Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA contains scientific articles form of research results that include science, technology, and teaching in the field of science. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA is published monthly. Authors across the globe are welcome to submit their research papers in the prestigious journal fulfilling the requisite criterion.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
The Role of Inquiry Based Learning in Science Learning: A Systematic Review of Literature
This study aims to examine the role of Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) in improving the quality of science learning through a systematic literature review. The methodology followed the PRISMA framework, analyzing 17 reputable scientific articles retrieved from the Scopus database between 2018 and 2024. The results of the study indicate that IBL has a significant positive impact on science learning, particularly in enhancing students’ conceptual understanding, scientific process skills, and critical thinking abilities. Additionally, IBL contributes to increasing students’ motivation and positive attitudes toward science through active engagement in the learning process. Further discussion reveals that the success of IBL implementation is influenced by various factors, such as teacher readiness, availability of facilities, and learning time management. Nevertheless, IBL remains an effective approach in supporting student-centered science learning. Overall, this study concludes that IBL has great potential in improving the quality of science learning, but requires appropriate support and implementation strategies to be applied optimally
Copyright (c) 2026 Ainun Nadira, Insih Wilujeng, Heru Kuswanto, Nisya Indriyanti Irawan, Malik Wira Gustama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Systematic Literature Review: Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) Model in Science Learning at Junior High School Level
Natural Sciences (IPA) plays an important role since elementary school as a foundation in developing students' logical, critical, and creative thinking skills. This study aims to examine the learning outcomes of science and the types of research used with the Predict–Observe–Explain (POE) learning model at the Junior High School (SMP) level through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The SLR method was carried out by searching scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 through the Crossref and Scopus databases related to science learning outcomes and the types of research used in the application of the POE model. Inclusion criteria included articles discussing the implementation of the POE model in science learning at the junior high school level. Based on the analysis of the 13 articles reviewed, it can be concluded that the POE model can be implemented in various types of research, such as experiments, Classroom Action Research (CAR), Research and Development (R&D), and quantitative descriptive research. The results of the study indicate that the POE model contributes to science learning at the junior high school level, especially in improving students' scientific literacy and critical thinking skills. In addition, the POE model has also been proven effective in improving science learning outcomes, developing creative and analytical thinking skills, increasing learning motivation and improving students' communication skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gusti Ayu Dewi Wismayani, Rai Sujanem, Ni Made Pujani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis Study of Physics Digital Teaching Materials in Improving Critical Thinking Skills Student Participants: Literature Review
In the context of physics learning, critical thinking is a key tool for students to understand complex and abstract natural phenomena. Physics requires students to possess strong analytical skills, logical problem-solving skills, and the ability to connect theory to reality. At present, technological developments demand teaching materials that are able to support physics learning to be more varied, interesting, and effective in honing students critical thinking. However, the use of digital teaching materials for this purpose has not been widely applied in schols, especially at the junior and widely known. This study aims to examine and review various national and international articles that develop or use digital teaching materials in physics learing. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach. Data were collected from relevant articles and journals from 2018 to 2024. A total of 48 articles were identifies and analyzed using coding techniques to understand trens in digital teaching materials in improving critical thingking skills. The results showed that e-modules are the most widely developed and used digital teaching materials in research. This finding contributes that e-modulea can be a solution to improve students critical thinking skills through more innovative physics learning
Copyright (c) 2026 Suriza Putri, Festiyed, Fatni Mufit, Fuja Novitra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Development, Research Trends, and Emerging Opportunities of Ethno-PjBL in Chemistry Education: A Bibliometric Study
This study is a bibliometric research aimed at discussing the development of research on Ethno-Project-Based Learning (Ethno-PjBL) in chemistry education from 2017 to 2024. This study utilised the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach with data extracted from Google Scholar using the Publish or Perish (PoP) software. A total of 23 relevant articles were analysed using VOSviewer to identify the highest number of publications, authors with the most publications, research trends, and opportunities for further research. The results of the study indicate that interest in Ethno-PjBL research during 2017 to 2024 showed stable but limited growth, as it experienced both increases and decreases. The highest number of publications occurred in 2021 and 2024, with five publications each. The author with the most publications was Sudarmin from Semarang State University with 7 documents. Ethno-PjBL research focused on several themes, such as ethnochemistry, ethno-STEM, creative thinking skills, development, and teaching materials. The visualisation results show that Ethno-PjBL research focuses on the integration of local culture in project-based chemistry learning. Meanwhile, new topics such as "natural products" and "Ethno-STEM approach" have great potential for further research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dina Dania Navieta, Jaslin Ikhsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hybrid Review: Research Trends Fe3O4-WTa37O95.487 Magnetic Nanocomposite as a Multifunctional Adsorbent for Decontamination of Industrial Dye Wastewater of Woven Fabrics
The increasing discharge of dye-contaminated wastewater from the textile industry poses serious environmental and health challenges, necessitating the development of efficient, sustainable, and reusable treatment materials. This study presents a hybrid review integrating a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis to critically examine research trends, material design strategies, adsorption mechanisms, and existing limitations of magnetic nanocomposite adsorbents for textile dye wastewater treatment. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 30 peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2025 were systematically selected for SLR from Scopus and SINTA databases and 200-500 articles for bibliometric analysis. Bibliometrics focuses on Scopus data (to identify global trends), while SINTA is used to strengthen SLR in the local context of the Indonesian textile industry. Bibliometric mapping using VOSviewer reveals a growing research emphasis on multifunctional materials, regeneration performance, and sustainability, while the SLR highlights a dominant focus on binary nanocomposite systems and single-dye adsorption studies under idealized laboratory conditions. A significant research gap is identified in the integration of complex tungsten–tantalum oxide phases with magnetic Fe₃O₄ matrices. Addressing this gap, this review identifies the integration of complex tungsten–tantalum oxide phases as a promising future research direction to overcome current limitations in chemical stability and improved resistance to harsh textile wastewater environments. The findings provide strategic insights for the design of next-generation magnetic adsorbents with improved industrial applicability and environmental sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Susilawati, Muhammad Taufik, Teguh Ardianto, Syarful Annam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Inclusive Mathematics Education Applied in Science through Assistive Technology: Advancing SDG 4 for Deaf Students in Indonesia
The integration of assistive technology is a key pillar in creating an inclusive mathematics education ecosystem for deaf students. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) analyzed 49 reference sources to map the trends and effectiveness of learning media at secondary school levels. Findings show the primary focus on practical solutions utilizing students' visual cognitive strengths. Geometry is the most frequent topic (39%) due to its visualization nature that suits deaf visual learners. The reviewed literature indicates that integrating digital media—such as Augmented Reality (AR), Android applications, and subtitled videos—yields average validity scores ranging from 86.50%. This study concludes that transforming physical teaching aids into an interactive digital ecosystem is a crucial solution to bridge verbal communication barriers and mathematical abstraction in secondary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siska Armeilia, Abna Hidayati, Jasrial, Ulfia Rahmi, Rayendra, Elsa Efrina, Eka Iswandy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of the Physics Edupark Concept for Pre-Design of a Physics E-Book Based on Local Potential and the Quality of Physics Tourism Education
The implementation of digital technology has had a significant positive impact on education by expanding access to learning, allowing students to learn anytime and anywhere digitally. This study aims to observe and analyze the edupark at the Bukit Langkisau tourist attraction and the relationship between physics materials and the tourist attraction. After the analysis, this Edupark e-book can be developed. The results of this study indicate that printed books are still predominantly used in schools, and the use of non-printed books is still lacking; the average results of student knowledge and skills are still low; learning materials integrated with Edupark at tourist attractions are still rarely used; and have not been able to improve students' digital literacy. The conclusion of this study is the need to develop an integrated physics education e-book at tourist destinations. The Bukik Langkisau tourist attraction has the potential to be used as an educational park for learning, but has not been optimally implemented due to difficult access to the tourist location. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an integrated physics education park e-book at the Bukit Langkisau tourist attraction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadya Syahdi, Hamdi Rifai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research Trends Material Physics E-Module Based on Synthesis and Characterization of Barium M-Hexaferrite using PjBL Model to Enhance Student Creativity (A Review)
This study aims to map and synthesize existing research related to PjBL-based e-modules, student creativity, and BaM hexaferrite material studies, in order to identify research trends, gaps, and opportunities for interdisciplinary integration. A Hybrid Review methodology was employed, combining a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by PRISMA 2020 and a Bibliometric Review. Literature published between 2018 and 2025 was collected from Scopus and SINTA databases. A total of 38 eligible articles were included for qualitative synthesis and bibliometric mapping. The SLR examined research focus, methodologies, learning outcomes, and material synthesis approaches, while the bibliometric analysis explored publication trends, keyword co-occurrence, collaboration networks, and thematic structures. The results indicate that PjBL-based e-modules are consistently effective in fostering creativity and higher-order thinking skills. However, bibliometric evidence reveals a clear separation between physics education research and BaM hexaferrite material studies, with minimal thematic overlap. This finding highlights a significant research gap and underscores the novelty of integrating BaM hexaferrite synthesis and characterization into a PjBL-oriented e-module. The study provides a strong conceptual foundation for developing research-based digital learning materials that promote authentic scientific creativity in higher education physics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Susilawati, Kosim, Nisa Hidayatullah, Syarful Annam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Review: Research Trends on Development of a Sensor-Based Linear Motion Kit with Problem-Based Learning Model to Improve Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking Skills
This study aims to synthesize and map research trends related to the development of sensor-based linear motion kits integrated with a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model to enhance students’ problem-solving and critical thinking skills in physics education. A Hybrid Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Bibliometric Review was employed following PRISMA guidelines. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 were retrieved from Scopus and SINTA databases. Articles focusing on sensor-based kits and PBL in high school or university physics were included. After identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion processes, 30 relevant studies were analyzed. Bibliometric techniques were used to identify publication trends, keyword co-occurrence, and thematic clusters, while qualitative synthesis examined pedagogical approaches and learning outcomes. The findings indicate a growing research interest in sensor-supported physics learning and PBL integration. Studies consistently report that sensor-based linear motion kits embedded in PBL environments effectively support real-time data interpretation, experimental reasoning, and collaborative inquiry, leading to significant improvements in problem-solving and critical thinking skills. However, gaps remain in the integration of low-cost, curriculum-aligned sensor kits and in long-term empirical validation. This review highlights the pedagogical potential of integrating sensor-based linear motion kits with PBL and provides evidence-based insights to guide future research and instructional design in physics education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Susilawati, Prapti Sedijani, Jaswadi, Syarful Annam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Students’ Learning Outcomes in Chemistry through Problem-Based Learning: A Systematic Literature Review Supporting Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education)
This study aims to systematically analyze the effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in enhancing students’ learning outcomes in chemistry education. This research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach following PRISMA 2020 guidelines with strict inclusion criteria. A total of 30 empirical studies published between 2010 and 2025 were selected from Scopus- and SINTA-indexed journals. The findings indicate that PBL significantly improves students’ conceptual understanding, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills, particularly in topics such as reaction rates, chemical equilibrium, and acid–base chemistry. Furthermore, the integration of PBL with digital media and contextual approaches strengthens its effectiveness in supporting meaningful learning. However, challenges related to teacher readiness and the need for appropriate scaffolding remain critical issues. This study contributes to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) by promoting effective student-centered learning strategies in chemistry education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elva Laila, Festiyed, Yerimadesi, Yulkifli, Skunda Diliarosta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The The Moderating Role of Work Engagement in the Relationship between Workplace Spirituality and Innovative Work Behavior Among General Practitioners: A Meta-Analysis
This study aims to examine the moderating role of work engagement in the relationship between workplace spirituality (WS) and innovative work behavior (IWB) among general practitioners (GPs). A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA (2021) guidelines. A comprehensive search across Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar identified 16,800 records. After removing duplicates (n = 3,215) and screening, seven quantitative studies (N = 3,025 GPs) were included. A random-effects model was applied due to substantial heterogeneity (I² = 91.35%). The results showed a moderate and significant positive relationship between WS and IWB (r = 0.52, 95% CI [0.42–0.60]). A narrative comparison based on study characteristics suggested that work engagement may strengthen this relationship, with stronger associations observed in studies reporting higher employee engagement (r = 0.61) compared to those with lower engagement (r = 0.38). However, formal moderator analysis was limited due to the small number of included studies (k = 7). Subgroup analysis indicated no significant effect of GP workforce characteristics (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that workplace spirituality enhances innovative behavior through meaning and value alignment, but its effectiveness depends on work engagement. Strengthening both factors may improve physician innovation and support sustainable general practitioners (GPs) aligned with SDG 3.
Copyright (c) 2026 Umi Kulsum, Djazuly Chalidyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Socioscientific Issues Integration in Science Education for Developing Scientific Argumentation Skills and Supporting Sustainable Development Goals: A Systematic Review
Socioscientific Issues (SSI) integration in science education connects scientific concepts with complex real-world problems while fostering students’ scientific argumentation skills. This systematic review examines SSI integration in science learning, its contribution to students’ scientific argumentation, and the role of digital learning resources.The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and analyzed empirical studies published between 2020 and 2025. Literature searches were conducted in October 2025 using Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Taylor & Francis Online with Boolean operators such as (“socioscientific issues” AND “scientific argumentation”). From an initial pool of 800 articles, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed through thematic synthesis. The findings reveal four dominant SSI integration patterns: scientific discuSSIon and debate, problem- and project-based learning, evidence-based decision-making, and digital instructional media. SSI integration consistently strengthens structural and dialogic argumentation, evidence evaluation, complexity-based reasoning, and consideration of ethical and social dimensions. However, studies integrating SSI into digital instructional resources remain limited. Teacher competence, argumentative scaffolding, and contextual issue relevance were identified as key supporting factors, while limited instructional materials and curriculum pressure became major barriers. These findings provide an empirical foundation for developing SSI-based science instruction and digital learning resources that support scientific argumentation in 21st-century education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desilawati Triana, Muhamad Yusup, Ida Sriyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Clinical Supervision in Improving Pedagogical Competence of Science Teachers in Experimental Material: A Review
This study aims to analyze the role of clinical supervision in improving science teachers’ pedagogical competence in experiment-based learning through a systematic literature review approach. Data were collected from national and international journal articles published between 2013 and 2024 indexed in Google Scholar, ERIC, Scopus, and DOAJ. A total of 35 articles were selected using PRISMA procedures and analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that clinical supervision contributes significantly to improving lesson planning, classroom management, instructional strategies, and authentic assessment in experimental science learning. Structured feedback, reflective dialogue, and continuous mentoring were identified as the main factors supporting teachers’ professional development. However, several challenges such as limited facilities, teacher workload, and supervisor competence still influence the effectiveness of implementation. This study highlights the importance of structured clinical supervision as a sustainable professional development strategy to strengthen science teachers’ pedagogical competence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Susi Wulandari, Nesi Anti Andini, Ma'rifatun Ni'mah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Self-Regulated Learning-Based Approaches in Teacher Mentoring and Professional Development: A Systematic Review
The growing complexity of 21st-century education demands that teachers function not only as subject specialists but as self-regulated learners capable of sustaining their own professional growth. Despite an expanding body of research on self-regulated learning (SRL) in educational contexts, systematic reviews synthesizing SRL-based approaches in teacher professional development (TPD), particularly in relation to mentoring and advisory roles, remain limited. This study examined how SRL is integrated within TPD and its role in supporting changes in instructional practice. A systematic literature review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted, drawing on records from Scopus, ERIC, and ScienceDirect published between 2015 and 2025. Of 518 identified records, 27 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed thematically. Three principal findings emerged: teachers’ SRL functions as a foundational mechanism for professional development; SRL capacity is enacted through instructional practices including explicit strategy instruction, cognitive modeling, reflective task design, and formative assessment; and the sustainability of these practices depends on relational and organizational supports such as coaching, professional learning communities, and educational technology. These findings offer a coherent framework for designing TPD programs that are reflective, adaptive, and oriented toward lifelong professional learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Risdiyanto, Hernawan A. H., Johan R. C., Fadlillah A. F. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integration of Creative Problem Solving and Deep Learning in Physics Education to Support SDG-4 Quality Education: A Systematic Literature Review
Physics education in the 21st century requires learning approaches that promote creative thinking and problem-solving skills while fostering meaningful understanding. This study aims to analyze the integration of the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) model and the deep learning approach (as a pedagogical strategy emphasizing conceptual understanding rather than artificial intelligence) in physics education. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method following the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 124 articles published between 2018 and 2025 were identified from the SINTA and Scopus databases, of which 8 articles met the inclusion and quality criteria. The results indicate that the CPS model is effective in enhancing creative thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and conceptual understanding in physics learning, while the deep learning approach strengthens conceptual understanding through meaningful and reflective learning processes. Furthermore, the integration of CPS and deep learning demonstrates potential in facilitating structured problem-solving processes supported by deeper conceptual engagement. In conclusion, the integration of CPS and deep learning can improve the quality of physics learning and contribute to the achievement of SDG 4 (Quality Education) by promoting higher-order thinking skills and meaningful learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Monika Ruth Cahayana, Endang Purwaningsih, Sunaryono, Anggita Meilina Putri, Kafa Pramitha Anggraini Indhira Artanti, Muhammad Ikhbar Ihshan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Advancing SDG 4 Through TPACK in Chemistry Education: A Systematic Literature Review
This systematic literature review examines the implementation of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) in chemistry education in the post-pandemic learning context, with particular relevance to the advancement of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) on quality education. The study aims to identify how TPACK has been implemented in chemistry learning and to analyze its effectiveness and efficiency. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and analyzed eight empirical articles published between 2022 and 2024 from Garuda, ERIC, Taylor & Francis Online, and ScienceDirect. The findings show that TPACK implementation in chemistry education mainly involves the integration of technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge through digital tools such as simulations, web-based learning, flipped learning, and virtual platforms. Most studies focused on pre-service and in-service chemistry teachers, emphasizing the development of TPACK competencies and technology-supported instructional practices. The review indicates that TPACK contributes to more interactive, flexible, and meaningful chemistry learning, particularly in explaining abstract chemical concepts and improving student engagement and learning performance. In conclusion, TPACK plays an important role in supporting quality chemistry education and may contribute to the advancement of SDG 4, provided that its implementation is supported by adequate infrastructure, continuous professional development, and institutional commitment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Fauzi Syahputra Yani, Ismi Zatya, Nurhafidhah, Mauliza, Hasby https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research Trends in Computational Thinking: A Systematic Content Analysis of Publications
Computational thinking (CT) is an essential skill for solving complex problems. This study aims to identify and analyze CT frameworks used as instructional techniques across various subjects. This research employs a literature review method. Data were obtained from the ERIC database using the keywords “computational thinking”, “science education.” From more than 600 articles published between 2012 and 2021, 32 articles were selected based on inclusion criteria. The selection process followed systematic stages: identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. Data were analyzed using content analysis focusing on publication year, source, subject area, research participants, educational level, and CT frameworks. The results indicate that CT is implemented across multiple educational levels, from preschool to higher education, and is integrated into various subjects. CT approaches are frequently combined with STEM and constructivist approaches to enhance problem-solving skills. Common CT components include decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking, along with several variations of other CT components. Overall, CT is an effective approach that can be applied across disciplines to develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills. The integration of CT in learning is recommended to improve the quality of education in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Edi Daenuri Anwar, Sarwi, Ani Rusilowati, Bambang Subali, Hartono, Siti Alimah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Integrated Science Process Skills in Elementary School
This study aims to analyze the ISPS owned by 4th-grade students at one of the Public Elementary Schools in Cilegon City, in the subject of IPAS on the five senses material. This study used a quantitative descriptive method whose sample consisted of 5 male students and 9 female students. The instrument used was a written test in the form of an essay consisting of 5 questions to measure students' science process skills. The results of the study showed that students' SPS was still low, as evidenced by the average test score of 51, which means the results of this study still indicate low abilities in ISPS. This study identified that integrated science process skills in grade 4 students are still low. These findings provide insight to teachers to design science learning activities that can actively involve students in learning activities. Thus, it is necessary to implement a learning model based on inquiry so that students can be actively involved in learning making learning more meaningful.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mellisa, Deri Hendriawan, Atep Sujana, Encep Supriatna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing High School Students’ Critical Thinking in Physics through a Virtual Classroom Critical Thinking Model: Supporting SDG 4 (Quality Education)
Developing students’ critical thinking skills (CTS) has become an essential focus in 21st-century education, particularly in digital learning environments. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Virtual Classroom Critical Thinking (VC2T) model in enhancing senior high school students’ CTS in physics learning. A pre-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test design was employed involving 56 eleventh-grade students from two science classes at a private senior high school in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected using a CTS test based on Facione’s indicators: interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, and explanation, and a student response questionnaire. Data analysis involved normalized gain (n-gain), paired-sample t-test, and effect size calculations. The results indicate a statistically significant improvement in students’ CTS after the implementation of the VC2T model, with a medium n-gain and strong effect size. In addition, students expressed positive response toward the VC2T-based learning experience. These findings suggest that the VC2T model has strong potential as an effective online instructional approach for fostering critical thinking skills in physics learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Random Forest-Based Soil Mapping to Support Sustainable Watershed Management and SDG 15 (Life on Land): A Case Study of the Curahkemadu Micro Watershed
Soil characteristics in the Curahkemadu Micro Watershed are influenced by volcanic parent material and other soil-forming factors, including organisms, topography, climate, and time. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of soil up to the subgroup level and identify the dominant factors that shape it using a machine learning approach with the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. Field surveys were conducted at 14 Land Mapping Units (LMU) in the Bocek and Donowarih villages, followed by laboratory analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Soil classification followed the United States Department of Agriculture (2022) system, utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and ArcGIS Pro for spatial mapping. The classification results showed the existence of two main subgroups: Andic Humudepts (172.73 ha) and Typic Humudepts (577.73 ha). The spatial distribution of soil was strongly influenced by slope, sub-landform, and elevation, with variable importance values of 40%, 35.7%, and 24.3%, respectively. The RF model showed high performance with good accuracy (overall accuracy = 85.7% and Cohen’s Kappa = 0.69). This research provides an important basis for the optimal and sustainable management of watershed areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ridho Maulana Ihsan, Kurniawan Sigit Wicaksono, Reni Ustiatik, Soemarno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Prospective Science Teachers’ Practicum Competencies in Promoting Sustainable and Quality Education (SDG 4)
Field practicum skills are a cornerstone of the professional competence of prospective biology teachers, yet their long-term developmental dynamics remain underexplored. This study aims to map the profile of field practicum abilities among Biology Education students at the Mataram University over a five-year period (2020-2024). Using a longitudinal quantitative approach, data were collected from 120 students through a structured, expert-validated questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests. The results indicate significant fluctuations in competency achievement: the highest average was in 2022 (79.28; SD=3.13) and the lowest in 2023 (65.93; SD=0.78). The Kruskal-Wallis test confirmed significant differences between years (χ² = 80.67; p < 0.05), with specific year pairs (e.g., 2022 vs. 2023) showing marked disparities. These findings reveal that field practicum ability is highly susceptible to curricular factors, institutional policies, and external disruptions such as extreme weather. The implication is that the development of prospective science teachers requires a learning ecosystem that is adaptive, evidence-based, and capable of proactively responding to environmental uncertainty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Liwa Ilhamdi, Agil Al Idrus, Aliefman Hakim, Lalu Zulkifli, Aris Doyan, AA Sukarso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Collaborative Mind Mapping Integrated with Inquiry-Based Learning on Students’ Collaboration Skills and Learning Outcomes in Biology Subject
This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest control group design to examine the effect of Collaborative Mind Mapping in Inquiry-Based Learning on students’ collaboration skills and learning outcomes in biology Grade XI at SMA Negeri 3 Enrekang. The population comprised 105 Grade XI FA students. Two class (XI FA 1 and XI FA 2; n = 70) were selected using cluster random sampling, with one class assigned as the experimental group and the other as the control group. Data were collected using a collaboration skills observation sheet developed based on the indicators and rubrics proposed by Greenstein (2012) and the administration of pretest and posttest learning outcome questions. Descriptive analysis showed that the experimental group’s mean collaboration score increased from 40.36 to 78.93, higher than the control group (39.23 to 68.04). Similarly, learning outcomes improved from 58.51 to 86.49 in the experimental group, compared to 58.40 to 75.20 in the control group. The ANCOVA analysis results obtained a significance value for collaboration skills of 0.000 < 0.05, and a significance value for learning outcomes of 0.002 < 0.05. It can be concluded Collaborative Mind Mapping in inquiry-based learning significantly improves students' collaboration skills and learning outcomes in biology Grade XI.
Copyright (c) 2026 Thiara Adzkia Muthmainnah, Syamsiah, Andi Mu’nisa, Firdaus Daud, Faisal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of STEM–Multirepresentation (STEM-MR) Learning Design to Enhance Undergraduate Students’ Problem-Solving Skills in Mechanics
This study aims to develop a STEM–Multirepresentation (STEM-MR) learning design for Mechanics and examine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving undergraduate students’ problem-solving skills. The study employed a research and development approach using the ADDIE model. The participants were 37 undergraduate students in the Physics Education Study Program at Universitas Sriwijaya. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, observation sheets, student response questionnaires, interviews, documentation, and pretest–posttest assessments. The STEM-MR design was developed as a seven-phase learning model that integrates STEM inquiry with multirepresentational scaffolding to support problem-solving in Mechanics. The results showed that the design was highly valid, with an average expert validation score of 3.87 on a 4-point scale. It was also very practical, with with a practicality score of 91%. In terms of effectiveness, students’ average scores increased from 52.25% on the pretest to 78.50% on the posttest. The normalized gain was 0.55, which falls into the medium category, and the effect size was 2.53, indicating a very large effect. These findings show that the STEM-MR learning design is valid, practical, and effective for enhancing undergraduate students’ problem-solving skills in Mechanics.
Copyright (c) 2026 ismet, Ketang Wiyono, Taufiq, Maghfira Aulia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of iSpring Suite-Based Mobile Learning on Human Mobility for Grade XI Science
This study aims to develop and evaluate the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of iSpring Suite-based mobile learning media integrated with gamification and Artificial Intelligence (AI) assistants for human mobility topics. This research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The research subjects involved 35 students from Class XI Biology 3 at SMAN 5 Makassar. Data collection was conducted through expert validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, cognitive learning outcome tests, and motivation questionnaires. The results showed that the developed media obtained an Aiken Index of 0.96, placing it in the very valid category. The practicality level reached 100% based on teacher responses and 85.64% from student responses, classifying it as very practical. N-Gain analysis proved an improvement in cognitive learning outcomes by 0.71 (high category) and an increase in learning motivation by 0.79 (high category). In conclusion, this iSpring Suite-based mobile learning application is highly valid, practical, and effective for enhancing high school students' motivation and cognitive learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Arham Firmansyah, Anisa, Hilmi Hambali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis Morphological Characters of Chalcorana chalconota (Schelgel, 1837) at Soraya and Ketambe Research Stations, Aceh
Chalcorana is a genus of amphibians that consists of species complexes which are difficult to distinguish morphologically. The difficulty in identifying species within this genus has prompted taxonomic research to utilize a more in-depth morphological approach in order to determine a more accurate taxonomic status and to examine the grouping of the Chalcorana genus originating from two different locations. This study used a principal component analysis (PCA) approach by measuring morphological characters. Based on the results of this study, it was found that different locations did not affect the variation in morphological characters, and therefore, no grouping was formed based on locality
Copyright (c) 2026 Fanny Lestari, Essy Harnelly, Djong Hon Tjong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Land Use Mapping Using Sentinel-2 Imagery and Volcanic Hazard Zonation for Sustainable Disaster Risk Reduction in the Mount Bromo Area, Probolinggo Regency, Indonesia
This study examines the spatial relationship between land use/land cover (LULC), volcanic hazard zones, and soil conditions in the Mount Bromo area of Probolinggo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. It aims to identify dominant LULC classes, quantify their overlap with volcanic hazard zones, and provide a spatial basis for risk-sensitive land-use planning. Sentinel-2 imagery was classified into four classes: vegetation, open land, agricultural land, and built-up area, and the results were evaluated using a confusion matrix. The classification achieved an overall accuracy of 81.97% and a kappa coefficient of 0.82, indicating reliable performance for regional-scale analysis. Agricultural land was the dominant class, covering 121,477.01 ha or 71.62% of the study area. Volcanic hazard zonation shows that 5,439.86 ha or 3.21% of Probolinggo Regency falls within Mount Bromo’s low-, moderate-, and high-hazard zones, including 941.66 ha or 0.56% in the high-hazard zone. Overlay analysis revealed that 212.39 ha of agricultural land and 16.33 ha of built-up area are located in the high-hazard zone, while 389.45 ha of agricultural land and 9.34 ha of built-up area remain in the moderate-hazard zone. Hazardous zones also spatially coincide with Mollic Andosols, indicating that volcanic risk overlaps with productive soils. These findings show that productive land and settlement-related land use are still not fully aligned with volcanic hazard conditions, highlighting the need for risk-sensitive spatial planning and adaptive land management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dody Feryanto Kurniawan, Surjono, Fauzul Rizal Sutikno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Self-Regulated Learning in Distance Education through SQ3R and Concept Mapping: Supporting SDG 4 on Quality Education
This study examines the effectiveness of a dual-strategy intervention—SQ3R and concept mapping—in enhancing students’ comprehension and self-regulated learning (SRL) in an online distance learning context at Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia, contributing to SDG 4 (Quality Education). Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected from 1.652 students through pretest–posttest measures in a one-semester course in the social sciences, followed by interviews with selected students and two instructors. Results indicate a statistically significant improvement in posttest scores (p < 0.001), although the effect size is small (d = 0.24). The strongest gains occurred in reading comprehension (SQ3R), with moderate improvements in concept mapping, while SRL gains remained limited. Qualitative findings suggest that students developed better reading structure, organization, and confidence; however, these did not fully translate into sustained metacognitive behaviors such as time management and reflective learning. This indicates that the intervention effectively improved cognitive and organizational skills but had limited short-term impact on deeper SRL habits. The study highlights the need for sustained scaffolding to develop SRL in distance education and supports the integration of structured learning strategies to improve learner autonomy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eko Kuswanti, Pesi Suryani, Melisa Arisanty, Sri Sukatmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determination of the Effects of Exposure to Emissions from Chemical Industry on Health, Environment and Regulation
Rapid industrial growth in various regions of Indonesia has contributed significantly to the national economy. Pollution of air, water, and soil has become a critical concern when industrial activities are not managed in accordance with sustainability principles. This study aims to analyze the impact of emission exposure and operational activities of the chemical industry on public health, environmental conditions, and compliance with environmental regulations. A mixed-method approach was applied, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. Quantitative data were obtained through air quality measurements and analyzed using linear regression and correlation techniques, while qualitative data explored regulatory compliance in greater depth. The findings reveal a positive correlation between increased emission exposure and higher incidences of respiratory disorders within the community. Environmental degradation was also evident, particularly in declining air quality and damage to surrounding vegetation. Although industrial practices generally comply with local environmental regulations, cases of Acute Respiratory Infections continue to rise. This indicates that regulatory compliance alone is insufficient to mitigate health risks. Therefore, stricter emission monitoring, improved transparency in environmental reporting, and enhanced community involvement are essential to support more sustainable and responsive industrial policies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Priscaningtyan, Widya Ernayati, Robby Zidny https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Botanical Pesticides on Inhibiting Colletotrichum sp. Causing Anthracnose in Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) In Vitro
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum sp. is a major postharvest disease of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) that leads to significant economic losses during storage. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of essential oil-based botanical pesticides derived from lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii L.), and wild betel (Piper aduncum L.) against Colletotrichum sp. in vitro. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications, using essential oil concentrations up to 1000 ppm in both single and combined formulations. Antifungal activity was assessed based on colony diameter and fungal biomass, and data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). All treatments significantly inhibited fungal growth compared to the control. The smallest colony diameter was recorded in the lemongrass treatment (12.80 mm), with the highest inhibition rate of 85.77%. The lowest fungal biomass was observed in the cinnamon treatment (20 mg). These results demonstrate very strong antifungal activity of the tested essential oils.This study highlights the novelty of utilizing locally sourced essential oils as botanical pesticide formulations targeting Colletotrichum sp., suggesting their potential as environmentally friendly alternatives for sustainable postharvest disease management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anisa Rahman Rusiati, Feskaharny Alamsjah, Riska, Suwirmen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Carrying Capacity Assessment for Strengthening Landscape Conservation Governance: A Case Study of the Sentarum Lake Sub-Watershed
A landscape carrying capacity assessment serves as a critical tool for strengthening sustainable natural resource governance within socio-ecological systems. This study aimed to evaluate the carrying capacity status of the Sentarum Lake Catchment Area and identify key ecological and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. The analysis was conducted using a multi-criteria index-based approach aligned with the Indonesian Minister of Forestry Regulation No. P.61/Menhut-II/2014, integrating cross-sectoral data across five dimensions: land condition, water regime, socioeconomic conditions, water infrastructure, and land use patterns. The results showed that the carrying capacity was classified as “good,” with an index value of 78.00. Nevertheless, a phenomenon of pseudo-hydrological stability was identified, in which stable flow regimes (flow regime coefficient = 0.50) and high water availability (water use index = 0.50) masked functional degradation within the system. This condition was reflected in a high annual runoff coefficient (1.50) and increasing flood frequency (1.25), indicating declining infiltration capacity. These pressures were further exacerbated by the limited proportion of natural vegetation within protected areas (45.10%) and high socioeconomic vulnerability (poverty level index = 1.50). Overall, the findings indicate a fragile equilibrium in which apparent ecological stability conceals emerging hydrological and socioeconomic risks. Without adaptive and integrated management interventions, the system is likely to shift toward structural degradation. Therefore, strengthening landscape governance requires ecosystem-based spatial planning, nature-based mitigation strategies, and inclusive local economic development to enhance long-term resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indra Kumara, Rinekso Soekmadi, Lilik B. Prasetyo, Arzyana Sunkar, Dwi Kusharyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Augmented Reality Based Digital Teaching Module for the Human Reproductive System in Class XI Science
Biology learning on the topic of the reproductive system in high schools still faces challenges due to the limited availability of learning media that can visualize abstract concepts interactively and contextually. Commonly used learning media are conventional, resulting in low student engagement and a lack of conceptual understanding. This study aims to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based digital learning module for the reproductive system and to test its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in Biology learning. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of Augmented Reality technology into the Biology learning module to provide interactive three-dimensional visualizations of the structures and processes of the reproductive system. This study used a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE development model. The subjects were 11th-grade students at SMA Negeri 23 Makassar. The research instruments consisted of expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning achievement tests in the form of pretests and posttests. Data were analyzed using Aiken's V-index to determine validity, percentage analysis to assess practicality, and N-Gain analysis to evaluate effectiveness. The research results show that the AR-based digital teaching module has very high validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Therefore, the developed module is suitable for use as an innovative learning medium in biology education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Alfiah, Rahmatia Thahir, Nurul Magfirah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improving Students' Disaster Preparedness Using Android-Based Science E-Modules with the SETS Approach
Schools become high-risk areas in the event of an earthquake. This study aims to determine the increase in students' disaster preparedness through Android-based science e-modules using the SETS approach. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test control group design. The subjects of this study were 61 eighth-grade students at an Islamic junior high school in Yogyakarta, selected through purposive sampling. The data collection instrument in this study consisted of 10 multiple-choice test items assessing disaster preparedness indicators, including knowledge and attitude, policies and guidelines, disaster response plans, early warning systems, and mobilization. Data analysis in this study used the gain standard equation to see the increase in student disaster preparedness. The findings of this study indicate that the normality test results for the control and experimental classes, for both pre-test and post-test, are significant at the 0.05 level, indicating that the data in both classes are normally distributed. The results for the experimental class showed a 70% increase in student disaster preparedness, falling into the high category, while the control class was 50%, in the medium category. These findings indicate that using Android-based science e-modules with the SETS approach can significantly increase student disaster preparedness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Himawan Putranta, Tutik Yuliatun, Kristina Uskenat, Andi Reski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Student Resilience in Responding to Climate Change in Coastal Areas of Demak Regency: Implications for SDGs
This study aims to describe the level of student resilience in facing climate change. The research subjects were senior high school students in Sayung and Bonang Subdistricts, Demak Regency. The study employed a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory strategy, in which quantitative analysis is followed by qualitative exploration. Quantitative data were obtained through the analysis of student resilience questionnaires. Meanwhile qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews with teachers and students from the schools that served as research sites. The results of the study show that most students’ resilience also falls into the moderate category 49%, low 28%, and high 23%. Qualitative findings revealed that the school environment and family support were the main factors influencing this moderate level of resilience. In conclusion, resilience serves as an important factor that mediates students’ responses to environmental stress. This study recommends strengthening school support, improving adaptive facilities to climate change, and integrating disaster education into the coastal school curriculum to enhance student resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eka Vasia Anggis, Elina Lestaryanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Detection of Adulteration in Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Based on Arduino with Machine Learning Algorithms through Dielectric Property
The mixing of pure coconut oil (VCO) with cheaper vegetable oils has negative impacts on both consumers and producers. This study aims to develop a method for detecting VCO adulteration using an ESP32-based dielectric sensor combined with a Random Forest classification algorithm. The research employed an experimental design using 225 samples, including pure VCO, canola oil, corn oil, and various mixture ratios, each measured with five repetitions. The results show that pure VCO exhibits the highest capacitance values (58.4–62.4 pF), followed by canola oil (44.8–47.8 pF) and corn oil (43.2–46.6 pF), indicating clear differences in dielectric properties related to fatty acid composition. ANOVA analysis confirmed a significant difference between pure VCO and adulterated oils (p < 0.05). The Random Forest model achieved an accuracy of 53–58% for 15-class classification, while binary classification (pure vs adulterated oil) reached more than 90% accuracy. This finding is discussed in terms of the effectiveness of dielectric sensing combined with machine learning for distinguishing oil authenticity. In conclusion, the proposed system provides a fast, low-cost, mobile, and user-friendly solution for VCO quality monitoring, with potential applications in supply chain control and consumer protection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yustina Yeyen, Maria Yunita, Yohanes Eudes Debrito, Lusitania Floribunda Mele, Yohanes Maria Vianney https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bayesian Tobit Model for Handling Left-Censored in Water Quality Assessment: A Case Study of Sunda Strait, Indonesia
As an archipelagic nation, Indonesia relies heavily on coastal activities that may affect marine water quality, yet studies addressing this issue remain limited, particularly in the presence of left-censored data. This study aims to evaluate an appropriate method for handling left-censored data in water quality assessment using the CCME-WQI, with a case study in the Sunda Strait. A Bayesian Tobit model was applied to account for left-censored observations and integrated with the CCME-WQI framework. For comparison, conventional substitution methods and exclude left-censored were also used. The performance of approaches was assessed based on their ability to produce reliable water quality index estimates. The results indicate that the Bayesian Tobit model provides more robust estimates than substitution methods, as it incorporates uncertainty through credible intervals and reduces potential bias. The estimated water quality index ranged from 83.8 to 92.1, classifying the water quality as “good.” In conclusion, the Bayesian Tobit model is a more reliable approach for handling left-censored environmental data and improving water quality assessment. This method is particularly relevant for routine monitoring and can be extended to other fields with similar data characteristics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iis Afrianti, Sjaifuddin Sjaifuddin, Najmi Firdaus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an IoT-Based Soil Sensor Practical Tool Integrated with Performance Assessment to Improve Critical Thinking in Grade X High School Students
The world of education requires practical tools that are not just demonstrations, but also provide relevant active learning experiences that trigger curiosity and fulfill 21st-century skills, namely critical thinking. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an IoT-based soil sensor practical tool integrated with performance assessment in improving students' critical thinking skills. This study used an embedded mixed-methods experimental design, with a purposive sampling technique to select two classes with similar levels of critical thinking at the beginning of the study. The study involved pre-tests and post-tests in the experimental and control classes. The results showed that the experimental class experienced a significant increase in critical thinking skills, with a post-test score increasing sharply from 48.54 to 90.42, while the control class only increased from 56.60 to 72.99. A significant difference between the two classes was revealed through the ANCOVA test (p = 0.000), which showed that the use of IoT-based tools had a significant impact on students' critical thinking skills, with a Partial Eta Squared of 0.550. Thus, the IoT-based soil sensor practical tool integrated with performance assessment has proven effective in encouraging the improvement of students' critical thinking skills, making it an innovative solution in more interactive and applicable science learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gelar Rista, Chansyanah Diawati, Undang Rosidin, Noor Fadiawati, Kartini Herlina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Jelly Candy Formulation Made from White Galangal Infusion (Alpinia galanga (L.)) As A Memory Enhancement Supplement
Background: White galangal (Alpinia galanga L.) is a herbal plant containing bioactive compounds with potential to support cognitive function, making it a promising candidate for functional food development. Objective: This study aimed to formulate white galangal infusion into a jelly candy dosage form and to evaluate its physical quality. Methods: White galangal rhizomes were dried at 40 °C, processed into simplisia powder, and extracted using the infusion method. The obtained infusion was characterized through phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatography, then formulated into jelly candies in three formulations with varying infusion concentrations. Physical quality evaluation included organoleptic properties, texture, moisture content, ash content, reducing sugar, pH, and weight uniformity. Results: The results showed that the white galangal infusion contained flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and quinones. All jelly candy formulations met the required physical quality standards, with variations in color, aroma, moisture content, and pH influenced by infusion concentration but remaining within acceptable limits. Conclusion: White galangal infusion jelly candy has the potential to be developed as a herbal-based functional food product.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gigih Kenanga Sari, Bentar Jatmiko, Ning Febriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Students' Science Literacy Ability Profiles Viewed on Competency Aspect Indicators in Science Learning Environmental Pollution Material
The twenty-first century is marked by rapid transformations driven by advances in science and technology, which significantly influence human competition and global development. In this era, science literacy has become one of the 16 essential skills identified by the World Economic Forum as crucial competencies for students. Science literacy is defined as the ability to apply scientific knowledge, identify questions, and draw conclusions based on evidence to understand natural phenomena and make informed decisions about the impact of human activities on the environment. This study employed a quantitative descriptive research method aimed at analyzing the profile of students’ science literacy skills based on competency indicators in learning environmental pollution material. The research subjects consisted of 64 students from two classes. Data collection was conducted using a test instrument based on OECD science literacy competencies, which included five indicators with a total of ten questions. The findings revealed that the highest average achievement was in identifying questions within scientific investigations, reaching 73.96%. In contrast, the lowest achievement was in transforming data between representations, with 50.45%. Overall, the average score across all indicators was 60.91%, categorized as moderate level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dinas iriandana, Raharjo, Achmad Lutfi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Carbon Emission Project through Deep Learning: A Strategy for Developing Students’ Competencies and Environmental Care Attitude
Education on climate change has become a national priority in response to the increasing impacts of global warming and the low level of students’ competencies and environmental awareness. This study aimed to analyse the effect of a project-based deep learning approach on students’ competencies and environmental care attitudes through a Deep Learning–Carbon Emission Project (DL-CEP). This study employed a mixed-methods approach with a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 36 tenth-grade students at SMA Juara Wirautama, Indramayu, Indonesia. Research instruments included competency tests, environmental care attitude questionnaires, project assessment rubrics, observations, and interviews with the science teacher. Quantitative data were analysed using paired-samples t-tests and Wilcoxon tests, along with effect size calculations, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The results revealed a significant improvement in students’ competencies, with mean scores increasing from 65.07 to 89.93 (Z = −5.014; p < 0.05) and an effect size of 0.836, categorised as a very large effect. Environmental care attitudes also showed a significant increase, from a mean score of 66 to 79, based on the paired sample t-test results (t = −9.372; p < 0.05) with a Cohen’s d value of 1.562, indicating a very large effect. Qualitative findings supported the quantitative results by demonstrating the emergence of mindful, meaningful, and joyful learning experiences. It can be concluded that the DL-CEP approach is highly effective in enhancing students’ competencies and environmental care attitudes and has strong potential as an interdisciplinary cocurricular learning model to support sustainable education. Keywords: carbon emissions project; climate change education; deep learning; student competence, environmental care attitude.
Copyright (c) 2026 Uswatun Khasanah, Budiono, Ria Arista Asih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Through Project-Based Ethnochemistry Learning
Critical thinking skills are still a problem in chemistry learning. One of the causes is teaching strategies do not contextually link chemical concepts into everyday life. This study aimed to determine whether project-based ethno-chemistry learning affected students' critical thinking skills. The research method used a quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group design. Purposive sampling was conducted and resulted a sample size of 80 students, consisting of 40 students from class XI IPA 1 (Experimental group) and 40 students from class XI IPA 2 (Control group). The critical thinking test instrument consisting of 19 questions in the topic of colloid material. The results of Mann Whitney test showed a significant difference of critical thinking post-test score between the two groups (p = 0.000, p < 0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that project-based ethno-chemistry learning had an effect on students' critical thinking skills development. According to the n-gain score (57%), project-based ethno-chemistry learning was considered quite effective to develop students' critical thinking skills. The findings of this study contributed to the selection of various innovative teaching strategies which integrates local wisdom into project-based chemistry learning, so that critical thinking skills can be improved.
Copyright (c) 2026 Burhanudin Milama, Alma Nur Fitriana, Novi Yanthi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Flood Disaster Mitigation Strategy in Kuala Lumpur
In Malaysia, flash floods or major floods often occur in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur, flooding is a natural phenomenon that occurs when the volume of water flowing in rivers, lakes, or other bodies of water overflows onto land. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of flood vulnerability and determine flood mitigation strategies. This research is descriptive quantitative, which describes the phenomenon of flood disasters through mapping results. To produce a map of flood-prone areas, mapping was carried out using ArcGIS with a scoring method to see flood hazard vulnerability. The results of the flood vulnerability mapping study in Kuala Lumpur show critical conditions with almost 90% of the total area of 27.195.47 hectares categorized as vulnerable to very vulnerable to flooding. Analysis using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method identified three priority mitigation strategies, namely Regulation (57.7%) as the highest priority which includes policy enforcement and implementation of MSMA, followed by Education (25.8%) to increase public awareness and preparedness, and Conservation (16.5%) through ecological rehabilitation and green infrastructure. The integration of these three strategies is necessary to create a comprehensive and sustainable flood mitigation framework, taking into account the high urbanization and climate change that continue to increase flood risks in the Kuala Lumpur metropolitan area.
Copyright (c) 2026 Puti Tiara Dewi, Iswandi Umar, Dedi Hermon, Febriandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Management of Archery-Based Sport Games to Improve Numeracy and Attention in Elementary School Students: A Sequential Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study
Competency-based learning transformation requires the strengthening of numeracy and attention from elementary school through meaningful, safe, and measurable learning experiences. This study aimed to synthesize scientific evidence on the management of archery-based sport games and to verify its practical relevance through primary questionnaire data. A sequential exploratory mixed-methods design was employed. The first phase consisted of a systematic literature review conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A Scopus search identified 170 records, which were screened based on publication year, article type, language, access status, primary data orientation, and relevance to archery, target sports, physical education games, attention, and numeracy integration. A total of 25 articles were included in the narrative synthesis. The second phase was conducted using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire administered to 25 elementary school physical education students who had experience in archery courses. The results showed very high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.945. The overall item mean was 4.47 out of 5, the mean total score was 120.80 out of 135 with SD = 10.81, and 96.74% of responses were categorized as positive. The safety and readiness construct obtained the highest mean score (M = 4.75), followed by attention enhancement (M = 4.49), motivation and engagement (M = 4.49), game-based learning design (M = 4.42), numeracy integration (M = 4.38), and implementation feasibility (M = 4.34). The integration of both findings indicates that archery-based games have the potential to serve as a safe, engaging, and measurable physical education strategy for training focus and embedding contextual numeracy activities. However, claims regarding numeracy improvement still require direct experimental testing with elementary school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hendra Setyawan, Widha Srianto, Ismail Gani, Diah Andika Sari, Matsuri, Ratko Pavlovic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Moderation of Learning Motivation on the Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning on Elementary School Students' Science Literacy: Quasi-Experimental Pretest–Posttest
This research is motivated by the importance of scientific literacy at the elementary school level and the need for an effective learning model to improve it, by considering students' psychological factors such as learning motivation. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and learning motivation on elementary school students' scientific literacy, and to test the interaction between the two variables. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest nonequivalent control group. The sample consisted of 60 fourth-grade students at Mekar Bakti Public Elementary School, Indonesia, divided into two classes (n=30 each). Scientific literacy was measured using a PISA-oriented essay test (scale 0–100), while learning motivation was assessed with a 40-item Likert questionnaire (α=0.884). Data were analyzed using a 2×2 factorial ANOVA and Tukey HSD follow-up test. The findings showed that: Students in the PBL class achieved higher scientific literacy than those in the conventional class (M=78.63 vs 68.57; p=0.001); Students with high motivation outperformed students with low motivation (M=76.67 vs 70.53; p=0.039); There was a significant interaction between PBL and learning motivation (F (1.56) =17.23; p<0.001); The post-hoc test results showed that the PBL-high motivation group performed significantly better than the other three groups. These findings indicate that the PBL model is most effective when student motivation is high.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rina Astuti, Adhi Susilo, Rai Bagus Triadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Academic Self-Efficacy, Achievement Motivation, and Academic Resilience as Predictors of Science Learning Outcomes among Students in the Elementary School Teacher Education Programme
Science learning outcomes among elementary school teacher education students are determined not only by mastery of content but also by psychological factors that influence engagement, persistence, and academic success. This study aimed to analyse the effects of academic self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and academic resilience on the science learning outcomes of students in the Elementary School Teacher Education Programme. The study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational survey design. The respondents comprised 136 students. Data were collected through a four-point Likert-scale questionnaire, with 16 items for each variable, and were then analysed using multiple linear regression. Instrument quality indicated that all items were valid and reliable, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.951 for academic self-efficacy, 0.953 for achievement motivation, 0.962 for academic resilience, and 0.979 for science learning outcomes. The findings showed that the three predictors simultaneously had a significant effect on science learning outcomes with R = 0.909, R² = 0.826, and F(3,132) = 209.460, p < 0.001. Partially, academic self-efficacy had a significant positive effect, academic resilience emerged as the most dominant predictor, whereas achievement motivation had no significant effect after being controlled together with the other variables. These findings underscore that improving the science learning outcomes of Elementary School Teacher Education students should focus on strengthening academic confidence and learning resilience through challenging, supportive, and sustainable learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agung Hastomo, Hendra Setyawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigation of High School Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Light Waves: Survey in West Java
Conceptual understanding is key to learning. It serves as the groundwork that enables students to apply concepts and build higher-order skills. However, previous studies have shown that students’ conceptual understanding of light waves remains limited, and comprehensive data across multiple regions are still lacking. This study investigates students’ conceptual understanding of light waves in West Java. The sample comprised 189 twelfth-grade students who had completed instruction on light waves, selected using a random sampling technique. Employing a survey design with a quantitative descriptive approach, data were analyzed using Rasch Model techniques. The instrument used was a 29-item multiple-choice Light Phenomena Conceptual Assessment (LPCA) which has been validated and reported as reliable. Based on person logit scores, results indicate that 58.73% of students fall into the low-ability category, 26.98% into the medium category, and 14.29% into the high category. These results indicate that majority of students have not yet attained an adequate level of conceptual understanding and still experience difficulties in understanding light wave concepts, which may limit their problem-solving abilities. These outcomes can inform educators and researchers in designing instructional strategies and learning media to more effectively teach light wave concepts and thereby improve students’ conceptual grasp.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syafnah Aisyah Nauli Harahap, Ika Mustika Sari, Dadi Rusdiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Science and Entrepreneurial Character Among Islamic Boarding School Students Through an Integrated Agribusiness Model
This study analyzes the integration of scientific knowledge and entrepreneurial character development among santri (Islamic boarding school students) through an integrated agribusiness model at two pesantren in East Ogan Komering Ulu, Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study approach with interviews, observation, and document analysis, findings reveal that both institutions systematically combine scientific agricultural practices—such as hydroponics, organic cultivation, and sustainable resource management—with Islamic ethical principles like amanah (trustworthiness) and muamalah fiqh. Three core strategies emerged: value-infused mentorship, reflective practice, and community-engaged learning, which collectively cultivate a distinctive "santripreneur" identity wherein scientific literacy, economic agency, and spiritual accountability mutually reinforce one another. Santri demonstrated enhanced entrepreneurial self-efficacy, innovation orientation, evidence-based decision-making, and ethical reasoning. The study concludes that integrated agribusiness models effectively internalize entrepreneurial character when grounded in experiential learning, science-based pedagogy, and value-based instruction. However, scalability requires addressing systemic constraints—including technological access, market linkages, and educator capacity—through coordinated multi-stakeholder support. These insights offer a replicable framework for Islamic educational institutions seeking to cultivate ethically grounded, scientifically literate, and economically resilient graduates capable of contributing to sustainable rural development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afiful Ihwan, Wahidmurni, Jamiluddin Yacub https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of the SVLK Policy Post UUCK on the Sustainability of Community Forests in Banten Province, Indonesia
The Timber Legality Verification System (SVLK) is a policy instrument designed to ensure the legality of timber forest products and sustainability of community forest management in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the SVLK policy in Banten Province, map the roles and interests of stakeholder, and assess its economic impact on the income of community forest farmers before and post implementation of the Job Creation Law (UUCK). The study used a mixed method approach (combining qualitative and quantitative) using structured and in-depth interviews to farmers and related stakeholders. The analysis used consist of policy implementation analysis, stakeholder analysis (actor grid), income analysis, and the Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C) analysis. The results indicate that SVLK implementation has not been effective due to limitations in human resources, budget, policy communication, and the absence of specific SOPs. The Forest Management Unit (FMU) is a forest farmer association formed with a common goal and has a management, which will undergo SVLK certification in Banten Province. The FMU and the Ministry of Forestry play the role of Key Players with the highest level of interest and influence. Economically, self-funded SVLK certification causes losses for farmers, while financial facilitation from the state budget (APBN) improves business feasibility but has not significantly improved farmer welfare. This study recommends improvements to the SVLK policy design through strengthening institutional capacity, regulatory consistency, and fairer economic incentive schemes for community forest farmers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tutik Handayani, Bramasto Nugroho, Leti Sundawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Flatline Anomaly Detection in Automatic Weather Station Air Temperature Sensor Data Using LSTM Autoencoder
The quality of air temperature data from Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) is crucial for meteorological analysis, climatology, and early warning systems. However, flatline anomalies, a condition where sensor values ​​tend to remain constant over a period of time, can degrade data quality and are often not optimally detected by conventional rule-based quality control (QC) methods. Previous research is also limited in specifically examining flatline detection, with most studies focusing on general anomalies and not integrating deep learning approaches with operational quality control systems. This study proposes a data-driven approach using a Long Short-Term Memory Autoencoder (LSTM-AE) combined with Level-1 QC. The novelty of this study lies in the use of a normal-only training scheme, anomaly threshold determination based on the reconstruction error distribution, and post-detection diagnosis to identify flatline characteristics. The methods include QC filtering, sliding window formation, model training, threshold determination, and anomaly detection. The results show stable model performance with an anomaly threshold value of 0.01177 (MSE). Of the 985,730 data windows, approximately 0.578% were detected as anomalies, indicating that flatline occurrences are relatively small but still significant to data quality. Most anomalies are short-lived and discontinuous, indicating localized sensor noise. This study demonstrates that LSTM-AE is effective as an adaptive flatline detection method and has the potential to be implemented as an automated QC module in AWS systems to improve data reliability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Meidi W. Lestari, Fitria N. Hulu, Rina Anugrahwaty, Muhammad S. H. Daulay, Mutiara W. Sitopu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Information Security Architecture for Pesantren: The Synergy of ISO/IEC 27001 and TOGAF ADM in Supporting Sustainable Quality Education
Digital transformation in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) presents new challenges in protecting information assets and student data privacy. This study aims to perform an information security analysis in a pesantren currently undergoing a crucial digital transition, aligned with the institutional vision to implement digital administrative services and science-and-technology-based learning. The research methodology integrates the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 information security standard as an audit instrument into the TOGAF ADM framework, limited to Phase D (Technology Architecture). This approach aims to establish a foundational infrastructure and critical technical governance that complies with security standards prior to the architecture implementation phase. A selection of 41 security controls was made through asset identification and risk assessment to represent the specific operational needs of the pesantren for effective mitigation. Research findings reveal significant gaps in identity management, backup protocols, and cryptography, stemming from a governance approach that remains reactive. This study concludes that strengthening information security through policy standardization, the implementation of Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), and data recovery procedures is urgent to ensure the integrity and sustainability of digital services. The synergy between regulatory compliance and resilient technology architecture serves as the primary determinant in protecting data sovereignty within traditional educational institutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 yussrizal Asygaf, Dinar Mutiara Kusumo Nugraheni, Oky Dwi Nurhayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Secretory Structure and Histochemistry of Leaf of Medicinal Plant Arcangelisia Flava
This study aimed to identify the tissue-level localization of major secondary metabolites and to describe the secretory structures of Arcangelisia flava leaves. Fresh transverse and paradermal hand sections of mature leaves were subjected to histochemical tests for flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids, and lipophilic compounds. Flavonoids were predominantly localized in the epidermis, mainly in the form of flavones, while flavanones were specifically detected in guard cells. Phenolic compounds were abundant in both epidermal and mesophyll tissues. Alkaloids were mainly localized in idioblasts in both the epidermis and mesophyll and were present in trichomes. Idioblasts in the epidermis and mesophyll were likewise sites of terpenoid accumulation, while essential oils were restricted to the epidermis. Lipophilic compounds were concentrated in epidermal idioblasts and were particularly abundant in the cuticle. Laticifers were also involved in the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Glandular hydathode trichomes accumulated flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and lipophilic compounds, contrasting with previous reports of non-glandular trichomes in this species. These findings provide the first detailed histochemical characterization of A. flava leaves and highlight key secretory features relevant to its defensive and medicinal functions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yohana Caecilia Sulistyaningsih, Devi Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Interactive E-Module Using a PBL Approach to Static Electricity Materials to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills
This research is a type of research and development (R&D) using the 4D model: define, design, develop, and disseminate. The goal of this research and development is to find out the content validity, practitioners’ responses, and the effectiveness of using an interactive e-module with a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach in physics learning to improve students’ critical thinking skills. The content validity of the e-module was evaluated by experts and tested using Aiken’s V. Its practicality was evaluated by 10 physics teachers from South Sulawesi. The e-module was tested on 19 students in class XII B at MAN Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar. The instruments used in this study included a validation sheet for the e-module, a validation sheet for the practitioners’ response questionnaire, and a critical thinking test validation sheet. Each instrument was validated by experts. The practitioners’ questionnaire and the critical thinking test were also used in the study. The results showed that the PBL-based interactive e-module in physics learning was valid according to the experts, highly practical according to the practitioners’ responses, and effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills, with an N-gain percentage of 57,71%. Based on the results, the developed e-module is considered valid, practical, and effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sitti Maryani, Pariabti Palloan, Khaeruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Virtual Reality Media with a Deep Learning Approach to Improve Early Childhood Science Literacy Skills
This study aims to develop Virtual Reality (VR)-based learning media integrated with a deep learning approach to improve early childhood science literacy skills. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The study was conducted at Bunda Musnidar Kindergarten, Padang, involving children aged 5–6 years. Data were collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and science literacy tests, and analyzed using validity, practicality, and effectiveness tests, including N-Gain and paired sample t-test analysis. The results indicate that the developed VR media achieved a media validity score of 91.25% and material validity of 95%, both categorized as very valid. The practicality test showed a score of 94.44%, indicating that the media is highly practical for classroom use. Furthermore, the effectiveness test revealed an N-Gain score of 0.78 (high category), supported by a significant difference between pre-test and post-test results. These findings demonstrate that VR-based learning media integrated with a deep learning approach effectively enhances early childhood science literacy. The study concludes that immersive and meaningful learning experiences facilitated through VR significantly support children’s ability to observe, explore, and understand scientific concepts in real-life contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Aisyah, Delfi Eliza, Yaswinda, Setiyo Utoyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Spatial Pattern Analysis of Schmidt–Ferguson Climate Classification in Gorontalo Province Based on Rainfall Data
Climate change has altered rainfall patterns in Indonesia; however, spatially detailed climate classification in Gorontalo Province remains limited. This study aims to identify climate patterns using the Schmidt–Ferguson method combined with spatial analysis. The novelty lies in integrating data consistency testing, quantitative Q index analysis, and GIS-based interpolation to produce spatial climate zoning. This study uses monthly rainfall data from 41 consistent observation stations (out of 48 stations) during 2015–2024, obtained from BWS Sulawesi II and BMKG. Data consistency was tested using the Double Mass Curve method, followed by calculation of the Q index and spatial interpolation using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. Results show that rainfall data are highly consistent (R² ≈ 1). The Q index ranges from 7.6 to 119, indicating diverse climate types: very wet (A), wet (B), moderately wet (C), moderate (D), and slightly dry (E). Spatially, wet climates dominate mountainous areas, while relatively drier conditions occur in coastal regions. These findings are applicable for crop calendar planning, irrigation management, and disaster mitigation such as flood-prone and drought-prone zoning. However, the study is limited by uneven station distribution and a 10-year observation period. In conclusion, Gorontalo Province exhibits high spatial variability of climate influenced by topography and geographic location.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gifari S Pratama, Ahmad Syamsu Rijal S, Talha Dangkua, Dewa Oka Suparwata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring Ethnoscience through Dodol Pangi: Context-Based Learning in the Soppeng Community
This study aims to explore the scientific concepts embedded in the traditional production of dodol pangi (Pangium edule) in the Soppeng community, South Sulawesi, and to examine its potential as a context for integrating ethnoscience into science learning. Using a qualitative ethnographic design, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving eight purposively selected informants. Analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, revealing key scientific mechanisms embedded in each production stage, including detoxification through leaching and diffusion, heat and mass transfer, starch gelatinization, Maillard reactions, and retrogradation during cooling. The results show that the stages of boiling, washing, soaking, cooking, and cooling reflect empirically grounded scientific processes that are consistently applied by the community in producing dodol pangi. These findings indicate that traditional knowledge is not merely cultural practice, but also represents contextual scientific understanding that can be meaningfully connected to formal science concepts in learning. These findings demonstrate how local wisdom reflects contextual scientific principles relevant to everyday practices. In conclusion, the dodol pangi tradition has strong potential to serve as a meaningful context for ethnoscience-based science learning that supports scientific literacy and appreciation of local wisdom.
Copyright (c) 2026 Imranah, Andi Sitti Aisyah, Elvira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Ethnochemical-Based Flipped Problem-Based Learning Model on Students' Chemical Literacy on Buffer Solution Material
This study investigates the effect of an ethnochemistry-based flipped problem-based learning (FPBL) model on students’ chemical literacy in buffer solution material. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control groups. Data were collected through chemical literacy tests and analyzed using MANOVA at a 5% significance level. The results revealed a significant difference in chemical literacy between students who learned through the ethnochemistry-based FPBL model and those instructed using a conventional scientific approach. The model contributed 23.5% to the improvement in students’ chemical literacy, indicating a substantial effect. Furthermore, students exposed to the ethnochemistry-based FPBL model demonstrated enhanced ability to integrate chemical concepts with problem-solving and apply knowledge in practical scenarios. These findings highlight the effectiveness of incorporating ethnochemistry elements into flipped problem-based learning, providing a structured and culturally relevant approach that promotes deeper understanding of chemistry concepts. This study offers evidence that the ethnochemistry-based FPBL model can serve as an effective pedagogical strategy to enhance chemical literacy, suggesting its potential for broader application in chemistry education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Meliana Fajri Nurkhasanah, Eli Rohaeti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Project-Based Learning on Children's Mathematical Ability and Social Skills in Kindergarten
This study aims to analyze the effect of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) on improving early childhood mathematical abilities and social skills among children aged 5–6 years. The research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 74 kindergarten students divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected through performance tests to assess mathematical abilities and observation sheets to measure social skills. Data analysis was conducted using the non-parametric Wilcoxon test. The results indicate a significant improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group. The average mathematical ability score increased from 12.54 (pretest) to 27.35 (posttest), with the highest N-Gain (0.87) observed in the counting indicator. Similarly, social skills improved from an average score of 1.24 to 2.79, with the highest N-Gain (0.92) in communication aspects. Statistical analysis revealed a significance value of p < 0.001, indicating that the implementation of PjBL had a statistically significant effect. These findings suggest that PjBL facilitates meaningful and contextual learning experiences, enabling children to construct mathematical understanding through concrete activities while simultaneously enhancing social interaction through collaborative tasks. In conclusion, Project-Based Learning is an effective and developmentally appropriate approach for improving both mathematical abilities and social skills in early childhood education settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yesi Susanti, Nurhafizah, Setiyo Utoyo, Serli Marlina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Implementation of the Think Pair Share (TPS) Learning Model to Improve the Student’s Motivation and Learning Outcomes in the Bioenergy Course
For improving the Bioenergy course learning outcomes, the Think Pair Share (TPS) Learning Model are implementing in this research with qualitative descriptive research methods. The research results show that the average student learning motivation = 3.69 which is also categorizing as good in the implementation, the student's learning outcomes in the Bioenergy course for the individual proportion index (P) for the 28 students = 0.82 ≥ 0.80, and the class proportion index (P) = 1.00 ≥ 0.80, the meaning are that the individual and class completeness have complete and achieve in the good category. From the result research can show that the TPS can make the Bioenergy course easy to understand both conceptually and in terms of application in the life, make the student discussions interesting, increase the learning motivation, and make the students as the center of learning. The learning model like this, it is going to follow up in the various activities and continuously to improve the quality of higher education in our country and nation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Efendi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Interactive Wordwall Games Based on Inquiry into Children's Mathematical Abilities in Kindergarten
This study was conducted in response to the limited development of early childhood mathematical abilities, which is closely associated with the insufficient use of interactive and explorative learning media. The present research focuses on designing and evaluating an inquiry-oriented interactive wordwall game intended to enhance young children's mathematical competencies. The study employed a Research and Development framework using the ADDIE model, encompassing analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases. The participants involved 15 kindergarten children aged 5–6 years, while data were collected through expert validation, observation, questionnaires, and pre-test and post-test assessments. The findings reveal that the developed media achieved a very high level of feasibility, indicated by media and material validation scores of 96% and 92%, respectively. Practicality testing also demonstrated a very positive response from teachers and strong engagement from children. In terms of effectiveness, there was a substantial improvement in mathematical ability, reflected by an increase in average scores from 60.1% to 97%, with an N-Gain score of 0.91 categorized as high. These results suggest that combining interactive digital media with an inquiry-based approach can meaningfully support children's conceptual understanding and engagement. Therefore, the developed Wordwall-based learning media can be considered an effective and innovative tool for improving early childhood mathematics learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mellie Guspita Yanty, Rakimahwati, Farida Mayar, Yaswinda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Quality Evaluation of Spent Hen Sausage with Banana Blossom Flour (Musa paradisiaca) Addition During Refrigerated Storage Periods
The development of functional meat products has gained increasing attention, particularly through the incorporation of dietary fibers to enhance nutritional value while maintaining product quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding 3% banana blossom flour (BBF) on the quality characteristics of spent hen meat sausages subjected to refrigeration at a temperature of 4°C over periods of 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with storage duration as the treatment factor and five replications. The parameters observed included moisture content, pH, texture, color (L, a*, b*), microbial counts, peroxide value, and sensory attributes during cold storage. The results showed that storage periods of spent hen meat sausages with BBF addition exerted a statistically significant effect (P < 0.01) on all parameters. During storage, pH value, redness, yellowness, total microorganism, and peroxide value increased, whereas moisture content, lightness, and sensory quality decreased. In conclusion, BBF addition extended the shelf life of sausages, allowing to remain acceptable until 21 days of cold storage, despite a gradual decline in sensory quality associated with increased peroxide values. Moreover, the utilization of BBF facilitates the enhancement of agricultural by-products as part of sustainable food innovation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mela Rosita, Herly Evanuarini, Agus Susilo, Premy Puspitawati Rahayu, Ita Wahju Nursita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Climate-Resilient Vegetation Monitoring in Malang Regency Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing
Malang Regency exhibits strong topographic and microclimatic contrasts between northern (>500 m) and southern (<500 m), which drive distinct vegetation–climate responses. This study uses MODIS MOD13Q1 NDVI/EVI (February 2000–December 2024), Landsat 8/9 (2013–2024), CHIRPS rainfall, and BMKG stations, processed in Google Earth Engine with cloud masking and compositing, to quantify long‑term vegetation trends and vegetation–rainfall relationships. Sen’s slope and Mann–Kendall tests indicate significant greening in both zones (p < 0.01), with EVI trends steeper than NDVI, reflecting EVI’s greater sensitivity to biomass dynamics in high‑biomass canopies. Annual EVI–rainfall relationships are stronger in the Southern Zone (R² = 0.545, p < 0.001) than in the Northern Zone (R² = 0.413, p < 0.01), indicating that agro ecosystems in the south remain highly responsive to seasonal rainfall fluctuations despite the presence of irrigation, whereas montane forests are more buffered by groundwater and soil‑water storage. ARIMA time‑series models provide baseline rainfall scenarios that suggest only a weak downward tendency within historical variability and are interpreted cautiously given the strong influence of ENSO and IOD. These findings offer a quantitative basis for climate‑informed land‑use planning that simultaneously considers climatic drivers, irrigation management, and ongoing urban expansion in Malang Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatih Al Haq An Nashr Muhsin, Brian Rahardi, Estri Laras Arumingtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Pregnancy Massage on the Level of Anxiety Facing Childbirth in Third Trimester Pregnant Women in Jakarta, Banten, West Java, South Sumatra
Anxiety among pregnant women approaching labor can lead to prolonged delivery, complications, and increased risk of maternal and fetal mortality. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), anxiety disorders contributed to approximately 15% of global morbidity rates in 2022. One of the non-pharmacological interventions to reduce anxiety is pregnancy massage. This study aimed to determine the effect of pregnancy massage on the level of anxiety among third-trimester pregnant women facing childbirth in Indonesia. This research employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The study involved 180 third-trimester pregnant women selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test after confirming data normality. Before receiving pregnancy massage, most respondents (78.3%) experienced moderate anxiety with an average score of 24.67. After the intervention, 91.7% of respondents showed mild anxiety with a decreased average score of 18.65. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest anxiety levels (p = 0.000), indicating that pregnancy massage effectively reduces anxiety in pregnant women facing labor. These findings support the use of non-pharmacological interventions to promote maternal mental well-being during the perinatal period. Pregnancy massage has a significant effect in reducing anxiety levels among third-trimester pregnant women facing childbirth.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahayu Khairiah, Dinis Rizki Alfiyani, Eha Julaeha, Noviana Maulani, Rina Astina, Sadariah, Tria Suselowaty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Audiovisual-Based Parenting E-Modules to Stimulate Children's Cognitive Development in Kindergarten
This study addresses the suboptimal cognitive development of early childhood, particularly in reasoning and problem-solving skills, which is influenced by limited parental knowledge and gaps in digital literacy. The objective of this research is to develop an audiovisual-based parenting E-module that is valid, practical, and effective as a home-based learning guide to stimulate children's cognitive development. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The product was validated by material and media experts, while practicality and effectiveness were examined through limited trials involving parents of children aged 5–6 years in kindergarten. Data were collected using validation sheets and parent response questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques. The results indicate that the developed E-module achieved a very high level of validity, with material validation reaching 90% and media validation 86.75%. The practicality test showed a score of 92.7%, categorized as very practical, indicating that the module is easy to use, accessible, and understandable for parents. From the effectiveness perspective, findings reveal an increase in parents’ understanding, confidence, and ability to implement cognitive stimulation activities at home. These results suggest that the integration of audiovisual elements facilitates meaningful learning experiences and reduces cognitive load for users. In conclusion, the audiovisual-based parenting E-module is a feasible and effective educational tool to support early childhood cognitive development. It has strong potential to enhance parental involvement and can be utilized as an alternative digital parenting resource, particularly in contexts with limited access to structured learning materials.
Copyright (c) 2026 Oly Cintia Rita, Dadan Suryana, Rakimahwati, Nurhafizah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fostering Quality Education Through Learning Models: Evidence from Problem-Based and Cooperative Learning with Interpersonal Intelligence on Students’ Learning Outcomes
This study examines differences in student learning outcomes based on learning models (Problem-Based Learning and Cooperative Learning) and students’ levels of interpersonal intelligence. This study employed a quasi-experimental design using a 2 × 3 factorial framework. This research was conducted in the 2nd semester of the elementary school teacher education study program, the Basic Concepts of Basic Science/Social Studies course at Setiabudi Rangkasbitung University in Banten Province. A total of 100 students participated in the study, with each group including fifty students. The sampling method used, cluster random sampling. The interpersonal intelligence instrument uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1-5 and the learning outcomes of the instrument are multiple choice pre- and post-test questions. This study yielded three main findings. There was a significant difference in learning outcomes between students taught using different learning models (PBL vs Cooperative), as indicated by an F-value of 10.739 and a significance level of p < 0.001. There were also significant differences in learning outcomes among students with high, medium, and low levels of interpersonal intelligence, as shown by an F-value of 23.419 and a significance level of p < 0.001. In addition, there was a significant interaction effect between the learning model and students’ levels of interpersonal intelligence on learning outcomes, as evidenced by an F-value of 8.357 and a significance level of p< 0.006. This study implies that the choice of learning model plays a crucial role in improving learning outcomes, as problem-based learning and cooperative learning contribute in different ways.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iman Sampurna, Asep Muhyidin, Lukman Nulhakim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Android-Based Interactive Multimedia in IPAS Subject for Grade V Elementary School
Learning Science and Social Studies (IPAS) in elementary schools still faces problems due to the dominance of conventional teaching methods, which result in low student engagement and difficulties in understanding abstract concepts. This condition highlights the need for more interactive learning media that align with students’ characteristics. This study aimed to develop Android-based interactive multimedia for the IPAS subject in Grade V elementary school and to examine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The study employed a research and development approach using the ADDIE model. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, teacher and student practicality questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The validation results showed that the developed multimedia was highly valid, with content validity of 92% and media validity of 88%. Practicality testing indicated that the product was very practical, obtaining scores of 83% from teachers and 80.2% from students. Effectiveness was measured by comparing pre-test and post-test scores, which increased from an average of 58.50 to 81.00, with an N-Gain value of 0.55 (moderate category). The findings indicate that the Android-based interactive multimedia is valid, practical, and effective in improving students’ learning outcomes in elementary school IPAS learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rosnidar, Fetri Yeni J, Zelhendri Zen, Zuwirna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) with STEM Approach on Students’ Metacognitive Awareness, Conceptual Understanding, and Biology Problem-Solving Ability
This study aims to analyze effect of the Project-Based Learning model based on the STEM approach on metacognitive awareness, conceptual understanding, and biology problem-solving abilities of grade XI students of SMA Negeri 13 Bone. The novelty of this study lies in integration of PjBL-STEM which simultaneously measures three high-level cognitive aspects in one experimental design. This study is a quasi-experimental study with a Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of two classes (n=72) using a purposive sampling technique. Instruments included the MAI questionnaire, an essay test based on the SOLO taxonomy (prestructural to expanded abstract), and a problem-solving test based on Polya's stages, all of which have met high validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA (α = 0.05). The results showed that PjBL-STEM had a significant effect on metacognitive awareness (p=.004), conceptual understanding (p=.01), and biology problem-solving ability (p<.001). The experimental group showed a higher average increase compared to the control, indicating the effectiveness of PjBL-STEM in enhancing systematic and reflective thinking to support development of 21st century skills. Limitations of this study include quasi-experimental design without full randomization and sample size limited to one school. Further research is needed to test the generalizability of the findings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nia Febrianti, Firdaus Daud, Yusminah Hala, Muhiddin Palennari, Nurhayati B https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Student Worksheets (LKPD) Assisted by Animated Videos on Students' Problem-Solving Abilities, Learning Motivation, and Cognitive Learning Outcomes
This study aims to determine the effect of animated video-assisted student worksheets (LKPD) on problem-solving skills, learning motivation, and cognitive learning outcomes of eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 3 Palu. This study employed a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design, with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The population was all eleventh-grade science students at SMA Negeri 3 Palu, with a sample size of 72 students selected using purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics analysis techniques to describe the effect of animated video-assisted LKPD through pretest and posttest data. Furthermore, inferential statistics analysis was conducted using analysis of covariance to test the research hypotheses. The results of descriptive analysis on each measured variable show that the experimental class taught using animated video-assisted student worksheets achieved higher scores than the control class. This is also proven through significant hypothesis testing on each variable, namely on problem-solving ability (p = 0.03), learning motivation (p < 0.01), and cognitive learning outcomes (p < 0.01). Through the results of this analysis, it can be concluded that animated video-assisted student worksheets have an effective effect in improving students' problem-solving abilities, learning motivation, and cognitive learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dian Dwi Lestari, Yusminah Hala, Ismail, Firdaus Daud, Syamsiah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Augmented Reality-Based Science Module to Find Out the Understanding of Grade IX Junior High School Students on Pressure Concepts
This study aims to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based science module to improve students’ understanding of pressure concepts. The development was motivated by students’ low interest and difficulty in learning abstract pressure concepts, as well as the limited availability of interactive instructional media. The research employed the ADDIE development model and implemented a one-group pretest–posttest design to evaluate the module’s effectiveness. The AR module was designed based on curriculum requirements and student characteristics, followed by the creation of 3D visualizations and integration into an AR application. Validation by material and media experts indicated a very good level of feasibility (mean score 4.78 on a 5-point scale). The module was implemented with Grade IX students at SMP Surya Kencana Bhakti, Bandung. Results showed an increase in the average score from 36.79 (pretest) to 75.71 (posttest). The normalized gain (N-gain) was 0.62, which falls into the Medium category according to Hake’s criteria. The improvement was statistically meaningful, and more than 90% of students reported higher motivation and engagement. Overall, the AR-based module is considered feasible and effective, making it a suitable interactive learning resource for supporting science learning in the 21st century.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iwel Triana, Siti Nurul Khotimah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Local Culture-Based Interactive Media to Improve Children's Mathematics Skills in Kindergarten
This study addresses the limited development of early childhood mathematical abilities, which is often associated with the use of conventional learning approaches and the lack of innovative, technology-based instructional media. The objective of this research is to develop and evaluate local culture-based interactive animated video media to enhance early childhood mathematics skills. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The product was validated by experts in media, materials, and culture, followed by limited and broader trials involving children aged 5–6 years at Mekar Melati Kindergarten. Data were collected through validation sheets, observation, questionnaires, and pretest–posttest instruments, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and N-Gain scores. The results indicate that the developed media achieved a very high level of validity, with media validation at 100%, cultural validation at 93.75%, and material validation at 98.33%. The practicality test showed a score of 92.5%, indicating that the media is highly feasible for classroom use. Furthermore, the effectiveness test revealed a significant improvement in children's mathematical abilities, with an N-Gain score of 0.768 categorized as high. The findings also demonstrate that integrating local cultural elements into interactive media enhances children's engagement, conceptual understanding, and contextual learning experiences. In conclusion, local culture-based interactive animated video media developed through the ADDIE model is proven to be valid, practical, and effective in improving early childhood mathematics skills. This study highlights the importance of integrating technology and cultural context in early childhood education to support meaningful and engaging learning processes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kurnia Gusni, Farida Mayar, Rakimahwati, Delfi Eliza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model on the Concept of Global Warming to Improve Students' Knowledge of State Senior High School 1 Bandar Bener Meriah
Project Based Learning (PjBL) is a learning model that emphasizes active student involvement in the learning process through contextual and meaningful project activities. This study aims to analyze the application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model to the concept of global warming and its impact on the knowledge of tenth-grade students. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method and a pretest–posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of two classes: class IA X-1 with 22 students as the experimental class and class IA X-2 with 21 students as the control class, resulting in a total sample of 43 students. The experimental class was given treatment in the form of learning using the PjBL model, while the control class used conventional learning. The research instrument was a knowledge test administered before and after the treatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and N-Gain calculations. The results showed that there was a difference in knowledge gain between the experimental and control classes. The increase in student knowledge in the experimental class was higher than in the control class, with the N-Gain results being in the moderate to high category. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model is effective in increasing student knowledge on the concept of global warming.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Murni, Jailani, Nurul Akmal, Evi Apriana, Fakhrurrazi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Spirobranchus sp. Density as a Biological Indicator of Coral Health Under Environmental Stress in Beurawang Waters (SDG 14: Life Below Water)
This study examines the relationship between the Christmas tree worm (Spirobranchus sp.) and coral health in tropical reef ecosystems. Field observations and statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate worm abundance and its association with coral condition. The results showed a strong association (Phi coefficient = 0.79) between high worm density and degraded coral health. Juvenile Spirobranchus sp. preferentially settle on healthy coral substrates, while adult individuals may contribute to surface abrasion and localized lesions through opercular movement. Exposed worm tubes can facilitate turf algae colonization, inhibiting coral recovery. Environmental parameters, including temperature, pH, salinity, visibility, and current velocity, influence coral condition and worm distribution. Elevated and localized temperature anomalies and reduced water flow were associated with increased coral stress and algal growth. These findings indicate that Spirobranchus sp. may contribute to coral degradation under high population density. This study supports Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life Below Water) by highlighting the potential of Spirobranchus sp. density as a practical indicator for coral reef monitoring and conservation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afkar, Nadia Aldyza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Latent Profile Analysis of Student Engagement in STEM-Integrated Calculus Education for Character Development and Academic Achievement: A Study Toward SDG 4 in Indonesian Higher Education
This study employed Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to investigate engagement patterns among Indonesian university students (N = 81) in a calculus course integrated with STEM through engineering case studies and digital tools. A cross-sectional design using a multidimensional engagement questionnaire identified three distinct profiles: Highly Engaged Digital Learners (22.20%), Minimally Engaged Learners (3.70%), and Moderately Engaged Learners Requiring Support (74.10%). ANOVA results revealed that Highly Engaged Digital Learners achieved significantly superior calculus performance (mean score = 89.70) compared to other profiles (mean difference = 17.30 points, p < 0.001). MANOVA further indicated that this group demonstrated substantially greater development of character virtues, including perseverance, intellectual honesty, and collaborative ethics (all p < 0.001). The findings confirm that STEM-integrated calculus education, when effectively engaging students, serves a dual pedagogical function, simultaneously advancing technical competencies and ethical reasoning. This highlights its transformative potential in fostering holistically developed professionals, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education). Strategic educational responses should include early engagement profiling and targeted support to maximize these benefits.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deby Erdriani, Zelhendri Zen, Fetri Yeni, Mahdalena Prihatin Ningsih, Ega Harna B, Firmawati, Helmiyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of ICT-Integrated Problem-Based Learning on Students’ Mental Models and Self-Efficacy in Science Education
This study examines the effect of Problem Based Learning (PBL) integrated with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on students' mental models and self-efficacy in elementary school science learning. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design. The study population consisted of fourth-grade students in Cluster I, Pariaman Tengah District, in the 2024/2025 academic year, with two classes selected through purposive sampling as the experimental and control groups. Data were collected using a validated mental model test and self-efficacy questionnaire, then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including prerequisite tests and independent sample t-tests. The results showed that the experimental class obtained a higher mental model post-test score (79.17) than the control class (59.17). Self-efficacy scores increased significantly in the experimental group from 50.54 to 81.08, while the control group only reached 63.75. The results of statistical tests showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that ICT-integrated PBL is effective in improving students' conceptual understanding and self-confidence, thus becoming a relevant and innovative learning strategy to improve the quality of science learning in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmi Hanifah, Yanti Fitria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Computational Social Science Approach in Measuring Intra-Religious Tolerance Based on Big Data
The digital transformation of contemporary society has reshaped religious authority, identity construction, and intra-religious interaction. Social media platforms now function as primary arenas for theological negotiation, organizational affiliation, and discursive contestation within religious communities. In this context, intra-religious tolerance—the capacity to accept doctrinal, interpretive, and organizational diversity within the same religious tradition—has become increasingly mediated by algorithmic systems and digitally structured communication environments. Traditional survey-based and ethnographic approaches face limitations in capturing large-scale, real-time patterns of tolerance and polarization. This study develops a comprehensive conceptual framework for measuring intra-religious tolerance through a computational social science approach grounded in big data analytics. Using a qualitative research design based on systematic literature review (2016–2025), thematic synthesis, and conceptual integration, the study bridges scholarship in computational social science, big data methodologies, sociology of religion, and social psychology. The findings propose a multidimensional tolerance model encompassing cognitive, affective, behavioral, and algorithmic-structural dimensions. The article introduces a Big Data-Based Intra-Religious Tolerance Index (IRIT Index) grounded in digital trace indicators such as sentiment polarity, interaction diversity, network modularity, and hostility frequency. The framework contributes theoretically by integrating macro-sociological and micro-psychological theories within computational measurement paradigms, and methodologically by advancing qualitative conceptual modeling within data-intensive research. Ethical considerations, epistemological challenges, and implications for digital governance are discussed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muwahidah Nurhasanah, Ibnu Hadjar, Fihris, Abdul Jabar Idharudin, Ndaru Putri Yudhiarti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Quality Education: The Synergy of Culturally Responsive Teaching and Student Interest on Learning Outcomes in Elementary Schools
This study examines the impact of Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) and learning interest on the mathematics learning outcomes of fifth-grade students, focusing on the perimeter and area of plane figures. Aimed at addressing passive engagement in conventional methods, this quasi-experimental research employed a 2x2 factorial design with 42 students. Data were collected via learning interest questionnaires and mathematics tests, then analyzed using Independent Sample T-Tests and Two-Way ANOVA. The results demonstrate that CRT significantly improves overall mathematics learning outcomes (p = 0.000). Specifically, CRT has a significant positive effect on students with high learning interest (p = 0.008) with a mean difference of 13.45 points, and on those with low learning interest (p = 0.000) with a mean difference of 12.15 points. Furthermore, a significant interaction exists between the teaching approach and learning interest (p = 0.043). These findings suggest that CRT effectively enhances outcomes across different interest levels by integrating local culture, such as the Jam Gadang, into the Merdeka Curriculum. This approach promotes inclusive, contextual, and meaningful learning in elementary education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Murniyenti, Jasrial, Darmansyah, Fetri Yeni J https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Elasticity and Hooke’s Law Through PhET-Supported Guided Inquiry Learning: A Constructivist and Cognitive Load Perspective
The rapid transformation of science education in the digital era calls for pedagogical innovations that promote deep conceptual understanding rather than rote memorization. This study aims to investigate the effect of integrating PhET interactive simulations into a guided inquiry learning model on students’ conceptual understanding of elasticity and Hooke’s Law. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was employed with 55 eleventh-grade science students at SMA Frater Don Bosco Lewoleba, Indonesia. The experimental group experienced PhET-supported guided inquiry, while the control group received guided inquiry instruction with real demonstration tools. Statistical analysis revealed that students in the experimental group achieved significantly higher posttest scores than those in the control group (t(53) = 2.89, p = 0.01), with a medium-to-high effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.67). The findings suggest that PhET interactive simulations function as cognitive scaffolds by visualizing abstract physical phenomena, reducing extraneous cognitive load, and supporting conceptual reconstruction during inquiry activities. These results highlight the pedagogical value of embedding digital simulations within inquiry-based physics instruction to enhance students’ conceptual understanding and foster meaningful learning in abstract scientific domains.
Copyright (c) 2026 Antonius Suban Hali, Francisca R. H Bokilia, Vinsensius Lantik, Amiruddin Supu, Markus Simeon K. Maubuthy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Primary Students Scientific Literacy Through Virtual Laboratory-Based Digital Learning Packages to Support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
This study aims to develop and evaluate a virtual laboratory–based digital learning package to enhance scientific literacy among elementary school students. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The product was validated by experts in science education, media, and language, and then implemented with fourth-grade students. Data were collected through validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, and pretest–posttest instruments. The findings show that the developed learning package is both valid and practical for classroom use. Students demonstrated a significant improvement in scientific literacy, with an N-gain score of 0.65 (moderate category), particularly in understanding concepts, interpreting data, and relating science to everyday phenomena. The integration of interactive simulations and multimedia elements supported active engagement and meaningful learning experiences. Overall, the virtual laboratory–based digital learning package is effective in improving students’ scientific literacy and shows strong potential to enhance the quality of science instruction in primary education in line with 21st-century learning demands.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ummiatul Fitri, Aissy Putri Zulkarnaini, Gita Rahmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Google Sites–Based Reproductive Health Education on Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors in Supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being)
This study aims to examine the effect of Google Sites–based reproductive health education on students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. A quantitative quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group was employed. The sample consisted of 60 eleventh-grade students divided into two groups of 30 students each. The experimental group received reproductive health instruction using a Google Sites–based deep learning approach, while the control group received the same approach without Google Sites. Data were collected using a multiple-choice test (knowledge) and Likert-scale questionnaires (attitudes and behaviors), and analyzed using Independent Sample t-tests. Results showed significant differences between groups (p = 0.001). The experimental group demonstrated higher improvements: knowledge increased from 47.07 to 82.93 (76.2%), compared to 41.20 to 58.93 (43.0%) in the control group; attitudes increased from 61.07 to 89.27 (46.2%), compared to 48.40 to 70.50 (45.7%); and behaviors increased from 61.03 to 86.07 (41.0%), compared to 60.27 to 66.20 (9.8%). These findings indicate that integrating Google Sites as a digital learning medium enhances engagement and learning outcomes. In conclusion, Google Sites–based instruction is an effective strategy for improving students’ reproductive health knowledge, fostering positive attitudes, and promoting healthier behaviors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ainun Mardia HM, Andi Asmawati Azis, Rachmawaty, Firdaus Daud, A. Mushawwir Taiyeb https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Calibration and Validation of Road Roughness Survey Equipment (Hawkeye 2000) Based on SNI 3426:2022
Road roughness measurement using the International Roughness Index (IRI) plays a critical role in road asset management, influencing maintenance prioritization and budget allocation. However, discrepancies between instruments may introduce bias without proper calibration. This study aims to analyze the calibration and validation of the Hawkeye 2000 as a Digital Laser Profiler for IRI measurement based on SNI 3426:2022. Calibration was conducted using a Walking Profilometer as the reference instrument, followed by validation on five test segments (SP1–SP5) with lengths of 100–500 meters under three speed variations (40, 50, and 60 km/h). The results show that the Hawkeye 2000 meets the requirements of SNI 3426:2022, with coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.9819 (left), 0.9850 (right), and 0.9820 (combined), indicating high accuracy. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranges from 0.0159 to 0.0241 (<5%), reflecting high precision. Calibration parameters (A = 0.9956; B = −0.0093) are within acceptable limits. The instrument also demonstrates consistent performance across different speeds. In conclusion, the Hawkeye 2000 is reliable for field IRI measurement, although further studies are needed to consider broader road conditions and external factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dody Kusmana, Ade Kurniawan, Ivany Sarief, Cecep Deni Mulyadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Deep Learning Assessment Instrument in Senior High School Chemistry Education Using the Rasch Model to Support SDG 4: Quality Education
This study aims to develop a valid and reliable assessment instrument for the application of deep learning in high school chemistry instruction. The development of the instrument is based on Wilson’s Four Building Blocks approach (2005), which includes construct maps, items, item scores, and measures. The study was conducted with 271 twelfth-grade students from three public high schools in West Sumatra, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a student perception questionnaire designed based on the four pillars of deep learning implementation: graduate profile dimensions, learning principles, learning experiences, and learning frameworks. Content validity was analyzed using Aiken’s V, while empirical validity and reliability were tested using the Rasch Model. The results showed an average Aiken’s V value of 0.90, indicating excellent content validity. Rasch analysis yielded a respondent reliability of 0.97 and an item reliability of 0.95, with fit statistics within the ideal range and supporting construct unidimensionality. From the initial 116 items, the final instrument consists of 46 items that passed through a rigorous empirical selection process to ensure high measurement quality. Thus, this instrument is suitable for evaluating the level of deep learning implementation at the elementary to intermediate levels in high school chemistry education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yerimadesi, Iryani, Faizah Qurrata Aini, Fauzana Gazali, Nofri Yuhelman, Rivo Juita Sudirman, Diva Salsabila, Zaqiya Zahwa Alifa, Mentari Az Zahra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Energy Consumption and Charging Infrastructure Analysis for Electric Bus Deployment in Urban Transportation Systems
The electrification of urban public transportation has become a key strategy for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions while improving overall system efficiency. This study develops a comprehensive modeling framework to evaluate the energy consumption and charging infrastructure requirements of electric bus fleets operating in urban environments, incorporating key operational parameters such as travel distance (126 km/day), vehicle energy efficiency (1.2–1.5 kWh/km), fleet size (5–30 buses), and regenerative braking efficiency (25%). The results indicate that a single electric bus consumes approximately 151.2 kWh/day under typical operating conditions, which can be reduced to 113.4 kWh/day through regenerative braking, representing a 25% improvement. At the fleet level, electricity demand increases proportionally, reaching 0.76 MWh/day (5 buses), 1.51 MWh/day (10 buses), 2.27 MWh/day (15 buses), and 3.02 MWh/day (20 buses). Furthermore, fast-charging systems with a capacity of 150 kW can deliver up to 300 kWh within 2 hours but may introduce peak load demands of up to 0.75 MW. These findings highlight the importance of integrated energy modeling, smart charging strategies, and grid-aware planning
Copyright (c) 2026 Angelia M. Purba, Daniel H. S. Napitu, Meidi W. Lestari, Juanto Simangunsong, Elferida Hutajulu, Nicodemus F. Hutabarat, Aprima A. Matondang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Agronomic Performance and Yield Potential of Promising Pigmented (Red and Black) Rice Lines In Medium-Altitude Paddy Fields
This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic traits and yield performance of several promising pigmented rice lines, including red and black rice, grown in medium-lowland paddy fields. The research was conducted from March to June 2025 at an altitude of 402 meters above sea level in Tampak Siring Village, Batukliang District, Central Lombok Regency. The experimental method used was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of 21 treatments, including 11 red rice lines, 4 black rice lines, and 4 parental lines (IPB3S, Situ Patenggang, Baas Selem, and the red rice promising line F2BC4P19-36), along with 2 check varieties, Impago Unram 1 and IR64. Each treatment was replicated three times, resulting in a total of 63 experimental units. The observed data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and significant differences among treatments were further tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the agronomic performance of both red and black rice lines exhibited medium maturity, with flowering time ranging from 83 to 93 days after sowing and harvesting time from 120 to 129 days after sowing. The number of productive tillers ranged from 12 to 19 tillers, panicle length ranged from 23 to 27 cm, the number of filled grains per panicle ranged from 130 to 147 grains, and grain weight per clump ranged from 33 to 41 grams. The highest grain yield was recorded in the red rice line G-2M (F7 IPB3S/F2BC4P19-63/FAT/F2BC44P19-63-PD3/15) at 4.99 t/ha, which was higher than its parental lines IPB3S (G1-6IPB3S) at 4.31 t/ha and GH Merah (G-20GHBM) at 3.83 t/ha. Among black rice lines, G-12H (F11BLK.SP/BS 2/1/1/P4) yielded 4.42 t/ha, compared to Baas Selem (G-18BS) at 3.86 t/ha, Situ Patenggang (G-17SP) at 4.63 t/ha, and the check variety IR64 (G-21IR64) at 3.60 t/ha.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gusti Putu Muliarta Aryana, I Wayan Sudika, Ni Wayan Sri Suliartini, Fitriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bioacoustic Spectral Profiling of the Endangered Salmon-Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) Using Fast Fourier Transform for Conservation Monitoring
The endangered Salmon-crested Cockatoo (C. moluccensis) is an endangered species endemic to Maluku and faces serious pressures due to habitat loss and illegal trade. As a species that relies heavily on vocal communication, bioacoustic analysis offers an effective, non-invasive approach to support monitoring and conservation. This study aims to analyze and characterize the spectral profile of Salmon-crested Cockatoo (C. moluccensis) vocalizations using the FFT algorithm. Voice recordings were conducted on individuals in their natural and captive habitats using a Zoom H5 Handy recorder. Audio data were processed through noise filtering, normalization, and segmentation stages before being analyzed using computational programming-based FFT to obtain the main spectral parameters. The results show that Salmon-crested Cockatoo (C. moluccensis) vocalizations have a consistent spectral structure with the main parameters being dominant frequency, bandwidth, spectral centroid, and amplitude. Spectral analysis shows variations in frequency characteristics influenced by environmental and individual conditions. The dominant frequency of Salmon-crested Cockatoo (C. moluccensis) behavior in its natural habitat was 1981 Hz, while in captivity it was 2497.9 Hz, both of which are within the main frequency range of ± 1500 – 4000 Hz. These different conditions show that frequency alone is not enough to explain behavior, but must be combined with context (call patterns, social interactions, and other behavioral expressions). The FFT method proved effective in identifying and characterizing vocalization patterns quantitatively. These findings indicate that FFT-based bioacoustic analysis has the potential to be developed as a non-invasive monitoring tool to support the conservation and population management of endangered endemic bird species.
Copyright (c) 2026 Richard Rudolf Lokollo, Fredrik Manuhutu, Rony Marsyal Kunda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Student Learning Interest through Product-Based Learning and Peer Assessment in Sustainable Bakery Practicum Using Watermelon Rind and NTT Palm Sugar
This study aims to analyze the implementation of Product-Based Learning (ProdBL) integrated with peer assessment in a bakery practicum and its contribution to student learning interest. The study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach involving 20 third-semester students of the Culinary Education Study Program. Data were collected using a validated learning interest questionnaire and supported by classroom observations and student reflections. The results of the paired sample t-test showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (t = -2.816, p = 0.011 < 0.05), indicating an increase in student learning interest. The mean score improved from 31.15 in the pretest to 37.65 in the posttest. Qualitative findings revealed that students became more active, confident, and collaborative during the practicum process. The use of watermelon rind as food waste and local palm sugar contributed to meaningful and contextual learning experiences. These findings suggest that the integration of ProdBL and peer assessment can enhance student learning interest and support sustainability-oriented vocational education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yunus Karyanto, Rina Asmaul, Diana Evawati, Kama Ratih Sholikha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Implementing E-Books on Phase Equilibrium Based on Multiple Representations to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills
This study aims to test the effectiveness of using e-books on phase equilibrium based on multiple representations in improving students’ critical thinking skills. The study design is non-randomized because subjects were not randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Both groups were given different treatments to observe the intervention’s effect on critical thinking skills. The experimental group received instruction using an e-book based on multiple representations, while the control group used conventional learning media, namely printed textbooks. The sample used in this study consisted of students enrolled in the Physical Chemistry II course in the Chemistry Education program at the Universitas Jambi, with Class B serving as the experimental group and Class A as the control group. The instrument used in this study was a critical thinking skills test designed to measure students’ critical thinking abilities, both before and after the implementation of the multiple-representation-based e-book. The results of the hypothesis test using ANCOVA yielded a significance value of 0.00, which is less than 0.05. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the implementation of a multiple-representation-based e-book on phase equilibrium significantly improves students’ critical thinking skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wilda Syahri, Yusnaidar Yusnaidar, Muhaimin, Firdiawan Ekaputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Web-Based Media Using a Project-Based Learning Approach in Textile Materials for Children’s Clothing
This study aims to develop web-based learning media using a Project-Based Learning approach on textile materials for children's clothing and to determine its feasibility and students’ responses in supporting quality education. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The implementation stage involved students of the Fashion Education Study Program. Data were collected through expert validation sheets and student response questionnaires using a Likert scale. The results showed that the developed media were categorized as very valid, with a material expert validation score of 94.3% and a media expert validation score of 92.5%. Students’ responses also indicated very positive results, with an average score of 92.5%. These findings demonstrate that the web-based learning media integrated with the Project-Based Learning approach are feasible and effective in supporting students’ engagement and understanding of textile materials for children's clothing. Therefore, this media can be used as an alternative instructional tool to improve the quality of learning in vocational fashion education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erni, Yudhistira Anggraini , Halimul Bahri, Nurhayati Tanjung, Nikmat Akmal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploration of Endophytic Fungi from Corn in North Sumatra Indonesia and Their Potential as Entomopathogens
Entomopathogenic fungi are one of the biological agents that play an important role in controlling insect pests. In addition to being obtained from infected insects and the rhizosphere, this group can also associate as endophytes in plant tissues. This study aims to explore endophytic fungi originating from corn (Zea mays L.) in North Sumatra and evaluate their entomopathogenic potential against insects. Plant samples were collected from corn production centers in the lowlands and middlelands of Deli Serdang and Serdang Bedagai Regencies using a purposive sampling method. Isolation was carried out from healthy plant tissues (roots, stems, and leaves), followed by a pathogenicity test using the insect baiting method against Tenebrio molitor larvae. A total of 59 endophytic fungal isolates were successfully obtained, of which 19 isolates showed pathogenic activity against T. molitor. Isolate EK2_23 (Beauveria sp.) showed the highest performance with mortality and mycosis of 85% and 100%, respectively. Morphological identification revealed the presence of four main genera: Beauveria, Metarhizium, Aspergillus, and Trichoderma. This finding confirms that corn endophytic fungi have the potential to be a prospective source of local biological agents for development as mycoinsecticides to control major corn pests.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indri Yanil Vajri, Angga Ade Sahfitra, Nur Asyiah Dalimunthe, Rafli Fadillah Lubis, Muhammad Al Fiqri Syuhada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Interactive Educational Videos to Improve Children's Math Skills in Kindergarten
This study aimed to develop and analyze the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of Canva-based Interactive Educational Videos to improve the mathematical abilities of children aged 5–6 years in kindergarten learning. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of animated visualization, audio narration, interactive quizzes, and self-assessment features into a Canva-based numeracy learning media specifically designed for early childhood education using the ADDIE development model. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The research subjects consisted of 20 children aged 5–6 years in Group B at Humhaz Kindergarten, West Pasaman, Indonesia. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and pretest-posttest tests, then analyzed using descriptive statistics and N-Gain analysis. The results showed that the developed media obtained a validity score of 93.3% from material experts and 95.8% from media experts, both categorized as very valid. The practicality test results reached 95% in the small-group trial and 100% in the large-group trial, indicating that the media were very practical and easy to implement in classroom learning. Furthermore, the average score increased from 19.15 in the pretest to 25.1 in the posttest, with an N-Gain value of 0.5350 categorized as moderate improvement, indicating that the media were sufficiently effective in improving children’s mathematical abilities. However, this study was limited to one kindergarten with a relatively small sample size and short implementation duration. Practically, the developed media can be applied by PAUD/TK teachers as an interactive digital learning medium to support numeracy instruction through projector- or device-assisted classroom activities that are more engaging and developmentally appropriate for early childhood learners.
Copyright (c) 2026 Widiyawati, Nurhafizah, Rakimahwati, Dadan Suryana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Renewable Energy–Based Electrical Instructional Media Using ADDIE Model to Improve Applied Science Concept Understanding among D3 Technika Students
This study aimed to develop renewable energy–based electrical instructional media in the form of a practicum kit and an e-module and to examine their feasibility and effectiveness in improving applied science concept understanding among vocational students. The study employed a Research and Development approach using the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The instructional media were validated by 2 expert reviewers to assess content suitability, instructional design, technical quality, and media integration. The effectiveness of the media was evaluated through a pretest–posttest design involving 28 students of a Diploma (D3) Technika program. Data were analyzed descriptively, and learning improvement was measured using the normalized gain (N-gain). The results showed that the developed practicum kit and e-module achieved a very feasible category based on expert validation, with an average validation score of 88%. Furthermore, students' applied science concept understanding improved after using the instructional media, as indicated by an N-gain in the medium category (0.59). Students also provided very positive responses toward the usability and relevance of the media. These findings indicate that renewable energy–based practicum kits and e-modules are feasible and effective instructional media for supporting applied science learning in vocational electrical education, contributing to the enhancement of practical skills and theoretical understanding in the D3 Technika curriculum.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yusnidah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of AR Diorama Media to Enhance Reflective Thinking and Self-Regulation in Elementary IPAS
This study aims to develop and evaluate an Augmented Reality (AR)-based diorama learning media to enhance elementary students’ reflective thinking and self-regulation in IPAS learning. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach adapted from Borg and Gall, followed by a one-group pretest-posttest design to examine effectiveness. The participants were third-grade elementary students. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, and reflective thinking and self-regulation test. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and normalized gain (N-gain). The results indicate that the developed media achieved very high validity (M = 3.76) and practicality (M = 3.81). The effectiveness test shows significant improvement in reflective thinking (N-gain = 0.68) and self-regulation (N-gain = 0.71), both in ranged from moderate to high categories. These study contributes by positioning that the integration of concrete diorama media with AR technology effectively promotes interactive, students-centered learning and supports the development of higher-order thinking skill and learner autonomy. This research contributes an empirically validated instructional media model elementary IPAS context that integrates physical and digital learning environments to enhance both cognitive and self-regulated learning outcomes in elementary IPAS
Copyright (c) 2026 Inayatul Adhimah, Rarasaning Setianingsih, Rosmiati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Community Empowerment through Training and Coaching for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Prevention and Control: A Health Education Intervention Supporting SDG 3
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a complex public health problem, not only because of the medical aspect but also because of the Stigma attached to it in society. Change agents such as cadres and recovered TB patients are crucial in disseminating information and reducing Stigma. Objective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of training and Coaching in improving the knowledge and attitudes of cadres and recovered TB patients as agents of Change to prevent and control TB and reduce Stigma in the community. Method: The research design used a quasi-experiment with a pretest and post-test. Participants consisted of 20 people (16 recovered TB patients and four health cadres) from Tapian Dolok and Batu Anam villages. Data were analyzed using the Paired t-test. Results: There was a significant increase in the mean knowledge (from 48.00 to 95.50) and attitude (from 52.95 to 92.50) after the intervention, with a p-value of 0.001. All participants experienced an increase in the "good" category in knowledge and attitude after the training. Conclusion: Training and Coaching effectively improve participants' knowledge and attitudes as Agents of Change in preventing and controlling TB and reducing Stigma.
Copyright (c) 2026 Efendi Sianturi, Elisabeth Surbakti, Maida Pardosi, Julietta Hutabarat, Meiyati Simatupang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Malaria Diagnosis for Sustainable Development Goal 3: A Comparative Study of Image Denoising Techniques
Malaria diagnosis accuracy depends on microscopic image quality, often compromised by noise. This study comprehensively evaluates classical denoising (morphological, median, bilateral filters) against deep learning architectures (DnCNN, Autoencoder, U-Net) for malaria parasite images. Using the Cell Images for Detecting Malaria dataset with synthetic Gaussian, salt-and-pepper, and mixed noise, experiments measured PSNR, SSIM, and processing time. Results indicate U-Net achieved superior performance (PSNR 36.69 dB, SSIM 0.9577), significantly outperforming Autoencoder (PSNR 26.12 dB) and classical methods (PSNR 23.14 dB). The baseline DnCNN architecture did not achieve competitive performance (PSNR 8.42 dB), indicating that domain-specific parameter tuning and data normalization adjustments are necessary for effective application to microscopic imaging. Autoencoder demonstrated the highest computational efficiency (1.64 ms per image), though the 10.57 dB PSNR gap relative to U-Net suggests that the quality trade-off may limit its suitability in accuracy-critical diagnostic scenarios. U-Net best preserved morphological details crucial for diagnosis and is recommended as the primary choice for malaria diagnostic systems prioritizing accuracy, while Autoencoder represents the most computationally efficient alternative for resource-constrained deployment. These findings support developing robust computer-aided diagnosis systems and contribute a comprehensive quantitative benchmark for denoising methods in malaria microscopy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyu Purnama Magribi, Habibullah Akbar, Muhammad Fazly Qusyairy, Tino Saputra, Eric Julianto, Decky Ryansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Toxicity, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Test of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Jamblang Leaves (Syzygium cumini L.)
Jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.) is a plant from the Myrtaceae family that is used as a traditional medicine, especially its leaves. This study aims to determine the toxicity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of the ethyl acetate extract of jamblang leaves and to identify its secondary metabolite compounds. The toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method showed that the ethyl acetate extract of jamblang leaves had an LC₅₀ value of 174.602 ppm, which falls into the toxic category. The antioxidant test using the DPPH method showed an IC₅₀ value of 4.268 µg/mL, which is classified as strong, although still weaker than vitamin C (IC₅₀ = 2.437 µg/mL). The antibacterial test against Streptococcus mutans using the disc diffusion method produced inhibition zones of 2.58 mm (20%), 6.61 mm (30%), and 9.08 mm (40%), with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 25%. Identification of secondary metabolites using GC-MS revealed 38 compounds belonging to terpenoid, ester and aromatic Hyhrocarbons groups. These results indicate that the ethyl acetate extract of jamblang leaves possesses toxicity, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, thus having the potential to be developed as a phytopharmaceutical.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zultira Harina Roza, Lenni Fitri, Amalia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Project-based Learning to Enhance Students’ Multiliteracy on Renewable Energy: A Comparative Study between Urban and Rural Schools
Early renewable energy education has become increasingly vital since the urgency of sustainability in the energy sector continues to grow. This study provided a comparative analysis of students’ multiliteracy enhancement between urban and rural schools in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Project-Based Learning (STEM-PjBL) setting. A quasi-experimental design was employed involving 120 students from one urban and one rural secondary school, selected using stratified random sampling. Multiliteracy was measured using pre- and post-tests and analyzed through normalized gain (N-gain) scores. Results indicated that both schools demonstrated moderate improvement in multiliteracy after the intervention. However, the urban school achieved relatively stronger performance compared with the rural school. It is found that urban students were associated with greater access to digital teaching and learning facilities. Conversely, rural students benefited from rich local knowledge and community practices related to natural resource management, which supported contextual understanding of renewable energy concepts. Future research is recommended to integrate sustainability education at earlier educational stages and further embed renewable energy applications within the formal curriculum to promote sustained multiliteracy development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Liandha Arieska Putri, Ida Kaniawati, Anna Permansari, Diana Rochintaniawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Science Learning Media Assisted by Augmented Reality Based on the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model to Improve Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students
This study aims to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-assisted science learning media based on the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model to improve critical thinking skills of fourth-grade elementary school students. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. The subjects of the study were 72 students from three elementary schools in Padang City, namely SDN 09 Korong Gadang, SDN 04 Pasar Ambacang, and MIN 3 Padang City. Data collection instruments included expert validation sheets, teacher and student practicality questionnaires, and pre-test and post-test questions. The results of the study showed: the validity of the media was assessed as very valid by language experts (92%), material experts (97%), and media experts; the practicality of the media was very practical according to teacher (96%) and student (95.64%) assessments; The effectiveness of the media is proven by the increase in student learning outcomes with an average pre-test of 59.31 increasing to 92.11 in the post-test, with an N-Gain value of 0.81 in the high category. It is concluded that PBL-based AR learning media is feasible, practical, and effective for use in improving the critical thinking skills of fourth grade elementary school students in the Science subject of the Five Senses material, in accordance with the demands of the Independent Curriculum.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salmiyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Potential of Corn Cobs for Bio-CNG Production and Fermented Feed, and Circular System Marketing to Support a Residue-Free Circular Economy
The increasing volume of corn cob waste in Indonesia poses environmental challenges and reflects underutilized biomass with potential economic value. This study examines the conversion of corn cobs into Bio-CNG through anaerobic digestion and the utilization of fermentation residues as livestock feed within a circular economy framework. The novelty lies in integrating energy production, feed generation, and circular system marketing in a single agro-based model. A laboratory experimental study using a 3×3 factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was conducted, employing Biomethane Potential Tests (BMP) with rumen and methanogenic inoculums at different temperatures and fermentation times (2–6 days). Gas production and digestate composition were analyzed using standard methods, including proximate analysis. Results show substrate degradation up to 55.34%, methane production reaching 3.82% (rumen microbes, 39°C) and 10.79% (methanogenic basis), and total gas production up to 10.29%. Digestate quality improved, with protein increasing from 4.95% to 7.39% and TDN from 53.34% to 55.42%, indicating suitability as ruminant feed. The study is limited to laboratory-scale and short fermentation duration. Practically, this model can support integrated agroenergy systems in rural areas. In conclusion, corn cobs offer significant potential as a dual resource for renewable energy and livestock feed, supporting sustainable circular agriculture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mimin Aminah, Rindang, RT Risyahadi, B Purwanto, Dian Anggraeni, HB Surbakti, Suryahado, Gelar Satya Budhi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Estimation of Carbon Stocks in Mangrove Ecosystems as Blue Carbon Mitigation on the South Coast of Lombok Island
Mangrove ecosystems are globally recognized as major blue carbon sinks, yet site-specific evidence linking sediment carbon, nutrient availability, and community structure in sandy mangrove substrates remains limited, particularly along the south coast of Lombok Island. This study addresses that gap by examining how sediment carbon content relates to mangrove diversity, substrate texture, and nutrients across three stations namely Tanjung Luar, Kedome, and Poton Bako. A field survey using systematic line transects (10×10 m trees; 5×5 m saplings; 2×2 m seedlings) was combined with sediment coring (0–100 cm). Sediment carbon was measured by Loss on Ignition (LOI), while texture and nutrients (N, P, K) were analyzed in the laboratory. Mangrove communities showed moderate diversity (H' = 0.45–1.50). Poton Bako exhibited the highest diversity and evenness (H' = 1.50; E = 0.87), indicating a relatively stable stand compared with Tanjung Luar and Kedome. Sediment carbon varied by location and species, with the highest values associated with Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Sonneratia alba, reaching up to 875.22, 825.45, and 665.55, respectively. Although sediments were predominantly sandy (>50%), finer fractions (silt-clay, ±5-47%) and relatively high nutrients in Rhizophora zones (N up to 4.28%; P up to 99.35 ppm; K up to 22.63 meq%) enhanced carbon retention. Environmental parameters were within optimal ranges (pH 5.7-6.2; salinity 34.5–35.5‰; temperature 27-29°C). These findings indicate that even sandy mangrove substrates can store substantial carbon when supported by favorable nutrient conditions and stable species composition, highlighting the blue carbon significance of South Lombok mangroves for ecosystem-based coastal management. Limitations include reliance on LOI for carbon estimation and the absence of seasonal measurements, which may influence carbon and nutrient dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pahmi Husain, Muhammad Shohibul Ihsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing Multimodal Digital Materials for Energy Transformation at the Primary Education
This study aims to design multimodal digital materials on energy transformation in primary education in terms of validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving students’ conceptual understanding. The study employed design-based research by integrating the Rowntree model for the planning as well as development phases and Tessmer’s formative evaluation (self-evaluation, expert review, one-to-one, small-group, and field test). The subjects of this study consisted of 33 fourth-grade students at SDN 1 Sumber Rezeki. Data were collected through practicality questionnaires, expert validation sheets, and tests, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-test, and effect size analysis. The validation results showed that the multimodal digital materials were in the highly valid category (94.7%). The practicality test in the one-to-one showed practical category (71%-80%) and small-group evaluation stages fell into the very practical category (86%–92%). The effectiveness test showed a significant increase in learning outcomes, with the mean score improving from 53.42 (pre-test) to 82.90 (post-test) and an N-gain of 0.59 (moderate category) (t = 8.383, p < 0.05), with a Cohen's d effect size of 1.459, which is classified as a large effect.These findings indicated that the developed multimodal digital materials are valid, practical, and effective in improving students' understanding of energy transformation. This study implies that the integration of multimodal elements in digital learning materials can enhance meaningful and contextual science learning. It also serves as an innovative reference for developing instructional materials aligned with 21st-century learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Galeh Prasetyawan, Erna Retna Safitri, Suratmi Suratmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Heyzine Flipbook on Regulatory System Content Integrated with the Qur'an
21st-century learning is closely related to technology integrated into learning. Education and learning are expected to be able to apply technology by developing digital technology-based learning media. The national education goals and core competencies in the 2013 curriculum in Indonesia require that every learning must foster Islamic values. This study aims to produce a media flipbook, Heyzine, integrated with the Qur'an on the material of the regulatory system. The development (R&D) is adapted from the ADDIE development model, which includes five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The analysis was conducted by examining students' and teachers' needs for learning media for biology content considered difficult. Design included designing media objects and content. Development included creating learning media using the Heyzine application in flipbook format. Implementation included testing the media on students after validation by experts and revisions. Evaluation was conducted to determine the feasibility of the developed media. Assessment validation was carried out by media experts, material experts, linguists, and Qur'anic commentators using questionnaires. The media that had been validated by experts was then tested on Muslim students in grade 11 science, which was divided into two stages, namely a small scale with 29 students and a large scale with 145 students, using questionnaires and interviews as validated by empiricism. It was found that media experts gave a score of 90%, material experts 86.1%, linguists 94.2%, and Qur'anic commentators 94%. The small-scale trial achieved a score of 85.6%, and the large-scale trial achieved a score of 90.5%. Therefore, the flipbook learning media on the Integrated Al-Quranic Regulatory System was declared highly suitable for use as a learning medium. By producing a flipbook Heyzine integrated with the Al-Quran on the regulatory system content, it is hoped that this technology-based learning will continue to prioritize comprehensive Islamic values ​​in biology learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ranti An Nisaa, Ayu Fadila; Rizkia Suciati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Science Learning Based on Deep Learning Approach Assisted by Educational Games to Improve Student Learning Outcomes at Parthome Santiwit Songkhla Technological College Thailand
The purpose of this study was to enhance fourth-grade science students' learning outcomes at Santiwit Elementary School, Songkhla Technological College, Thailand, by utilizing deep learning techniques in conjunction with educational games. While educational games were utilized as engaging and pertinent learning resources, the deep learning approach was utilized to promote deeper conceptual knowledge, active participation, and critical thinking abilities. The classroom action approach used in this study was carried out in phases, including preparation, execution, observation, and reflection. According to the study's findings, student learning outcomes—both in terms of cognitive abilities and involvement in the learning process—have significantly improved. Pupils grew more engaged, animated, and capable of relating scientific ideas to pertinent educational opportunities. It has also been demonstrated that using educational games can boost learning motivation and foster a joyful learning environment. Based on these results, it can be said that fourth-grade students' science learning achievement is enhanced by the deep learning approach aided by educational games.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rini Rahmita Aritonang, Iskandar Safri Hasibuan, Jalilah Azizah Lubis, Nurlaila Hazeemalee https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Interactive Learning Media Assisted Deep Learning Approach on the Learning Outcomes of Grade VIII Metthayom Students at Ban Mapring School, Yaring, Pattani Province, Thailand
This study aims to evaluate the impact of the implementation of immersive learning strategies with the help of interactive learning resources on the academic performance of eighth-grade students of Metthayom at Ban Mapring School, Yaring, Pattani Province, Thailand. The method applied was a quasi-experimental design involving a control group and a treatment group. Data collection was carried out through a learning outcome test designed based on competency indicators, then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that students in the treatment group who received immersive learning supported by interactive media showed significantly better learning outcomes compared to the control group. This indicates that the application of animation, visualization, and two-way communication in the learning process can increase active participation, conceptual understanding, and critical and reflective thinking skills among students. The discussion shows that the integration of immersive learning strategies with interactive learning resources can create a much more meaningful and efficient learning experience in helping students apply concepts more deeply. In conclusion, the use of immersive learning strategies accompanied by interactive learning resources has a positive and significant impact on improving student learning outcomes, so it is worth considering as an innovative alternative in the learning process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurma Sari Siregar, Jalilah Azizah Lubis, Melvariani Syari Batubara, Mutiara Yamu, Fitri Agustina Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Augmented Reality-Based Inquiry Learning in Enhancing Elementary Students’ Scientific Literacy for Sustainable Quality Education
This study examined the effect of an Augmented Reality (AR)-supported inquiry learning model on elementary school students’ scientific literacy. This study employed a quasi-experimental non-equivalent group design involving two instructional groups: an experimental group receiving AR-supported inquiry learning and a comparison group receiving guided inquiry learning without AR support. Data were collected through scientific literacy pretests and posttests administered to both groups. The findings showed that the experimental group achieved greater improvement in scientific literacy, with mean scores increasing from 64.71 to 78.63, whereas the guided inquiry group showed a smaller increase from 52.66 to 55.10. Paired-sample t-test results indicated a significant improvement in the experimental group (p < .05), while the guided inquiry group did not demonstrate a statistically significant change (p > .05). In addition, an independent-samples t-test revealed a significant difference between the two groups after treatment (p < .05). Effect size analysis produced a Cohen’s d value of 0.95, indicating a large practical effect. These findings suggest that AR-supported inquiry learning is more effective than guided inquiry learning without AR support in enhancing elementary school students’ scientific literacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amandus Yonatan, Haratua Tiur Maria Silitonga, Afandi, Dede Suratman, Elvi Rusmiyanto Pancaning W, Muhammad Zaidi Zakaria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Probabilistic Cost Optimization of Green Retrofitting in Transit-Oriented Development Using Monte Carlo Simulation and CASBEE Criteria
Bekasi City faces serious environmental issues due to climate change, rapid urbanization, and high urban activity, which have resulted in increased carbon emissions, air pollution, and declining environmental quality. The application of green building and green infrastructure concepts, including the utilization of building rooftops, renewable energy, and air management, is an effective solution to improve energy efficiency and urban environmental quality. This study aims to improve the cost efficiency of green retrofitting in Transit Oriented Development (TOD) by utilizing CASBEE (Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency) guidelines and Montecarlo @Oracle Crystal Ball probabilistic simulation technology. This study was conducted at the Eastern Green TOD in Bekasi, where the cost of implementing green building concepts in urban environments is increasingly becoming a major concern. With this approach, the study throws up various factors that influence cost performance and implements Montecarlo @Oracle Crystal Ball probabilistic simulation methods to obtain more accurate predictions regarding costs and efficiency. This study has the potential to become a reference for developers in implementing green building principles in TOD areas, as well as supporting better decision-making regarding costs and project sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Reza Dwi Rukmono, Mawardi Amin, Budi Susetyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Synergistic Effects of Walking and Acupressure on Stroke Risk Reduction in Individuals with Hypertension and Diabetes Melitus
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Most strokes are associated with modifiable risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and high cholesterol. These risk factors can be managed through non-pharmacological approaches, such as physical activity and complementary therapies. To analyze the effect of a combination of walking intervention and acupressure therapy on blood pressure, fasting blood glucose levels, and cholesterol levels in patients with stroke risk factors. Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental two-group pretest–posttest design. A total of 60 respondents from the working areas of the Curup Community Health Center and the Perumnas Community Health Center were divided into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group received a walking program combined with acupressure therapy and was monitored daily using a checklist. Blood pressure was measured using an Omron digital sphygmomanometer, while fasting blood glucose and cholesterol levels were measured using a Multimeter Auto Check device. Measurements were taken before the intervention and on the 12th day after the intervention. Data analysis used paired t-tests, Wilcoxon tests, and Mann–Whitney tests according to data distribution. Conclusion: There were significant differences in systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose levels, and cholesterol levels in the intervention group after the intervention (p < 0.001). However, changes in diastolic blood pressure did not show significant differences during the study period. The Mann–Whitney test also showed significant differences between the intervention and control groups in systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and cholesterol. Stroke prevention education has a positive impact on controlling stroke risk factors, particularly systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, and knowledge levels. Health behavior monitoring using checklists has been implemented, but increased monitoring intensity is needed to support optimal clinical outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leli Mulyati, Yanti Sutriyanti, Meigo Anugra Jaya, Raden Siti Maryam, Tri Endah Pangastuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s Among System into Science Learning Management
Science learning in Indonesian schools continues to face structural and instructional challenges, particularly in laboratory management, inquiry-based implementation, science literacy development, and supervision of science instruction. Effective principal leadership plays a crucial role in ensuring that science learning is systematically planned, implemented, and evaluated. This study examines how Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s Among System can be integrated into science learning management to strengthen principals’ instructional leadership. Using a qualitative literature review approach, this study analyzes empirical research on science education leadership and Dewantara’s educational philosophy. The findings indicate that Dewantara’s leadership trilogy ing ngarsa sung tuladha, ing madya mangun karsa, and tut wuri handayani, supports science learning management through strategic laboratory planning, participative supervision of science teachers, collaborative curriculum development, and the promotion of inquiry-based learning. The Among System encourages structured autonomy in scientific exploration while maintaining professional accountability. However, institutional rigidity, limited laboratory facilities, and administrative constraints remain significant challenges. Integrating Dewantara’s philosophy into science learning management provides a culturally grounded and humanistic leadership framework that enhances instructional quality, scientific literacy, and sustainable school improvement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nenah Eja Widiawati, Taufani Chusnul Kurniatun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Agronomic Adaptation of Three Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Varieties of Two Semi-Arid Dryland Agroecosystems on Lombok, Indonesia
Lombok Island, Indonesia, possesses approximately 893,758 ha of dryland with significant potential for developing drought-tolerant crops such as sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) to strengthen food security in semi-arid regions. This study evaluated the agronomic adaptation of three sweet sorghum varieties, namely Bioguma 3, Soper 9, and Numbu, under two contrasting dryland agroecosystems: clay-textured Vertisol in East Lombok (pH 6.8, organic C 2.2%, CEC 64.6 me/100 g) and sandy loam Entisol in North Lombok (pH 6.3, organic C 1.0%, CEC 15.9 me/100 g). The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with four replications, observing stem biomass, leaf biomass, and grain yield at 75, 90, and 105 DAS. Results demonstrated that soil physical and chemical properties strongly influenced varietal performance. The Vertisol soil, characterized by high cation exchange capacity and moisture retention, significantly enhanced vegetative growth, with Bioguma 3 producing the highest stem biomass (75.00 tons/ha) and leaf biomass (8.18 tons/ha). In contrast, the Entisol soil generated lower biomass yields (41.64 tons/ha stems and 5.55 tons/ha leaves) but supported more stable grain production across varieties. Soper 9 recorded the highest grain yield, reaching 6.09 tons/ha on Vertisol and 4.70 tons/ha on Entisol. These findings highlight the importance of integrating appropriate varietal selection with soil management strategies to improve dryland agricultural productivity and promote sustainable food security.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fahrudin, Suwardji, Lalu Sukardi, Sukartono, I Gusti Lanang Parta Tanaya, Tri Rachmanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Gym Ball Exercises Combined with the Back-and-Forth Child’s Pose in Reducing Low Back Pain Among Third-Trimester Pregnant Women
Back pain is one of the most common complaints experienced by pregnant women, particularly during the third trimester, as a result of physiological changes and the increased mechanical load on the spine. One non-pharmacological intervention that may help alleviate this condition is exercise using a gym ball combined with the Back-and-Forth Child’s Pose technique. This study aimed to determine the effect of gym ball exercises using the Back-and-Forth Child’s Pose method on reducing back pain among women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. Participants received the intervention in the form of Back-and-Forth Child’s Pose exercises using a gym ball twice daily for 10–15 minutes over a period of one week. Back pain intensity was measured before the intervention and again on the seventh day after the intervention using a standardized pain scale. The sample consisted of 15 third-trimester pregnant women who reported experiencing back pain. The results showed that before the intervention, 12 respondents (80%) experienced moderate pain and 3 respondents (20%) experienced mild pain. After the intervention, 10 respondents (66.6%) experienced mild pain, 3 respondents (20%) reported no pain, and only 2 respondents (13.4%) continued to experience moderate pain. Furthermore, the mean pain score decreased from 3.00 before the intervention to 1.96 after the intervention. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that gym ball exercises using the Back-and-Forth Child’s Pose method had a statistically significant effect on reducing back pain among women in the third trimester of pregnancy
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Ni’amah, Siti Muawanah, Irfana Tri Wijayanti, Sri Hadi Sulistiyaningsih, Sholihah Gustavia Yolanda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimization of Essence Formulation Containing Purified Extract of Purple Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity Using DPPH Method
The ethanol extract of purple roselle flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is known to exhibit very strong antioxidant activity and contains flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins that contribute to free radical scavenging through hydrogen donation mechanisms. This study aimed to formulate an antioxidant essence based on purified purple roselle extract. The extract was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol and purified through liquid–liquid extraction using an aqueous–ethyl acetate solvent system. The purified extract was formulated into essence preparations at concentrations of 1% (FI), 3% (FII), and 5% (FIII), with the base formula (FIV) as a negative control and quercetin (FV) as a positive control. Evaluations included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, and freeze–thaw stability, while antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method. All formulations met the required physical quality standards, and Formulas I–IV remained stable during testing. Formula V exhibited a color change from yellow to reddish-brown, indicating the temperature sensitivity of quercetin. The IC₅₀ values of FI, FII, and FIII were 57.96 ppm (strong), 47.01 ppm (very strong), and 33.63 ppm (very strong), respectively, while FV showed an IC₅₀ of 29.86 ppm. Formula III demonstrated the best performance with very strong antioxidant activity and good physical stability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Novena Yety Lindawati, Nastiti Utami, Doni Nur Cahyadi, Lusia Murtisiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainable Strategy Development for Agro-Industrial SMIs Based on Process Performance Analysis: Integration of Value Stream Mapping, Eisenhower Matrix, and Interpretive Structural Modeling
This study aims to develop strategic recommendations for sustainable agro-industrial Small and Medium Industries (SMIs) in North Jakarta based on process performance analysis by integrating Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Eisenhower Matrix, and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). A mixed-methods approach was employed, including field observations, in-depth interviews, literature review, and expert judgment to capture the actual conditions of agro-industrial SMIs comprehensively. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) analysis identifies the presence of non-value-added activities that contribute to production inefficiencies, indicating that the development of agro-industrial SMIs in North Jakarta remains at a basic level and highlighting the need to enhance the participation of SMI actors in development programs. The Eisenhower Matrix further classifies development factors into four strategic quadrants and generates seven alternative development strategies based on urgency and importance. Furthermore, ISM analysis reveals that strengthening the capacity of SMI facilitators is the key driving strategy that supports business feasibility and production standardization, digital and institutional ecosystem strengthening, and human resource development. These strategies subsequently enable technology integration and integrated environmental management of production, ultimately leading to the development of superior products based on innovation and market collaboration as the long-term strategic objective for sustainable SMI development in North Jakarta.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dzilalin Najmi, Andes Ismayana, Nastiti Siswi Indrasti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Validity and Practicality of AI-Integrated Interactive Chemical Equilibrium E-Module Based on Structured Inquiry to Improve Students’ Critical Thinking Ability
Chemical equilibrium is one of the chemistry topics that is abstract and complex, often causing difficulties for learners in understanding the concepts and their applications. This study aimed to determine the validity and practicality level of an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-integrated interactive e-module on chemical equilibrium based on structured inquiry to improve students’ critical thinking ability. This study was a Research and Development (R&D) using the Plomp development model, which includes the Preliminary Research and Development or Prototyping Phase, without conducting the Assessment Phase. The results show that the developed e-module obtained a validation score of 0.92 (valid category) and a very high practicality level of 97%. The findings indicated that the AI-integrated, structured-inquiry-based interactive e-module on chemical equilibrium to improve Phase F students’ critical thinking ability is valid and practical.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adi Susanto, Minda Azhar, Yerimadesi, Umar Kalmar Nizar, Salsabilla Putri Serli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of White Weathered Mushrooms for Reduction of Lignin and Improvement of Animal Feed Digestion from Coconut Coir Waste
Limited forage availability due to land conversion has become a major constraint in goat farming development. Therefore, the utilization of agricultural waste as alternative feed is increasingly important, including young coconut husk waste which is abundant but underutilized. However, its high lignocellulosic content, particularly lignin, limits digestibility and nutritional value for ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of several white-rot fungi to reduce lignin content and improve the cellulose characteristics of young coconut husk waste as a potential alternative feed ingredient. The research was conducted in two stages: fungal selection and optimization of fermentation conditions. The first stage used five fungal treatments, namely Trichoderma sp. TR3, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor, and Lentinus edodes. Parameters observed included lignin and cellulose contents after 20 days of incubation. The second stage evaluated the effect of incubation period (20, 30, and 40 days) and inoculum volume (0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mL) using Pleurotus sajor-caju as the selected fungus. The results showed that Pleurotus sajor-caju produced the lowest lignin content (17.93%) and the highest cellulose content (48.80%) compared with other fungi. In the optimization stage, the lowest lignin content was observed in treatment A3B1 (40 days incubation and 0.5 mL inoculum) at 15.47%, while the highest cellulose content was obtained in treatment A2B1 (30 days incubation and 0.5 mL inoculum) at 61.15%. These findings indicate that Pleurotus sajor-caju has strong potential for selective delignification of young coconut husk waste while maintaining cellulose content. Biological fermentation using white-rot fungi can therefore be considered a promising and environmentally friendly approach for improving the quality of lignocellulosic waste as ruminant feed
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Sabariyah, Muhammad Jufri, Sayani, Rahman Dani Lasamadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Diversity of Insect Pests, Parasitoids, and Predators on Rice Plants (Oryza Sativa L.) in Minahasa Regency
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops as a major source of carbohydrates for the majority of the world's population. However, to date, rice farming in West Kakas District, Minahasa Regency, still faces problems due to pest attacks. The purpose of this study was to determine the types and diversity of insects on rice plants in West Kakas District, Minahasa Regency. The research was conducted in West Kakas Subdistrict, which was determined using the purposive method, at four locations with five observation points. Insects were captured directly using insect nets. The captured insect samples were collected and grouped according to type. The types and population densities of the captured insects were counted and identified, then analyzed for diversity using the Shenon and Wivier formula to obtain the diversity index (H), similarity index (E), richness index (R), and dominance index (C). The results of the study show that there are insect pests and natural enemies (parasitoids and predators). The insect pests consist of 5 orders, 12 families, and 16 species, namely Dolycorus sp, Scotinopharasp., Stenodema sp, Leptocorisa sp, Paraecosmetus sp, Cofana spectra, Recilia sp., Nephotetix sp, Oxya sp. , Anacridium sp, Chilo sp, Parnara sp, Cnaphalocrocis sp. , Orseolia sp , Chlorops sp, and Phyllotretra sp. Meanwhile, natural enemies consist of 3 orders, 9 families, and 9 species, namely Cyrtohinus sp. , sp, Agryophylax sp. , Sepedon sp., Encarsia sp., Menochilus sp. , Ophionea sp. , Paederus sp., Sceliphron sp. and Agriocnemis sp. The results of the Shannon and Wiever diversity analysis are H' = 3.04 or a high diversity index, the richness index R = 4.67 or moderate criterion value, the evenness index E = 0.52 or moderate and unstable evenness index, and the dominance index C = 0.377 or low dominance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maxi Lengkong, Noni N. Wanta, Meisye H. B. Paruntu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Influencing Shift of Livelihoods from the Agricultural to Non-Agricultural Sector in the Nickel Mining Area of Central Halmahera Regency
Indonesia has several leading sectors that support the national economy, one of which is the agricultural sector. However, over time, there has been a significant shift of labor from the agricultural sector to non-agricultural sectors. This large-scale labor migration has implications for the development and sustainability of the agricultural sector. In the context of North Maluku, the mining sector has emerged as a leading economic sector, particularly in regions such as Central Halmahera. The presence of the mining industry has contributed to changes in local livelihood structures, marked by a shift of labor from the agricultural sector to non agricultural sectors that develop as multiplier effects of mining activities. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the transition of livelihoods from the agricultural sector to non-agricultural sectors in mining areas surrounding Central Halmahera. The research employs descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression methods. The independent variables examined include the reduction of agricultural land (X1), income uncertainty in the agricultural sector (X2), job opportunities in non-agricultural sectors (X3), and income stability in non-agricultural sectors (X4). The results show that the partial regression analysis (t-test) indicate that the reduction of agricultural land (X1) and employment opportunities in the non-agricultural sector (X3) have a statistically significant influence on livelihood shifting (Y). In contrast, uncertainty in the agricultural sector (X2) and income stability in non-agricultural sectors (X4) do not demonstrate a statistically significant influence on livelihood shifting (Y). Furthermore, the results of the simultaneous analysis indicate that these variables collectively have a significant influence on the shift in livelihoods from the agricultural sector to non-agricultural sectors
Copyright (c) 2026 Mardiyani Sidayat, Sartika Syafi, Eka Kusuma Dewi, Mukhlis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Influence of Food Availability, Access, and Utilization on Food Security in South Minahasa Regency
This study aims to (1) identify variables related to food availability, access, absorption, and security in South Minahasa Regency; and (2) determine the effect of food availability, access, and absorption on food security in South Minahasa Regency. The population in this study was all subdistricts in South Minahasa Regency, namely 17 subdistricts. The analysis method in this study used two approaches, namely descriptive analysis and intrinsic analysis. The descriptive analysis used in this study is presented in tables and graphs, while the inferential analysis in this study uses SEM-PLS analysis. Data processing in this study uses the Smart-PLS 4.0 application. Food security will be achieved if the three main dimensions of food security, namely: (i) availability; (ii) accessibility; and (iii) affordability by an individual (family) can be fulfilled. However, this study found that food availability does not affect food security, food access does not affect food security, and food absorption affects food security in South Minahasa Regency
Copyright (c) 2026 Rine Kaunang, Melissa L. G. Tarore, Jenny Baroleh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0