The Use of SASAMBO Culture in Learning Natural Product Chemistry to Support Traditional Health Tourism in Lombok and Sumbawa Islands

Article Info Received : April 20th, 2020 Revised : June 12th, 2020 Accepted : June 16th, 2020 Abstract: The SASAMBO (Sasak, Samawa, Mbojo) tribe has a variety of medicinal plants. The abundance of SASAMBO tribal medicinal plants can be used in learning the natural product chemistry which are expected to support traditional health tourism on the islands of Lombok and Sumbawa. Natural product chemistry examines the chemical content associated with the efficacy of a medicinal plant. This linkage can provide scientific support for the use of SASAMBO traditional medicinal plants. The method used in this research is the study of literature and questionnaires. Data sources came from public records, the results of questionnaire responses, and scientific articles related to SASAMBO traditional medicine. The results showed that there were various SASAMBO medicinal plants which were potentially used in the study of natural product chemistry with details, Lombok (Sasak) 43 species, Sumbawa (Samawa) 25 species, and Bima (Mbojo) 35 species. Some of these plant species are used for the treatment of diseases caused by viruses, so it has the potential to be used to treat corona outbreaks. Lombok and Sumbawa islands have abundant medicinal plants, this makes the two islands potential as a traditional health tourism destination.


Introduction
Indonesia, which is an archipelago, which certainly has a variety of tribes and traditions. The tradition is mainly in the health field, namely medicine. Clinically there are several medicinal plants used in medicine by the community. The plant was even planted in the home yard by the community. These medicinal plants include: Turmeric, Temu lawak, Kencur, Ginger, Galangal, Salam Leaves, Noni, Cat Mustache, Mahkotadewa, Soka, Jasmine, Papaya, Cocor Duck, Guava, Guava, Fruit Star, Betel, Lime, Katuk, Katuk, Turmeric White, Aloe Vera, Alang-alang, Starfruit Wuluh, Giring Giring, Sweet Potatoes, and Beluntas (Jiwantoro, dkk 2017). One area in Indonesia that has a variety of medicinal plants is the West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) area. NTB has 2 large islands namely Lombok and Sumbawa. The two islands have 3 tribes namely the SASAMBO (Sasak Samawa Mbojo) tribe. The Sasak are on the island of Lombok, the Samawa and Mbojo are on the island of Sumbawa.
The SASAMBO tribe has medicinal plants used in the treatment of various diseases. There are various medicinal plants that can be used to treat diseases caused by viruses, so it has the potential to be used to treat corona outbreaks. The Samawa tribe has one of the most well-known traditional medicines, namely Sumbawa oil, said oil can cure various diseases and is used for generations by the people of Sumbawa. Sumbawa oil is made from a variety of plant species (Rahayu, 2016).
Traditional medical practices generally utilize various types of plants and animals for the treatment of diseases. Mild and severe diseases are treated by using herbs from certain types of plants and animals found around the yard of the house and in the forest. Such treatment can still be found among rural and urban communities (Sugiarto & Wulansari, 2018). The development of SASAMBO traditional medicine can make NTB a health tourism destination.
The direction of local government policy especially in the tourism sector in NTB is sustainable tourism management. The management of sustainable tourism is guided by the 4 pillars of tourism, namely the development of destinations, marketing of tourism, industry and institutions. To support this, the provincial government issued various policies such as the Visit Sumbawa Lombok Program, Frendly Lombok and the Enchantment of Sumbawa as branding (Munir, U., et al. 2018).
Various cultural properties of SASAMBO medicinal plants can be used in learning Natural Product Chemistry (NPC). In terms of NPC, the efficacy of a medicinal plant is related to the content of secondary metabolites. NPC examines the type, distribution, and function of secondary metabolite compounds contained in organisms. The diversity of secondary metabolites comes from biodiversity. SASAMBO medicinal plant diversity is very high, so that it has the potential to advance the NPC.

Method
The method used in this research is the study of literature and questionnaires. Data sources came from public records, the results of questionnaire responses, and scientific articles related to SASAMBO traditional medicine. The data obtained were analyzed quantitatively and quantitatively. The data is processed through 3 three stages of analysis, namely data reduction, data display and conclusion.  (Yamin, et al., 2018;Jannah & Safnowandi 2018) The data in Table 1 shows the diversity of traditional medicinal plants owned by the SASAMBO community. The diversity of medicinal plants provides evidence that the rich nature of Indonesia. Various medicinal plants, indicating the efficacy of these medicinal plants. Ranging from treatment for minor illnesses to treatment for severe illness. All parts of the medicinal plant can be processed based on a hereditary prescription from the ancestors. Several species of plants are used to treat diseases caused by viruses, so it has the potential to be used to treat corona outbreaks.

Result and Discussion
Literature studies show that various parts of the SASAMBO medicinal plant can be formulated as a healing herb, namely: 1. Leaves The process of compounding the leaves of medicinal plants as a healing herb, namely: (1) the leaves are ground, (2) given a little water and placed on the body that feels pain. As for other ways of processing medicinal plant leaves namely. (1) boiled leaves of medicinal plants, (2) then drink the water. (Jannah, & Sasnowandi, 2018).

The stem
The process of compounding the stems of medicinal plants as a nutritious concoction, is done in a way that is, (1) the stems of medicinal plants are boiled in a container filled with water and (2) the boiled water is drunk (Ariadi, L. M, 2017).

pieces
The processing of medicinal plants is carried out in several ways, namely: (1) the fruit is ground (mashed) (2) then filtered the fruit that has been mashed (3) add water to the screening process. (Yamin M, et al, 2018).

Root
The process of processing the roots of medicinal plants is carried out in several ways, namely: (1) the roots are boiled in a container filled with water (2) the boiled water is drunk. (Jannah, & Ridwan, 2017). Flower are usually used without being processed and directly used by the community. (Sugiarto, & Wulansari, 2018).
The concoctions produced by the SASAMBO community are diverse and nutritious. If the medicinal plants and concoctions of the SASAMBO community are well managed, they can become a separate income for the SASAMBO community. This management can be in the form of community empowerment and the provision of facilities in the development of health tourism (herbal). Herbal tourism is one of the attractive tourist destinations for tourists because of its natural beauty, herbal products, and the friendliness of its people (Waruwu, et al, 2020). The SASAMBO medicinal plants described above can be used in learning Natural Product Chemistry (NPC). NPC examines the type, distribution, and function of secondary metabolite compounds contained in organisms. The secondary metabolite compounds referred to are terpenoids, steroids, phenyl propanoids, polyketides, flavonoids, and alkaloids.
Learners can do a project-based learning by isolating secondary metabolite compounds found in SASAMBO medicinal plants. Learning projects can vary each year by replacing plant species that have been isolated from their chemical contents. This activity will give students the opportunity to improve higher order thinking skills such as critical thinking skills, creative thinking skills, decision making skills, and problem solving skills related to the process of isolating secondary metabolites from SASAMBO medicinal plants.

Conclusion
The diverse medicinal plants of the SASAMBO community and the effective concoction of concoctions can make the island of Lombok and Sumbawa as a health tourism destination (herbal). The various SASAMBO medicinal plant species can be used in the study of natural product chemistry (NPC). NPC examines the chemical content associated with the efficacy of a medicinal plant. These skills can provide scientific support for the use of SASAMBO traditional medicinal plants.