Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA contains scientific articles form of research results that include science, technology, and teaching in the field of science. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA is published monthly. Authors across the globe are welcome to submit their research papers in the prestigious journal fulfilling the requisite criterion.
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The Effect of Self-Efficacy on Academic Achievement and Learning Engagement: A Systematic Literature Review
Academic self-efficacy is a critical psychological construct consistently linked to student success. However, the extensive body of research is fragmented, necessitating a systematic synthesis to understand the key factors, outcomes, and underlying mechanisms associated with student’s self-efficacy. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to synthesize and evaluate the current evidence on the effect of self-efficacy on academic achievement and learning engagement. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across Science Direct database. The review synthesized findings from 25 articles, focusing on empirical studies that examined the antecedents and consequences of self-efficacy in relation to academic outcomes. The findings reveal that self-efficacy serves as a significant predictor of academic achievement and learning engagement. Results indicate that students with high self-efficacy demonstrate greater persistence, set more ambitious goals, and exhibit higher resilience in challenging subjects. The discussion highlights that this relationship is mediated by both social support and cognitive engagement strategies. In conclusion, developing self-efficacy is essential for optimizing educational outcomes
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizka Indah Primawati, Wiji, Sri Mulyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Hypolipidemic Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Peel: A Literature Review
Avocado peel (Persea americana L.) contains a number of bioactive compounds that have the potential to act as antihyperlipidemic agents. These compounds include polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, and phenolic acids, which are known to affect lipid metabolism through various molecular pathways. This review aims to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the antihyperlipidemic effects of avocado peel extract. Relevant literature was obtained through searches in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using relevant keywords. Selected studies were analyzed based on the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework and summarized using the PRISMA methodology. The results of the review indicate that avocado peel extract has the potential to activate the AMPK pathway, regulate PPAR-α/γ, inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, and increase bile acid excretion. However, most of the evidence is limited to animal models and in vitro studies, and further research in humans is needed to confirm the efficacy and to elucidate more in-depth molecular mechanisms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suwahyuni Mus; Nanik Sulistyani; Sapto Muliyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Systematic Review of Bioactive Metabolites and Antioxidant Potential of Sawo Duren (Chrysophyllum spp.): Integrating Evidence from Metabolomic and Chemometric Studies
Chrysophyllum spp. contains diverse bioactive metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and triterpenes such as lupeol, which contribute to their antioxidant, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic activities. However, most existing studies rely on basic phytochemical analyses and have not incorporated metabolomic or chemometric approaches capable of providing comprehensive metabolite profiling. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on the bioactive metabolites and antioxidant potential of Chrysophyllum spp. and evaluates the extent to which advanced analytical techniques have been applied. The included studies report high levels of polyphenols and triterpenes, with notable antioxidant effects mediated through enhanced SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and reduced oxidative stress. Polyphenolic compounds also exhibit cytotoxicity via ROS induction in cancer cells, while lupeol and its derivatives demonstrate promising antiparasitic activity. Despite these findings, the lack of high-resolution metabolomics and chemometric integration limits the identification of key metabolites and mechanistic understanding. Overall, Chrysophyllum spp. represent a potential natural source of biologically active metabolites, particularly antioxidants. Future research using advanced metabolomic and the chemometric methodologies is essential to achieve comprehensive metabolite mapping and clarify the mechanisms underlying their bioactivities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadillah Maryam Bau Agiel, Any Guntarti, Warsi, Abdul Halim Umar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Trends in Biology Learning Innovations for Strengthening 21st Century Skills Toward Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
This study analyzes publication trends in biology learning innovation linking 21st Century Skills and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) using a bibliometric approach. Data sourced from Google Scholar (n = 637) were extracted using the Publish or Perish tool and converted into CSV and RIS formats., then filtered based on inclusion criteria (journal articles and book chapters; English/Indonesian), resulting in 313 final documents, with 171 documents discussing specific learning innovation (models/approach). Data were analyzed using VOSviewer for keyword co-occurrence and Excel for frequency analysis. The results show an increasing research trend in 2022–2025, with the dominant topic being technology integration, especially artificial intelligence (AI). Indonesia surpasses the UK and US in publications on this topic. The dominant learning innovations are STEM/STEAM (21%; links 27), PjBL (11%; links 19), and PBL (6%; links 16). Co-occurrence analysis links these innovations with critical thinking, creativity, problem-solving, collaboration, and digital literacy. These innovations connect to SDGs 4 and 13 (primary goals), and SDGs 6, 9, 11, and 12 (subsidiary goals), confirming their relevance in strengthening 21st-century skills and sustainable development goals. Their effective implementation depends on teacher preparedness, curriculum adaptability, and institutional support, requiring research across educational contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indah Rahmawati, Dora Dayu Rahma Turista https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mapping Global Research Trends on Ethnoscience-Based Chemistry Learning Integrated with Project-Based Learning and Flipped Classroom to Support Sustainable Development Goals: A Bibliometric Review
This study maps global research trends on ethnoscience-based chemistry learning integrated with Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and the Flipped Classroom (FC) using a bibliometric approach. A total of 118 journal articles published between 2016 and 2025 were analyzed with VOSviewer to examine publication trends, keyword co-occurrence, and thematic clusters. Results show a significant increase in publications after 2020, highlighting five main clusters: (1) ethnoscience and local wisdom, (2) PjBL and active pedagogy, (3) FC and digital learning, (4) scientific literacy and 21st-century skills, and (5) bibliometric analysis and research trends. Overlay and density visualizations indicate a recent focus on PjBL–FC integration to enhance scientific literacy, while ethnoscience provides a contextual foundation. This study identifies gaps in fully integrated empirical research and offers directions for future studies and practical implications for curriculum design, teacher training, and sustainable learning. These findings provide actionable insights for educators and policymakers aiming to enhance culturally responsive, technology-supported chemistry education that promotes sustainable development aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Minarni, Rayandra Asyhar, Haryanto, Bambang Hariyadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Classroom to Industry: What Truly Improves Green Skills in Indonesian Vocational High Schools?
Indonesia's green transition requires vocational graduates who are not only technically competent, but also possess green skills (GS) in the cognitive (CC), interpersonal (IC), and intrapersonal (IaC) domains. This study aims to map the level of GS, patterns between domains, and learning factors in Indonesian vocational education by conducting a quantitative secondary synthesis of five Scopus-indexed studies (2015-2025). The methods used include structured book coding, metric harmonization, and the SWiM framework with voice calculation based on effect direction (↑, →, ↓, NR). The results show a gap between students and teachers: the average GS scores of students (2.188-2.594) were lower than those of teachers (2.242-2.917), with two of the three studies placing student GS in the low category. One intervention module showed a moderate improvement (N gain = 0.4; average score from 46.7 to 73.3). IC was consistently positive (3 out of 3 studies ↑), IaC was mixed (2 positive, 1 negative), and CC was varied (1 positive, 1 neutral, 1 negative). A survey of 562 Islamic vocational school students showed a positive relationship between religious and environmental values and GS. These findings highlight the importance of GS modules, values-based education, and green school culture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dimas Aulia Saputra, Tuti Suartini, Tiara Maulida Yanti, Sri Lestari Harja, Sri Alvina Damayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Hybrid Science Learning Model Integrating Local Wisdom and Digital Technology to Enhance Scientific Literacy and Ecological Character of Elementary School Students (SDG 4)
This study aimed to develop and implement a hybrid biology learning model integrating local wisdom and digital technology to improve scientific literacy and strengthen the ecological character of elementary school students. A Design-Based Research (DBR) approach was employed, involving fifth-grade students as research subjects. Data were collected through observations, interviews, scientific literacy tests, ecological character questionnaires, and documentation. Quantitative data were analyzed using N-Gain and paired sample t-tests, while qualitative data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ scientific literacy, with average scores increasing from 55.4 to 81.7 and an N-Gain value of 0.60 (moderate category). Students’ ecological character also improved from 68.35 (fair) to 86.94 (very good). Teachers’ and students’ responses indicated that the model was practical, engaging, and easy to implement, while expert validation confirmed its validity and feasibility. Overall, the findings indicate that the proposed hybrid learning model offers an effective and innovative approach for enhancing both cognitive and affective learning outcomes in elementary science education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tuti Liana, Afkar, Faizah M. Nur, Fatemah Rosma, Maizura Fauzie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ethnoscience as a Science Phenomenon in Science Learning to Increase Student Science Competency: A Literature Review
Students' science competencies are challenged in science education. It is caused by the fact that science concepts are commonly presented abstractly and not contextually. This study aimed to systematically map the use of ethnoscience phenomena in science education and their contribution to enhancing students' science competencies. The method employed was a systematic literature review with a quantitative bibliometric approach, based on the PRISMA guidelines, utilizing published articles from Scopus, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and SINTA (2019 – 2024). Forty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. The study results show that the ethnoscience phenomenon in science education can be classified into four main themes, namely traditional food processing, ecology and local environment, traditional technology and tools, and material culture and chemical processes, which are consistently related to three aspects of PISA science competency: explaining scientific phenomena, designing and evaluating investigations, and interpreting scientific data and evidence. It can be concluded that ethnoscience is an effective contextual bridge between science concepts - students' cultural experiences, and offering a novelty as thematic mapping of ethnoscience phenomena and theoretical mechanisms for improving science competency, which serves as a basis in science learning development based local culture in the future.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Jeremia Hutauruk, Nabilah Dwi Rahayu, Elis Kaiye, Alvina Meutia Anzalna, Dian Rahmawati, Farah Erika, Sukemi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Phytochemical Study of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) for Contextual Chemotaxonomy Learning in Biology Education
The andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium), also known locally as toba-toba, is a species endemic to North Sumatra, Indonesia, possessing a significant diversity of phytochemical compounds. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of the phytochemical content of andaliman and evaluate its potential for developing contextual biology education, specifically the topic of chemotaxonomy at the secondary education level. The research employed a systematic literature review protocol based on a search of national and international journals published between 2015 and early 2025. The results indicate significant phytochemical variation in andaliman (especially essential oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids) in highland populations, supporting the concept of chemotaxonomy. Although chemotaxonomy is globally established, its integration into science education in Indonesia, particularly in teaching plant classification using local phytochemical data, remains limited. This gap highlights the potential for developing biology teaching materials that integrate taxonomic concepts with local wisdom, which can substantially enhance scientific literacy and foster an appreciation for Indonesia's biodiversity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aswita Mardohar Hasibuan, Suyitno Aloysius, Paidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Radicle Emergence Test of Various Sorghum Varieties (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Using the Between Paper and Top of Paper Germination Methods
High reliance on rice and limited national production drive the need to develop sorghum as an alternative food crop. This development requires high-quality seed and rapid, reliable testing methods. This study evaluated the effect of germination methods on radicle emergence (RE), assessed varietal differences in RE rate, and examined the ability of the RE test to estimate germination percentage (GP). The experiment used a nested design with germination method as the main factor, between paper and top of paper, and five sorghum varieties nested within each method, namely Mandau, Super 1, Bioguma 1, Bioguma 2, and Bioguma 3, with four replications. Top of paper detected radicle emergence earlier than between paper, with the optimal observation time at 48 hours. Super 1 showed the highest RE and GP, followed by Bioguma 3, while Mandau and Bioguma 2 showed lower performance. Regression analysis between RE and GP produced the equation y = 1.038x − 3.32 with R² = 0.7474, indicating a strong positive relationship. These results demonstrate that RE observation at 48 hours provides a rapid and accurate indicator of sorghum seed viability and supports the selection of superior varieties for seed production
Copyright (c) 2026 Noviana Miming Dwi Wulansari, I Gede Wijana, Ida Ayu Putri Darmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Traditional Use of Coleus monostachyus for Wound Healing among the Dani People of Papua: An Ethnobotanical Assessment
This study documents the traditional knowledge and wound-healing practices associated with Coleus monostachyus—locally known as Anggungiga—among the Dani people of Papua. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 34 purposively selected respondents, including traditional healers, elders, women, and youth. The results show that the leaves are exclusively used (100%), with three main preparation methods: pounding (50%), rubbing (30%), and direct application of fresh leaves (20%). The reported healing duration ranges from 2–7 days, and 85% of respondents perceived the plant to be more effective than modern medicine within their local context. Statistical analysis indicates a significant association between social roles and the diversity of preparation methods (χ² = 9.14; p = 0.027), and a positive correlation between age and knowledge variation (ρ = 0.42; p = 0.021). Ethnobotanical indices, including RFC (0.95), UV (1.20), and ICF (0.91)—demonstrate the high cultural relevance of C. monostachyus for wound treatment. These findings highlight the importance of preserving Dani ethnobotanical heritage and suggest the potential for further pharmacological exploration of this species.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hans Frits Liborang, Johanis M. Ramandey, Suryadi, Ajumat Fimbay B, Wardhana W. Dharsono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Landslide Susceptibility Zonation Based on Seismic Vulnerability Index and Subsurface Lithology Derived from Resistivity Values
This study aims to determine potential landslide-prone zones based on the seismic vulnerability index and subsurface lithology derived from electrical rock resistivity values. The research employs the microseismic method and the geoelectric resistivity method with a dipole–dipole configuration. Zones with high landslide susceptibility are identified at points exhibiting high values of the seismic vulnerability index. Based on data acquisition, the highest amplification factor was recorded at point D3 of 9.24, with a corresponding seismic vulnerability index of 24.57. Subsurface lithology analysis reveals an alluvium layer with a thickness of up to 25.00 meters overlying the bedrock. These datasets indicate that the alluvial soil is characterized by soft textures, incomplete consolidation, and low stability levels, rendering these specific points highly vulnerable to significant damage and landslide activity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ira Jam’iyatul Qalbiyah, Adi Susilo, Eko Andi Suryo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Interactive Media-Based Deep Learning in Elementary School Students' Science Learning
The development of educational technology has encouraged the need for learning innovations that can improve conceptual understanding and student engagement, especially in science subjects in elementary schools. This study aims to analyze the effect of the implementation of interactive media-based deep learning on learning outcomes and student engagement in Grade IV students. The study used a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 30 students at MI Muhammadiyah Tahfidzul Qur'an. The instruments consisted of a learning outcome test and an activity observation sheet. Data analysis was carried out using a paired sample t-test and effect size calculation. The results showed a significant increase in learning outcomes, from 64.40 to 77.20 (t = -22.06; p = 0.000), and an increase in student activeness from 60.40 to 78.77 (t = -24.252; p = 0.000). The very large effect size values (d = 4.02 for learning outcomes and d = 4.24 for student activeness) indicate that the learning influence is very strong and practically meaningful. These findings confirm that interactive media-based deep learning is effective in improving academic achievement and active student participation, making it suitable for implementation as a learning strategy in the science subject in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hana Fatimah, Nining Setyaningsih, Fajar Sri Utami , Tutik Ernawati, Budi Murtiyasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of a Biology Microteaching Model Based on PjBL and Blended Learning
The transformation of education in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0 requires a paradigm shift in the learning process, including in the education of prospective teachers. Twenty-first-century pedagogical skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and digital literacy are essential competencies that future teachers must have. Microteaching as a program to improve teachers' teaching skills needs to adapt to the times. The urgency of this research is to improve the ability of prospective biology teachers to prepare themselves to teach by paying attention to collaboration, communication, creativity, and critical thinking. Therefore, researchers have developed a biology microteaching model based on PjBL (Project-Based Learning) and blended learning to improve the teaching abilities of prospective teachers. The aim of the research is to implement a model to test its effectiveness. This research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method. This type of research is in accordance with the quasi-experimental design model, which allows researchers to evaluate the effect of interventions even without subject randomization. The focus of the research is to determine the effect of implementing biology microteaching models based on Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and Blended Learning on the teaching abilities of prospective biology teacher students. This research concludes that the implementation of the microteaching model based on Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and blended learning for Biology students at the FKIP Jambi University received a positive response.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Sadikin, Jodion Siburian, Ferdiaz Saudagar, Robin Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Passion Fruit Extract Soaking and Alkaline Peroxide on Candida albicans Adhesion as Denture Cleaning Agents
Heat-cured acrylic resin dentures are widely used to restore mastication and aesthetics in individuals with tooth loss; however, their surface characteristics may facilitate Candida albicans adhesion, increasing the risk of denture stomatitis. Therefore, effective denture cleansers are required to inhibit fungal colonization. Purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) contains bioactive compounds with antifungal potential and may serve as a natural alternative denture cleanser. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 15% purple passion fruit peel and pulp extracts with alkaline peroxide in reducing Candida albicans adhesion on heat-cured acrylic resin surfaces. This laboratory experimental study employed a posttest-only control group design using pure Candida albicans isolates. Heat-cured acrylic resin specimens (10 × 10 × 2 mm) were prepared and randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): 15% peel extract, 15% pulp extract, alkaline peroxide (positive control), and distilled water (negative control). All specimens were immersed for 15 minutes in the respective solutions. Fungal adhesion was quantified using a colony counter, and the data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Mann–Whitney post hoc test. The results showed mean colony counts of 832.17 ± 34.79 CFU/mL for the peel extract group, 172.83 ± 35.02 CFU/mL for the pulp extract group, 1,006.50 ± 80.36 CFU/mL for the alkaline peroxide group, and 3,307.33 ± 114.38 CFU/mL for the distilled water group. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among all groups (p < 0.05). The 15% purple passion fruit pulp extract demonstrated the greatest antifungal effectiveness, which may be attributed to its higher concentration of antifungal phytochemicals compared to the peel extract and the conventional cleanser. In conclusion, both 15% purple passion fruit peel and pulp extracts are more effective than alkaline peroxide in inhibiting Candida albicans adhesion on denture surfaces, with the pulp extract showing the strongest antifungal activity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cindy Denhara Wijaya, Susianin Tarigan, Syalaiska Alkila Sugit, Insan Munawar Batubara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Group Investigation and Problem-Based Learning Models on Students' Critical Thinking Skills and Learning Motivation in Biology Learning
This study aimed to analyze the effects of the Group Investigation (GI) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) models on students’ critical thinking skills and learning motivation in biology learning. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was employed, involving two experimental classes and one control class at SMA Negeri 1 Muara Wahau. The first experimental class implemented the PBL model, the second applied the GI model, while the control class received conventional instruction. Data on students’ critical thinking skills and learning motivation were collected using achievement tests and questionnaires and were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) post hoc test. The results revealed that the learning model had a significant effect on both critical thinking skills and learning motivation (p < 0.05). Students taught using the PBL model demonstrated the highest improvement in critical thinking skills and learning motivation, followed by those taught using the GI model, while the conventional learning group showed the lowest outcomes. These results indicate that student-centered learning models encourage active engagement, problem-solving, and collaborative learning, which contribute to enhanced cognitive and motivational outcomes in biology learning. In conclusion, both PBL and GI models positively influence students’ critical thinking skills and learning motivation; however, the PBL model is the most effective. Therefore, the implementation of problem-oriented and collaborative learning models is recommended to improve the quality of biology learning processes and outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Margaretha Apriana Wanda, Muh. Amir Masruhim, Evie Palenewan, Daniel, Taufan Purwokusumaning Daru, Elsje Theodora Maasawet https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antihypertensive Effect of Rice Bran Derived Amino Acids Through Modulation of iNOS Expression and Renal Histopathology in DOCA Salt Induced Hypertensive Rats
Hypertension is a major global health concern and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Conventional treatment with ACE inhibitors like captopril is effective but often causes adverse effects including cough, dizziness, and renal impairment. This study evaluated the antihypertensive effects of rice bran in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats. In vitro analysis revealed 45.58% soluble fiber and rich amino acid content, including 2.121 mg L-Arginine, a nitric oxide precursor promoting vasodilation. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, captopril treatment (5 mg/kg BW), and rice bran supplementation at 1% and 2% of 25 g feed. The 2% rice bran group significantly (p < 0.05) reduced renal iNOS expression by 88.32% compared to hypertensive controls, surpassing captopril's 22.96% reduction. Histopathological examination revealed notable renal protection with complete absence of fatty degeneration and minimal glomerular inflammation in the 2% rice bran group. These findings demonstrate potent antihypertensive activity through ACE inhibition, enhanced nitric oxide bioavailability, and mitigation of oxidative and inflammatory stress, establishing rice bran as a promising natural therapeutic alternative for hypertension management
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fikri Nur, Devi Ramadani, Muh Fikry Baharuddin, Almas Dwi Khairana, Saidun Fiddaroini, Akhmad Sabarudin, Anna Safitri, Wibi Riawan, Dyah Kinasih Wuragil, Hilman Nurmahdi, Aulanni'am https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Potential Effectiveness of Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum L.) Extract on Neutrophil Cell Count in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Post Tooth Extraction
Tooth extraction causes tissue injury that triggers an inflammatory response, which is characterized by an increase in neutrophil counts. Although neutrophils play an essential role in the early phase of wound healing, prolonged inflammation may delay tissue regeneration. Goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) contains various bioactive compounds that have potential anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of goji berry extract on neutrophil counts in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) following tooth extraction. This study was experimental laboratory research using a post-test group design. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control (povidone iodine), and three treatment groups receiving goji berry extract at concentrations of 15%, 30%, and 55%. The extract was formulated as a gel and applied topically to the extraction socket. Neutrophil counts were evaluated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 through histopathological examination. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, One Way ANOVA, and the LSD post hoc test. The results showed significant differences in neutrophil counts among groups on days 3, 5, and 7 (p<0.05). The 55% concentration demonstrated the most optimal reduction in neutrophil counts. It can be concluded that goji berry extract has potential as an alternative herbal therapy to support wound healing after tooth extraction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shieny Lokanata, Dian Soraya Tanjung, Tengku Annisa Sabila Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Empowering Prospective Biology Teachers: Implementing UDL-Integrated Digital Competencies in Invertebrate Taxonomy at Cenderawasih University
This quasi-experimental pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group study examined the effectiveness of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) integrated with digital competence in improving invertebrate taxonomy learning among third-semester Biology Education students at FKIP Cenderawasih University. Participants included 54 students from two classes: the experimental (n=27) receiving 6-week UDL-digital intervention and the control group (n=27) following conventional PowerPoint lectures. The intervention applied UDL principles: Multiple Means of Representation via e-modules, 3D animations, and infographics; Action/Expression through digital portfolios, videos, and quizzes; and Engagement via LMS feedback. Quantitative data were collected through tests of conceptual mastery, digital competence assessments, and classroom engagement observations, while qualitative data were obtained from student questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that students exposed to the UDL-digital approach achieved higher conceptual understanding, demonstrated stronger digital competence, and showed greater engagement than those in the control group. Qualitative results supported these outcomes, revealing that multimodal access facilitated understanding of complex taxonomy concepts, flexible digital expression enhanced self-efficacy, and gamified learning environments increased intrinsic motivation, particularly when learning was contextualized using local biodiversity. Overall, the study confirms the potential of UDL integrated with digital competence as an effective and inclusive pedagogical framework for STEM teacher education. The findings suggest that UDL-digital learning designs are particularly relevant for resource-constrained higher education contexts and can contribute to preparing future biology teachers who are both pedagogically adaptive and digitally competent.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurbaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Remote Sensing for Sustainable Development: Multi-Temporal Landsat Analysis of Land-Use Change and Urbanization in the Rejoso Watershed (2005–2024)
Rapid urbanization and shifting agricultural practices are reshaping watershed sustainability in Indonesia, yet their spatial and hydrological implications in the Rejoso Watershed (East Java) remain insufficiently quantified. This study evaluates land-use/land-cover (LULC) dynamics over 2005–2024 using multi-temporal Landsat imagery from five observation years (2005, 2011, 2015, 2020, and 2024). A hybrid classification (ISODATA clustering combined with visual interpretation) was validated using 250 ground points and confusion matrix metrics (overall accuracy and Kappa). Vegetation declined from 54.72% (197.11 km²) in 2005 to its minimum in 2020 at 38.06% (137.09 km²), then recovered to 41.28% (148.70 km²) in 2024. Agricultural land expanded from 32.14% (115.77 km²) to 52.28% (188.32 km²) in 2020 before contracting to 46.96% (169.14 km²) in 2024, indicating a notable post-2020 trend reversal with vegetation regrowth and reduced cropland extent. Built-up areas increased steadily (4.14% to 7.54%), while open land fluctuated and water bodies remained <1% with a slight decline. The 2020 map achieved the highest accuracy (95.83%; κ=0.96). These findings highlight upstream LULC reconfiguration and continued downstream urbanization, supporting integrated watershed management, upland rehabilitation, and stricter spatial planning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alyavara Mayang Ferynandari, Ery Suhartanto, Linda Prasetyorini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) as an Intervention to Reduce Iron Deficiency Among Pregnant Women: First-Year Findings from a Study in West Lombok
Anemia during pregnancy remains a significant public health problem, particularly in Indonesia where prevalence exceeds the global average. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) intervention in improving knowledge of iron-deficiency anemia among pregnant women in West Lombok. A quasi-experimental pre–posttest design was conducted with 60 pregnant women divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention involved six PLA sessions focusing on community discussions, nutrition education, and family participation. Knowledge scores were analyzed using paired t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests, complemented by effect sizes and qualitative thematic analysis. Results showed a substantial improvement in the intervention group, with the proportion of good knowledge increasing from 20.0% to 80.0% and mean scores rising from 11.5 ± 2.5 to 16.8 ± 1.8 (p < 0.001). The control group showed no significant change. Qualitative findings revealed improved spousal support, effective reminder strategies, and increased motivation among health cadres. PLA is an effective and scalable community-based approach for strengthening anemia prevention in maternal health programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erien Luthfia, Lina Sundayani, Hadi Kusuma Atmaja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Utilization of Local Natural Dyes and Mordants in Dyeing Polyester Yarn for Timor Woven Fabrics: Characterization and Potential Applications
The objective of this study was to extract natural dyes from plant parts, characterize them, and evaluate their color fastness properties. The yarns were bleached using hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 10% (based on fiber weight) at 100°C for 30 minutes. Three natural dyes (teak leaves, turmeric, and mango bark) were selected as natural sources for color extraction, which was carried out for 60 minutes at 100°C. Dyeing was performed both with and without the addition of salt, alum, and lime as mordants. The FTIR spectra of fabrics dyed with natural dye extracts showed absorption bands at 2963–2918 cm⁻¹, indicating the presence of C-H stretching from methyl (CH₃) and methylene (-CH₂-) groups found in polyester. The band at 1710–1713 cm⁻¹ originated from the carbonyl (C=O) group, which is a main characteristic of polyester. The band around 1504–1577 cm⁻¹ was identified as aromatic C=C bond stretching. The band at 1338–1242 cm⁻¹ indicated C-O stretching, which may be attributed to ester groups in polyester. The band at 1091–1015 cm⁻¹ represented C-H bending, which is also characteristic of polyester molecules. Turmeric and teak leaves demonstrated better color fastness compared to mango bark.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marselina Theresia Djue Tea, Elisabeth Korbafo, Faustinus Kadha, Yohana Ivana Kedang, Fetronela Rambu Bobu, Agustina Mogi, Ernesta Wae, Janrigo Klamegio Mere, Gebhardus Djugian Gelyaman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Circular Waste Using a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD): A Case Study of Sukabumi City
This study examines the transition from linear to circular municipal solid waste management in Sukabumi City using a system dynamics approach. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive design, data were gathered through surveys of 400 residents across 33 villages, field observations of waste facilities, and stakeholder interviews. Results reveal significant "lost circularity" driven by low source separation, negative public perceptions, and the underutilization of community-based 3R facilities (TPS3R) and waste banks. The developed Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) identifies five reinforcing loops which are centred on 3R participation, institutional collaboration, and material value—and four balancing loops related to infrastructure limits, behavioural resistance, and funding constraints. The dominance of these balancing loops explains the stagnation of the circular transition. Findings suggest that the system remains trapped in a "take–make–dispose" model due to operational bottlenecks. The study concludes that the primary leverage points for accelerating circularity include intensive 3R education, the reactivation of upstream infrastructure, and enhanced multi-actor collaboration. These interventions are essential to shift the system dynamics toward sustainable resource recovery and reduced landfill dependency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eneng Rahmi, Lioba Evita Anikusuma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Adiwiyata: Integrating Environmental Education and PKLH-Based Sustainability into Teaching and Learning
Population and Environmental Education (PKLH) learning plays a strategic role in addressing global issues such as climate change, pollution, and ecosystem degradation. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Tinggi Moncong, Gowa Regency, over one semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of integrated PKLH teaching in improving students' ecological knowledge, attitudes, and skills; to identify implementation challenges; and to evaluate the internalization of the concepts of sustainability, pollution, and conservation. This research uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design and simple regression analysis. The data collection methods in this study used four main techniques: questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings indicate that the integration of PKLH significantly contributes to balanced development across the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, reflecting meaningful and environmentally oriented learning. However, its implementation faces obstacles, including limited environmental literacy and low student engagement in real-life ecological activities. The study concludes that the integration of PKLH has the potential to strengthen a culture of sustainable education and stimulate student participation in pro-environmental practices. Implications for schools include expanding training for school staff, ensuring environmental infrastructure support, and developing contextual learning grounded in sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jamil, Hasanuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effects of Physical Activity Numeracy, BMI Literacy, and Health Statistical Reasoning on Physical Fitness among Physical Education Students
Declining physical activity and lifestyle changes among physical education students may reduce physical fitness, while professional demands require them to design data-informed exercise programmes. This study aimed to analyses the effects of physical activity numeracy ability, BMI literacy, and health statistical reasoning on physical fitness among physical education students. Quantitative correlational survey design was employed. The sample comprised 133 physical education students selected purposively. Data were collected using four-point Likert-scale questionnaires, each consisting of 16 items for physical activity numeracy, BMI literacy, health statistical reasoning, and physical fitness. Item validity was examined using Pearson correlation analysis, showing that all items were valid with item–total coefficients above the critical r value, whereas Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.945 to 0.967. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression, preceded by classical assumption tests. The regression model was significant (R² = 0.573; p < 0.001). Partially, physical activity numeracy (β = 0.504; p < 0.001) and health statistical reasoning (β = 0.284; p = 0.031) had positive and significant effects on physical fitness, whereas BMI literacy showed no significant effect (β = −0.006; p = 0.956). These findings highlight the importance of reinforcing exercise numeracy and health statistical reasoning in physical education curricula to support the design, monitoring, and evaluation of evidence-based exercise programmes, thereby enhancing students’ physical fitness and their readiness as future PE teachers. Longitudinal and structural modelling studies are recommended to minimise multicollinearity and test mediation mechanisms among variables in Indonesian higher education settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suharti, Hendra Setyawan, Lalu Moh Yudha Isnaini, Sabariah, Eka Kurnia Darisman, Mulyono, Henri Gunawan Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cultural Diversity, Multicultural Interactions, and their Impact on Health-Seeking Behavior and Well-being within the Bukit Bintang Urban Environment, Malaysia
Cultural diversity and everyday multicultural interactions strongly influence health-seeking behavior and well-being in complex urban settings. Bukit Bintang is a cosmopolitan urban district in Malaysia where culturally diverse communities interact within shared spaces. This study aims to examine how cultural diversity and everyday multicultural encounters influence health-seeking behavior and well-being among residents and visitors within the Bukit Bintang urban environment. Employing a qualitative research design, this study draws data from literature reviews, national and international journal articles, research reports, interviews, observations, and contextual documentation. The researcher served as the primary instrument, supported by interview protocols, observation guidelines, recording tools, and field documents. The analysis focused on subjective meanings, lived experiences, and participants’ interpretations of cultural and health-related practices. Findings reveal that multicultural interactions affect health-seeking behavior through varying preferences for traditional and modern healthcare, reliance on culturally familiar providers, and differing levels of trust in formal health institutions. While diversity promotes inclusivity and enriches the social fabric, challenges remain, including communication barriers, socio-economic disparities, and uneven access to health information. The study concludes that culturally responsive health strategies and inclusive community engagement are essential to improving health equity and supporting well-being within Malaysia’s multicultural urban environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggie Noer Apriliani, Syafri Anwar, Febriandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementing a Pancasila-Based Content Creator Project in Science Learning to Strengthen Youth Character in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals
This research aims to develop a character development model for youth through a Pancasila content creator project to enhance the understanding and actualization of Pancasila values. This study uses a mixed methods approach, namely qualitative and quantitative, with stages of analysis, exploration, and development of a character development model focused on Pancasila values. The results indicate that the Pancasila Content Creator Project is an effective and innovative character development model that successfully bridges the gap between students’ normative understanding and the practical actualization of Pancasila values. By integrating project-based digital content creation within science learning, particularly through sustainability and anti-bullying themes, the model enables students to internalize Pancasila values across cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains. The high effectiveness scores achieved in both implementation stages (91.72% in PIP 1 and 92.34% in PIP 2) indicate strong impacts on learning processes, participation, understanding, attitudes, behavior, and commitment to Pancasila values, with improvements observed following reflective refinement of the model. However, several obstacles still arise, particularly a digital skills gap, suboptimal teacher coordination, time constraints, and varying levels of home environment support.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eni Supriati, Encep Syarief Nurdin, Yadi Ruyadi, Tri Suhartati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Innovating Biology Education through Google Sites–Integrated Problem-Based Learning to Enhance Students’ Critical Thinking Skills and Learning Outcomes
This study aims to develop Google Sites–based learning media integrated with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on the topics of plant and animal tissues, with the goal of improving students’ critical thinking skills and biology learning outcomes. The research followed the ADDIE development model, encompassing five systematic stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study involved 35 Grade XI science students at SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda, Indonesia. The research instruments comprised expert validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, critical thinking tests, and learning achievement assessments. Data were analyzed using a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques through descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, and N-Gain analysis. The results indicated that the developed media achieved a very high level of feasibility according to expert validation, with average scores of 93.75% from media experts, 91.25% from subject matter experts, and 95.00% from language experts. Practical assessments received very positive responses from teachers (95.00%) and students (91.33%), demonstrating that the media was user-friendly, engaging, and functional. Furthermore, the media effectively improved students’ critical thinking skills and learning outcomes, with an overall N-Gain of 0.84 (high category) and critical thinking indicator gains ranging from 0.71 to 0.86. A key innovation was the integration of an interactive discussion feature using Canva within Google Sites, which promoted collaboration and meaningful learning. In conclusion, the Google Sites–based PBL media was highly feasible, practical, and effective for improving students’ critical thinking skills and learning outcomes in biology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Zulkarnain Ramadana Asir, Lambang Subagiyo, Sukartiningsih, Susilo, Akhmad, Krishna Purnawan Candra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Antibacterial Poster Based on Papaya Leaf Starch (Carica papaya L.) Against Escherichia coli for the Community
In recent years, the use of natural ingredients as antibacterial agents has gained increasing attention due to the increasing antibiotic resistance. One such potential is papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya L.), which has shown antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, a common cause of diarrhea in the community. This study aims to develop an educational poster that communicates the antibacterial benefits of papaya leaf extract against Escherichia coli. This study used the Research and Development (R&D) model as modified by Borg & Gall, which consists of five stages: (1) initial information collection, (2) planning, (3) initial product development, (4) limited field testing, and (5) product revision. Validation was carried out by material, media, and language experts, while readability testing was conducted on individuals aged ≥17 years. Data analysis included qualitative content analysis and quantitative descriptive analysis to evaluate the feasibility and readability of the poster. The results showed that the developed poster obtained a validation score above 80% from all experts, and a highest readability score of 95% from the community, indicating that the poster was very feasible, informative, and easy to understand. The strength of the poster lies in its attractive visual design, communicative language, and concise and focused content. This educational media is expected to increase public awareness of diarrhea prevention using herbal plants. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term impact of the media on behavioral change and assess the antibacterial effectiveness of papaya leaf extract in various formulations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nopa Nopiyanti, Destien Atmi Arisandy, Linna Fitriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Pico-Hydro Trainer for Renewable Energy Practicum in Universities
This study aimed to develop a Pico Hydro trainer as a practical learning tool to support renewable energy education in higher education. The development followed the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases. The trainer was constructed using essential components, including a turbine, AC generator, high-pressure pump, digital monitoring instruments, and safety features. Expert validation results indicated a feasibility score of 3.60 from the material expert, 3.50 from the media expert, and 3.56 from user responses, with an average rating of 3.55 that was categorized as “very feasible.” Performance testing demonstrated the trainer's ability to generate up to 22V at 576 RPM under no-load conditions. Additionally, student learning outcomes improved significantly, as shown by a normalized gain score of 0.714. These findings suggest that the Pico Hydro trainer is effective in integrating theoretical knowledge with hands-on experience, and it offers a safe, portable, and efficient solution for laboratory-based instruction in renewable energy systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arwadi Sinuraya, Denny Haryanto Sinaga, Lastama Sinaga, Reza Arbi Azizi Lubis, Dito Yudhistira Nugroho, Ricky Nelson Tampubolon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigation of Active Compounds in Vetiver Oil against Penicillin-Binding Protein 1 of Acinetobacter baumannii: A Bioinformatics Approach
Acinetobacter baumannii is responsible for various infections in humans and is well known for its ability to develop antibiotic resistance. Therefore, exploring natural compounds, such as those found in vetiver oil, is crucial. Vetiver oil contains numerous compounds, including sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenols; however, their activity against A. baumannii has not been previously reported. This research aims to investigate the potential of vetiver oil compounds in inhibiting penicillin-binding protein 1 (PBP1) in Acinetobacter baumannii using a bioinformatics approach. The methodology involved obtaining the 3D structure of PBP1 from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), while vetiver oil compounds were retrieved from the PubMed database. The first screening was conducted using ADMET Lab 3.0 to assess drug-likeness parameters, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity. The best-screened compounds were further evaluated through molecular docking using the Proteins Plus webserver to determine the binding residues. The results showed that vetiver oil compounds, including nootkatone, khusimol, and vetivenic acid, formed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Nootkatone, khusimol, and vetivenic acid have potential as inhibitors of PBP1; however, further in vitro studies are required to directly assess their biological activity and effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yulianto Ade Prasetya, Putri Setyawati, Mariana Wahjudi, Tjie Kok https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MRI Image Classification of Brain Tumors Using VGG16-Based Transfer Learning and Data Augmentation as a Medical Diagnosis Support System
Brain tumors are diseases that require early detection and accurate diagnosis. Various studies have applied deep learning methods to classify MRI images of brain tumors, but they still face dataset limitations and imbalanced class distributions that impact model performance. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the transfer learning-based VGG16 model in classifying brain tumors using MRI images. The study used 7,023 MRI images, including glioma, meningioma, pituitary, and no tumor, with a balanced training data distribution. Pre-processing included resizing, data splitting, and augmentation in the form of rotation, width shift, height shift, and zoom to increase data diversity and reduce the impact of class imbalance. The model was trained using several training-validation data splits (70:30, 80:20, and 90:10) with variations of the Adam, RMSprop, and AdamW optimizers and learning rates between 0.1 and 0.0001. The best configuration was obtained in the 80:20 scenario with the Adam optimizer and a learning rate of 0.0001, which was used in the final testing stage using test data that were never used during training and validation. The results showed the highest validation accuracy of 99.89% and a testing accuracy of 98.00%. Confusion matrix analysis showed that all classes could be classified well without prediction bias.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadia Sri Aulia Noprianti Noprianti, Leni Aziyus Fitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Discovery Learning Combined with the RQA Strategy to Strengthen Science Literacy and Basic Thinking Skills in Elementary School Students
Despite national curriculum reforms emphasizing inquiry-based learning, Indonesian elementary students demonstrate persistently low science literacy and underdeveloped basic scientific thinking skills encompassing observation, classification, prediction, and inference, as evidenced by below-benchmark performance on international assessment results. This quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design investigates whether integrating Discovery Learning with the Reading–Questioning–Answering (RQA) strategy effectively enhances these competencies. Conducted across three elementary schools in Jember, East Java, the study involved 120 fifth-grade students (aged 11–12 years) assigned to experimental (n = 60) and control (n = 60) groups based on intact classrooms. The experimental group received Discovery Learning–RQA instruction, while the control group experienced conventional teacher-centered approaches over six 90-minute sessions. Validated instruments measured science literacy (Cronbach's α = 0.82) and basic scientific thinking skills (α = 0.79), supplemented by systematic classroom observations. Results demonstrated that experimental students achieved significantly higher gains in science literacy (M = 20.25 points, a 34.67% increase) and scientific thinking (M = 19.41 points, a 31.22% increase) compared to controls (M = 7.42 and 7.17 points), with very large effect sizes (Cohen's d = 3.005 and 2.711, p < .001). Observational data confirmed elevated engagement in exploration, questioning, active reading, discussion, and drawing conclusions. The findings indicate that integrating constructivist inquiry with metacognitive reading strategies effectively scaffolds both conceptual understanding and procedural competencies essential for elementary science literacy development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Endah Yulianing Tias, I Wayan Wesa Atmaja, Ahmad Zaki Emyus, Endra Priawasana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antioxidant Activity of the Combination of Morinda citrifolia and Alpinia galanga in Juice and Instant Beverage Powder Using the ABTS Method
A combination of Morinda citrifolia and Alpinia galanga is available as a traditional herbal product in two dosage forms, namely juice and instant beverage powder, known as kudu-laos jamu, which potentially exhibits an antioxidant effect. The research novelty of this study lies in the comparison of the antioxidant activity between two dosage forms using the ABTS method. Six formulations were evaluated, including single-plant and combined formulations in both juice (F1–F3) and powder (F4–F6) forms. The antioxidant activity was determined quantitatively by the IC₅₀ value. The results showed that all formulations exhibited antioxidant activity; however, their IC₅₀ values were higher than that of ascorbic acid (< 50 µg/mL), indicating very weak activity (> 200 µg/mL). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between dosage forms; the IC₅₀ value in instant beverage powder formulations was higher compared with juice formulations. This condition is attributed to dilution by sucrose as the matrix in the powder formulations and to the thermal degradation of bioactive compounds during the processing stage. Therefore, further formulation optimization is required to preserve antioxidant potential in future studies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vendra Setiawan, Citra Hayu Adi Makayasa, Alfian Hendra Krisnawan, Cindy Anastasia Alang, Riyanto Budiono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Scientific Literacy and Climate Change Perceptions among Junior High School Students in Medan: Insights from the PISA Framework
Climate change is a global issue that requires scientific understanding and pro-environmental awareness, making scientific literacy and student perceptions important factors. This study analyzes the scientific literacy and perceptions of junior high school students in Medan City regarding climate change and the relationship between the two based on the PISA 2025 framework. The research design uses a quantitative descriptive approach with a correlational method, involving 130 students from five junior high schools selected through purposive sampling. The instruments included perception questionnaires (cognitive, affective, and conative dimensions) and scientific literacy tests (explaining phenomena, designing investigations, and evaluating information). The results showed that students' conceptual understanding and pro-environmental behavior were high, but their motivation and concern were moderate. Scientific literacy was strongest in evaluating and using information, while the ability to explain phenomena and design investigations still needed improvement. Correlation analysis showed a weak and non-significant positive relationship between perception and scientific literacy (r = 0.113; p = 0.201), indicating that perception alone was not a major factor in achieving scientific literacy. These findings emphasize the need for inquiry-based science learning, projects, problem-based learning, and the use of local contexts, which integrate the strengthening of knowledge, attitudes, and real practices. These strategies are expected to improve scientific literacy as a whole and shape students as agents of change in facing the challenges of climate change.
Copyright (c) 2026 Widia Ningsih, Aristo Hardinata, Rahmi Nazliah, Muhammad Azhari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Response of (Kopsia arborea Blume) Seed Germination to Rhizosphere Microbial Treatment
Kopsia arborea Blume is a plant species with high bioactive potential, yet its cultivation remains underdeveloped. One of the primary challenges in generative propagation is the low viability and slow seed germination rate. This study aims to analyze the effect of generative materials and rhizosphere microbes on the germination of Kopsia seeds. The generative materials used include whole fruits and fruit embryos of Kopsia. The rhizosphere microbes applied consist of a mixture of Trichoderma sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Azospirillum sp. The generative materials were cultivated in sand media over a two-month observation period. The observed parameters included the germination process, germination capacity, maximum growth potential, mean germination time, germination rate, vigor index, plant height, seedling length, total fresh weight, total dry weight, and shoot-root ratio. The treatment of generative materials significantly influenced germination capacity, mean germination time, germination rate, total fresh weight, total dry weight, and shoot-root ratio. Microbial applications affected germination capacity, mean germination time, maximum growth potential, vigor index, and seedling length. Overall, both whole fruits and embryos of kopsia are suitable for generative propagation. However, microbial applications are only necessary when propagation is conducted using whole fruits.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ridwan, Arum Sekar Wulandari, Yunik Istikorini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Using the Scientific Reading-Based Project (SRBP) Model to Describe the Transformation of Hands-on Science Learning Experiences and Creative Thinking for Preservice Elementary Teachers
The purpose of this research is: to describe the science learning experience in terms of creative thinking and to describe the level of students' ability to think creatively using the SRBP model. This study used Design-Based Research (DBR) to investigate the efficacy of hands-on experiments in science learning, combining qualitative and quantitative research methods. Participants were Elementary School Teacher Education students who had taken science lessons, with a total of 105 students. We have developed and examined how this approach might direct creative educational activities. This study uses the Scientific Reading-Based Project (SRBP) conceptual framework. Data collection techniques include questionnaires, observations, interviews, and student portfolios. The results showed that students' learning experience from the creativity aspect increased with each cycle. The learning participants' responses were enjoyable, stimulating students to think creatively. Students performed better because they learned and recalled information through practical experiences. This research recommends applying an innovative learning model that incorporates the principles of discovery and observation, which can stimulate students to think creatively.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kartika Chrysti Suryandari, Wahyudi, Rokhmaniyah, M. Chamdani, Dewi Indrapangastuti, Murwani Dewi Wijayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Deep Learning through a STEM-Integrated Project-Based Learning Model for Enhancing Students’ Creativity
21st-century education demands that students not only master basic knowledge but also develop critical, creative, and problem-solving skills. These skills can be enhanced through Project-Based Learning (PjBL) integrated with STEM within a deep learning framework. This qualitative case study involved 11th-grade students at SMAN 1 Simpang Tiga, using observations, interviews, and project document analysis, with data analyzed via the Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The findings reveal that STEM-integrated PjBL creates an open, contextual learning environment that encourages active idea exploration, diverse perspectives, and interdisciplinary projects combining science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, leading to deep problem-solving. The model also fosters greater student enthusiasm and emotional engagement throughout the learning process. This study suggests that integrating PjBL-STEM in deep learning effectively builds a collaborative, reflective, and creative learning culture. Additionally, it highlights the crucial role of teachers as facilitators who design authentic, meaningful learning experiences that stimulate student creativity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilyas, Mulia Rahmi, Muchsin, Safrijal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Need for Developing Palm Oil Industry–Based Augmented Reality Media to Improve Energy Literacy and Physics Concept Understanding in Vocational Schools
This study aims to analyze the need for the development of augmented reality (AR)-based learning media in the context of the palm oil industry to improve students' energy literacy and understanding of physics concepts at vocational high schools. The study used a survey method with a descriptive quantitative approach. The research subjects consisted of 62 tenth-grade students at the Sembawa State Agricultural Vocational High School, who were selected using purposive sampling. The research instrument was a five-point Likert scale questionnaire that had been tested for content validity using Aiken's V index and for reliability using Cronbach's Alpha. The results showed that students had a high interest in learning physics, but their understanding of concepts and energy literacy was still in the moderate category. In addition, the learning media used were not yet able to optimally visualize physics processes in the context of the palm oil industry. These findings indicate the need to develop contextual, interactive, and relevant AR-based physics learning media for vocational education. This research provides practical implications in the form of recommendations for the design specifications of palm oil industry–based AR media.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erazando Alfa Seira, Apit Fathurohman, Hamdi Akhsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of the STEM-Based 5E Learning Cycle Model on Science Literacy and Learning Outcomes of Elementary Teacher Education Students
This study examines the effect of the STEM-based 5E Learning Cycle model on science literacy and learning outcomes of preservice elementary teachers. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was employed involving 29 first-semester students in an Elementary Teacher Education program. The intervention was implemented through STEM-integrated learning activities using hydraulic media across the five phases of the 5E learning cycle. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, normalized gain (N-gain), and effect size analysis. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ science literacy, with mean scores increasing from 63.45 to 91.72 (p < 0.001). The average N-gain value of 0.7817 indicated a high level of learning improvement, while the effect size analysis revealed a very large effect (Cohen’s d = 2.619). Qualitative findings supported the quantitative results, indicating that hands-on inquiry, structured exploration, and contextual STEM tasks enhanced students’ conceptual understanding and scientific reasoning. In conclusion, the STEM-based 5E Learning Cycle model is effective in improving science literacy and learning outcomes among preservice elementary teachers and holds strong potential for broader application in teacher education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rangga Gustiawan Nazara, Fery Muhamad Firdaus, Octavian Muning Sayekti, Panji Hidayat, Waode Sitti Fatimah, Zeni Dwi Adiningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Science Process Skills, Perceptions, and Learning Outcomes in the Implementation of Ethnoscience-Based Student Worksheets on the Nature of Physics and Scientific Methods
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Ethnoscience-Based Student Worksheets (EbSWs) on the subject matter of the nature of physics and the scientific method. The research subjects were 10th-grade students at SMAK Sint Carolus Penfui. This is a descriptive quantitative study using tests to measure cognitive learning outcomes and Science Process Skills (SPS), while questionnaires were used to measure student perceptions (attitudes, skills, and knowledge). The results showed that EbSW were effective in optimizing students' SPS, with an overall average score of 83.90 (very skilled) and a high consistency of results (standard deviation/SD = 3.61). Student perceptions were very positive, with knowledge (average 83.7) and attitude (average 82.1) aspects categorized as very good. SPS perception results (average 77.9) were categorized as good and showed an increase in higher-level cognitive skills. Cognitive learning outcomes showed a level of mastery (mean = 80.67) with a cognitive SD of 19.07, indicating a gap in mastery of the material among students, especially in higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). Overall, EbSW are effective for understanding basic concepts and developing SPS evenly but need to be improved to address varying levels of HOTS mastery.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alfons Bunga Naen, Theresia Wariani, Vinsensia H. B. Hayon, Maria Ursula Jawa Mukin, Maria Lia Felizarda Freitas, Hironimus Tangi, Yanti Rosinda Tinenti, Ilidio Ximenes Moreira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Health Education in Increasing Physical Activity and Diet for Diabetes Mellitus Management at Tambak Wedi Baru Community Health Center, Surabaya
This study analyzed the relationship between physical activity, diet, and blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus at the Tambak Wedi Baru Community Health Center, Surabaya, from February to May 2025. The study design used was a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 72 respondents aged 20 to 71 years, who were selected randomly. Univariate analysis focused on a single variable through descriptive statistics, presenting data as numbers, ratios, percentages, or prevalence. Bivariate analysis examined the relationship between two variables using non-parametric statistics, such as the Spearman test, to explore associations between diet, physical activity, and blood sugar levels. Findings revealed significant relationships between physical activity and diet and blood sugar levels (ρ = 0.007; ρ = 0.000). Good physical activity (>1500 MET-min) was associated with normal blood sugar levels, while low physical activity (<600 MET-min) was associated with abnormal blood sugar levels. On the other hand, poor diet (<650 calories) also contributed to high blood sugar levels. This study highlights the importance of multidisciplinary interventions to increase physical activity and healthy eating patterns for the effective management of diabetes mellitus.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iis Fatimawati, Hanum Maulina, Diyah Arini, Dwi Ernawati, Astrida Budiarti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of Sweet Fennel Administration on Increasing Breast Milk Production in Breastfeeding Mothers
Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months is crucial for infant growth and health. However, various studies have shown that a considerable number of mothers experience inadequate breast milk production. One non-pharmacological approach to address this issue is the use of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), which contains anethole with estrogenic and galactagogue properties that can stimulate the hormones prolactin and oxytocin. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fennel tea in increasing breast milk production. An experimental design with a paired sample t-test was employed. Breast milk volume and prolactin hormone levels were measured before fennel tea administration (pre-test) and after four weeks of fennel consumption (post-test). The study sample consisted of five breastfeeding mothers aged 2–21 days postpartum, selected through accidental sampling. The paired sample t-test results showed a statistically significant increase in breast milk volume (t = -53.733, p < 0.001) and prolactin levels (t = -3.079, p < 0.037). These findings provide scientific evidence supporting the use of fennel as a natural galactagogue to enhance breast milk production through hormonal and physiological mechanisms. It can be concluded that fennel tea significantly increases breast milk volume and prolactin hormone levels in breastfeeding mothers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Setia Sihombing, Ucy Tryaningsih, Tri Suci Dewiwati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Grade 10 High School Students’ Understanding of Renewable Energy Concepts Using the ANATES Application
The purpose of this study is to evaluate how high school grade X students understand the concepts of renewable energy using the ANATES tool. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a sample of 60 students from two Grade X classes at SMAS Darul Falah Pagutan Mataram. The instrument used was in the form of 20 multiple-choice questions developed based on indicators of understanding renewable energy concepts. The test results were analyzed using ANATES to measure the level of conceptual understanding, the level of difficulty, and the discriminating power. The results showed that 25% of students were in the medium understanding category, 46.7% were in the very low category, and 28.3% were in the low category. Most of the questions were in the medium difficulty category (45%) and had varying discriminating power, with 50% classified as good, 5% as sufficient, and 45% as poor. This study recommends the need to improve learning strategies that emphasize an inquiry-based approach, the contextual integration of ESD (Education for Sustainable Development), and the use of evaluation tools that can provide informative feedback to enhance students' conceptual understanding of renewable energy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Munib, Wahab Jufri, Agus Abhi Purwoko, Muh. Makhrus, Joni Rokhmat, AA Sukarso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of RBL–STEM Learning Materials to Foster Students’ Creativity in Eco-Friendly Technological Innovation: Transforming Used Cardboard into an Electric Broom
This study focuses on the development of RBL–STEM learning materials that integrate research-based learning and STEM principles to foster students’ creativity through an eco-friendly technological innovation project, specifically the transformation of used cardboard into a functional electric broom. The development used the ADDIE development model, which consists of the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation, and this study produced a set of comprehensive learning materials, including instructional modules, student worksheets, project media, and creativity assessment instruments. Expert validation confirmed that the developed materials were valid, while responses from teachers and students indicated a high level of practicality. Empirical implementation demonstrated a moderate improvement in students’ learning outcomes, as reflected by an average N-gain score of 0.5617, and evidenced the students’ ability to generate creative and functional electric broom prototypes. These findings contribute to the field of science education by providing an empirically validated RBL–STEM learning framework that promotes creativity through sustainable technological innovation at the elementary school level. The significance of the study is reflected in its contribution to enhancing students’ creativity, strengthening their understanding of scientific concepts, and fostering environmental awareness through research- and engineering-oriented learning experiences. The developed RBL–STEM learning materials were empirically demonstrated to be feasible and effective in supporting innovative science instruction at the elementary school level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aning Setianingsih, Rina Sugiarti Dwi Gita, Eges Triwahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gendered Participation in Elementary Science Learning: Understanding Stereotypes and Lived Experiences
In many elementary classrooms, boys and girls often engage in natural science in different ways. This study explores how students, teachers, and parents perceive these differences in South Klaten, Klaten, Central Java through a qualitative phenomenological approach. Data were gathered through interviews, participant observation, and student journals involving 30 students, 10 teachers, and 10 parents. The findings show the common view that girls tend to prefer biological topics that involve patience and verbal explanation, while boys are more drawn to experiments and physical science tasks. Thematic analysis identified three key points: differences in the understanding of science concepts based on gender, the influence of gender stereotypes on motivation and participation, and the role of the social and cultural environment in shaping students’ views of science. The study concludes that perceived gaps in science learning reflect social construction rather than innate ability and encourages classroom strategies that reduce stereotype reinforcement and expand opportunities for participation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitria Khusnul Khotimah, Welius Purbonuswanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Goniodes dissimilis Denny, 1842 (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from Domestic Chickens on Seram Island
Goniodes dissimilis (Denny, 1842) is one of the chewing lice (Ischnocera: Phthiraptera) that commonly infests native chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). The aims of this study were to describe the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of G. dissimilis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sampling of Goniodes dissimilis was conducted in Seruawan, Hatusua, and Kamarian villages on Seram Island. SEM preparation was carried out through 2.5% glutaraldehyde fixation, 0.25 M phosphate buffer post-fixation, multistage dehydration, critical-point drying, mounting on stubs, and gold coating before being observed at various magnifications. SEM results showed that G. dissimilis from Seram Island has ultrastructural characteristics, such as the head is circumfasciate with a rounded anterior margin, a complete band on the marginal carina, a pulvinus surrounding the ventral carina, and no hyaline margin. The eyes appear reduced with long ocular setae, while the temporal region has five marginal setae, with setae numbered 2 and 3 presents. The antennae are sexually dimorphic, consisting of a scape, pedicle, and three flagellomeres. In this study, we collected only females of G. dissimilis, and the first flagellomer shows no radial grooves in the sensilla placodea. The thorax shows a pteronotum with several long spines, while the abdomen shows medially separated tergums II–VIII, spiracles on tergums III and VIII, and a thin, membranous sternal plate. The SEM results also show that the female G. dissimilis has terminalia displaying a dorsal plate connected with tergopleurites and a vulva lined with fine setae. This finding represents the first ultrastructural record of the G. dissimilis population on Seram Island, thereby enriching the morphological diversity and distribution data of chewing lice in the Maluku region.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Nindatu, Rony Marsyal Kunda, Mery Pattipeilohy, Yofian Anaktototy, Ventia Cika Tanikwele, Adriana Hakapaa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lecturer Performance Prediction Based on Student Evaluation Data Using a Hybrid K-Means and Random Forest Model
Using a quantitative correlational design, this predictive research was based on secondary EDOM data. The first episode of the school year 2024/2025 served as the data collection period. The target population of this research are the lecturer subjected to students’ evaluations from Universitas Al-Irsyad Cilacap. After processing the data and cleaning and aggregating, a total of 594 records of the lecturer were analyzed with a census technique. K-Means was used to detect the presence of latent patterns of performance in the teaching, professional, personality and social dimensions of the lecturer. The Random Forest model was used to predict the performance category of the lecturer from both the baseline and hybrid models. The results of the study showed that the hybrid models were able to predict with a high measure of accuracy, and of the two, the hybrid model was the most robust when compared to the baseline model with a manual high-defined grouping of performance levels. The baseline model was able to completely and perfectly classify the group, the hybrid model with high performance was able to analyze the data in a general way, revealing a structure of performance that was hidden in the data. This means that, there is greater analytical value to the data. This analysis of EDOM data is of high analytical value. The developing of the hybrid model of lecturer performance analysis provides a positive contribution in data-driven quality assurance and decision-making to higher education. Objectives were met.
Copyright (c) 2026 Heri Subangkit Subangkit, Taqwa Hariguna Taqqa, Dhanar Intan Surya Saputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Problem-Based Learning Mathematics Modules: Their Impact on Students’ Mathematical Problem-Solving Performance
This research aims to develop a mathematics teaching module based on the Problem-Based Learning model to improve the mathematical problem-solving abilities of eleventh-grade students. Using the Plomp development model, the research was conducted through the initial investigation, prototyping, and assessment stages. The module was validated by experts in mathematics education, language, and educational technology, resulting in an average validity score of 3.56 (categorized as "Very Valid"). Practicality evaluation through classroom implementation over four meetings showed excellent practicality with an average implementation rate of 93%, while student response questionnaires revealed consistently positive feedback across all measured aspects. Effectiveness testing with 34 students showed that 73.52% achieved scores above the minimum completeness criteria, exceeding the established effectiveness threshold of 60%. This module specifically improved students' abilities in understanding problems (87.6%) and planning solutions (85.3%). Research results confirm that the developed module is valid, practical, and effective in improving mathematical problem-solving skills. This research provides educators with a structured and contextual approach to mathematics teaching that bridges theoretical concepts with real-world applications, addressing Indonesia's historical challenges in mathematics education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mutiara Pertiwi, Yerizon, Ali Asmar, Yarman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Latent Profile Analysis of Student Engagement in STEM-Integrated Calculus Education for Character Development and Academic Achievement: A Study Toward SDG 4 in Indonesian Higher Education
This study employed Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to investigate engagement patterns among Indonesian university students (N = 81) in a calculus course integrated with STEM through engineering case studies and digital tools. A cross-sectional design using a multidimensional engagement questionnaire identified three distinct profiles: Highly Engaged Digital Learners (22.20%), Minimally Engaged Learners (3.70%), and Moderately Engaged Learners Requiring Support (74.10%). ANOVA results revealed that Highly Engaged Digital Learners achieved significantly superior calculus performance (mean score = 89.70) compared to other profiles (mean difference = 17.30 points, p < 0.001). MANOVA further indicated that this group demonstrated substantially greater development of character virtues, including perseverance, intellectual honesty, and collaborative ethics (all p < 0.001). The findings confirm that STEM-integrated calculus education, when effectively engaging students, serves a dual pedagogical function, simultaneously advancing technical competencies and ethical reasoning. This highlights its transformative potential in fostering holistically developed professionals, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education). Strategic educational responses should include early engagement profiling and targeted support to maximize these benefits.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deby Erdriani, Zelhendri Zen, Fetri Yeni, Mahdalena Prihatin Ningsih, Ega Harna B, Firmawati, Helmiyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Red Ginger as a Potential SDG-3 Herbal Therapy: Molecular and Flow Cytometry Evaluation of CD4, CD8, and CD62L Lymphocyte Modulation in PCOS-Induced Rattus norvegicus
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine disorder associated with hyperandrogenism, inflammation, and immune system dysfunction. Elevated levels of testosterone are known to affect lymphocyte profiles and contribute to the inflammatory processes in PCOS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) on lymphocyte subpopulations in a testosterone-induced PCOS rat model. This experimental study involved 30 female Rattus norvegicus divided randomly into five groups: a normal control, a PCOS control (testosterone-induced without treatment), and three PCOS treatment groups receiving different doses of red ginger extract. PCOS induction was done using testosterone propionate. Following the treatment period, lymphocyte subpopulation analysis was performed using flow cytometry based on the CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and CD62L⁺ surface markers. The results indicated significant differences in the expression of CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and CD62L⁺ among all red ginger treatment groups compared to the PCOS control group (p < 0.05), suggesting an immunomodulatory effect of red ginger. In conclusion, the administration of red ginger extract was able to modulate the lymphocyte subpopulation profile in the PCOS model, potentially contributing to controlling immune responses associated with hyperandrogenism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Mudrikatin, Hany Puspita Aryani, Risha Setyowati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Callus Induction of Javanese Endemic Tectona grandis f. abludens
Callus induction in kluwih teak wood represents a crucial stage of indirect plant propagation through somatic embryogenesis. This study aims to examine the effect of a combination of 2,4-D and kinetin on callus induction from three propagule types: leaf, petiole, and stem derived from in vitro culture. A completely randomized factorial design was applied with two factors: propagule type and medium formulation. The medium consisted of 2,4-D and kinetin combinations at concentrations of 0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 mg/L. Variables observed included propagules survival, percentage of callus formation, initiation time, proportion of propagules forming callus, texture, color, and fresh weight of callus. Significant interactions between explant type and medium formulation were observed for the percentage of callus formation, initiation time, and callus color. In contrast, the survival rate, proportion of callus-forming explants, and callus fresh weight were influenced by single factors. Leaf explants cultured in a medium containing 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D plus 0.5 mg/L kinetin achieved the highest callus formation rate and the fastest initiation, producing friable callus with a yellowish-white appearance, so that the combination was identified as the most effective treatment for in vitro callus induction of kluwih teak wood.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siska Noer Avifah, Arum Sekar Wulandari, Ika Roostika, Yusuf Sigit Ahmad Fauzan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
When Learning Processes Fail Novices: Technology Acceptance Through Mediation-Moderation Analysis in High School AI-Coding Education
This study examines an expanded Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to evaluate the implementation of an AI and coding curriculum in high schools. Specifically, it integrates Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use into Student Motivation as a mediator to analyze the relationship between Learning Processes and Learning Outcomes, moderated by Prior Coding Experience. Using an explanatory quantitative design, data were collected from 114 students at HelloMotion High School, a benchmarking school for national curriculum piloting. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) revealed three critical findings. First, the learning process positively predicts learning outcomes (β = 0.244, p = 0.005). Second, student motivation functions as a significant partial mediator (indirect effect: β = 0.361, p < 0.001, which is stronger than the direct effect), confirming that the direct impact of pedagogy remains significant alongside psychological factors. Third, while the formal moderation of coding experience was statistically nonsignificant (p = 0.321), exploratory multi-group analysis showed that the learning process significantly impacted students with basic experience (p = 0.026) but failed to significantly impact complete novices (p = 0.160). These findings suggest that a "one-size-fits-all" curriculum is insufficient, highlighting the urgency for differentiated instructional strategies to support novice learners in national policy implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bagus Sulasmono, Yuliana Friska, Hendro Prasetyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Using PhET Simulation in E-Modules on Students' Learning Outcomes in Electromagnetism
This study aims to determine the effect of using PhET (Physics Education Technology) simulations on e-modules covering electric and magnetic materials on the learning outcomes of students at SMA N 2 Muhammadiyah in the 2023/2024 academic year. The type of research used is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The population of this study is all students in grade XII of SMA N 2 Muhammadiyah, with a total of 90 participants. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling, and grade XII was selected as the class to be tested. Grade XII was taught using the direct learning model with the PhET (Physics Education Technology) simulation media. After obtaining the final test results for the class, which were homogeneous and normally distributed, the research hypothesis was tested using a paired-sample test with a significance level of 5% and obtained a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000, so it can be said that the Sig. value is < 0.05. Based on the results, it can be concluded that there is an effect of using PhET (Physics Education Technology) simulation media on students' physics learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hamdi Akhsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Implementation of the Integrated Ethnoscience Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model in NTT Ikat Weaving Dyeing for High School Chemistry Learning
This study aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model integrated with ethnoscience in NTT Ikat Weaving dyeing in Chemistry learning at high schools, including its impact, critical challenges, and strategies for strengthening the competencies of teachers and students. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach. The research subjects consisted of Chemistry teachers as model implementers and 11th-grade students involved in the learning project. The main research instruments used included observation sheets on the implementation of PjBL focusing on teacher performance, teacher questionnaires, student questionnaires, in-depth interviews with teachers, and in-depth interviews with students. The results show that the implementation of this model was very good (above 82%) in terms of PjBL syntax and ethnoscience integration, providing a significant positive impact in the form of increased motivation, student involvement, and teacher self-efficacy, as well as an increase in the understanding of contextual chemistry concepts. However, the implementation faced critical challenges, particularly in terms of logistical constraints and rigid curriculum time allocation, as well as weaknesses in teacher assessment instruments and criteria (Column 3 criteria were rated the lowest, x̄ = 3.27). For sustainability, a strategy to strengthen teacher competencies is needed through research collaboration with local artisans and institutional support in providing logistics and adjusting curriculum time allocation. Overall, integrated PjBL ethnoscience has proven to be effective and transformative, but its optimization is highly dependent on strong systemic support.
Copyright (c) 2026 Visensia H. B. Hayon, Theresia Wariani, Yanti Rosinda Tinenti, Alfons Bunga Naen, Hironimus Tangi, Florentina Yasinta Sepe, Ana Maria Derosari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Advancing SDG 4: Enhancing Students’ Science Numeracy in Fluid Concepts through the RODE Model
This study examines the application of the RODE (Read, Outline, Discussion, Evaluation) learning approach to improve pre-service teachers' science numeracy skills, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education). A quantitative study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted with 37 PGSD FKIP UBT students. The assessment of scientific numeracy was conducted via a written examination featuring five distinct indicators related to fluid concepts. Given the non-normal distribution of the data (p < 0.05), the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was utilized. The results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in skills post-intervention (p < 0.001), with the mean score increasing from 45.57 to 68.94. The computed N-gain score of 0.43 indicates a moderate enhancement in numeracy proficiency. The data indicate a positive trend across all measures; however, the one-group design suggests that these gains should be viewed as indicative improvements within the cohort rather than conclusive evidence of the RODE model's sole causality, as external factors were not controlled. In conclusion, the RODE model is an effective pedagogical framework for enhancing foundational numeracy skills in prospective educators, therefore supporting the formulation of sustainable teaching practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arief Ertha Kusuma, Suciati, Degi Alrinda Agustina, Nurul Mazidah, Pradini Agustina, Rusmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Differentiated Learning in Science Subject in Grade V of SD Negeri 03 Geragahan
The diversity of student characteristics is a challenge for educators in the learning process. Therefore, the ability of teachers to accommodate these differences is a key factor in creating effective and meaningful learning. Differentiated learning has emerged as an adaptive and meaningful approach. Differentiated learning has emerged as an adaptive approach designed to optimally meet students' learning needs. This study aims to describe the implementation of differentiated learning in science subjects in class V of SD Negeri 03 Garagarhan, focusing on three main aspects, namely planning, implementation, and learning assessment. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation with instruments in the form of interview guidelines, observation guides, and documentation. Data analysis techniques were carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The implementation of differentiated learning in science subjects in class V of SD Negeri 03 Geragahan has been carried out in a structured and collaborative manner. Planning involves teachers, principals, and parents by considering the learning needs of students from academic and socio-cultural aspects. The implementation begins with a diagnostic assessment and is outlined in a teaching module that adjusts the learning method, media, and environment. Assessment is carried out in a sustainable and adaptive manner. However, this process still faces obstacles such as time constraints, as well as the potential for social jealousy between students. Nevertheless, the school still shows a commitment to realizing inclusive and student-centered learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rudi Harianto, Rayendra, Alwen Bentri, Zuwirna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Rhizophora apiculata Kombucha Fermented Beverage: Secondary Metabolite Content and Antioxidant Activity
Kombucha is a functional beverage produced by the fermentation of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). This fermented beverage contains various bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential. Rhizophora apiculata is a mangrove plant that contains bioactive compounds with rich health benefits. Based on this, modifying kombucha fermentation with a mangrove leaf tea substrate can increase kombucha's effectiveness as an antioxidant. This study aims to analyze the secondary metabolite content profile and antioxidant activity of R. apiculata kombucha. Kombucha fermentation was carried out for seven days with a 10% sugar concentration. Analysis of the secondary metabolite content profile of R. apiculata kombucha was carried out using GC–MS analysis. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay. The results showed a decrease in pH during the fermentation period and an increase in total acidity. The results of GC–MS analysis of R. apiculata kombucha showed 23 secondary metabolite compounds with varying retention times, area sizes, and chemical structures. The composition of the identified compounds was dominated by acetic acid (26.9%), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF, 12.38%), N′-(diaminomethylidene) butanehydrazide (7.68%), 1,2,3-propanetriol, 1-acetate (6.91%), and methyl α-D-rhamnopyranoside (5.12%). R. apiculata kombucha has the potential to act as an antioxidant, with an IC₅₀ value of 27.16 ppm, which is classified as a very strong antioxidant.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agustina Monalisa Tangapo, Susan Marlein Mambu, Parluhutan Siahaan, Erika Kolompoy, Marsia Pasassa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Agroforestry Landscape Patterns and Carbon Storage towards Optimal Land Planning and Utilization in Sipolha Horisan Village, Pamatang Sidamanik District, Simalungun Regency
Land conversion due to the increasing population growth rate for various interests has impacted forest land, and deforestation has become a global problem. One step that can be taken in regional planning to utilize and manage forest resources based on the landscape is to develop an agroforestry system. Agroforestry is a method of land management that combines (mixed use) forest plants with agricultural crops or livestock farming within a single area. One area that utilizes land through an agroforestry system is Sipolha Horisan Village, Pamatang Sidamanik District, Simalungun Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the plant species’ composition and agroforestry landscape pattern in Sipolha Horisan Village. The results showed that the agroforestry system practiced by farmers was agrisilvicultural agroforestry, with a random pattern. Carbon storage potential is influenced by plant growth rates. At the tree level, the biomass was 313.18 tons/ha and carbon stocks were 144.06 tons/ha. For understory plants, the biomass was 19.89 tons/ha and carbon stocks were 9.15 tons/ha. The litter produced 39.77 tons/ha of biomass and carbon stocks were 18.29 tons/ha.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Astuti, Tioner Purba, Athoriq Hafiz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Eco-Pedagogy in Inclusive Schools: Food Security as a Foundation for Sustainable Education
This study examines how food security can serve as a pedagogical foundation for advancing eco-pedagogy in inclusive elementary education across two contrasting contexts: a nature-based private school and an Islamic elementary madrasa. Using a multi-site qualitative design, it applies participatory ethnographic methods through observations, semi-structured interviews, and school ethnography involving teachers, parents, leaders, and students, including those with special needs. The nature-based school operationalizes eco-pedagogy through hydroponics, organic waste management, and gardening, fostering ecological literacy, collaboration, and shared responsibility. The madrasa frames food security within Islamic commitments to justice, positioning it as both a goal of eco-activism and an expression of religiously grounded social responsibility. Together, these cases show that eco-pedagogy in the Global South extends beyond secular environmentalism and is enriched by faith-based ethics and community practices. The study concludes that embedding food security within inclusive school management broadens eco-pedagogy by situating sustainability education in diverse cultural and religious ecologies, highlighting inclusive schools as effective models of sustainable and socially just education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurhattati, Rihlah Nur Aulia, Ahmad Jauhari Hamid Ripki, Raihan Syarif, Fadhillah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing RBL-STEM Learning Kits Using Recycled Plastic Bottles as Electroscopes to Enhance Students’ Climate Change Literacy
This study aims to develop RBL-STEM (Research-Based Learning–Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) learning kits that utilize recycled plastic bottles as electroscopes to improve climate change literacy among junior high school students. The research follows the ADDIE model, encompassing the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Initial analysis revealed that students' climate change literacy remained low, laboratory facilities are limited, and science education tends to be overly theoretical. The developed kits consisted of lesson plans (RPP), teaching modules, experimental worksheets (LKPD), electroscope prototypes, and evaluation instruments. Expert validation confirmed that the kits are “highly feasible.” Implementation involving 70 students showed a significant improvement in climate change literacy, with average scores rising from 66.61 in the pretest to 82.19 in the posttest. A paired-sample t-test yielded a significance value of 0.000, indicating that the kits are effective in enhancing students’ understanding. Furthermore, observations of the learning process and feedback from both teachers and students fell into the “excellent” category. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of RBL-STEM with electroscope experiments made from recycled materials, directly addressing environmental issues. Overall, these learning kits have proven to be valid, practical, and effective, contributing to stronger climate change literacy and the application of sustainable science education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moh. Samsul Arifin, Rina Sugiarti Dwi Gita, Eges Triwahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Waste Management Integration within the GPBLHS Framework in Grade XI Chemistry Curriculum
Environmental Education (EE) is interdisciplinary and contextual because it connects natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities to build a holistic understanding of environmental issues. This approach enables students to connect academic concepts with real-world phenomena in the school and community, making learning more meaningful and applicable. This study aims to analyze the integration of waste management within the School Environmental Care and Culture Movement (GPBLHS) into Chemistry learning for Grade 11 students at SMA Pembangunan Laboratorium UNP, in terms of the implementation process, challenges, support from the school's physical condition, and its impact on students' environmental awareness and behavior. The study uses a multidisciplinary mixed-methods approach. The study uses quantitative data as the primary approach, supported by qualitative data. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires, observations, interviews, and document analysis, then analyzed using descriptive statistics, linear regression, and thematic analysis. The results showed that waste management integration has been implemented through contextual learning but has not been systematically integrated into the curriculum. Key challenges include limited teacher understanding, minimal training, and suboptimal utilization of infrastructure. This integration has had a positive impact on increasing students' awareness and tendency to care for the environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indri Gus Permata Sari, Nurhasan Syah, Aulia Azhar, Ratna Wilis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Animated Picture Media to Improve Early Reading Skills in First-Grade Elementary School Students
Early reading skills serve as the primary foundation for literacy mastery among elementary school students. However, many first-grade students still face difficulties in recognizing letters, forming syllables, and reading simple words. Therefore, it is necessary to develop engaging and interactive learning media. This study aims to develop animated picture media to improve early reading skills in Indonesian language learning for first-grade elementary school students. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects were first-grade students at SD Negeri 05 Batu Taba, with validation conducted by material experts, media experts, and language experts. Data were collected through validation questionnaires, practicality observations, and reading ability tests (pretest and posttest). The results showed that the developed animated picture media achieved a validity level of 91% (very valid), practicality of 94.6% (very practical), and high effectiveness with an N-Gain score of 0.70. These findings indicate that the animated picture media are effective in improving early reading skills while also enhancing students’ learning motivation through enjoyable and interactive learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ridhani, Zelhendri Zen, Darmansyah, Zuwirna, Rayendra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Needs Analysis for a Deep Learning-Based Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model in Primary School IPAS Subjects
The modern curriculum necessitates a fundamental shift in IPAS instruction from rote memorization to deep learning of concepts; however, field implementation often remains superficial. Furthermore, while the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model is effective, teachers frequently encounter constraints in designing contextual scenarios that ensure that deep learning occurs. Consequently, this research aims to analyze the specific necessities for developing a PBL model based on deep learning for primary school IPAS subjects. This qualitative descriptive study involved 32 teachers and 171 Grade 4 students at primary schools, utilizing comprehensive questionnaires to assess needs across cognitive, pedagogical, technical, socio-cultural, and evaluative dimensions. The analysis reveals that all surveyed aspects fall into the “High Need” category. Specifically, teachers prioritized evaluation (97.75%) and pedagogical (93.35%) aspects, highlighting a critical demand for increased competence in authentic assessment and innovative strategies. Similarly, students indicated urgent needs in evaluative (97.07%) and technical (94.38%) domains. These findings confirm a significant gap in current instructional practices. It is concluded that developing a PBL–Deep Learning model that integrates local socio-cultural contexts with authentic, supportive evaluation instruments is essential to enhance students' conceptual mastery and facilitate effective teaching.
Copyright (c) 2026 Berty Yustiani, Umi Chotimah, Makmum Raharjo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cucumber-Peanut Intercropping: The Effects on Vegetative Growth and Yield Productivity
Intercropping is acknowledged as an effective agricultural intensification strategy for limited land. Planting time is an important factor in intercropping systems because it may intensify canopy overlap and shading, particularly because both crops rely on the C3 photosynthetic pathway, potentially reducing growth and yield. This study examined the effect of different planting times for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The study was conducted from October 2023 to February 2024 with a one-factor randomized block design. Five treatments were applied: simultaneous planting and cucumber planting at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after peanuts, each replicated five times. Several data were analyzed using analysis of variance (F-test), followed by Tukey’s HSD test at the 5% significance level. This study confirms that differences in planting time between cucumbers and peanuts significantly affect soil macronutrient dynamics, growth and production, and land use efficiency. Soil macronutrient analysis showed that simultaneous planting (P1) resulted the highest soil nitrogen increase (0.38%). However, this treatment also caused a reduction in phosphorus to 15.15 mg per 100 g of soil and potassium to 13.48 mg per 100 g of soil. In contrast, excessive delay (P5) caused nitrogen to drop to 0.11% and phosphorus to decline to 14.19 mg per 100 g soil, despite potassium remaining relatively high (17.87 mg per 100 g of soil). Simultaneous planting produced the highest vegetative growth of cucumber, with an average of 40.68 leaves per plant, the greatest fruit length (22.16 cm), individual fruit weight (414.55 g), and total fruit weight per plant (2498.39 g). Delaying cucumber planting resulted in the lowest value of 828.45 g in P5. The highest pod weight was recorded in P1 at 62.46 g per plant. In contrast, planting cucumbers one week after peanuts (P2) resulted in the lowest peanut yield, at only 47.14 g per plant. All treatments achieved LER values greater than 1, confirming the superiority of intercropping over monoculture. The highest LER was obtained in P1 (1.61). In conclusion, simultaneous planting of cucumbers and peanuts provides the most optimal balance between soil nutrient utilization, crop growth, yield, and land use efficiency. Therefore, synchronized planting time is a key management strategy for improving productivity and sustainability in cucumber–peanut intercropping systems under limited land conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mardhiana, Eko Hary Pudjiwati, Nurul Chairiyah, Junarius bin Yakobus, Muh. Adiwena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Green Chemistry E-Module Integrated with Ethno-STEAM for Enhancing Senior High School Students’ Environmental Conservation Skills
This study developed and validated an Ethno-STEAM integrated e-module to enhance students’ conservation skills using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Data were collected through observations, interviews, and questionnaires. Expert validation results showed average scores of 4.6 for content, 4.875 for design, and 4.5 for practitioners, categorized as “very good” (interval 4.21–5.00). These findings confirm the feasibility of the e-module in terms of content quality, presentation, language, and design without significant revisions. Implementation results demonstrated notable improvements in students’ science literacy. Prior to the intervention, students were distributed at level 1 (23.40%), level 2 (50%), and level 3 (26.60%), with no students reaching levels 4 or 5. After implementation, the distribution shifted to level 1 (7.40%), level 2 (10%), level 3 (40%), level 4 (36.70%), and level 5 (5.90%). The novelty of this research lies in integrating Ethno-STEAM with local wisdom, which not only improves science literacy but also fosters conservation values such as appreciation, pride, and care for local culture. The e-module is therefore recommended as an effective, scientific, and character-oriented medium for chemistry learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Epinur, Fuldiaratman, Nelyahardi, Hendra, Minarni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Implementation of a Deep Learning Approach Using QR Code–Based Learning Media to Enhance High School Students’ Academic Performance in Kinematics
Educators and schools might seek the availability of adequate learning resources. The learning resources for kinematics at SMAN 1 Bawang are limited in quantity and diversity. Previous observations indicated that most students relied on rote memorization of formulas, which led to difficulties when applying them to problems. Consequently, the author is motivated to investigate the application of the Deep Learning Approach utilizing QR Code learning media, aiming to assess the enhancement of high school students’ learning outcomes in kinematics who engaged with this method, as well as to compare the improvement in learning outcomes between the experimental and control classes. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group. The research population comprised students at SMA Negeri 1 Bawang, with the sample consisting of students from grades XI VI and XI VII. The sampling technique employed was cluster random sampling. The instruments utilised were assessments and surveys to evaluate learning outcomes and student feedback. The statistical test yielded a significant value. The two-tailed p-value of <0.05, specifically 0.00, indicates the rejection of H₀. Consequently, it is concluded that a difference exists in the learning outcomes of kinematics material between pretest and posttest scores in the experimental class, which utilised a deep learning approach with QR code media. The data reveal an improvement from a pretest score of 47.37 to a posttest score of 77.73, reflecting a 30.36% increase. The implementation of a deep learning strategy utilising QR code media demonstrates a significant enhancement in learning outcomes relative to traditional classroom instruction. The research suggests creating an interactive digital module that combines printed materials with actual experimental videos or virtual simulations, accessible via QR codes in each sub-chapter of the kinematics content.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lusiani, Dhion Meitreya Vidhiasi, Supriyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Structural Break Analysis and Price Transmission of Bulk Cooking Oil in the Indonesian Palm Oil Agribusiness System
Volatility in Indonesia’s bulk cooking oil market has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic, disrupting household consumption and threatening national food security. This study analyzes structural breaks in the price dynamics of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB), Crude Palm Oil (CPO), and bulk cooking oil, as well as asymmetric price transmission before and after key government interventions. Weekly data from 2020–2024 were examined using the Additive Outlier test, the NARDL model, the Hatemi-J asymmetric causality test, and the Wald test. The results reveal a significant structural break in April 2022, associated with the CPO export ban, DMO/DPO policies, and the implementation of a retail price ceiling (HET). Before the break, short-run price transmission was asymmetric but became symmetric in the long run. After the intervention, short-run transmission was symmetric, while long-run asymmetry persisted, indicating downward price rigidity and reduced market efficiency. These findings suggest that government intervention effectively stabilized short-term prices but created long-term structural distortions. Strengthening distribution efficiency, improving price transparency, and adopting more adaptive policies are essential to enhance market efficiency and economic food resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jihan Zhafira, ⁠Dedi Budiman Haki, Faroby Falatehan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of PBL and PjBL Models and Learning Motivation on Science Learning Outcomes
This study aims to analyze the influence of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning models and learning motivation on the science learning outcomes of class IX students at SMPN 1 Pacet. The study employed an experimental method with a 2×2 factorial design. The research sample consisted of two randomly selected classes, each with 30 students. The research instruments included a science learning achievement test and a learning motivation questionnaire, both of which had been tested for validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA after meeting the assumptions of normality and homogeneity. The results showed that the learning model significantly influenced science learning outcomes (Sig. = 0.000). Students learning using PjBL showed greater improvement in learning outcomes than those using PBL. Learning motivation also significantly influenced learning outcomes (Sig. = 0.000), with students learning through PjBL demonstrating higher learning outcomes than those learning through PBL. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between the learning model and learning motivation on science learning outcomes (Sig. = 0.016), indicating that the effectiveness of the learning model depends on students’ levels of learning motivation. In conclusion, these findings emphasize the importance of selecting an appropriate learning model and the need to consider motivational factors to optimize science learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aziziah, Rufi’i, Retno Danu Rusmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainable Management Strategies for Oil Palm Plantations Based on an Analysis of Environmental Degradation in Tualang District, Riau
Land-use conversion from forests to oil palm plantations in Tualang District, Siak Regency, has intensified environmental and settlement pressures, requiring systematic evaluation. This study aims to analyse the spatial dynamics of forest conversion, assess environmental and settlement impacts, and formulate sustainable management strategies. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating spatial analysis of Landsat and Sentinel imagery, field surveys, observations, and in-depth interviews. Spatial change analysis and SWOT analysis were applied to interpret land-use dynamics and management options. The results indicate that from 2015 to 2025, oil palm expansion increased markedly, with forest and peatland conversion accounting for more than one-quarter of the total area. These changes led to soil degradation, biodiversity loss, increased runoff, water contamination, and reduced community access to natural resources. The proposed strategies emphasize conserving ecological buffers, strengthening community monitoring capacity, enforcing land-use regulations, and promoting sustainable plantation practices. Overall, integrated spatial planning and community participation are essential to ensure environmentally sustainable oil palm development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nengsih Elfianti, Dedi Hermon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tourism Connectivity among Small Islands in the Formulation of a Sustainable Island Tourism Hub Concept in North Gorontalo
North Gorontalo Regency, characterized by its cluster of small islands, possesses significant potential for the development of marine and cultural tourism. However, limited accessibility, particularly in maritime transport, remains a major constraint. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, integrating spatial, environmental, tourism, and supply and demand analyses. Data were obtained through literature reviews, field surveys, and focus group discussions (FGDs) involving stakeholders. The analysis identifies Dudepo Island as having strategic advantages to serve as a sustainable tourism hub, supported by its geographical position, land carrying capacity, existing infrastructure, and potential for sustainable development. The application of the hub-and-spoke model is considered effective in enhancing inter-island connectivity, improving travel efficiency, and supporting the diversification of tourism products. The implementation of the Sustainable Island Tourism Hub concept is expected to strengthen local economic opportunities, promote environmental sustainability, and enhance community welfare.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Sartika T. Zees, Muh. Fakhri Jamaluddin , Moh Fadlun Lamusu , Abdul Talib Modaa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of STEM-Based Project-Based Learning in Enhancing Senior High School Students’ Scientific Literacy
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics)-based Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in improving senior high school students’ scientific literacy. This study employed a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group design and was conducted at SMA Negeri 5 Padangsidimpuan. The research involved two classes consisting of 35 students each: an experimental class taught using STEM-based PjBL and a control class taught using conventional learning. Scientific literacy was measured using an essay test, while students’ attitudes toward science were assessed through a questionnaire. The results of the independent samples t-test showed no significant difference in students’ initial abilities (sig. = 0.064 > 0.05). However, the post-test results indicated a significant difference between the two groups (sig. = 0.000 < 0.05), with the experimental class achieving a higher mean score. In addition, students’ attitudes toward science in the experimental class were categorized as good to very good. These findings indicate that STEM-based Project-Based Learning is effective in enhancing students’ scientific literacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ainun Mardiyah Lubis, Yus Mochamad Cholily, Rr. Eko Susetyarini, Elly Purwanti, Yulia Anita, Nor Mita Ika Saputri, Elisa, Dikmatul Qoimah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
How Sustainable is the Silk Weaving Agroindustry? Evidence from Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi, Using Multi-Dimensional Scaling
This study evaluates the sustainability level of the silk weaving agroindustry in Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi, using a Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) approach across four dimensions: economic, social, environmental, and resource based. Data were collected from 86 silk weaving agroindustry units through surveys and structured interviews. The results show that the overall sustainability status is classified as moderately sustainable, with sustainability index values of 72% (economic), 68% (resource), 64% (social), and 53% (environmental). The economic dimension demonstrates the strongest performance, reflecting relatively stable profitability and market accessibility, while the environmental dimension exhibits the lowest score, indicating weaknesses in waste management practices, the adoption of environmentally friendly materials, and environmental standards. These findings highlight environmental management as the main leverage point for improving overall sustainability. This study contributes to applied sustainability science by providing a quantitative, multidimensional assessment framework for traditional agroindustries and offers empirical evidence to support sustainability-oriented policy formulation and the strategic development of local silk weaving enterprises.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suratmi, Silvana Maulidah, Asihing Kustanti , Farida Rahayu, Anirut Pipatprapa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluating Tiered Facilitation as a Contextual Learning Approach for CPPOB Adoption in Food MSMEs
Ensuring compliance with Good Processed Food Production Practices (CPPOB) is a critical challenge for food MSMEs. This study evaluates a structured, tiered facilitation model—comprising socialization, technical guidance, and monitoring—to improve CPPOB adoption in Palembang. Using a quantitative pre–post intervention design, data were collected from 40 participants (owners and employees) via a validated Likert-scale instrument. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test revealed a significant increase in CPPOB implementation post-intervention, with Z = −5.553 and p = 0.000. Results showed no negative ranks, indicating uniform behavioral and operational improvement. The evaluation phase emerged as the most decisive factor, highlighting the importance of iterative feedback in internalizing food safety protocols. These findings provide empirical evidence on facilitation as a catalyst for organizational discipline. This study contributes to applied science by offering a scalable framework for food safety literacy, bridging the gap between theoretical hygiene standards and practical implementation in resource-constrained MSME clusters.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Ayu Ogari, Endang Lastinawati, Utan Sahiro Ritonga, Yetty Oktarina, Rita Novia Sari, Mukhlis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing an Ethnoscience-Based Snakes and Ladders Board Game to Enhance Gross Motor Skills and Independence in Children with Speech Impairments
This study aims to develop an ethnoscience-based snakes and ladders board game as a learning medium to improve integrated gross motor skills and independence of students with speech impairments at the junior high school (SMP) level in inclusive education settings. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which consists of the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Gross motor skills were defined as coordinated movement abilities involving balance, body control, and dynamic coordination relevant to adolescents with speech impairments, while independence was defined as the ability of self-regulation, decision-making, task completion, and responsibility in learning activities. The research subjects were 15 seventh-grade students with speech impairments at SLB Negeri 1 Bantul, Yogyakarta. Data were collected through observation sheets, expert validation questionnaires, and assessment instruments for gross motor skills and independence. The validation results indicated that the developed media were highly feasible, with average scores of 91% from material experts and 89% from media experts. Limited trials demonstrated improvements in gross motor skills (mean scores increased from 64.3 to 80.7) and independence (from 66.1 to 83.5), with N-gain values in the moderate to high category. Ethnoscience elements were integrated through local cultural contexts such as traditional games, batik motifs, and Yogyakarta cultural symbols embedded in science learning challenges. These findings indicate that the ethnoscience-based snakes and ladders board game is effective as an alternative learning medium for students with speech impairments at the junior high school level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agrielsa Alphasati Sinaga, Yunita Miftahul Jannah, Christina Ester Manthalina Hutabarat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Bio Pocketbook Learning Resource Based on SETS-I (Science, Environment, Technology, Society, and Islamic Integration) to Enhance Students’ Scientific Literacy
This study aims to produce a science learning resource in the form of a SETS-I based (Science, Environment, Technology, Society, and Islamic Integration) Bio Pocketbook that is valid, practical, and effective. The research subjects consisted of expert validators, three teachers, and students, with the product being validated by experts before being tested. This type of research is research and development (R&D), adapted from the ADDIE development model consisting of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Validity data were collected using a product validation questionnaire on the human respiratory system material. Practicality data were obtained through student and teacher response questionnaires, while effectiveness data were collected through a scientific literacy skills test. The results showed that the average overall validity score of the product was in the very high category (1.00). The response results indicated that the product met the criteria of practicality, as the average student response to the product was in the very practical category (92%), and the average teacher response was also in the very practical category (93.75%). The product development also met the effectiveness criteria, as shown by the average N-gain score of each student, which was in the high category (0.73).
Copyright (c) 2026 Musfirah, Firdaus Daud, Syamsiah, Nurhayati B, Andi Asmawati Azis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of the RADEC Learning Model in Strengthening Religious Character and Critical Thinking among Elementary School Students
This research is based on the persistently low critical thinking skills of students and the suboptimal internalization of religious character values in the learning process in elementary schools. Learning that is still oriented toward memorization and teacher-centered approaches results in students being less engaged in reflective, dialogical, and contextual activities. However, the demands of 21st-century education and the Pancasila Student Profile emphasize the importance of strengthening religious character and critical reasoning skills in an integrated manner starting from elementary school. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the RADEC learning model in strengthening religious character and critical thinking skills in elementary school students. This study used a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 125 elementary school students in Cluster IV, Pagerageung District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The RADEC learning model was implemented in the learning process using the syntax "Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create," which was designed to encourage literacy activities, critical discussions, value reflection, and actualization of student understanding. The research instruments were a religious character questionnaire and a critical thinking questionnaire, both of which have been tested for validity and reliability. Data were collected through measurements before and after the implementation of the RADEC learning model. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test to determine differences in students' religious character scores and critical thinking skills before and after the treatment. The results showed that the RADEC learning model was significantly effective in strengthening students' religious character with a significant value of p < 0.05. Furthermore, students' critical thinking skills also significantly improved after participating in the RADEC learning model. The findings of this study indicate that the RADEC learning model is effective as an alternative learning method in elementary schools to improve students' religious character and critical thinking skills. Practically, the RADEC model can support learning that is more meaningful and relevant to students' needs. Empirically, this study provides evidence that literacy-based learning, discussion, and reflection can simultaneously strengthen character education and higher-order thinking skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nana Suryana, Wahyu Sopandi, Yadi Ruyadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Molecular Identification of Symbiont Bacteria on Brown Alga Padina australis Hauck
The research aimed to identify the symbiont bacteria in brown alga Padina australis from the coastal waters of Molas, Manado city, Indonesia. Fresh samples were crushed with a mortar and pestle until smooth. A total of 1 g of the smooth alga was added into a test tube containing 9 mL of distilled water to obtain a 10-1 dilution. Next, 1 mL of a 10-1 solution was put into another test tube containing 9 mL of distilled water and vortexed for 15 minutes to obtain 10-2 dilution and so on until a 10-8 solution was obtained. 100 μL of solution from each series 10-4 – 10-8 was spread on NA media and incubated at a temperature of 27–29°C for 24 hours. DNA extraction was carried out following the modified Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Geneaid) protocol. DNA amplification was carried out using the 16S rRNA gene. Amplification using primers for the 16S rRNA gene BKXF (forward) and BKXR (reverse) resulted in fragments 1152 base pairs in length. The results of BLAST analysis of SK1 symbiont bacterial isolates found a Max score and total score of 1369, a query coverage of 97%, and a Percent Ident of 97.73%, which showed similarity to bacterial nucleotides of Bacillus cereus.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marina Flora Oktavine Singkoh, Sebrina Kuron, Stella Deiby Umboh, Deidy Yulius Katili, Beivy Kolondam, Agustina Tangapo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Peer Tutoring for Sustainable Biology Education: Enhancing Student Activity, Motivation, and Learning Outcomes in the Respiratory System Unit
This study aims to analyze the effect of the peer tutoring method on learning activity, learning motivation, and biology learning outcomes of grade XI students at SMAN 15 Gowa. This quasi-experimental research employed a pretest-posttest control group design involving 54 students divided into experimental (n = 27) and control groups (n = 27). Learning activity was measured using observation sheets based on Paul B. Diedrich indicators, motivation was assessed through questionnaires using Keller's ARCS model, and learning outcomes were evaluated using cognitive tests consisting of 25 multiple-choice and 5 essay questions based on revised Bloom's taxonomy. Data were analyzed using Independent Samples t-test to compare groups and Paired Samples t-test to analyze improvements within groups, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed significant effects of peer tutoring on learning activity (p = 0.015), motivation (p = 0.000), and learning outcomes (p = 0.000). The experimental group demonstrated higher mean scores in activity (25.93 vs 24.44) and substantial improvements in motivation (N-Gain 0.61, medium category vs 0.12, low category) and learning outcomes (N-Gain 0.57, medium category vs 0.29, low category). The mastery level achievement in the experimental group (92.60%) was substantially higher compared to the control group (66.70%). Superior performance can be attributed to enhanced peer interaction facilitating deeper conceptual understanding through social constructivism and the Zone of Proximal Development. These findings indicate that the peer tutoring method effectively enhances students' learning activity, motivation, and outcomes in complex biology topics, with practical implications for improving biology education quality at the secondary school level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Arini, Yusminah Hala, Rachmawaty, Firdaus Daud, Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring Madurese Ethnoscience through the Preservation of the Ondhâgghâ Bhâsa Language in Community Texts: A Source of Contextual Science Learning
This study explores Madurese ethnoscience as embedded in community texts written in Ondhâgghâ Bhâsa—the formal register of the Madurese language—and examines how efforts to preserve this linguistic form serve as a foundation for contextual science learning. Focusing on the Tonggalate Reading House community in Giligenting Subdistrict, Sumenep Regency, the research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach informed by sociolinguistics and ethnoscience perspectives. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with community members and educators, and thematic analysis of locally produced texts that integrate traditional knowledge, ecological practices, and cultural values. The findings indicate that Ondhâgghâ Bhâsa functions not only as a vehicle for cultural identity but also as a medium through which indigenous scientific understandings—such as local environmental management, agricultural techniques, and medicinal practices—are documented and transmitted. These community texts thus provide authentic, culturally grounded resources for science education. The study concludes that preserving Ondhâgghâ Bhâsa through community literacy initiatives simultaneously safeguards Madurese ethnoscience and offers meaningful contexts for developing relevant, student-centered science learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moh. Amrullah Stani, Hodairiyah, Suhartatik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Designing a Test Instrument to Reveal Students' Reasoning Abilities on Archimedes' Law
Visuo-haptic simulator-based learning can help students understand the relationship between buoyancy and the volume of displaced fluid. In this study, students experienced a physical simulation of an upward force, which has been shown to improve conceptual understanding and reduce misconceptions commonly found in traditional classrooms. This study aimed to design a test instrument that could reveal in detail students' reasoning abilities related to Archimedes' Law, specifically regarding the phenomena of floating, levitating, and sinking. The study used a qualitative approach through two stages of testing administered to 31 first-year physics students who had taken a basic physics course. The initial test used the five-block problem developed by Loverude to identify students' reasoning patterns, which mostly showed misconceptions, such as determining the final position of an object based on mass rather than density. Based on this analysis, four diagnostic questions were developed to explore students' understanding of the differences between density, buoyancy, and the application of Newton's Laws in the context of fluids. The test results showed that although students had some correct knowledge, they often failed to apply it correctly, especially in cases involving more than one object or calculating the volume of displaced fluid. Based on these findings, the instrument was developed into six tested and validated items capable of comprehensively assessing students' reasoning abilities and conceptual understanding. This instrument can be used by educators to diagnose and correct student misconceptions related to Archimedes' Law.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luh Sukariasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Problem-Based Learning Module on Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures to Enhance Eighth-Grade Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) science module supplemented with Mind Maps on the topic of elements, compounds, and mixtures to enhance the critical thinking skills of eighth-grade students. The research objectives were to: 1) describe the module's characteristics, 2) examine its feasibility, and 3) test its effectiveness. The development followed the Borg and Gall procedure, comprising ten systematic steps. The module's feasibility was assessed using the Aiken’s V validity test, while its impact on critical thinking skills was analyzed using ANCOVA. The results demonstrated that: 1) The developed module possesses distinctive characteristics, integrating PBL with Mind Maps, which promotes active student engagement and provides direct learning experiences to foster critical thinking. 2) The module is highly feasible for classroom use, supported by a strong Aiken’s V validity value of 0.85. 3) The module is statistically effective in improving students' critical thinking skills. This conclusion is substantiated by the ANCOVA test results, which showed a highly significant value of p <0.001, confirming a notable enhancement in critical thinking abilities after the implementation of the module. The study successfully validates the module as a viable and effective learning tool.
Copyright (c) 2026 Imam Setiawan, Baskoro Adi Prayitno, Bowo Sugiharto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Eye Health Literacy Module to Prevent the Negative Impacts of Gadget Use among Elementary School Students
This study aims to develop and evaluate an eye health literacy module based on the ADDIE model and a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach to strengthen elementary school students’ understanding of the negative impacts of gadget use. The research employed a research and development (R&D) design consisting of needs analysis, design, expert validation, implementation, and evaluation. A total of 72 students participated, selected purposively based on their high daily exposure to digital devices. The instruments, namely, an eye health literacy test and expert validation sheets were reviewed by specialists in education, health, and instructional media. Validation results yielded an average score of 87.6%, categorized as highly feasible. The effectiveness test demonstrated a significant improvement in literacy scores, increasing from 61.4 (pre-test) to 83.7 (post-test) (t = 9.84; p < 0.001). Indicator-based analysis showed consistent enhancement across basic eye-health knowledge, awareness of gadget-related risks, eye-care habits, preventive strategies, and positive health attitudes. These findings confirm that the module not only strengthens conceptual understanding but also fosters preventive behavioral change. The novelty of this study lies in integrating PBL with eye-health literacy materials tailored to students’ digital routines, offering a contextual, interactive, and practice-oriented learning resource. Thus, this module is feasible, practical, and effective as an innovative educational medium and a preventive strategy to mitigate visual health risks associated with prolonged gadget use among elementary school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tasrif, Arifuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Students’ Learning Motivation Through the Implementation of the Discovery Learning Model
The implementation of this study aims to examine how students’ learning motivation develops during the discovery learning process supported by authentic assessment. Low motivation significantly contributes to poor engagement, reduced persistence, and lower learning outcomes. The research employs a descriptive qualitative design. Data analysis is conducted for all collected data, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative sources. Based on the N-Gain calculation, the experimental class had an average N-Gain of 0.53, which is considered moderate, while the control class had an average N-Gain of 0.29, which is considered low. This indicates that applying the Discovery Learning model in the experimental class led to a greater increase in learning motivation than that of conventional learning in the control class.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adeline Silaban, Jan Pieter, Putu Victoria M R, Siti Hajar, Desy C Silaban https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Purple Leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) Emulsion on the Histological Parameters of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Damage to vital organs such as the liver, kidneys, and pancreas is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to pancreatic cell dysfunction. Graptophyllum pictum (purple leaf) is a potential herbal therapy containing bioactive compounds with antioxidant and organ-protective effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of purple leaf emulsion on blood glucose levels and the histopathological features of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Rats were divided into six groups: normal control, negative control, positive control (glibenclamide), and three doses of purple leaf emulsion (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg BW). After 28 days of treatment, the emulsion significantly reduced blood glucose levels and improved the histological structures of the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. The 200 mg/kg BW dose was most effective for pancreatic protection, while 300 mg/kg BW provided optimal hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects. These findings highlight the potential of purple leaf as a natural antidiabetic and organ-protective agent.
Copyright (c) 2026 Niluh Puspita Dewi, Komang Dewik, Syafika Alaydrus, Athia Kurnia Kasim, Nani Astria Polontalo, Wayan Wirawan, Dian Andini, Irma, Imelda Synthia Fatu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Land Slopes Covered with Paving Blocks on Rainwater Infiltration
Rapid urban development has increased impervious surface coverage, causing higher surface runoff and reduced rainwater infiltration that contribute to flooding and groundwater depletion. Permeable pavement systems, such as paving blocks, are widely applied to support sustainable urban water management. This study analyzes the effect of land slope covered with hexagonal paving blocks on rainwater infiltration performance. Laboratory experiments were conducted using a rainfall simulator with a constant intensity of 50 mm/h. Three slope variations were evaluated, namely 0%, 2%, and 4%. The paving blocks had a compressive strength of 25 MPa (Class B) and were installed on a compacted sandy bedding layer. Infiltration and surface runoff volumes were measured at five-minute intervals until stable conditions were achieved. Results indicate that land slope significantly influences infiltration behavior. The highest infiltration performance occurred at a 2% slope, with a maximum infiltration volume of approximately 570 mL recorded between the 40th and 45th minutes. Conversely, the 0% slope showed decreased infiltration due to soil saturation, while the 4% slope exhibited lower efficiency because the increased slope accelerated surface runoff. These findings demonstrate that hexagonal paving blocks installed on a moderate slope enhance infiltration, reduce runoff, and support urban flood mitigation and groundwater recharge.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Marini Indriani, Gunaedy Utomo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Erosion and Sedimentation Rate Analysis to Determine the Useful Life of Meninting Dam
Meninting Dam, constructed in 2019 in West Lombok Regency, is a newly built reservoir that is vulnerable to sedimentation caused by land erosion in its upstream catchment area. This study aims to estimate the erosion rate, sedimentation rate, and predicted service life of the Meninting Dam as a basis for early sediment management planning. Erosion was calculated using the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE), while sedimentation was estimated using the Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) based on the Boyce (1975) method, integrated with spatial analysis using QGIS. The results show that the erosion rate in the Meninting Dam catchment area reaches 884,467.83 tons/year, producing a sedimentation rate of 40,526.39 m³/year and an estimated dam service life of approximately 45 years. These findings indicate that erosion-induced sedimentation poses a significant long-term risk to the storage capacity of the Meninting Dam and highlight the importance of early erosion control and sediment management strategies for newly constructed reservoirs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ida Bagus Andrew Widyantara, I Wayan Yasa, Yusron Saadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Karst Environment-Based Teaching Modules to Improve Learning Outcomes in Terms of Learning Motivation
This Research and Development (R&D) study aims to develop a Physics Teaching Module based on the Karst Environment using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) and evaluate its effectiveness on learning outcomes regarding student motivation. Content validity was assessed by two experts, while practicality was tested by a physics teacher. The module was trialed with 36 students in class XI F2 at SMAN 4 Maros. Data collection instruments included validation sheets, practitioner questionnaires, motivation scales, and learning achievement tests (pretest and posttest). Data analysis techniques involved the Aiken’s V index for validity, descriptive statistics, the Paired Sample T-Test for effectiveness, and a One-Way ANOVA to analyze learning improvements based on motivation levels. Results indicate that the module is valid with an average Aiken’s V index of 0.81 and is categorized as practical based on practitioner responses of 82.20%. Furthermore, the module proved effective in improving learning outcomes, as evidenced by a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (Sig. 0.00 < 0.05), with significant differences also observed among students with varying levels of motivation (Sig. 0.00 < 0.05). In conclusion, this Karst environment-based physics module is declared valid, practical, and effective for use in school physics learning processes
Copyright (c) 2026 Sitti Magfirah Ramadhana M, Pariabti Palloan, Abdul Haris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Project-Based Physics Teaching Modules to Improve Students’ Science Process Skills
This study is a type of research and development (R&D). The research was conducted by the Four-D models. This study consisted of four stages, namely needs analysis (analyze), product design (design), product development (development), and product dissemination (dissemination). The purpose of this research was to produce a project-based physics teaching module to improve students' science process skills that meet the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The project-based physics teaching module was validated by three experts. The test subjects were Grade XI students of State Senior High School 13 Takalar in the 2025/2026 academic year. The results of the study indicate that expert assessments of the developed physics teaching module were analyzed using the Aiken's V index, with an average content feasibility score of 0.78, a presentation feasibility score of 0.76, and a graphic feasibility score of 0.78 in the moderate category. Meanwhile, the language feasibility score was 0.82 in the high category. The results of the expert judgment of the project-based teaching module yielded a cumulative response score of 87.33%, categorized as very practical. The implementation observation results yielded a cumulative score of 81.30%, categorized as practical. Therefore, the project-based physics teaching module was considered feasible for implementation and use. The effectiveness of the project-based physics teaching module was determined based on the pre-test and post-test results of students' science process skills, which were analyzed using the N-gain test. Overall, the average N-gain score of students was 0.68, categorized as moderate. It can be concluded that there was an improvement in the science process skills of Grade XI students of State Senior High School 13 Takalar through the use of the project-based physics teaching module. This indicates that the project-based physics teaching module is effective for physics learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Hijrah Muthmainnah R, Kaharuddin Arafah, Pariabti Palloan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Sediment Distribution Patterns and Management Strategies in the Porong River Estuary, Sidoarjo
This study aims to identify the water surface profile of the Kali Porong River, analyze changes in riverbed contours at the Kali Porong estuary, and propose appropriate mitigation measures for sediment deposition in the estuarine area. The research methodology involves hydraulic and sediment transport modeling using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) HEC-RAS, supported by Google Earth image interpretation, cross-section analysis, and riverbed elevation data evaluation. The results indicate significant morphological changes in the Kali Porong River during the period 2013–2023. The upstream and middle reaches tend to experience riverbed degradation due to increased flow energy, while the downstream and estuary segments undergo intensive aggradation, characterized by channel shallowing and delta expansion toward the sea. These riverbed changes directly affect the water surface profile and flow velocity, with the 2023 condition showing relatively higher flow velocities compared to those in 2013. Two-dimensional modeling results suggest that the river system has shifted from a dynamic equilibrium condition toward a morphological imbalance. Based on these findings, mitigation measures are recommended in the form of targeted dredging and the construction of sediment control structures at the estuary to maintain channel stability and reduce long-term sedimentation risks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tania C. M. Lake, Sumiadi, Dian Sisinggih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integration of the Ethno-Discovery Project and Ethno-Design Literacy: A Contextual Syntax Model in Quality Ornamental Learning
Creativity and plagiarism remain key challenges in learning Ragam Hias (Decorative Motif Design). Common problems include repetitive ideas, reliance on peers’ work, limited originality, and low self-confidence. Additionally, existing learning models often lack relevance to students’ needs, while assessment standards are not tailored to course characteristics. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the Ethno Discovery Project syntax integrated with Ethno-Design literacy. The development process involved validation, practicality, and effectiveness testing across three student groups. Expert validation showed good validity (0.71) and high reliability (ICC = 0.775). Practicality was rated very good by both observers (0.79) and students (0.77). Effectiveness testing revealed a significant increase in student scores from 5.45 to 9.77 (p < 0.001), with high learning activity (82.22%) and interest (81.58%). The results indicate that this syntax is effective, applicable, and culturally relevant for contextual learning in vocational design education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilham Zamil, Puspaneli, Hari Setia Putra, Hamsidar, Molli Wahyuni, Yusmerita, Yuliarma, Lili Mulyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Negotiating Taboo, Culture, and Science: Culturally Responsive Science Learning for Reproductive Health Literacy of Elementary School Teacher Candidates in Papua
Reproductive health literacy in Papua still faces various socio-cultural challenges, such as body taboos, customary norms, and religious values ​​that limit open discussion about reproduction. These conditions also impact prospective elementary school teacher students who will later serve as health educators for children. This study will investigate how prospective teacher students negotiate taboos, culture, and scientific knowledge in culturally responsive science learning to develop reproductive health literacy. The study used a narrative inquiry approach involving five of 28 fifth-semester students in the Elementary School Teacher Education (PGSD) Study Program in Papua. Data were collected through in-depth narrative interviews, weekly reflective journals, and participant observation, then analyzed using Clandinin's three-dimensional narrative framework (temporality, sociality, and place). The results of the study indicate a process of transformation from taboo body language to meaningful scientific language, negotiation between indigenous knowledge, religion, and science, the formation of the class as a safe space for dialogue, and the development of students' professional identities as prospective health educators. These findings confirm that culturally responsive science learning not only enhances cognitive understanding but also plays a significant role in strengthening reproductive health literacy and pedagogical readiness of prospective elementary school teachers in Papua.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aisyah Ali, Singgih Bektiarso, Auldry Fransje Walukow, Erlia Narulita, Akhmad Kadir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship between Nutritional Status and Primary Dysmenorrhea Incidence Among Adolescent Girls
This study aimed to determine the association between nutritional status based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and the occurrence of primary dysmenorrhea among female students at SMAN 07 Pekanbaru. A quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 127 respondents selected from the target population. Primary dysmenorrhea status was assessed using a structured questionnaire, while nutritional status was classified using BMI categories. The results showed that the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was high, affecting 79.50% (101 respondents) of the participants. Statistical analysis using the chi-square test indicated that BMI-based nutritional status was not significantly associated with primary dysmenorrhea (p = 0.844). Risk analysis also supported this finding, showing no meaningful evidence of association (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.30–1.71). These findings suggest that primary dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls is likely influenced by multifactorial determinants beyond nutritional status, including hereditary factors, hormonal balance, physical activity, lifestyle habits, and psychological conditions. Preventive and management efforts should therefore incorporate reproductive health education, healthy lifestyle promotion, and broader risk factor control.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nevi Susianty, Sarah Fitria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Oxyhydrogen Nanobubbles Suppress FoxP3 and Ki-67 Expression in a Wistar Rat Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
HCC is difficult to treat due to its complex tumor microenvironment and the ineffectiveness of available therapies. Gas-based anticancer approaches are promising, but are hampered by instability and difficulties in targeted delivery. HHOnbs (containing hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2), and low-dose hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at the nanoscale) have been proposed to improve the stability and precision of gas-based therapies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HHOnbs on the immunoregulatory marker FoxP3 and the proliferation marker Ki-67 in a Wistar rat model of HCC induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The design used was a true experimental design. HHOnbs were administered intravenously. Liver tissue was assessed using immunohistochemistry to measure FoxP3 and Ki-67 expression. HHOnbs treatment significantly reduced FoxP3 and Ki-67 expression (p<0.05). FoxP3 is a marker of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which often inhibit antitumor immune responses. Its decrease indicates an increased immune response potential. Ki-67 is a marker of cell proliferation. Its decrease indicates the suppression of cancer cell growth. Further investigations are warranted to compare its efficacy with standard therapies, assess different treatment durations, and elucidate the underlying molecular signaling pathways.
Copyright (c) 2026 Natasya Adiba Zahrah, Sri Widyarti, Dyah Kinasih Wuragil, Wibi Riawan, Olly Indrajani, Ahmad Lubab, Aditya Tri Hernowo, Sutiman Bambang Sumitro, Aulanni'am https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of a Creative Approach Combining PBL and NHT Models in Biology Learning to Improve Critical Thinking Skills
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a creative learning approach combining the Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Numbered Head Together (NHT) models in improving students’ critical thinking skills in biology learning. This study was conducted due to the low level of students’ critical thinking skills caused by the dominance of conventional learning methods that limit students’ active participation. A quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design was employed. The sample consisted of two tenth-grade classes at SMA Negeri 2 Pekanbaru selected through purposive sampling, with class X.2 as the experimental class and class X.9 as the control class, each consisting of 36 students. Data were collected using pretest and posttest instruments based on critical thinking indicators and observation sheets of teacher and student activities. The results showed that the experimental class obtained higher mean pretest and posttest scores (70.65 and 86.94) than the control class (63.43 and 80.00). The N-gain analysis indicated that both classes were in the moderate category; however, the experimental class achieved a higher N-gain score (0.58) compared to the control class (0.48). The t-test results revealed a significant difference between the two classes (Sig. = 0.016 < 0.05). The integration of PBL and NHT promotes active learning, collaboration, and problem-solving processes that support the development of students’ critical thinking skills. In conclusion, the creative approach combining PBL and NHT is effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills and biology learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arlian Firda, Yulia Syafitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model into Basic Science Instruction to Promote Eco-Literacy Attitudes in the Context of Islamic Science Education
This study addresses a persistent gap in science education—the limited integration of spiritual values and environmental stewardship into classroom practice. The research investigates how Project-Based Learning (PjBL) can promote students’ eco-literacy attitudes within the framework of Islamic science education. Employing a library research design and content analysis, the study examines books, journals, and related scholarly works focusing on PjBL, eco-literacy, and Islamic educational values. The findings reveal that PjBL enhances conceptual understanding and fosters active, contextual, and ethically informed scientific inquiry guided by Islamic principles. It also promotes eco-literacy through three interrelated dimensions: cognitive (knowledge of ecological systems), affective (concern for nature), and conative (environmental responsibility and action). The study concludes that integrating PjBL with Islamic values provides a coherent pedagogical framework that strengthens students’ scientific, moral, and ecological competencies. This approach is recommended for Islamic higher education institutions seeking to develop educators who are scientifically proficient, environmentally aware, and spiritually grounded
Copyright (c) 2026 Zohrawaty Hiola, Frida Maryati Yusuf, Abubakar Sidik Katili https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Augmented Reality-Based Scansmart Card Media to Improve Elementary Students’ Understanding of Photosynthesis in Support of SDG 4 (Quality Education)
This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR)-based Scansmart Card learning media to improve fourth-grade students’ understanding of photosynthesis in elementary schools, in line with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education). The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The developed media integrates printed cards with AR features accessed through the Assemblr Edu application, presenting interactive 3D visualizations, audio explanations, and quizzes related to photosynthesis concepts. Product validity was assessed by material and media experts, resulting in validity scores of 92 and 95%, respectively, which were categorized as highly valid. Limited field trials were conducted with 30 fourth-grade students at SDN Tlekung 02 Batu using a one-group pretest–posttest design. Data analysis included normality testing using the Shapiro–Wilk test, paired sample t-test, and N-gain analysis. The results indicated that the data were normally distributed and showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores (t = 6.87; p < 0.05). The average N-gain score was 0.63, categorized as moderate, indicating effective learning improvement. These findings demonstrate that the AR-based Scansmart Card media is valid, feasible, and effective in enhancing students’ understanding of photosynthesis and supporting the improvement of elementary science learning quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yulia Salsa Billa, Arina Restian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Physics Teaching Materials Based on Science Process Skills and Their Influence on Critical Thinking
This study aims to analyze the content validity of the developed Science Process Skills (SPS)-based physics instructional materials; analyze the responses of educational practitioners regarding the quality and practicality of the materials; and analyze the effect of the developed SPS-based physics instructional materials. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The developed product was validated by three experts, its practicality was assessed by ten physics teachers, and it was tested on 36 tenth-grade students. The instruments used in this study included a validation sheet for the instructional materials, a practitioner response questionnaire, and a validated critical thinking skills test for students. The results showed that the SPS-based physics instructional materials were validated using Aiken’s V index, with an average score of 0.81 for content feasibility, 0.82 for presentation, 0.82 for language, and 0.81 for graphical aspects. The overall average score was 0.82. The hypothesis testing showed that tcount = 8.006 ≥ ttable = 1.994, indicating a significant difference in critical thinking ability between students taught using the SPS-based physics materials and those taught using conventional materials. Based on these findings, the developed SPS-based physics instructional materials are valid according to experts, practical based on teachers’ assessments, positively received, and effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills, thus feasible for implementation in physics learning as a supportive medium to enhance students’ critical thinking abilities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hidayatun Nisa, Helmi, Kaharuddin Arafah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinants of Dryland Farmer Household Food Security
Food security is a central issue that must be realized at the household level. Poverty and food insecurity are the most common problems faced by people living in drylands. This study aims to analyze the food security status of dryland farmer households and the factors that determine it. The unit of analysis in this study is dryland farmer households growing upland and paddy rice in Sukabumi Regency, West Java. Food security is analyzed using descriptive methods, while its determinants are analyzed using a simultaneous equation model estimated by the 2SLS method. The research results show that farmer households are in a state of food insecurity. The energy consumption rate, as an indicator of food security, is significantly influenced by both food and non-food expenditures. Upland rice production positively affects the value of food reserves, and its development can support the realization of household food security in drylands.
Copyright (c) 2026 Endang Tri Astutiningsih, Bonar M. Sinaga, Nunung Kusnadi, Handewi P. Saliem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Utilization of Palm Plants (Arecaceae) in the Acehnese Community in Gandapura District, Bireuen Regency
The purpose of this study was to determine the utilization of sugar palm (Arecaceae) plants in the Acehnese community in Gandapura District, Bireuen Regency. In collecting data, this study distributed questionnaires, semi-structured and open-ended free interviews to various age groups with a total of 11 questions. The research sample in this study amounted to 153 people. The sampling method was carried out using the purposeful sampling method; namely, the population has homogeneous and stratified elements/members. Samples were taken based on age groups, namely young adults (aged 20-35) who are actively working to earn a living; middle adults (aged 36-50) who are generally married and have a permanent residence; and older people (> 50 years) who are considered village leaders/elders and have influence in the village. The results showed that 13 types of sugar palm plants were utilized. The utilization of 13 types of plants consists of 7 types as food ingredients, 7 types as craft materials, 5 types as building materials, 7 types for traditional medicine, 2 types for traditional ceremonies and 5 types of ornamental plants. To determine the utilization of plant species diversity, an analysis of the level of importance of a plant species for the community was carried out, namely by calculating the Cultural Significance Index (ICS). The highest ICS value was found in the Cocos nucifera plant, namely 293, followed by Areca nut (Areca catechu) and Areca nut (Arenga pinnata) with values of 113 and 111.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cut Roswita, Erlia Hanum, Afkar, Nadia Aldyza, Syifa Saputra, Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Preliminary PCR Screening and Optimization for Five Suspected Viruses in Haemaphysalis bispinosa Ticks from Moa Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Tick-borne viruses are becoming a serious threat to livestock health, especially in tropical regions where monitoring systems are still limited. H. bispinosa, the main external parasite of water buffalo in Eastern Indonesia, is suspected of carrying several veterinarians' important viral pathogens. This study aims to detect five viruses consisting of DNA viruses (BuGyKV, BoHV-1, and OvHV-2) and RNA viruses (FMDV and TAMV). FMDV and TAMV, both RNA viruses, need to be converted into complementary DNA (cDNA) through reverse transcription, which is then used as a template for PCR amplification using virus-specific primers. All viruses were detected using specific primers and extensive annealing temperature optimization. The results showed weak and nonspecific amplification bands at one temperature for BuGyKV, BoHV-1, and OvHV-2, but these bands did not match the expected amplicon size. No amplification bands were observed for FMDV and TAMV under any conditions. These findings suggest that this amplification failure is likely due to primer mismatch with local virus variants resulting from geographical differences. Overall, it can be concluded that the five target viruses were not detected in the H. bispinosa samples examined. This preliminary study provides an initial virological overview of H. bispinosa ticks from Moa Island and emphasizes the need for more sensitive detection methods, such as nested PCR, qPCR, or metagenomic approaches, to improve the detection of low-titer viruses in ticks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Prasetyarti Utami, Rony Marsyal Kunda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of the STEM-Based Problem-Based Learning Model on Students' Science Literacy Skills in Science Learning
This research is motivated by the low level of science literacy among students in Indonesia, including at SMP Negeri 17 Kota Jambi. The study aims to determine the effect of the STEM-based PBL model on the science literacy of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 17 Kota Jambi. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with a pre-test post-test control group design. The research sample consisted of two classes: the experimental class (VII C) with 32 students who received the STEM-based PBL model treatment, and the control class (VII E) with 31 students who used the direct instruction model. The research results science literacy skills improved, with an average pre-test score of 58.5 and a post-test score of 79.75, while the control class increased from 38.32 to 60.38. The N-Gain value for science literacy in the experimental class was 50.83 (moderate category), which was higher than the control class's 38.32. The t-test results show a significance value of 0.037 < 0.05, which means there is a significant difference between the two groups. It can be concluded that the implementation of the STEM-based PBL model is effective in improving students' science literacy skills in science learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arum Zaharani, Syamsurizal, Muhyiatul Fadilah, Moralita Chatri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antibacterial Activity of Tulsi Ethanolic Extract (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) against Staphylococcus aureus
Infectious disease is a type of disease caused by invasion by microbiological agents, such as bacteria. One type of bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus which is a Gram-positive bacteria. The definitive therapy for bacterial infections is the administration of antibiotics. However, overuse of antibiotics leads to bacterial resistance. One of the efforts to overcome this is with alternative antibiotics made from herbs, such as Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.). This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Tulsi ethanolic extract against S. aureus. This research was conducted at the Analysis Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Warmadewa University from October to November 2024. The research design used a true experimental method with a posttest only control group design model, namely by testing the antibacterial activity of Tulsi ethanolic extract with concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% against S. aureus. In the antibacterial test results, the diameter of the inhibition zone formed at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% was 5.25 mm, 5.90 mm, and 7.22 mm, respectively. Based on the One Way ANOVA test results, the P value <0.001 was obtained, which means there is a significant difference between the treatment groups. Based on this study, it can be concluded that Tulsi ethanolic extract has moderate antibacterial activity.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gusti Ngurah Kezawa Arisurya, Pande Ayu Naya Kasih Permatananda, Ni Wayan Erly Sintya Dewi, I Gde Suranaya Pandit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
In Vitro Multiplication of the Ornamental Plant Sente (Alocasia melo)
The genus Alocasia showed high diversity, including morphological differences among approximately 60 species. One of these species was Alocasia melo, which was distributed on Borneo Island. A. melo had high aesthetic and economic value, making it popular among ornamental plant enthusiasts. However, growing A. melo naturally was challenging due to specific habitat, such as humidity, temperature, lighting, water supply, soil pH, and indoor storage to increase survival rates. To address this, tissue culture (in vitro) was used as a method for its propagation and conservation. This study aimed to determine the effects of different nutrient components on the in vitro growth of A. melo and to find the most effective nutrient combination for its growth. The research was an experimental study with treatments including coconut water + 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), algae extract + BAP, coconut water, algae extract, and coconut water + algae extract on solid media. The data were analyzed descriptively, showing the number of shoots and roots in tables and figures. The results showed that the treatment with coconut water (10 mL) + BAP (1 ppm) produced the highest average number of shoots (3.75). Meanwhile, the treatment with coconut water (30 mL) resulted in the highest average number of roots (6.75).
Copyright (c) 2026 Badriansyah, Aida Muspiah, Nur Indah Julisaniah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Influence of the Contextual Teaching and Learning Model on Student Learning Activities and Learning Outcomes on Ecosystem Material in Cluster II Sungai Penuh
This research is motivated by the fact that low learning activities also affect student learning outcomes in science learning in elementary schools. Students are less active in the learning process, both in expressing opinions, asking questions, and constructing their own knowledge. Students tend to wait for direction from the teacher, and only a few are actively involved in group discussions. One effort that can be done is to use the CTL learning model. This study aims to determine the effect of the CTL learning model on learning activities and student learning outcomes in the ecosystem material in cluster II Sungai Penuh.The type of research used Is Quasi Experimental. The research population was students of Elementary School Cluster II Sungai Penuh. The sample of this research was students of class Va SDN 025/XI Gedang Village Sungai Penuh as the experimental class and students of class Vb SDN 001/XI Sungai Penuh as the control class. The instruments used in this research were learning activity questionnaires and learning outcome test sheets. The data analysis technique used prerequisite tests in the form of normality and homogeneity tests. Meanwhile, to test the hypothesis using an independent t test. To determine the relationship between learning activities and learning outcomes, a correlation test was carried out. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of the CTL learning model on learning activities and student learning outcomes on ecosystem material in cluster II of the full river. The details of the data analysis results are: (1) The CTL learning model improves student learning outcomes by linking lesson materials to everyday life so that concepts are easier to understand, as evidenced by the results of the study which obtained a significance value of 0.000 for the posttest. By taking a significance value of 5%, it is concluded that H0 of this study is rejected, while H1 is accepted, meaning that there is an influence of the CTL learning model on student learning activities. (2) The CTL learning model improves student learning activities, as seen from active involvement in discussions and completing assignments, as evidenced by the results of the study which obtained a significance value of 0.000 for the posttest. By taking a significance value of 5%, it is concluded that H0 of this study is rejected, while H1 is accepted, meaning that there is an influence of the CTL learning model on student learning outcomes. (3) There is an influence of learning activities on student learning outcomes by using the CTL learning model. This increase in learning activities contributes to an increase in learning outcomes, showing a positive influence between the two.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Fatimah Azzahrah, Muhammadi, Yanti Fitria, Abna Hidayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing High School Students' Creative Thinking Skills on Green Chemistry Material Using STEM-Based Creative Content Electronic Portfolios
This study aims to develop a valid and reliable STEM-based electronic assessment portfolio instrument to instill creative thinking skills in high school students on the topic of Green Chemistry. This study uses a Design Development Research (DDR) approach with the ADDIE model, which is specifically limited to the development phase. This study involved 16 grade 10 science students. The Assessment Portfolio was designed with three tasks: a summary of the Green Chemistry topic, a poster about the 12 principles of Green Chemistry, and an educational vlog about the principle of "Prevention". The findings indicate that the developed instrument has valid content validity, as assessed by five validators. This instrument was also proven reliable through an inter-rater reliability test conducted by four raters. Furthermore, Wilcoxon test analysis indicates that feedback provided during the electronic portfolio assessment process is effective in significantly improving students' creative thinking skills, with the revision process being the main driver of this improvement. In conclusion, the resulting instrument is effective and can serve as a valid alternative assessment tool.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahman M. Fiqri, Nahadi, .Siswaningsih W. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Profile of Basic Teaching Skills of Prospective Biology Teachers: A Video-Based Longitudinal Study in a Microteaching Course (2020–2023)
This video-based longitudinal study is the first in Papua to describe the profiles of eight basic teaching skills of prospective biology teachers who took the Microteaching course from 2020 to 2023. The study was conducted at the Biology Education Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Cenderawasih University, from April to May 2024. The population in this study consisted of 180 sixth-semester students enrolled in the Microteaching course, with a random sample of 45 students (25%) selected. Data collection techniques utilized an observation sheet for basic teaching skills. The results indicated that, on average, the basic teaching skill scores of prospective biology teachers were 62.47 (± 6.61), falling into the “adequate” category. Longitudinal studies provide authentic data that can also be used to measure various classroom learning activities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maik N. R. Akobiarek, Slamet Hariyadi, Indrawati, C. Tanta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design and Performance Testing of Vacuum Induction Furnaces for the Development of Magnesium-Based Biodegradable Implant Materials
Magnesium (Mg) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for implants due to its similarity in physical and mechanical properties to human bone, as well as its ability to degrade safely in the body. However, the main challenges with magnesium are its relatively low mechanical strength and its high tendency to oxidize during the casting process. The use of the Vacuum Induction Casting (VIC) method is crucial to overcome oxidation and porosity issues, resulting in cast products with better integrity. This study aims to design and test the performance of a laboratory-scale vacuum induction furnace for the development of magnesium-based biodegradable implant materials. The furnace was designed using Autodesk Inventor, using a 3.000 W induction module, a water-cooled copper coil, an HA-1 refractory chamber, and a graphite crucible (±52 mL/90 g Mg). Tests showed that the furnace was able to reach an operating temperature of approximately 1.020°C in 2 minutes and 15 seconds, and successfully melted 60 grams of Mg–Gd alloy while the lowest vacuum pressure achieved by the equipment was 0.473 Atm. Rockwell A scale hardness tests yielded average values ​​of 67.1 HRA for Mg–3%Gd and 74.9 HRA for Mg–4%Gd, indicating an increase in hardness with increasing gadolinium content
Copyright (c) 2026 Oknovia Susanti, Muhammad Alif Alhadid, Rispandi, Alfikri Ikhsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Students' Perceptions of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Discussion Forum Evaluation on Massive Open Online Courses Platform
This study explores university students' perceptions of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in evaluating discussion activities within Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey, data were collected from 112 undergraduate students who had participated in AI-assisted discussion forums across four MOOCs. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze students' perceptions of MOOCs and AI-assisted evaluation, followed by inferential tests to examine differences across demographic variables. Findings indicate that students hold generally positive perceptions of MOOCs, particularly regarding their flexibility, ease of use, and structured learning design. Students also evaluated discussion forums as relevant, understandable, and motivating. Although students showed moderate acceptance of AI involvement in evaluation, ethical concerns remained evident. Inferential analysis showed no significant differences in perceptions across most demographic variables, with the exception of employment status, which influenced perceptions of AI-assisted evaluation. The study highlights the need for ethical, transparent, and pedagogically aligned implementation of AI in online learning assessment
Copyright (c) 2026 Jaka Warsihna, Zulmi Ramdani, Heri Kurniawan, Zulfikri, Fauzy Rahman Kosasih, Mudayat, Ahmad Syaikhu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Revitalizing Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s Philosophy in the Context of 21st Century Education Reform
Indonesian education is increasingly shaped by digitalization and global benchmarks, producing an emphasis on cognitive performance while cultural and moral formation receives limited space, creating a need to reassess Ki Hadjar Dewantara's humanistic philosophy in relation to current policy. This study aims to analyze how Dewantara's key educational principles correspond to the objectives of the National Education System Law (Law No. 20/2003) and to identify the forms of tension that arise when these values are implemented in 21st-century schooling. A qualitative approach was employed through document analysis of Dewantara's texts and the National Education Law, supported by in-depth interviews with 10 key informants (teachers, school leaders, and education experts) and non-participant observation in two Taman Siswa schools in Yogyakarta and Semarang. The findings show substantive alignment between Dewantara's emphasis on moral character, learner autonomy, and contextual learning and the mandates of Article 3 regarding holistic development. However, autonomy is reduced in practice to scheduling flexibility, while bureaucratic reporting and centralized curriculum controls restrict creative pedagogy. Field observations also show that cultural-arts learning still contributes to character formation but is difficult to institutionalize under efficiency-driven policy incentives. The study concludes that harmony at the philosophical level does not ensure operational freedom, institutional reform through reduced administrative burden, greater school-level discretion, and cultural-based instruction is necessary to revitalize Dewantara's values in contemporary policy implementation
Copyright (c) 2026 Suyono, Rejokirono, Welius Purbonuswanto, Sigit Haryanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
In Vitro Test of Fraction N-Hexan, Aquadest and Crude Ethanol Extract of Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) by Cholesterol Lowering Using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
This research is an experimental research study on in vitro test that uses sampling test from herbal medicine. The purpose of this study is to determine the anticholesterol activity and EC50 value of n-hexan farction, aquadest fraction and ethanol extract of moringa leaves. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) contain secondary metabolite compounds that can lower blood cholesterol levels. The analysis method uses UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 665 nm with a series of test sample concentrations of 100 ppm; 300 ppm; and 500 ppm. Research data shows a decrease in cholesterol levels is directly proportional to the increase in concentration in the sample. The EC50 value of n-hexane partition was 142.57 ppm, aquadest partition was 737.88 ppm, and ethanol extract was 156,7 ppm. This indicates that the lower polarity of the solvent used in the extraction process, better than the anticholesterol activity of the extract. Conclusion, the best anticholesterol activity was found in the n-hexane fraction with an EC50 value of 142.57 ppm.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yusnita Usman, Muthmainna B https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Agricultural Credit, Extension Services, and Regional Policies on the Growth of the Food Crop Sub-sector in Pacitan Regency: A Three-Stage Least Squares Simultaneous Model Approach
This study examines the determinants of stagnant growth in the food crop subsector in Pacitan Regency despite extensive government support policies. Using annual time-series data from 2004–2024, a simultaneous equation model estimated by Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) is employed to capture the interaction between agricultural credit, extension services, and regional policies. The results show that agricultural extension has the largest and most significant elasticity with respect to food crop output, followed by fertiliser subsidies, while agricultural credit exhibits a positive but relatively small elasticity due to its limited use for productive investment. Policy simulation results indicate that a 20% increase in extension services generates the strongest impact on output growth and poverty reduction, whereas credit expansion alone produces only a moderate effect. The combined policy scenario—integrating extension strengthening, fertiliser subsidies, and credit reform—yields the highest synergistic gains in production and welfare. These findings provide empirical evidence that institutional complementarity is crucial for enhancing agricultural productivity in marginal regions and offer a data-driven framework for designing integrated regional agricultural policies
Copyright (c) 2026 Adi Budiwan, Syarif Imam Hidayat, Sri Tjondro Winarno, Nuriah Yuliati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integration of Portable NIRS Spectroscopy with the Internet of Things (IoT) for a Rice Quality Monitoring System in Storage Warehouses
Rapid and non-destructive monitoring of rice quality during storage is essential for supporting effective warehouse management. This study aims to develop and evaluate the integration of Portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) with an Internet of Things (IoT) framework for real-time rice quality monitoring. A quantitative experimental approach was employed by acquiring NIRS spectra in the wavelength range of 740–1070 nm from fresh and aged rice samples. The spectral data were automatically transmitted via the IoT system to a centralized server for storage and analysis. Rice quality parameters, including moisture, fat, and protein content, were predicted using a Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R) model based on raw spectra without spectral pretreatment. The results indicate that the PLS-R model achieved good predictive performance for moisture and fat content, with validation correlation coefficients (R) ranging from 0.87 to 1.00 and Residual Predictive Deviation (RPD) values of 1.11–3.65 for moisture and 3.70–4.65 for fat in both fresh and aged rice samples. In contrast, protein prediction showed limited accuracy, particularly in fresh rice samples with an RPD value of 1.79. The IoT system primarily functioned as a real-time data acquisition and transmission platform, enabling integrated rice quality monitoring. Overall, the findings confirm that NIRS–IoT integration is feasible for monitoring rice quality based on moisture and fat content during storage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayu Putri Ana, Dwi Retno Mulyanti, M Reza Alfikri, Mahran Mawarid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Catfish Extract-Based Shredded Meat as a Functional Food: Nutritional Composition, Safety, and Acceptance Among Mothers of Toddlers
Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that has serious implications for the quality of human resources in Indonesia. One potential solution is the development of affordable local food innovations based on animal protein sources, such as catfish (Clarias batrachus), which has high nutritional value and can be processed into functional food products, including extracts and shredded fish (abon). This study aimed to analyze the nutritional composition, antioxidant activity, microbiological and heavy metal safety, as well as the organoleptic acceptance of shredded catfish products based on catfish extract among mothers of under-five children. The study was conducted at the Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran and the “Bina Harapan X” Integrated Health Post (Posyandu) in Cipeundeuy Village, West Bandung. Proximate analysis was performed on both catfish extract and shredded catfish products. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, while safety evaluations included Escherichia coli (CFU/mL) analysis and determination of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Organoleptic testing was carried out with 31 mother panelists who had under-five children, using a 5-point hedonic scale. The catfish extract contained 4.97% moisture, 8.91% ash, 29.87% fat, 48.85% protein, and 7.40% carbohydrates, with a total polyphenol content of 0.12% and an IC₅₀ value of 4.9724%. The shredded catfish product contained 3.32% moisture, 6.55% ash, 30.45% fat, 38.33% protein, and 21.36% carbohydrates. Safety analysis showed E. coli levels of 0 CFU/mL (safe for consumption), Pb levels of 0.3999 mg/kg, and Cd levels of 0.0312 mg/kg. Organoleptic scores for color (3.87), texture (3.97), and aroma (4.00) indicated an overall acceptance level of “liked”. Shredded catfish products based on catfish extract have high nutritional value, are safe for consumption, and are well accepted by mothers of under-five children. This product has strong potential as a local fish-based functional food to support stunting prevention efforts in the community
Copyright (c) 2026 Ferdinan Sihombing, Ellen Stephanie Rumaseuw, Maria Alfa Raniadita, Carissa Wityadarda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Coastal Resource Potential to Community Welfare: The Mediating Role of Marine Agro-Ecotourism Performance in Northern Coastal East Java, Indonesia
This study theoretically examines the determinants of Marine Agroecotourism Performance and its implications for the welfare of coastal communities using a Partial Least Squares-based Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) approach. The research model integrates Coastal Resource Potential, Socio-Cultural Aspects, and Community Empowerment as the main determinants of marine agroecotourism performance with data from 385 respondents. The results of the analysis show that these three constructs have a positive and significant effect on marine agroecotourism performance, with coastal resource potential as the most dominant factor. Furthermore, marine agroecotourism performance was found to have a significant effect on community welfare, reflecting improvements in the economic, social, and quality of life aspects of local communities. The novelty of this study lies in the development of an integrative model that links ecological, socio-cultural, and community empowerment dimensions in the context of marine agroecotourism, as well as in testing the role of tourism performance as a mediating mechanism for coastal community welfare. These findings enrich the literature on sustainable tourism and coastal area development, and provide policy implications that emphasise the importance of community-based approaches and resource sustainability in regional tourism development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mukti Ali, Akhmad Fauzi, Nuriyah Yuliati, Mubarokah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Multimethodology Analysis of Determinants of Breast Cancer Diagnosis Machine Learning
Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent and life-threatening diseases worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for accurate and interpretable diagnostic models. While machine learning has shown promise in classification tasks, many existing models lack transparency and overlook the individual contribution of cellular features essential for clinical decision-making.This study proposes an integrative and explainable framework to identify the most influential cellular-level features in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast tumors. Using a publicly available dataset comprising 569 observations and 32 numerical features, we conducted a multi-step analysis. Feature relevance was first evaluated using Pearson correlation. Random Forest and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) were employed to rank and refine the feature subset, followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction and pattern visualization. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were utilized to interpret individual predictions. Complementary statistical tests, including t-tests and chi-square analyses, assessed associations between tumor characteristics and diagnosis. A logistic regression model was developed to evaluate predictive performance.Key cellular features—such as mean radius, texture, and concavity—were consistently identified as highly predictive of diagnosis. RFE demonstrated that fewer than 10 features were sufficient for optimal classification. The logistic regression model achieved high accuracy, offering a simpler yet effective alternative for prediction.By combining statistical methods with interpretable machine learning, this study presents a transparent and clinically relevant approach to breast cancer diagnosis. The integration of SHAP values bridges the gap between model performance and interpretability, supporting more informed and personalized clinical decisions. Future work should consider external validation, image-based features, and patient demographic variables to enhance generalizability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dita Anggriani Lubis, Yuli Irnawati, Ayu Trisni Pamilih, Ria Fazelita Br Gultom https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design of a Biology E-Module Based on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) Integrated with Ethnoscience to Support the Implementation of Deep Learning
This research aims to developing a biology e-module based on education for sustainable development (ESD) integrated with ethnoscience and analysing the developed product’s validity and practicality. This research is a research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model. This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Bireuen and SMAN 1 Peusangan. Data collection instruments and techniques used expert validation test and questionnaires. The expert validation was used to measure the validity of the developed e-module. The questionnaire was used to measure the practicality of the developed e-module. Data analysis was carried out by processing validator responses and Likert scales. The validity test results showed that the average Aiken Index (V) of biology e-module based on ESD integrated with ethnoscience according to media experts and media experts was 0.81 and 0.89, respectively, with the category of very valid. The average percentage of practicality test results for the biology e-module at SMAN 1 Bireuen and SMAN 1 Peusangan were 90.5% and 85.9%, with the category of very practical. It can be concluded that the biology e-module based on ESD integrated with ethnoscience is valid and practical for use as a teaching material to support the implementation of deep learning
Copyright (c) 2026 Erlia Hanum, Zainatul Hasanah, Cut Roswita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Problem Based Learning-Based Student Worksheets to Improve 4C Skills in Science Learning in Elementary Schools
Education in the 21st century requires a shift toward student-centered learning and the strengthening of 4C skills (Creativity, Critical Thinking, Collaboration, and Communication) as mandated by the Pancasila Student Profile and the Merdeka Curriculum. Needs analysis in elementary schools shows that existing LKPD are still traditional, lack problem-solving components, do not facilitate collaboration, and have not supported higher-order thinking. This condition indicates the urgency of developing contextual and interactive LKPD based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to reinforce students’ 4C skills in grade IV IPAS lessons. This study aims to develop PBL-based LKPD to improve students’ 4C skills using the ADDIE model. The research was conducted in SDN 02 Maek, SDN 06 Maek, and SDN 07 Maek involving 30 students and 3 teachers. The product’s validity met the required standards, with media validation at 71.6% (valid), language validation at 80% (valid), and content validation at 66% (valid). Practicality testing showed scores of 86.3% from teachers (very practical) and 82.6% from students (very practical). The LKPD’s effectiveness was demonstrated through an average N-Gain of 0.77 (high). Thus, the developed LKPD is categorized as valid, very practical, and effective in strengthening 4C skills in grade IV IPAS learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Laura Lailatul Qodri, Yeni Erita, Leni Zahara, Rayendra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Integrated "Vein" Pop-Up Book Media for Science Number Patterns in Increasing Interest and Critical Thinking
Science learning in elementary school plays an important role in developing students’ learning interest and critical thinking skills. However, students often experience difficulties in understanding abstract concepts such as vertebrate and invertebrate classification due to limited interactive learning media. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an integrated learning medium called the “VEIN” (Vertebrate–Invertebrate) flashcards and 3D pop-up book to increase students’ learning interest and critical thinking skills. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design conducted in two elementary schools in Jambi City involving 16 third-grade students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and critical thinking tests, and analyzed quantitatively using percentage analysis. The results showed that 62.5% of students were categorized as having high learning interest, 25% medium, and 12.5% low. Critical thinking skills improved particularly in interpretation (68.75%) and analysis (62.5%) indicators, while inference reached 43.75% in the medium category. These findings indicate that the VEIN media effectively promotes active engagement, facilitates concrete conceptual understanding, and supports the gradual development of critical thinking skills. In conclusion, the VEIN flashcards and pop-up book are feasible, practical, and effective as innovative media to enhance learning interest and critical thinking in integrated elementary science learning
Copyright (c) 2026 Ria Budi Astuti, Helti Lygia Mampouw, Ferdy Semuel Rondonuwu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improving Sustainability in the Palm Oil Supply Chain: Cradle-to-Gate Economic, Environmental, and Social Life Cycle Evidence from Indonesia
The palm oil supply chain plays a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy; however, it faces persistent sustainability challenges related to economic volatility, environmental impacts, and social issues. These challenges necessitate an integrated sustainability assessment across all stages of the supply chain. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability performance of the palm oil agroindustry in North Sumatra, Indonesia, by simultaneously assessing economic, environmental, and social dimensions using a Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) approach. The study applies Life Cycle Costing (LCC) to assess lifecycle costs and financial feasibility, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) using ReCiPe Midpoint (H) and USEtox methods to evaluate environmental impacts, and Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA) to analyze social performance. The assessment scope is cradle to gate, covering plantation activities through Crude Palm Oil (CPO) processing. Primary data were collected from 90 respondents, including workers and local communities, through surveys and interviews. Secondary data were used to compile life cycle inventories and cost structures. The results indicate that fertilization, pest and disease control, and fossil-based electricity consumption at the processing stage are the main contributors to environmental impacts, particularly global warming, eutrophication, and toxicity. Economically, the palm oil supply chain generates positive value added and is financially feasible. Social indicators generally meet minimum regulatory standards. Overall, the ecoefficiency assessment categorizes the system as affordable but not yet environmentally sustainable due to high environmental costs. The novelty of this study lies in the integrated application of LCC, LCA, and SLCA within a single cradle-to-gate framework for the palm oil agroindustry in Indonesia, enabling a comprehensive and simultaneous sustainability evaluation
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Salman Hanan Fadlillah, Silvana Maulidah, Fitria Dina Riana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0