Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA contains scientific articles form of research results that include science, technology, and teaching in the field of science. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA is published monthly. Authors across the globe are welcome to submit their research papers in the prestigious journal fulfilling the requisite criterion.
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Science, Character, Elementary School: A Hybrid Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
The integration of science learning and character education in elementary schools has increasingly attracted scholarly attention; however, the field lacks a comprehensive synthesis mapping its intellectual development, dominant themes, and methodological trajectories. This study aims to systematically examine publication trends, thematic structures, research designs, and emerging gaps in science–character integration at the elementary education level. A hybrid Systematic Literature Review (SLR) combined with bibliometric analysis was conducted on 51 Scopus-indexed articles published between 1997 and 2025. Article selection followed the PRISMA protocol, while co-occurrence and co-authorship analyses were performed using VOSviewer to identify conceptual and collaboration patterns. The findings demonstrate a marked growth in publications after 2018, with Southeast Asia as the primary contributor. Three major thematic clusters emerged: inquiry-based and literacy-oriented science learning, character value development emphasizing responsibility and religiosity, and integrative contextual pedagogical approaches. Quantitative experimental designs dominated the literature, primarily examining impacts on students’ motivation, conceptual understanding, and character formation, whereas longitudinal and mixed-method studies remain scarce. The review highlights the need for interdisciplinary and culturally responsive pedagogical frameworks capable of integrating scientific competencies and character development. This study provides an evidence-based reference for researchers and educators seeking to advance holistic science education in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhsinah Annisa, Teguh Prasetio, Fadhlan Muchlas Abrori, Herti Prastitasari, Mahmuddin, Ifan Anom Bintoro Aji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improving Generic Science Skills through an Interactive Web-Based STEM-PjBL Hybrid Model in Materials Physics with a Deep Learning Approach (A Review)
The development of generic science skills is a crucial objective in contemporary science education to address the demands of 21st-century competencies. This study aims to explore the potential of a Hybrid STEM–Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model supported by web-based interactive learning environments and deep learning approaches in enhancing generic science skills within physics learning materials. A Hybrid Review methodology was employed, integrating a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and a Bibliometric Review. A total of 30 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus and SINTA, published between 2020 and 2026, were systematically analyzed. Bibliometric mapping was used to identify research trends, thematic clusters, and emerging research gaps, while the SLR examined instructional designs, learning outcomes, and pedagogical effectiveness. The results indicate that STEM–PjBL consistently improves students’ generic science skills, including scientific reasoning, problem-solving, data interpretation, and conceptual modeling, particularly when supported by interactive web-based platforms. These platforms facilitate visualization, collaboration, and iterative inquiry processes that are essential in learning abstract physics concepts. Furthermore, the findings highlight that deep learning approaches offer strong potential to provide adaptive scaffolding, personalized feedback, and learning analytics to support students’ inquiry processes, although their implementation in STEM–PjBL contexts remains limited. This study concludes that the integration of STEM–PjBL, web-based interactivity, and deep learning constitutes a promising and scalable framework for advancing generic science skills and provides important implications for future research and instructional design in science education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aris Doyan, Susilawati, Syarful Annam, Linda Sekar Utami, Muhammad Ikhsan, Nuraini Rachma Ardianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Literature Review on the Bioactivity, Phytochemistry, and Dermatological Potential of Carthamus tinctorius L.
This study systematically reviews the bioactivity, phytochemistry, and dermatological potential of Carthamus tinctorius L. using a structured synthesis of nine eligible research articles. The purpose of this review is to consolidate scientific evidence regarding the antioxidant activity, phytochemical composition, molecular mechanisms, and skin-related relevance of this plant across diverse study designs. The findings indicate that Carthamus tinctorius contains polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and fatty acids that exhibit strong antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, and cellular protective effects. Several studies demonstrate its ability to modulate oxidative pathways, inhibit collagen-degrading enzymes, and support skin barrier integrity, highlighting its promising dermatological applications. Variations in bioactivity were influenced by genotype, environmental conditions, and extraction techniques, underscoring the importance of plant origin and processing methods. Overall, the review concludes that Carthamus tinctorius possesses significant potential as a natural source of therapeutic compounds relevant to skin health, anti-aging applications, and future product development. This synthesis also identifies methodological gaps that may guide further experimental, molecular, and formulation-based research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Virsa Handayani, Akrom, Aktsar Roskiana Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study of the Philosophical Foundations, Academic Principles, and Curriculum Policy of Early Childhood Education
This study aimed to analyze the philosophical foundations, academic underpinnings, and policy directions of Early Childhood Education (ECE) curriculum in China and compared them with Indonesia’s ECE framework. The study employed a systematic literature review approach to identify and synthesize scholarly sources, policy documents, and international academic publications related to early childhood education. The review process involved the stages of identification, selection, extraction, and synthesis of literature through thematic analysis and a comparative framework. The findings indicated that China’s ECE curriculum was rooted in Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist values that emphasized morality, social harmony, and emotional balance. Educational reform under China Education Modernization 2035 strengthened the integration of traditional values with pedagogical innovation and promoted play-based learning. In contrast, Indonesia’s ECE curriculum was grounded in Ki Hajar Dewantara’s philosophy and Pancasila values, which highlighted learner autonomy and holistic character development. The comparative analysis revealed that both countries faced distinct challenges: China dealt with early academic pressure and disparities in teacher quality, while Indonesia focused on improving teacher competence and equitable learning facilities. The study conclusion that the successful implementation of ECE curricula depended on policy consistency, professional teacher development, and collaboration between schools and families
Copyright (c) 2026 Lely Widorini Kurniawati, Rachma Hasibuan, Mallevi Agustin Ningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of E-Module with Flipped Classroom Model on Reproductive System Material to Improve Creative Thinking Skills and Learning Outcomes of Students
This research aims to determine the differences in creative thinking abilities and learning outcomes improvement of students using an e-module with the flipped classroom model. The method employed in this research is experimental research. The research design is pretest-posttest group control design. The population of this study consists of eleventh-grade science students at MAN 2 Banda Aceh. Data collection on creative thinking abilities and learning outcomes is conducted using test instruments. Data analysis employs N-gain test and Mann Whitney test with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the data analysis indicate a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The conclusion of this study is that there is a difference in creative thinking abilities and improvement in learning outcomes of students using an e-module with the flipped classroom model.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wirda Hari Yani, Safrida, Muhubbudin M, M. Ali, Cut N https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Differentiated Learning Strategies on Students' Science Learning Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review
In the independent curriculum, differentiated learning is known. Differentiated learning views students differently and dynamically. In this case, teachers view learning from various perspectives. However, this does not mean that differentiated learning is individualized learning. Differentiated learning is a learning approach that adapts learning to the needs of students starting from interests, learning styles, student readiness and other characteristics. In the process, differentiated learning consists of two types, namely differentiation based on learning styles and differentiation based on learning abilities. This study aims to explore differentiated learning related to the research design used, the right learning model, the effect of differentiated learning on students' science learning outcomes and the profile of the use of differentiated learning in science learning at various levels of education. This study is a systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method. Publish or perish was used to collect data from Google Scholar with a span of 2021-2025, 1000 articles were identified and filtered based on criteria, resulting in 15 articles that met the criteria. Research on differentiated learning mostly uses Classroom Action Research (CAR) design. The learning model that is widely used is by combining differentiated learning strategies. Differentiated learning has a positive impact on student learning outcomes and activities. Differentiated learning can be applied at every level of education.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gede Yudi Pratama, I Wayan Redhana, I Nyoman Tika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STEM Learning for Enhancing Self-Efficacy and Control of Variables in Prospective Elementary Teachers: A Systematic Review for Quality Science Education
The objective of this study is to investigate how STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education contributes to enhancing self-efficacy and control-of-variables strategy (CVS) skills among prospective elementary school teachers, using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology. This research examined 15 well-regarded international articles that were published between 2020 and 2025 and are indexed by Scopus. To guarantee a systematic, transparent, and responsible review process, the identification, selection, and inclusion of literature were carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The findings concerning STEM learning models, instructional strategies, and their effects on the psychological and cognitive aspects of prospective teachers were synthesized using thematic analysis. Studies show that STEM approaches based on inquiry, project-based learning, and engineering design consistently improve prospective teachers' self-efficacy in science teaching and strengthen their ability to regularly control variables in experiments. Furthermore, the implementation of the Flipped Classroom model and the integration of digital technology contributes to meaningful learning experiences (mastery experiences), enhanced collaboration, and the development of analytical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, several challenges remain, such as the gap between theory and practice, differences in program duration, and limitations in the development of computational literacy. Overall, STEM learning contributes to preparing prospective elementary school teachers who are confident, reflective, and competent in designing inquiry and technology based science lessons to support the creation of quality science education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Putu Murniasih S, Supriyatman, Afadil, Citra Dewi, Sarintan Kaharu, Nunuk Haryanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Review: Research Trends on Local Wisdom-Based Empathy Values in Science Learning
The integration of empathy values into science education has gained increasing scholarly attention as part of character education and holistic learning paradigms. In multicultural contexts such as Indonesia, local wisdom offers culturally grounded moral frameworks that can strengthen students' socio-emotional competencies, particularly empathy, within science learning. This study aims to synthesize and map global and national research trends on empathy-based local wisdom in science education through a hybrid review approach, combining a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis. A systematic search was conducted across Scopus-indexed journals and SINTA-accredited Indonesian journals published between 2019 and 2025. Following PRISMA guidelines, 21 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed qualitatively to identify conceptual frameworks, instructional models, learning outcomes, and assessment strategies related to empathy development in science education. The results indicate that embedding local wisdom—such as indigenous environmental ethics, communal values, and cultural narratives—into inquiry-based and project-based science learning significantly enhances students' empathy, environmental awareness, and ethical reasoning. However, empirical studies measuring empathy using validated psychometric instruments remain limited, particularly in experimental and longitudinal designs. Furthermore, international publications predominantly emphasize socio-scientific issues, while Indonesian studies focus more on contextual cultural integration. The findings suggest that future research should strengthen interdisciplinary designs, develop standardized empathy assessment tools, and expand cross-cultural comparative studies to advance globally relevant yet locally rooted science education practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Iksan, Ishak Isa, Jusna Ahmad, Masra Latjomph, Frida Maryati Yusuf, Abubakar Sidik Kaili https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Application of Local Potential-Based E-Modules to Improve Students Critical Thinking Skills in Biology Learning: A Systematic Literature Review
The application of e-modules based on local potential in biology learning is an innovation that can integrate science with the local environment. This study aims to analyze the influence, effectiveness, and challenges of applying e-modules to improve critical thinking skills. A systematic literature review was adopted as the research method after selecting and screening articles using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Articles published from 2017 to 2026 were retrieved from Scopus. Of the 109 articles identified, 11 articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results show that electronic modules based on local potential are effective in improving students' critical thinking skills, scientific literacy, problem solving, and other 21st-century skills. The integration of local potential can help students connect scientific concepts with everyday life, creating more relevant and in-depth learning based on reality. However, challenges remain in terms of digital literacy, design, and curriculum suitability. This study is expected to serve as the basis for the development of contextual biology e-modules oriented towards higher-order thinking skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yena Harmelayati, Riandi, Amprasto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Integration of Auditory Intellectual Repetition Model Through the Development of Video Learning Media in Chemistry Practices Aa a Strategy for Adapting Technology in Learning
This study aims to determine the validity of practicum-based learning video media integrated with the Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) model and to describe students’ learning outcomes. The research method employed is developmental research using the ADDIE development model, which consists of the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research procedure includes the preparation stage, implementation stage, and final stage. The results of this study indicate that the developed media, based on validation by subject-matter experts in stages 1, 2, and 3, are categorized as very valid for field implementation, with a validation percentage of 95.6%. Furthermore, the feasibility of the learning media is also classified as very valid, indicating that it is appropriate for use in the learning context. The learning outcomes in the knowledge aspect obtained from 15 students after participating in the learning process are categorized as complete, with an average score of 85.66, which exceeds the minimum mastery criterion (MMC) of 70. This result is attributed to students’ active participation and full attention during the learning process, enabling them to understand the material well and successfully complete the given test. Overall, students’ learning outcomes are declared complete, with an average score of 85.7, which meets the school’s minimum mastery criterion of 70.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Benedikta Tukan, Faderina Komisia, Maria Aloisia Uron Leba, Susana O. Leulaleng, Raymond F. Mesugama, Petronela Onika Lanmai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparison of Dose Distribution with Graphical Optimization and Inverse Planning Techniques in Cervical Cancer Brachytherapy
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death among women in Indonesia, with 36,964 new cases reported in 2022. Brachytherapy is a key component in treating advanced-stage cervical cancer, where dose optimization is critical to maximize the target dose (HRCTV) and minimize exposure to organs at risk. Graphical Optimization (GrO) and Inverse Planning (IP) techniques are commonly used, but comparative studies using Co-60 sources remain limited. Previous studies have largely used Ir‑192, so this study explores the comparison of GrO versus IP using Co‑60, which has not been widely studied in Indonesia. Co‑60 was chosen because it provides a dose distribution comparable to Ir‑192, has a longer half‑life reducing the frequency of source replacements and maintenance costs and has been reported to shorten patient treatment time by approximately 10%. This study compared the dose distribution of both techniques in 30 brachytherapy patients treated with a Co-60 source at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital. Data were analyzed using the Sagiplan 2.2.1 Treatment Planning System (TPS) following the TG-43 protocol. Evaluations included D90 HRCTV, COIN, DHI, bladder D2cc, and rectum D2cc based on ICRU Report 89 recommendations. MANOVA results (SPSS 29.0; significance < 0.05) showed that GrO’s D90 HRCTV (7.239 Gy ± 0.134 Gy) was significantly higher (sig = 0.006) than IP (7.155 Gy ± 0.093 Gy). GrO’s DHI (0.352 ± 0.043) was also superior (sig = 0.030), while COIN, bladder D2cc, and rectum D2cc showed no significant differences. Overall dose distribution for GrO differed significantly from IP (p = 0.011), though all parameters met ICRU standards. Conclusion: GrO excels in target coverage and homogeneity, while IP is equivalent in OAR protection. Both techniques are dosimetrically feasible, but GrO is more adaptive for complex anatomies despite requiring longer planning time.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Nyoman Ratini, I Putu Wesa Angga Jaya, Gusti Ngurah Sutapa, I Putu Tedy Indrayana, Ni Putu Yuni Nurmalasari, I Wayan Balik Sudarsana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Game-Based Learning Using Assemblr Edu on Digital Skills and Critical Thinking of Elementary School Students in Mathematics: Toward Quality Education and Digital Literacy
This research investigates the influence of Game-Based Learning (GBL) using Assemblr Edu on digital skills and critical thinking of fourth-grade students in mathematics. A quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control groups compared 22 students from SDN Sidorejo 01 and 02, Wungu District, Madiun Regency. The experimental group received mathematics instruction using GBL with Assemblr Edu incorporating Augmented Reality technology, while the control group received conventional methods. Data collection utilized practical tests for digital skills, written tests measuring critical thinking based on Facione's framework (interpretation, analysis, explanation, evaluation, self-regulation, and inference), and observational methods. Purposive sampling ensured equivalent class sizes and comparable academic achievement. Data analysis employed normality testing, homogeneity testing, paired sample t-tests, and independent sample t-tests. Results revealed significant improvements in the experimental group's digital skills (mean increase=7.73, t=8.942, p<0.001) and critical thinking abilities (mean increase=6.37, t=7.865, p<0.001) compared to the control group (mean increases of 2.18 points each). Independent t-test confirmed significant differences between groups (digital skills: t=7.234, p<0.001; critical thinking: t=6.518, p<0.001). The study demonstrates that integrating game-based pedagogical approaches with augmented reality technology effectively enhances 21st-century competencies in elementary mathematics education, particularly in semi-rural contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Winarti, Supri Wahyudi Utomo, Marheny Lukitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design and Formative Validation of a Guided Discovery Learning Model Integrated with Motivation to Reasoning and Proving Tasks
This study develops and evaluates an instructional model that integrates Guided Discovery Learning with Mathematical Reasoning and Proving (MRP) Tasks to support undergraduate students’ construction of mathematical proofs in Real Analysis. The research focuses on two foundational criteria in instructional development, namely validity and practicality. Expert review involving five specialists produced high Aiken V and ICC values, indicating strong conceptual coherence, structural alignment, and reliability of judgment across components of the model. Practicality was examined through one to one evaluation, small group testing, and a field implementation involving lecturers and students. Across these stages, the model received high ratings for clarity of instructional flow, readability of tasks, feasibility of classroom enactment, and support for structured reasoning processes. The findings demonstrate that the model is both theoretically sound and operationally feasible, providing a coherent pedagogical trajectory that guides learners from exploration toward formal proof construction. This study contributes a validated instructional model and establishes a foundation for future research on its effectiveness and broader applicability in advanced mathematics learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Selvy Musdalifah, I Wayan Sudarsana, Sukayasa, Dasa Ismaimuza, Sutji Rochaminah, Nurhayadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Study of the Diversity of Pollution Control Plants with Potential as Phytoremediator Agents for Heavy Metals in the City of Surabaya
Surabaya City has a lot of problems with the environment because of excessive urbanization and industrial activities, which include soil, air and water pollution. Among the pollutants of particular concern is heavy metal pollution. One method that can be tried in environmental remediation is phytoremediation, which is the use of plants to restore the environment. The present study focuses on identifying plants in Surabaya that have the capacity to function as heavy metal phytoremediation agents. The present study employs a purposive sampling method in conjunction with a line transect method. The results indicate that 34 plant species possess the capacity to function as effective heavy metal phytoremediation agents. A comprehensive review of the extant literature revealed ten types of heavy metal pollutants with the potential to be accumulated by heavy metal phytoremediation plants in the city of Surabaya, namely Pb, Hg, Cu, As, Fe, Al, Cr, Cd, Zn, and Ni. The diversity index (H') of 2.628, categorized as moderate, and the evenness index of 0.745, categorized as high evenness, indicate that the optimization of phytoremediation plant use can still be maximized by implementing sustainable planting activities as an effective strategy in controlling environmental pollution in large cities such as Surabaya.
Copyright (c) 2026 Akhmad Ferdiansyah, Mukhlishatul Munawaroh, Argus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital-Based Supervision of 21st-Century Skills: An Integrated Evaluation–Supervision Model Using E-MESp 4Cs Mobile
This study examines the implementation of a digital supervision system based on 21st-century skills using the E-MESp 4Cs Mobile platform as an integrated evaluation–supervision model in primary and secondary schools. The research employed an applied research design within a Research, Development, and Diffusion (RD&D) framework, with a specific focus on the implementation evaluation stage. The study involved teachers, principals, and supervisors from Muhammadiyah schools across four regions, comprising an initial pilot phase in Semarang City and an expanded implementation phase in Semarang Regency, Kendal Regency, and Salatiga City. Supervision was conducted through the integration of three core components: lesson planning, instructional implementation, and student learning products, aligned with the competencies of critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication. The findings indicate a recurring gap between documented instructional planning and classroom practices, while instructional implementation and student learning products based on implementation evaluation data generally demonstrated stronger performance across regions. These results suggest that effective instructional practices are not always adequately represented in formal planning documents. The study concludes that digital, data-based supervision can provide a more comprehensive and reflective representation of instructional quality compared to conventional administrative supervision. Within the scope of this implementation-focused study, the E-MESp 4Cs Mobile platform shows potential to support professional development and evidence-based supervisory practices in 21st-century education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alya Dwi Arianty, Eny Winaryati, Andari Puji Astuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Deep Approach to Learning through Constructivism: Enhancing Science Process Skills and Scientific Attitudes for SDG 4 Quality Education in Physics
Science learning in the modern era demands innovative teaching strategies that focus not only on conceptual mastery but also on developing students' science process skills and scientific attitudes. This study analyzes the effectiveness of a deep approach to learning—characterized by higher-order thinking and constructivist strategies—on these competencies in physics education. A quasi-experimental Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design was employed, involving two groups of 200 students each: the experimental group received the deep learning intervention, while the control group used conventional methods. Data from written tests, observations, and attitude questionnaires were analyzed using ANCOVA to control for pretest differences between non-equivalent groups. Results showed significant improvements in the experimental group. Science process skills advanced across all indicators (observation: mean 78.12; classification: 77.45; prediction: 75.90; measurement: 76.30; concluding: 77.80; communicating: 78.50), with overall posttest mean of 76.97 (SD=7.35; t=2.95; p=0.006 <0.05) versus control's 69.37 (SD=8.12). Scientific attitudes also improved (curiosity: 77.20; openness to evidence: 76.80; objectivity: 75.90; critical thinking: 76.50; collaboration: 77.00), yielding mean 76.09 (SD=6.84; t=2.04; p=0.047 <0.05) against control's 75.00 (SD=7.20). The constructivist-based deep approach to learning effectively fosters essential scientific competencies, providing practical recommendations for meaningful physics instruction in Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggi Susilawati, Ulan Dari, Sabaruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Utilization of Social Media (Instagram, Youtube, Tiktok) to Improve Students' Creativity and Learning Outcomes in Learning Acid-Base Theory in High School
Acid-base material in high school chemistry learning is often considered difficult because of its abstract nature, causing misconceptions and mere memorization in grade XI students. Social media (Instagram, YouTube, TikTok) with 139 million YouTube users and 127 million TikTok users in Indonesia has the potential as an interactive media, but has not been explored multi-platform inquiry-based. This study aims to develop an acid-base e-Module based on an integrated social media inquiry model to improve student creativity and learning outcomes. The quasi-experimental method with a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design was applied to two grade XI classes of MAN 6 Pasaman Barat. The experimental class used an e-Module with a social media link, while the conventional control. Data obtained from the validity and practicality test were analyzed using Aiken’s V formula and practicality percentages. The validity test result showed a V value of 0.90, indicating a valid category. The analysis of the teacher practicality questionnaire showed an 86% score categorized as very practical, while the student practicality questionnaire showed an 84% score categorized as practical). The t-test yielded a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.02. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the developed e-module is valid, practical, and effective to improve students' creativity and learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Riga Oktry Silpa, Rahadian Zainul, Umar Kalmar Nizar, Desy Kurniawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Interactive Digital Books with Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Plant Physiology
Plant Physiology is a compulsory course in the biology and biology education study program. The material has a high conceptual complexity, presenting physiological processes, including biochemistry, cellular biology, molecular, genetics, and environmental interactions which constitute the complexity of science. Interdisciplinary, requiring students to integrate knowledge from various disciplines. Interviews revealed that the material is complex, encompassing the study of cells, anatomy, biochemistry, and their relationship to the environment. The available teaching materials are primarily PowerPoint presentations. Lecturers lack teaching materials that adequately explain the mechanisms that occur within the plant body. One effective approach is to utilize interactive digital textbooks equipped with Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR). This research aims to develop an interactive digital with AR and VR for the Plant Physiology. This research is a developmental study using the 4D model. This study was limited to the development stage, which aimed to determine the validity of the digital book. The instrument used was a digital book validity analysis questionnaire. Data analysis used the percentage formula. The results of the study show that the interactive digital book equipped with AR and VR in the plant physiology course is valid with a validation value of 91.82%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aulia Afza, Diana Susanti, Nursyahra, Mourend Defegi, Bambang Supriatno, Riandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Distractor-Based Cognitive Diagnostic Test (DB-CDT) on Thermodynamics Material to Detect High School Students' Data Literacy Skills
This study addresses the lack of specialized diagnostic instruments capable of pinpointing specific cognitive failures in physics data literacy, particularly within Thermodynamics. To bridge this gap, a Distractor-Based Cognitive Diagnostic Test (DB-CDT) was developed and validated for eleventh-grade high school students in Yogyakarta. Utilizing a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE framework, the instrument was built upon the DINA (Deterministic Input, Noisy-AND Gate) cognitive diagnostic model. Expert validation by three specialists yielded an excellent average V-Aiken value of 1.00. Empirical testing on a sample of 540 students across high, medium, and low-tier schools confirmed high psychometric quality: an average INFIT MNSQ of 1.00 (within the 0.77–1.30 range), item difficulty between -2 and +2, and high reliability (0.92). DB-CDT distinguishes itself by using a Q-Matrix to link specific distractors to cognitive errors, such as failures in sign conversion or process interpretation. Analysis of student profiles revealed that the experimental group—utilizing targeted diagnostic feedback—achieved superior mastery in analyzing (96.6%) and interpreting data (90%), whereas the control group, receiving conventional assessment, struggled significantly with inference and synthesis. Theoretically, this research advances the application of Cognitive Diagnostic Models in physics education. Practically, it provides educators with a sensitive tool to profile individual student weaknesses, allowing for more focused instructional interventions in complex scientific topics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Supahar, Ayu Mar’ati Barokatun Ni’mah, Reny Afifah, Putri Edryna Larasati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring Parents' Perceptions Regarding the Importance of Scientific Literacy as a Consideration in Choosing an Elementary School
Basic education is a crucial foundation for a child's academic journey. Amidst the dynamics of the 21st century, dominated by technological advancements and global challenges—from climate change to health crises—the ability to understand and apply scientific concepts is vital. Scientific literacy is not simply the ability to memorize formulas or the names of planets, but rather the capacity to think critically, evaluate evidence-based information, and make logical decisions in everyday life. Changes in parental preferences in choosing elementary schools in Sungai Seluang Village are important to study because they indicate a trend of increasing interest in private schools compared to public schools, in line with the national trend of decreasing public school enrollment. This study primarily aims to examine factors influencing parental decisions, including comparing views on the quality of public and private schools, identifying barriers to accessing information, and assessing the influence of school location. The method used is a qualitative approach (case study) with data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, accompanied by triangulation for validity testing. The results show that the dominant factors influencing parental choices include teaching quality, facilities, access to information, perceptions of security, and school distance, and these findings are directed to support the development of more responsive local education policies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Komariah, Muhammad Zuhaery, Suyatno Suyatno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Instrument Test to Measure Student’s Critical Thinking Ability in Solar System Material
Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0 Era required student to develop critical thinking ability. Indonesian student have a very low ranking PISA in critical thinking ability. The Development of student’s critical thinking need to be done through habituation of learning process to use critical thinking instrument test. Objective of this research is 1) feasibility of critical thinking instrument 2) Measuring students' critical thinking abilities in each indicator of critical thinking abilities developed 3) Instrument quality testing includes difficulty level, discrimination power, and reliability. The development research method used limited to the development stage. It does not reach the full implementation and evaluation stages. This instrument was tested for its feasibility by lecturers and teachers using the Aiken V index, and its quality was tested involving eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 8 Palangka Raya. The findings obtained in the study include 1) the suitability of the critical thinking instrument for use; 2) Students' critical thinking abilitys are low in each indicator; 3) The quality test shows the need for improvement of the test instrument on 2 questions in the pre-test and 6 questions in the post-test because they have low discriminatory power. This research contributes to outlining the need for instrument quality testing stages in developing critical thinking instruments in addition to the validation stage. Based on the existing findings, it can be concluded that the developed test instrument has undergone improvements based on the validation stage and the instrument quality testing stage used to measure students' critical thinking abilitys on the solar system material, so that it can be a measuring tool that supports the development of science learning that improves students' critical thinking abilitys.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yonatan Vari, Toni Dwi Fauzi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Canva-Based RESPIRA Media as an Innovation in Science Learning on the Human Respiratory System in Elementary Schools
This study developed RESPIRA (Respiratory Education System with Process, Interactivity, and Animation), a Canva-based learning media designed to improve fifth-grade students' attention and understanding of the human respiratory system—a challenging topic due to its abstract and complex nature. Using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), the research was conducted at SDN Sumberbendo, Lamongan Regency. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, attention surveys, and pretest-posttest assessments. Descriptive analysis, N-Gain calculations, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test were employed to evaluate validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Results indicated high validity (94.4%), excellent practicality ratings from teachers (97.33%) and students (95.76%), and significant effectiveness improvements. Student attention increased from 70.29% (high) to 89.67% (very high), while learning outcomes showed an average N-Gain of 0.71 (high category). The Wilcoxon test revealed significant differences between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.001). RESPIRA media proved valid, practical, and effective for elementary science education, successfully enhancing attention and conceptual understanding through interactive, engaging, and contextually appropriate learning experiences aligned with student characteristics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Akhmad Sugiarto, Sendi Ramadhani, Novi Andri Nurcahyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Group Counseling Using Assertive Training Techniques with Virtual Reality Based on Artificial Intelligence Video to Improve Assertiveness in Students with Nice Girl Syndrome: A Quasi-Experimental Study
The nice girl syndrome is a phenomenon that has a negative impact on individuals' lives, causing teenage girls to have poor interpersonal relationships. One way to overcome this problem is to practice assertiveness. This study aims to test the effectiveness of group counseling using assertive training techniques with virtual reality based on artificial intelligence video to improve the assertiveness of students with nice girl syndrome. This research uses a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. The sample consists of 20 female students selected using purposive sampling. The instruments used in this study were an assertive behavior scale that had been tested for validity and reliability, and a nice girl syndrome scale developed by Beverly Engel. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon formula (Signed Rank Test), Mann-Whitney U, and N-gain score test. The results of the study showed that the application of group counseling services using assertive training techniques, combined with virtual reality based on artificial intelligence video in the experimental group, can improve the assertive behavior of students with Nice Girl Syndrome more effectively. This can be seen from the two tests conducted, namely using the Mann-Whitney U formula and the N-gain Score test. The results of this study provide new directions and effective innovations in the implementation of group counseling in the digital technology era, and further development is needed for a wider population.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Wahid, Yarmis Syukur, Afdal, Puji Gusri Handayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimizing Cognitive Engagement in Probability Theory: The Integration of Plotagon Animation and PBL-Based Google Sites for Vocational Students
This study aims to develop a mathematics teaching module based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) supported by Google Sites and Plotagon to enhance vocational high school students’ mathematical problem-solving skills. The research employed a research and development design using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The developed module integrates contextual problems aligned with vocational technology programs and is delivered through an interactive web platform and animated learning videos. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, observation sheets, and problem-solving ability tests. The results showed that the module achieved a high level of validity in terms of content, instructional design, language, and media aspects. The practicality evaluation indicated that the module was easy to use, engaging, and effective in facilitating student learning activities. Furthermore, the effectiveness analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in students’ mathematical problem-solving skills after the implementation of the module. These findings suggest that the integration of PBL with digital platforms such as Google Sites and Plotagon provides an innovative and effective learning environment, particularly for vocational education contexts. Therefore, the developed module is feasible to be implemented as an alternative instructional resource to support mathematics learning and enhance students’ higher-order thinking skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurhafizah Hayati, Yulyanti Harisman, Ahmad Fauzan, Suherman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integration of Everyday Life Science Context in RME-Based Social Arithmetic Learning
This study develops and validates a Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) integrating everyday life science contexts within Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) framework for teaching social arithmetic to seventh-grade students. Through design research methodology involving three students with varying mathematical abilities, the research examined how contextually rich learning activities scaffold students' progression from informal to formal mathematical reasoning. Results demonstrated significant improvements in conceptual understanding across all ability levels, with most substantial gains observed among lower-ability students (143.8% improvement). Qualitative analysis revealed students' transformation from procedural memorization to conceptual reasoning, with contextual barriers rather than cognitive limitations identified as primary impediments to mathematical understanding. The HLT successfully facilitated students' development of meaningful connections between mathematical procedures and real-world applications, particularly in profit-loss scenarios and taxation calculations. These findings indicate that RME-based contextual integration creates effective pathways to conceptual mastery, offering inclusive learning opportunities that address persistent gaps between classroom mathematics and practical application. The research contributes to both theoretical understanding of mathematics learning trajectories and practical instructional design for meaningful mathematics education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muth Mainnah Rangkuti, Edwin Musdi, Ahmad Fauzan, Yerizon, Arnellis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Blood Profile, Productivity, and Carcass Characteristics of Super Superior Kampung Chickens Supplemented with Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Selenium and Infected with Escherichia coli
Balitbangtan's superior native chicken (KUB) is a local chicken produced from genetic crossbreeding of native chickens that are susceptible to heat stress. Heat stress was reduced by adding vitamin C, vitamin E, and Se to the feed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplementation of Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Se in KUB chickens on blood profiles, productivity, and carcass cuts. The materials used were KUB chickens, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and selenium. This study used a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that supplementation of vitamin E, Vitamin C, and selenium in chickens infected with Escherichia coli did not show significant differences in drinking consumption and body weight but showed differences in feed consumption. Meanwhile, long-term maintenance had a significant effect. Supplementation of vitamin E, Vitamin C, and selenium in chickens infected with Escherichia coli did not show significant differences in carcass and carcass cuts. Blood protein, hemoglobin, red blood cells, hematocrit, monocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes did not show any differences, while eosinophils showed significant differences with the treatment of supplementation of vitamin E, Vitamin C, and selenium in chickens infected with Escherichia coli. The conclusion of this study is that supplementation of vitamin E, Vitamin C, and selenium in chickens infected with Escherichia coli did not show any differences in productivity, carcass, and blood profile, but had a significant effect on feed consumption and eosinophils.
Copyright (c) 2026 Roisu Eny Mudawaroch, Faruq Iskandar, Fayza Maya Azzahra, Ushonahito Muhammad Rizquna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Analysis as a Framework for Mapping the Root Causes of Production Inefficiencies in Cream Filling Processes
This study aims to utilize Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) analysis as a diagnostic framework to identify and map the root causes of performance losses in critical cream filling machinery within a cosmetics manufacturing company in East Java, recognizing that fragmented or piecemeal approaches to evaluating machine performance often fail to capture the interrelated sources of production inefficiency. The research was conducted over a three-month period using a descriptive quantitative method through direct observation of filling machine operations. The collected data included machine operating time, downtime, production output, and defective units. In this study, OEE was applied not merely as a performance indicator but as a loss-based diagnostic tool capable of systematically revealing hidden inefficiencies affecting equipment effectiveness. The results show that OEE values fluctuated significantly between 20.31% and 90.51%, with monthly averages of 71.12%, 80.62%, and 61.29%, respectively. While the quality component remained relatively stable at above 98%, substantial variations were observed in availability and performance due to machine downtime and reduced operating speeds. Further analysis using the Six Big Losses framework identified setup and adjustment time and idling or minor stoppages as the dominant contributors to decreased machine effectiveness, confirming that the filling machine functions as a critical production bottleneck whose instability directly influences production continuity. These losses collectively accounted for the majority of production interruptions and performance deterioration throughout the observation period. The findings underscore the importance of systematically reducing the Six Big Losses to stabilize and improve OEE. Implementing preventive maintenance, minimizing setup time variability, and strengthening operational discipline are therefore essential steps for achieving sustainable improvements in machine effectiveness and overall production efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asmaul Fauziah, Endang Wahyu Fitriani, Agnes Nuniek Winantari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Refining Pedagogical Skills in LS-Driven TP: Insights into PSCST’s Professional Competence
This quantitative study examines the impact of a teaching practicum, integrated with Lesson Study, on the pedagogical competency of 93 pre-service science teachers in the Pendidikan Profesi Guru (PPG) program at Universitas Tadulako, Indonesia. This study is a quantitative survey using purposive-stratified sampling (N = 93 PPG teachers). The data relied on self-assessment questionnaires, risking subjective bias. The intervention included iterative Lesson Study cycles (Plan–Do–See–Reflection). Practically, the results support LS-based practicum improvement, but generalization is limited to similar PPG contexts and regional settings. Data were gathered using self-assessment questionnaires and bolstered by Lesson Study, using a validated 5-point Likert-scale instrument that was aligned with the four phases of Lesson Study (Plan, Do, See, Reflection). The findings supported H₁ and rejected H₀, indicating a high level of general pedagogical competency (M = 3.62, SD = 0.45). Plan (M = 3.67) and Do (M = 3.65) phases showed strengths, especially in ICT integration and conceptual clarity, while See (M = 3.55) and Reflection (M = 3.58) phases showed relative deficiencies. Regression analysis revealed that Reflection ratings significantly predicted overall competency (β = 0.32, p < 0.001, R² = 0.28), and repeated-measures ANOVA validated significant phase differences (F (3,276) = 4.82, p = 0.003, η² = 0.05). The results demonstrate how well Lesson Study promotes evidence-based pedagogical development, particularly through iterative reflection, and provide empirical evidence in favor of its broader implementation in Indonesian PPG programs to improve science teacher training in areas with limited resources. This study contributes theoretically by operationalizing PSCST-based pedagogical competence within a Lesson Study framework.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Mulyani Sabang, Muhammad Fachri B. Paloloang, I Komang Werdhiana, Muh. Syarif S. Abd. Syukur, Dewi Satria Ahmar, Muhammad Fath Azzajjad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sleep Quality Among Employees of Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Higher Education Using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
Sleep is a vital physiological process essential for overall health and productivity. Among university employees, poor sleep quality has been linked to reduced job performance, increased risk of mental health disorders, and heightened susceptibility to occupational burnout. These risks are particularly salient in academic environments, where high administrative demands and blurred work-life boundaries are increasingly common. This study evaluated sleep quality among employees at Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) while investigating key demographic predictors. Employing a cross-sectional quantitative design, data were collected from 300 administrative and academic staff using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Initially, a chi-square goodness-of-fit test was conducted to assess the associations among categorical variables, and a generalized linear model (GLM) was subsequently utilized to identify factors influencing sleep quality, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. The results revealed that approximately 75.67% of employees exhibited good sleep quality. Notably, significant sex differences were observed: females demonstrated a higher prevalence of poor sleep quality compared to males. Furthermore, age emerged as a critical predictor, with employees in the 41–50 age group reporting better sleep quality than those in the 21–30 and 31–40 age groups. These findings underscore the importance of considering demographic factors when developing targeted interventions aimed at improving sleep health in organizational settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Esra Maduma Sinurat, Gres Maretta, Yanti Ariyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Integration of Deep Learning and Problem-Based Learning to Enhance Critical Thinking in Elementary Science Education
This study investigates the integration of a Deep Learning approach with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model to enhance critical thinking and conceptual understanding in Grade 6 science learning. A qualitative descriptive design was employed involving one teacher and 23 students at SDI Tirtayasa. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, and analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The findings reveal that the integration of Deep Learning principles—namely, meaningful, mindful, and joyful learning—with structured PBL phases significantly increased students’ engagement, collaborative inquiry, and conceptual connection to real-life contexts, particularly in the topic of the human movement system. Students demonstrated improved questioning skills, argumentation, and reflective thinking. The teacher’s facilitative role was crucial in scaffolding deeper inquiry and metacognitive processes. Despite limitations in time allocation and laboratory facilities, adaptive strategies enabled effective implementation. This study contributes empirically by demonstrating how the synergy between Deep Learning and PBL can operationalize student-centered science learning in elementary settings. The findings support the sustainable implementation of integrative pedagogical models to promote higher-order thinking in primary science education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Thoif Marsam, Risma Afriani, Rizky Nurul Hidayah, Oktovia, Riana Puspita Sipahutar, Supardi Uki Sajiman, Huri Suhendri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Science Flipbook within the Framework of NTT Local Wisdom to Enhance Junior High School Students’ Conceptual Understanding
The widespread availability of instructional materials, particularly textbook packages, allows students to access learning resources either independently or through schools. However, many of the images and phenomena presented in these materials originate from contexts unfamiliar to students, requiring them to imagine situations they have never encountered. To address this issue, instructional materials were developed based on real-world problems drawn from local contexts, specifically salt production and gula lempeng (traditional palm sugar) production from palm sap, to provide meaningful and contextual learning experiences. This study employed a research and development approach using the ADDIE model. Data collection involved questionnaire techniques for validating the instructional materials through expert validation sheets, as well as test techniques to measure students’ conceptual understanding after implementation. The validation results showed that the instructional materials achieved high feasibility scores in terms of material (0.90), language (0.85), presentation (0.83), and media (0.86), all of which fall within the very valid category. Furthermore, students’ conceptual understanding test results exceeded 80%, indicating very good mastery of the concepts. These findings suggest that science instructional materials based on local wisdom and supported by a flipbook format are highly valid and effective in optimizing students’ conceptual understanding of temperature, heat, and thermal expansion.
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudia Mariska M Maing, Maria Ursula Jawa Mukin, Oktavianus Ama Ki`I https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainability Index as a Basic for Policy Directions for Agroforestry Private Forest Management in Leuwiliang Subdistrict, Bogor Regency
Agroforestry-based private forests (HR) play an important role in supporting rural economies and providing ecosystem services. However, in Leuwiliang Subdistrict, Bogor Regency, HR management faces challenges such as land-use conversion, limited cultivation technology, and weak institutional support, which threaten its sustainability. This study aimed to assess the sustainability status of agroforestry-based private forests using a multidimensional approach covering ecological, economic, socio-cultural, institutional, and accessibility-technology dimensions. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 49 purposively selected farmers and stakeholders and analyzed using the MDS-Rapfish method. The results show that the overall sustainability status is categorized as less sustainable (index 44.31). The ecological dimension has the highest score, while the economic dimension has the lowest. Sensitive attributes include felling intensity, community welfare level, and forestry extension programs. These findings indicate that improving economic performance, strengthening institutional support, and enhancing extension services are essential to achieve sustainable agroforestry management. The study provides policy directions for improving private forest sustainability in rural areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizka Yuni Kartika, Dodik Ridho Nurrochmat, Meti Ekayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Appearance of Quantitative Characters and Character Correlation in Corn Lines Resulting from Selfing under Dryland Conditions
This study investigates the quantitative characteristics of several generations of self-pollinated lines and the F2 population, as well as the correlation between these characteristics and leaf angle, harvest age, and yield in corn plants. The experiment was carried out in Gumantar village, North Lombok, from May to September 2024, and was designed using a Complete Randomized Block Design with treatments including the F2 population, 15 S1 lines, 15 S2 lines, 15 S3 lines, and 15 S4 lines. The study examined 14 quantitative characteristics. The experimental data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Further testing was conducted using the DMRT test at a 5% level. Correlations between traits were calculated using the Pearson correlation test. The research results demonstrate that the quantitative characteristics of several generations of selfing lines and the F2 population differ, except for ASI and cob diameter. The selfing from the first through fourth generations exhibit lower values compared to the F2 population, with the exceptions of anthesis-tasseling age, silk emergence, and harvest age. Most traits are associated with the medium harvest age category. The yield is correlated with most quantitative characters in the medium to strong category. The selection of plants to be selfed to form the S5 lines and increase yields should use plant height as a selection criterion.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Wayan Sri Suliartini, I Wayan Sutresna, I Wayan Sudika, Novita Hidayatun Nufus, Wa Ode Nuraida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Validation of Phyleb-VIV Media for Training Middle School Students’ Physics Problem-Solving Skills
This study aimed to validate Phyleb-VIV, a web-based learning medium that integrates a virtual laboratory, interactive simulations, and video-based instruction to train junior high school students’ problem-solving skills in direct-current electricity. The development research followed the ADDIE model, and this report focuses on the implementation outcomes and formative expert evaluation. Expert validation was conducted by three validators using a 1–5 Likert-type instrument across four aspects, namely Content, Appearance and Design, Language and Communication, and Interactivity and Engagement. Data were analyzed descriptively using mean Likert scores (P) and validity criteria. The results indicated that all aspects fell into the Highly Valid category, namely Content (P = 4.80), Appearance and Design (P = 5.00), Language and Communication (P = 5.00), and Interactivity and Engagement (P = 4.75). These findings confirm that Phyleb-VIV is suitable for classroom try-outs to examine its practicality and effectiveness. Recurrent qualitative feedback from validators emphasized the need for more diagnostic, topic-specific automated feedback and regular content updates to maintain relevance. In conclusion, Phyleb-VIV demonstrates excellent validity in terms of content, interface, communication, and interactivity, and is ready for further testing to evaluate its impact on improving students’ conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills in direct-current electricity.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Made Hermanto, Dewi Diana Paramata, Rahim Tolingguhu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Logix Games-Based STEAM Learning to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills
This study aims to describe the application of STEAM learning based on Logix games to improve students' critical thinking skills in science (Physics) material at SMP Negeri 8 Ambon. This study uses quantitative and qualitative research methods, a quasi-experimental type of research involving an experimental group and a control group. The sampling method is carried out randomly. The sample in this study consisted of 46 students. The design used was a pre-test post-test control group design. The research design was Quasi-Experimental. Data analysis in this study was conducted using quantitative descriptive analysis to describe the data as it is in the form of percentages and explain the data or events with explanatory sentences qualitatively and also used differential statistical analysis. The data analysis techniques used include: independent t-test and N-Gain test for test results and qualitative descriptive response test. The results of the N-Gain test found that in the control class using the conventional model, most students did not experience an increase in critical thinking skills with a percentage increase in the low category of 82.35% and a medium category of 17.65%, while for the experimental class it was found that the experimental class using the STEAM approach based on games logic on critical thinking skills experienced an increase in cognitive critical thinking skills with a percentage in the high category of 13.04%, medium of 78.26%, and low of 8.7%, this is supported by the value of the independent t-test with a 2-tailed sign value of less than 0.05 at the assumed equal variances value, there is a significant difference between the control and experimental classes where the treatment of the experimental class affects the student's grades, causing the grades to be higher than the value of the control class that was not given any treatment, so in general it can be concluded that the application of the STEAM approach based on games logic in science learning provides significant opportunities for students to develop critical thinking skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Carolina Sri Athena Barus, Sally Untajana, Fryan Sopacua, Venty Sopacua, Jhony Taihuttu, Yansen Kapitan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bibliometric Analysis of Microlearning Research Results in the World of Education
The rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT) has accelerated the adoption of microlearning in education; however, a comprehensive overview of its research trends remains limited. This study aims to examine the development of microlearning research in education over the past decade, with particular attention to publication growth, dominant subject areas, and leading contributing countries. A bibliometric approach was employed to analyze 201 documents indexed in the Scopus database, published between 2016 and 2025. Literature retrieval was conducted using the keywords “microlearning,” “micro-learning,” and “education.” Inclusion criteria covered English-language journal articles and conference proceedings focusing on microlearning applications in educational contexts, while unrelated documents and incomplete records were excluded. Data were analyzed using Bibliometrix (Biblioshiny) and VOSviewer to identify publication trends, subject area distribution, country contributions, and network structures through co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, and citation analyses. The findings reveal a significant increase in publications, particularly between 2020 and 2025, with strong representation in social sciences, psychology, economics, and politics, surpassing computer science and information technology. The United States, Germany, and China emerged as the most influential contributors. Overall, microlearning demonstrates strong potential to enhance learning outcomes through flexible, concise, and technology-supported instructional approaches.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diana Susanti, Shakinaz Desa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of the Tulak-Tulak Script–Based Deep Learning Approach in Animal Life Cycle Learning as an Effort to Digitize Cultural Heritage
Local wisdom education can preserve traditional scripts (such as Tulak-Tulak) which are threatened with extinction by incorporating them into learning. This study aims to improve students' understanding of the Animal Life Cycle material through the application of a deep learning approach based on the Tulak-Tulak script as an effort to digitize and preserve Mandailing culture. The study was conducted at SD Negeri 150 Tano Bato, Mandailing Natal Regency, with 22 fourth-grade students as subjects. The method used was classroom action research (CAR) consisting of two cycles, each consisting of the planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and written tests. The results of the study showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes, with the percentage of completion increasing from 23.8% in Cycle I to 90.9% in Cycle II. The application of a deep learning approach based on meaningful, mindful, and joyful learning has been proven to improve students' conceptual understanding and foster higher learning interest. The integration of the Tulak-Tulak script in learning not only provides a contextual and interactive learning experience, but also introduces and preserves local cultural values ​​through the science learning process. Thus, the implementation of the Tulak-Tulak script-based deep learning approach is an effective innovation in improving the quality of learning while strengthening efforts to digitize regional cultural heritage in elementary education environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jalilah Azizah Lubis, Ananda Siddiq, Ilmi Aulina Rahim, Tiara Angraini Hasibuan, Sutan Muda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental Anxiety among Students in Islamic Boarding Schools: A Comparative Study
Environmental anxiety has increasingly been recognized as a significant psychological response to the global ecological crisis, particularly among adolescents within formal educational settings where climate change discourse is integrated into learning processes. As schools function as primary spaces for cognitive, emotional, and moral development, understanding how educational contexts shape students’ ecological concerns become essential. This study examines the impact of educational background on students’ environmental anxiety by comparing Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) and non-Islamic schools in South Tapanuli Regency. Employing a quantitative comparative design, data were collected from 60 students (30 pesantren and 30 non-pesantren) using an adapted Environmental Anxiety Scale. The analysis covered five dimensions: fear of ecological disasters, future anxiety, ecological guilt, ecological paralysis, and denial. Findings indicate that non-pesantren students reported significantly higher anxiety levels across all dimensions (p < 0.05), while also demonstrating stronger pro-environmental behavior (p < 0.01). In contrast, pesantren students exhibited lower anxiety levels, potentially reflecting the internalization of religious values and communal support as adaptive coping mechanisms. These findings suggest that educational background significantly influences adolescents’ emotional and behavioral responses to environmental challenges. The study contributes to policy discourse by emphasizing the integration of ecological literacy with spiritual and ethical reflection to foster ecological resilience and responsible behavior among young learners.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dakkal Harahap, Baiduri, Yus Mochamad Cholily, Abdulkadir Rahardjanto, Rr Eko Susetyarini, Lud Waluyo, Atok Miftachul Hudha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Spatial Analysis of the Driving Factors Behind Agricultural Land Conversion in Relation to Food Security Policy (Case Study: Bogor Regency)
The conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural uses poses a significant threat to food security, particularly in metropolitan buffer regions such as Bogor Regency. Rapid population growth and economic restructuring have led to a 24.5% reduction in rice field area, declining from 48,177 ha in 2003 to 36,355 ha in 2019, contributing to a regional rice deficit of 37%. This study employs a quantitative spatial approach using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), integrating Spatial Overlay, Cellular Automata (CA), and a Multi-Layer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN) to analyze land conversion dynamics and evaluate the effectiveness of spatial planning policies. The results reveal persistent conversion of rice fields, including within designated food crop zones under the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW), indicating a misalignment between spatial planning and actual land-use dynamics. This study contributes to applied environmental science by demonstrating the value of integrated spatial modeling in assessing land-use policy effectiveness and supporting spatially informed strategies for sustainable agricultural land management and local food security.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizki Pranata Dewa, Perdinan, Lukytawati Anggraeni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STEM Learning Transformation: Solar Cell–Based Robotic Ship as an Innovative Medium for Student Creativity
This study aims to examine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of a STEM-based robotic solar cell ship as a learning medium to enhance students’ creative thinking skills. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model, which consists of the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The participants were 64 tenth-grade students from SMK Negeri 1 Dumai, selected through random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, observation sheets, and creative thinking skills tests. The validity results showed that the robotic solar cell ship met the valid criteria, with average scores of 3.75 for device functionality, 3.67 for learning components, 3.58 for ease of use, and 3.59 for aesthetics and construction. In terms of practicality, positive responses were obtained from teachers (3.89), prospective teachers (3.68), and students (3.10), indicating that the media was easy to use and suitable for classroom learning. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the STEM robotic solar cell ship was proven through improvements in students’ creative thinking indicators: elaboration (51.25%), originality (46.09%), fluency (86.75%), and flexibility (71.45%). These findings demonstrate that the media supports students in understanding renewable energy, technological design, and the working principles of solar-powered electrical systems. Overall, the robotic solar cell ship serves as an innovative STEM learning tool that promotes creativity, environmental awareness, and sustainable technology literacy to address future global challenges.
Copyright (c) 2026 Y Yennita, Z Zulirfan; Hermawan Susanto, Salsabila Izzati; Ina Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Learning Module Based on Search, Solve, Create, and Share (SSCS) to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills
This study is a Research and Development (R&D) project employing the 4D model to develop an SSCS-based learning module. The primary focus of this research is to create a learning tool that is valid, practical, and effective in enhancing the critical thinking skills of tenth-grade students at SMAN 9 Gowa for the 2025/2026 academic year. Based on the validation results from three experts analyzed using the Aiken’s V formulation, the module was declared valid, with average scores of 0.71 for content feasibility, 0.89 for presentation, and 0.85 for language. Furthermore, the module demonstrated a high level of practicality based on teacher assessments, covering instructions 0.71, component coverage 0.73, and language 0.89. In terms of effectiveness, the N-Gain test results showed an improvement in critical thinking skills with a score of 0.59, placing the module in the effective category. Consequently, it can be concluded that the developed SSCS-based learning module meets all feasibility criteria and has proven successful in improving the quality of learning at the school.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erna Mawarni, Kaharuddin Arafah, Pariabti Palloan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Project Activity Cooperative Exercise (PACE) Learning Model on Students’ Mathematical Communication Skills in Science Integrated Mathematics Education
This quasi-experimental study examined the effect of the Project, Activity, Cooperative Learning, and Exercise (PACE) model on eighth-grade students' mathematical communication ability in solid geometry. Forty students from SMPN 6 Model Kota Sungai Penuh were assigned to an experimental group (PACE model) and a control group (conventional instruction). Both groups received six learning sessions on cubes and cuboids, followed by a six-item essay test assessing three communication indicators: written text, drawing, and mathematical expressions. Data analysis using independent samples t-test revealed the experimental group achieved a significantly higher mean score (81.25, high category) compared to the control group (73.125, moderate category); t(38) = 2.899, p = 0.006. The rejection of the null hypothesis confirmed that PACE implementation positively influenced students' ability to express mathematical ideas through verbal explanations, accurate visual representations, and appropriate symbolic notations. The model's project-based and collaborative components effectively scaffolded students' articulation of geometric concepts, demonstrating its pedagogical value for enhancing mathematical discourse in Indonesian lower secondary classrooms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Reka Afrillia Zeni, Edwin Musdi, Laswadi, Eline Yanty Putri Nasution, Romi Kurniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lumi Education–Assisted Problem-Based Mathematics Modules to Foster Students’ Mathematical Problem-Solving and Scientific Reasoning
This research aimed to develop mathematics teaching modules based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) with Lumi Education assistance to enhance students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. The development research employed the Plomp model, consisting of preliminary investigation, prototyping, and assessment phases. Data collection utilized interviews, questionnaires, checklists, and mathematical problem-solving ability tests. The resulting teaching module and student worksheets demonstrated excellent validity with validity scores of 3.64 and 3.62, respectively, across content feasibility, presentation, graphic, and language aspects. Practicality assessment revealed 91% student response during small group evaluation and 85.36% during field testing, both rated as highly practical. Additionally, educator responses reached 93% practicality rating. The module proved effective with an average percentage of 71.87% in enhancing students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. This research concludes that the PBL-based teaching module assisted by Lumi Education for matrix material is valid, practical, and effective for improving mathematical problem-solving skills among vocational high school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erlan Juarsa, Elita Zusti Jamaan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Birds as Biodiversity Barometers in the Anthropocene: Updating Concepts, Correcting Biases, and Scaling Indicators for Policy Impact
Birds are powerful biodiversity indicators due to their wide distribution and responsiveness to environmental pressures. Building on prior reviews, we synthesize methodological advances to update the Multi-species Bird Index (MSI) field. This study recaps limitations like European/breeding-season biases and uncertainty gaps while integrating recent studies that expand analytical rigor. Advances in passive acoustic monitoring, remote sensing, and trait-based models now improve species selection and reduce detectability errors. We translate these into practical guidance for policy application and a research agenda emphasizing seasonal completeness. The synthesis underscores birds’ role as decision ready barometers and provides a blueprint for robust monitoring. Birds serve as premier biodiversity barometers due to their cosmopolitan distribution and sensitivity to anthropogenic pressures. However, traditional Multi species Bird Indicators (MSIs) often suffer from significant Europe-centric and breeding-season biases that limit their global policy impact. This study synthesizes recent methodological breakthroughs to update the MSI framework. We evaluate the integration of Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), high-resolution remote sensing (ALS LiDAR), and trait-based selection criteria into standard monitoring protocols. Our synthesis reveals that combining automated sensor networks with hierarchical Bayesian models effectively mitigates detectability errors and fills critical data gaps in under-represented regions. Furthermore, linking avian indicators with carbon sequestration and equity metrics allows for more robust prioritization of Nature based Solutions (NbS). We provide a practical blueprint for next-generation indicators that emphasize seasonal completeness and statistical rigor. By shifting from retrospective reports to forward-looking policy tools, these refined barometers can more accurately track progress toward global biodiversity targets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Daud Yusuf, Dewi Wahyuni K Baderan, Sukirman Rahim, Zuliyanto Zakaria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Intertextual E-Module on Intermolecular Forces with Potential to Improve Students’ Concept Mastery and Critical Thinking Skills
This study aims to develop an intertextual-based e-module on the concept of intermolecular forces that has the potential to improve students' conceptual mastery and critical thinking skills. The research was conducted using the ADDIE model, which concluding at the development stage. The e-module was designed by integrating multiple chemical representations (macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic) to enable students to master the concept comprehensively. In addition, the e-module was developed based on critical thinking indicators. The results showed that the e-module had characteristics of being self-instructional, self-contained, stand-alone, adaptive, user-friendly, consistent, multimedia-integrated, intertextual-based, and attentive to learning principles. The developed e-module was tested for feasibility by media experts, language experts, subject matter experts, and instructional method experts. The feasibility test results indicated that the e-module was declared feasible with some suggestions for improvement. The suggestions and feedback from the experts were used to revise the product design. Thus, an intertextual-based e-module on the concept of intermolecular forces was obtained, which has the potential to improve students' concept mastery and critical thinking skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hany Ayudyaningrum, Wiji, Tuszie Widhiyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Synergy of Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Digital Literacy, and Instructional Design Skills in Preparing Quality Elementary Teachers for Impactful Learning
This study examines how Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), digital literacy, and instructional design skills synergistically influence perceived impactful learning among elementary teacher education students. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed: quantitative data from 222 students via surveys, followed by qualitative data from 15 students through focus group interviews. Quantitative results show PCK and instructional design skills collectively explain 70% of variance in impactful learning, with balanced and strong effects, while digital literacy functions as a supporting enabler rather than primary determinant. Qualitative findings identify six facilitating factors, eight barriers, and seven moderators that contextualize competency integration patterns. The study proposes three conceptual frameworks Synergistic Competency Framework, Grade Responsive Pedagogy Framework, and Pedagogy Primacy Framework integrated within the Subject-Specific Deep Learning Pedagogy (SSDLP) model, which positions PCK as the foundational layer for technology-enhanced instruction. Conclusions emphasize that impactful learning emerges when pedagogical foundations precede technological integration, with field experience and intrinsic motivation as critical catalysts. Teacher education programs should prioritize systematic PCK development, positioning digital literacy as complementary infrastructure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sundahry, Syahrial, Yantoro, Destrinelli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Work Readiness Through Technopreneurship and Digital Literacy: A Study of Information Technology Students
Digital technology has transformed labor market demands, requiring university graduates to possess comprehensive work readiness. This study analyzes the influence of technopreneurship and digital literacy on Information Technology students’ work readiness at private universities. Using a quantitative approach, 307 respondents were selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected via Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0. Findings revealed both variables significantly and positively influence work readiness, with digital literacy as the dominant factor. The R² value of 0.63 indicates that 63% of work readiness variance is explained by these factors. Results highlight the importance of integrating technopreneurship and digital literacy into higher education curricula to prepare graduates for digital industry demands. Universities should strengthen project-based learning, startup incubation programs, and applied digital training. This study provides empirical evidence of technopreneurship and digital literacy’s simultaneous effect on work readiness in developing technological ecosystems, contributing to quality education and decent work opportunities aligned with sustainable development goals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yogi Irdes Putra, Ali Idrus, Firman, Sofyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of a Geogebra-Assisted Calculus Teaching Module in Enhancing Learning Outcomes to Support Quality Education (SDG 4)
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a GeoGebra-assisted calculus teaching module in improving students’ mathematical learning outcomes. The research employed a One-Group Pretest–Posttest design using a mixed-methods approach. The participants were 17 Informatics Engineering students enrolled in a calculus course at Universitas Putra Indonesia YPTK Padang during the 2025/2026 academic year. Quantitative data were obtained from pretest and posttest scores, while qualitative data were collected through student response questionnaires regarding the use of the teaching module. The quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ mathematical abilities, with the average score increasing from 58.33 (pretest) to 93.11 (posttest), and the statistical test confirming a significant difference (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the N-Gain analysis indicated an improvement of 83%, which falls into the very effective category based on Hake’s criteria. These findings conclude that the GeoGebra-assisted calculus teaching module is significantly effective in enhancing students’ mathematical abilities and learning outcomes, supporting the implementation of technology-enhanced learning in higher education to promote quality education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Devita, Deby Erdriani, Laila Marhayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impacts of Shipboard Training Program on the Competence of Cadets
Sea practice activities are carried out by cadets of the nautical and engineering study programs in order to improve knowledge and competence in the maritime field. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of mentors on cadet competencies, analyze the influence of environmental factors on cadet competencies and analyze the influence of learning motivation on cadet competencies. The method used in this study is quantitative. Respondents are cadets of PIP Semarang semester 7. The number of samples used is 104 people. The survey was conducted with a questionnaire via google form and using a Likert scale. The results of this study are mentors (ship crew, guardian lecturers, mentors) do not have a significant effect on cadet competencies, environmental factors do not have a significant effect on cadet competencies and cadet learning motivation has a significant effect on cadet competencies. So that the relationship between ship crew, mentors and guardian lecturers with cadets and environmental factors during sea practice can be further improved.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andy Wahyu Hermanto, M. Imroni Mubin, Nerru Pranuta Murnaka, M. Takbir Malliongi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Urgency of Developing Local Wisdom-Based E-Modules to Improve Literacy of Elementary School Students
21st century education demands a more adaptive, creative, and contextual learning approach, especially in improving student literacy. This study aims to examine the urgency of developing locality-based differentiated e-modules as an effort to improve elementary school student literacy. This research employed a quantitative descriptive method focused on exploring needs based on percentage values, supported by the actual learning conditions in elementary schools. Based on an analysis of the needs of students and teachers through questionnaires and interviews, it was found that students and teachers need learning media that are more interesting, relevant to the surrounding environment, and can be adjusted to individual learning styles and abilities. Differentiated e-modules based on local wisdom have the potential to meet these needs by providing a more personal and contextual learning experience. These findings indicate that the development of locality-based differentiated e-modules is very important in order to improve student literacy, enrich learning experiences, and prepare students to face increasingly complex educational challenges. Therefore, the development of technology-based learning media needs more attention in efforts to improve the quality of elementary education in Indonesia. The level of student needs is 76.4 which is included in the need category, and the level of teacher needs is 83.3 which is included in the very need category.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mian Anita, Syarifuddin, Mochamad Amri Santosa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Hotel Wastewater Treatment and Economic Benefits of Clean Water from STP-Based Wastewater Treatment Plants
Wastewater treatment is an important aspect in the hospitality industry, especially to maintain environmental sustainability and meet water quality regulations. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) installation at The Zuri Baturaja Hotel using the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) method. The analysis was carried out by monitoring the chemical parameters of wastewater quality, such as pH, COD, TSS, BOD, Ammonia, Oil and Fat, Total Coliform parameters. Wastewater sampling was carried out in accordance with the SNI 6989.57: 2008 standard to ensure that the treatment results meet the Environmental Quality Standards. This economic assessment of waste management is carried out to evaluate the cost and benefit aspects of waste management with the aim of increasing efficiency, reducing environmental impacts, and utilizing the economic potential of waste. This assessment includes various approaches, depending on the type of waste being managed. Economic assessment of waste is essential to ensure that waste management not only protects the environment but also provides financial benefits to companies and communities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Enda Kartika Sari, Elgha Nur, Setiatriarini Tirtaweningtias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AAS-Based Multi-Media Diagnostic Approach for Evaluating Heavy Metal Contamination in the Batang Ayumi River Within the Batu Bola Landfill Influence Zone
This study applies an integrated multi-media approach (river water–sediment–shallow groundwater) to assess heavy metal contamination (Pb, Cu, Cd, Fe, and Hg) along the Batang Ayumi River within the influence zone of the active Batu Bola landfill, a setting rarely evaluated in an integrated manner. Samples were collected from four stations (upstream control to downstream) and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Fe and Pb emerged as the most responsive indicators of landfill influence: Fe increased downstream and was reflected by accumulation in sediments, while Pb showed greater mobility in river water and nearby wells, suggesting transfer from surface transport to shallow groundwater. Cu peaked upstream, whereas Cd and Hg were relatively stable but detectable across media. Although concentrations remained below applicable standards, the spatial patterns indicate persistent environmental pressure that could intensify without improved controls. By integrating evidence across water, sediment, and groundwater, this study clarifies plausible heavy-metal migration pathways from landfill leachate—surface-water transport, sediment retention, and infiltration toward shallow aquifers—supporting targeted leachate management and long-term multi-media monitoring.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatma Suryani Harahap, Nurmaini Ginting, Heni Mulyani Pohan, Benny Sofyan Samosir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Persuasive Instagram Posts on Gen Z Mangrove Ecosystem Concern
Mangroves are a type of tree that play an important role in maintaining the balance of the coastal ecosystem. The decline in mangrove area and function due to urbanization pressures requires the active involvement of the younger generation in conservation efforts, particularly through digital media. Mangrove conservation activities necessitate the involvement and knowledge of Generation Z. Communication is an aspect that can impact knowledge of mangrove conservation. However, communication delivered in the form of visual images, audio, or graphics that explain the negative impacts makes people feel compelled to participate or vice versa. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of persuasion of positive and negative information posted on the Jakarta Mangrove Community's Instagram social media account on Generation Z's understanding of the mangrove forest ecosystem in Jakarta. The method employed is a quantitative survey with data collection procedures utilizing a questionnaire. An examination of survey data for Generation Z reveals a good association between the type of Instagram social media material and environmental awareness of the mangrove ecosystem. Whereas the substance of Instagram posts providing positively or negatively packaged critical information on mangrove forests and their environmental impact has a large overall influence on Generation Z's understanding of the need for mangrove forest ecosystems. Using Instagram as a social media platform to raise awareness among Generation Z communities about the efforts that can be made to conserve mangrove forest ecosystems is an effective technique.
Copyright (c) 2026 Paundra Hanutama, Thomas Stefanus Kaihatu, Timotius Febry Christian, Muh. Ilham Kholid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antimicrobial Potential of Ethanol Extract from Avocado Seeds (persea americana mill.) on The Healing of Socket Wounds from Tooth Extraction in Male Wistar Rat
Healing of tooth socket wounds after tooth extraction is a complex process involving phases of inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Avocado seeds (Persea Americana Mill.) are known to contain bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids, which have the ability to accelerate the wound healing process. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of avocado seed ethanol extract gel on changes in body weight, socket wound diameter, and socket depth after tooth extraction. This study used a laboratory experimental design with a post-test only control group design using male Wistar rats as test animals. The samples were divided into five groups, consisting of a negative control, a positive control (Gengigel), and treatment groups with avocado seed ethanol extract gel at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Body weight was measured from day 1 to day 14. The diameter and depth of the socket wound were also measured periodically. Data analysis used the Paired Samples T-Test, Welch ANOVA, and Dunnett T3 Posthoc test in accordance with the results of normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test and data homogeneity using the Levene test. Based on the results of the study, it was found that 10% ethanol extract gel from avocado seeds was most effective in maintaining the stability of the body weight parameters of the test animals, and 30% ethanol extract gel from avocado seeds was most effective in accelerating the reduction in wound diameter and depth, with results comparable to the gold standard (Gengigel). It can be concluded that ethanol extract gel from avocado seeds, especially at a concentration of 30%, is effective in accelerating the healing process of socket wounds after tooth extraction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Susanna Halim, Florenly, Rayvan Juan Gustian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improving Production Strategies through Monitoring Visual and Physicochemical Changes in Gambier Catechin-Based Shampoo Bars under Practical Storage Conditions
The development of eco-friendly cosmetics using local bioresources like Uncaria gambir Roxb. (gambir) holds strong promise for sustainable innovation. This study formulates and evaluates a catechin-based solid shampoo enriched with purified gambir extract, aiming to enhance product stability. A 14-day storage test was conducted at 20 °C and 40 °C using three types of packaging: translucent plastic, aluminum foil, and amber glass. Visual observations revealed that higher temperatures, especially in translucent plastic, accelerated color degradation due to catechin instability. Amber glass was the most effective in preserving the shampoo’s original color. Further, aqueous stability was assessed through two wet-use simulations: soaking (full immersion in distilled water) and dipping (partial immersion daily over four days). The shampoo maintained physical integrity during both tests, showing no softening or structural deformation. However, water discoloration increased over time, indicating catechin release and oxidation. The extent of browning was influenced by the pH of the water, suggesting that both environmental pH and oxidative exposure affect catechin behavior during use. These results demonstrate the solid shampoo’s physical resilience and moderate color stability under thermal and aqueous stress. While catechin oxidation is unavoidable, its rate can be mitigated through optimal packaging and pH management. The gambir-based solid shampoo shows potential as a natural, environmentally friendly personal care product, although further formulation refinement is needed to improve color retention during storage and use.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rhenia Valeni, Rini, Ridwan Rizkyanto, Adila Adisti, Najla Rosyadah, Diah Ayu Natasya, Tuty Anggraini, Dina Afifah Zakia, Iin Hartati Wibisono, Daimon Syukri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improving Students’ Reading Skills through Speed Reading Assisted by Audio-Visual Media
This study aimed to improve the reading skills of third-grade students at SD Negeri Sonosewu through the application of the Speed-Reading method assisted by audio-visual media. The research was conducted during the first semester of the 2025/2026 academic year using Classroom Action Research (CAR) implemented in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages, with 27 students as participants. Data were collected through reading skill tests and classroom observations and analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results showed that students' reading skills were initially low, with a pre-cycle average score of 52. After the implementation of the Speed-Reading method in Cycle I, the average score increased to 69, indicating sufficient improvement, although some students still experienced difficulties in understanding texts efficiently. Further improvements were applied in Cycle II, resulting in a significant increase in the average score to 85, which was categorized as very good and exceeded the success indicator of 75%. These findings indicate that the Speed Reading method assisted by audio-visual media is effective in improving the reading skills of third-grade students at SD Negeri Sonosewu.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elda Rintan Parwati, Rian Nurizka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Work Motivation on the Professionalism of Science Teachers in Elementary School Kutai Village
The study was conducted in an elementary school in Kutai Village. The population of the study was The population in this study were all elementary school science teachers in Kutai Village, totaling 111 teachers spread across 28 schools. Of the 111 teachers in the population, 53 were selected as samples using a random sampling technique with the Taro Yaname and Slovin formula with a precision of 10%. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire with a Likert scale. In addition, documentation techniques were used to obtain supporting data related to school conditions and teacher profiles. The research instrument used was a closed questionnaire that was first tested for validity and reliability. Validity testing was carried out to determine the extent to which the instrument was able to measure what should be measured, while reliability testing was carried out to determine the level of consistency of the research instrument. The collected data were analyzed using statistical analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate that the work motivation of elementary school teachers in Kutai Village has a low and insignificant relationship with their professional abilities (0.309). The contribution of teacher work motivation in rural areas is also insignificant, at 9.5%. In addition, teachers also experience obstacles in developing their professionalism. This study recommends that local governments provide stimulus and encouragement to teachers in rural areas to continue developing their professionalism. The implication is the need for a more comprehensive approach in efforts to improve the professionalism of science teachers in elementary schools in Kutai Village. Increasing teacher work motivation alone is not enough to produce optimal professionalism if it is not accompanied by structural and institutional support
Copyright (c) 2026 Rediyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Spatial-Based Assessment of Village Development Levels Using Regional Potential Indicators in IV Koto Aur Malintang, West Sumatra
Village-level development is an essential component of regional planning that emphasizes the sustainable utilization of local potentials. This study aims to assess the level of development across five Nagari in IV Koto Aur Malintang Subdistrict, Padang Pariaman Regency, based on regional potential indicators outlined in the Indonesian Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation No. 12 of 2007. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, the Research analyzes secondary data on natural resources, human resources, institutional capacity, infrastructure, and public facilities. Each indicator was scored according to the official village profiling guidelines to categorize the development potential of each Nagari. The results indicate that the highest natural resource potential lies in the plantation and livestock sectors, particularly in Nagari III Koto Aur Malintang Selatan and Nagari III Koto Aur Malintang Utara. Agricultural potential tends to fall within the moderate-to-low range in most Nagari. In terms of human resources, population density and livelihood diversity vary significantly, influencing disparities in development outcomes. Institutional strength and infrastructure availability also vary across Nagari, with some exhibiting limitations in transportation and health facilities. Overall, development potential is categorized into three groups: high potential (Nagari III Koto Aur Malintang Selatan and Nagari III Koto Aur Malintang Timur), medium potential (Nagari III Koto Aur Malintang Utara and Balai Baiak Malai III Koto), and low potential (Nagari III Koto Aur Malintang). The study highlights the importance of adopting a place-based development approach to reduce inter-Nagari disparities. These findings are expected to inform more contextual, targeted, and sustainable village development planning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wita Puspa Dewita, Yurni Suasti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Priority Programs for Rungan Watershed Management: A Comprehensive and Participatory Approach
The watershed has a strategic role in maintaining hydrological balance, ecosystem integrity, and community welfare. However, the Rungan watershed is under threat from deforestation and ecosystem damage, therefore a study is needed that considers all related aspects as the basis for making a management strategy for the Rungan watershed. This study aims to find out the priority problems faced by the Watershed Rungan and the aspects of its causes. Furthermore, this research also seeks to formulate priority solutions that can overcome the problems faced by the Rungan watershed. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, this study applies the Analytical Network Process (ANP) in formulating the priority strategy for the management of the Watershed. This study found that ecological problems are considered the main problem. Alternative solutions that have been successfully formulated include ecological restoration, economic recovery, and institutional strengthening and coordination between stakeholders. Zoning regulation is a priority for area management and is the main strategy for the management of the Rungan watershed by regulating various programs such as forest rehabilitation, ecotourism, and environmentally friendly land use. For these programs to be carried out in a synergistic manner, it is necessary to coordinate and synergize programs between relevant stakeholders.
Copyright (c) 2026 Endy, I Nyoman Sudyana, Herwin Sutrisno, Raden Mas Sukarna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Phytochemical Screening and Toxicity Testing of Red Turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) and White Turmeric (Curcuma mangga) Extracts in White Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
This study aimed to conduct phytochemical analysis and toxicity testing of Red Turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) and White Turmeric (Curcuma mangga) extracts in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study employs an experimental design conducted at the Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin laboratory. Phytochemical screening was undertaken to detect bioactive compounds utilizing spectrophotometry for quantitative analysis, with each compound evaluated in triplicate. The experimental subjects were male Wistar rats, divided into two treatment groups (300 mg/kgBW and 2000 mg/kgBW), with observations recorded at multiple intervals (30 minutes to 14 days) post-administration. Toxicity indicators included physical symptoms such as skin conditions, lethargy, and survival status. Data were analyzed descriptively, calculating the mean and standard deviation for phytochemical content and employing frequency tables to highlight clinical symptom patterns. Results showed that both types of turmeric contain these compounds, with White Turmeric having higher phenolic (23.41 mg/g) and flavonoid (17.21 mg/g) contents than Red Turmeric (21.72 mg/g and 15.50 mg/g, respectively). These findings indicate a higher antioxidant potential in White Turmeric. In the toxicity test, two doses (300 mg/kgBW and 2000 mg/kgBW) were tested through observations of physical conditions, including skin and fur, as well as clinical symptoms such as lethargy, seizures, tremors, diarrhea, and survival status.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita Kirana, Agus Rachmadi, Nurlailah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Synectics, Mind Mapping, Cooperative Learning (SM2CL) Models on Creative Thinking Skills and Understanding of Nutritional Concepts in Digestive System Material in Students
This study aims to determine the effect of the Synectics, Mind Mapping, Cooperative Learning (SM2CL) learning model on creative thinking skills and understanding of the concept of the human digestive system in class XI students of MAN 3 Bone. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study with a quantitative approach. The research design is a pretest-posttest control group design. The population in the study were all class XI students in the 2025/2026 academic year who were spread into 2 study groups. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling, namely saturation sampling. A total of 2 study groups were used in this study, namely, study group XI A5 as the experimental class applied the SM2CL model and study group XI A6 as the control class applied the Direct Instruction model. Based on the results of the Ancova test, the significance value of the creative thinking skills variable was 0.001 < 0.05 and the significance value of understanding learning concepts was 0.041 < 0.05, so it can be concluded that the application of the synectics, mind mapping, cooperative learning (SM2CL) learning model has a significant or real effect on creative thinking skills and understanding concepts in class XI students of MAN 3 Bone.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lisra Pratama, A. Mushawwir Taiyeb, Rachmawaty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Health Status of Seagrass Beds in Intertidal Zone of West Sekotong West Lombok
The coastal waters of West Sekotong possess significant potential in fisheries and marine resources. Seagrass is one of the key biotas contributing nutrients to support the fertility of surrounding waters. This study, conducted from May to July 2021 aimed to identify seagrass species and assess the health status of seagrass bed based on percentage cover and ecological indices. The research method used was purposive sampling with three research stations and systematic random sampling with transects. Based on the research that has been conducted, the following results were obtained seven seagrass species from two families. Hydrocharitaceae families (Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor) and Cymodoceaceae families (Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule pinifolia). The highest species density was H. pinifolia (119.47 ind/m²), with the highest important value index at station 1 (H. pinifolia 89%), station 2 (T. hemprichii 205%), and station 3 (E. acoroides 300%). Station 1 had the highest diversity and uninformity index, while station 3 was dominated by single species. Seagrass cover ranged from 31–48.33%, indicating unhealthy conditions, although environmental parameters remained within suitable ranges for seagrass growth.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anisa Nurfitriani, Dining Aidil Candri, Sri Puji Astuti, Hilman Ahyadi, Suripto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Banjarnese Corpus Generation Method Based on Contextual Synonym Substitution Using Identic.v1.0 Data
The preservation and revitalization of the Banjar language is urgently needed. The decreasing number of Banjar language speakers and linguistic experts due to aging factors, combined with the hegemony of dominant languages brought by migrants, has become a major challenge in the preservation and revitalization of the Banjar language. This study aims to generate method for generating a Banjar language corpus by increasing the accuracy of sentence translation without leaving the original sentence context. This study uses a translation method of paraphrase contextual synonym substitution. This study used parallel corpus data Identic.v1.0. This method was tested and compared with statistical machine translation methods using Meteor universal tools, statistic evaluation and by human judgment. The statistical evaluation results indicate that the proposed method yielded a significant improvement in translation performance compared to the statistical machine translation method. Translation accuracy increased from 48% with the statistical method to 81% with the proposed method, representing a performance improvement of 33 percentage points, or approximately 68.75% relative to the statistical method. Meanwhile, the naturalness test of translated sentences using meteor universal tools with 1000 random sentences data shows that the proposed method is better than the previous method. The results or final score of naturalness sentences using proposed method are 0.6, while the final score of translating results using the statistical machine translation method is 0.36. Finally, the sentences evaluated by human judgment involving 15 language observers. The evaluated results show that the translated sentences using the proposed method is 75.8% more better than the statistical machine translation method.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Muhammad, Novia Winda, Budi Jejen Zaenal Abidin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Using Dartboard Media on Critical Thinking Skills and Student Learning Outcomes in the Digestive System Topic
The development of critical thinking skills and improved learning outcomes are central goals of effective biology instruction. However, conventional learning media often fail to sufficiently stimulate higher-order thinking processes. This study examined the effect of dartboard-based learning media on students’ critical thinking skills and learning outcomes in the topic of the digestive system. A quantitative quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group structure was employed, involving two grade XI classes at SMA Negeri 8 Gowa assigned as experimental and control groups. Data were collected through validated critical thinking and achievement tests and analyzed using inferential statistics. The results indicated that students taught using dartboard learning media demonstrated significantly higher critical thinking skills and learning outcomes compared to those receiving conventional instruction (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that dartboard-based media effectively promotes active engagement, facilitates higher-order cognitive processes, and enhances academic performance in biology learning contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nailasari, Mushawwir Taiyeb, Hartono, Firdaus Daud, Alimuddin Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Validity of Animated Video-Based Learning Media Development Using Adobe After Effect Application in Grade IV Elementary School
This study aimed to develop Indonesian language learning media based on animated videos created with Adobe After Effects for fourth-grade elementary school students. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D development model. The research subjects consisted of media experts, material experts, linguists, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) participants. Data were collected through observation sheets, interview questionnaires, and validation instruments, and analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques. Validation results from experts indicated that the developed media was categorized as “very valid” in all aspects, including media (88.00), material (94.00), and language (90.00). The results of FGDs with teachers showed that the learning media was highly feasible for classroom use, with scores for content feasibility (91.60), language accuracy (92.00), presentation (85.60), and graphics (93.50), resulting in an overall average score of 90.69. The developed media meets key characteristics of effective learning media, as it is engaging, easy to operate, and supports meaningful learning processes. In conclusion, animated video-based learning media using Adobe After Effects is valid, feasible, and appropriate for use in Indonesian language learning at the elementary school level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Miranda, Taali, Irdamurni, Abdul Habib Arrasyidi Desky, Ganefri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reliable Assessment of Long-Term Land Use Change to Support Sustainable Watershed Management Using Multi-Sensor Landsat Imagery
Land use change analysis is widely applied in watershed studies, yet its reliability is often limited when multi-temporal classification accuracy is not systematically evaluated. This study aims to assess long-term land use change while emphasizing the accuracy and reliability of change detection in the Petung Watershed, East Java, Indonesia. Multi-temporal Landsat imagery from Landsat 7, 8, and 9 (2005–2024) was analyzed using a supervised classification approach implemented in ArcGIS. Classification accuracy was evaluated using a confusion matrix and the Kappa coefficient to ensure temporal consistency and methodological reliability. The results indicate a clear shift in land use patterns, characterized by a continuous decline in vegetation cover and a substantial expansion of agricultural and built-up areas. Classification reliability is supported by Kappa coefficient values ranging from 0.701 to 0.829, corresponding to substantial to almost perfect agreement, with the highest accuracy achieved in the later observation years. These findings demonstrate that the proposed supervised, GIS-based framework provides a reliable and replicable approach for accurately measuring long-term land use change at the watershed scale. While the methodology can be applied to other regions, the observed land use dynamics are specific to the Petung Watershed and reflect local environmental and anthropogenic conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nafisah Zahrani, Ery Suhartanto, Ussy Andawayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Ethnoscience-Integrated Interactive Flipbook E-Module to Enhance Junior High School Students’ Environmental Literacy in Support of Sustainable Development Goals
This study aimed to develop and evaluate an Ethnoscience-integrated interactive flipbook-based e-module on environmental pollution to improve junior high school students’ environmental literacy. The research employed a Research and Development approach using the ADDIE model, encompassing analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The subjects were seventh-grade students of a public junior high school in Padang, Indonesia. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, and environmental literacy tests. The results showed that the e-module achieved a very high validity level (0.87). Practicality testing indicated that teachers rated the e-module as very practical (88%), while students rated it as practical (79%). The lower student score was influenced by minor technical constraints, such as device limitations and internet access during implementation. Effectiveness testing was conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test, as normality and homogeneity assumptions were not fully met. The results revealed a significant difference in environmental literacy between the experimental and control groups (p < .001), with a higher mean rank in the experimental group. The improvement was further supported by a moderate effect size (d = 0.35). These findings indicate that the Ethnoscience-integrated interactive flipbook-based e-module is valid, practical, and effective in enhancing students’ environmental literacy and is suitable for contextual science learning aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aulia Azhar; Skunda Diliarosta, Fitri Arsih, Harmedi Yulian Saputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of a Levenberg–Marquardt-Based Backpropagation Neural Network for Rainfall Prediction Using a Single Weather Station
This study aims to develop an accurate monthly rainfall prediction model for Sabang City, Indonesia, to support agriculture, disaster mitigation, and water resource management in coastal regions with complex climatic conditions. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm was employed, combining the Gradient Descent and the Gauss–Newton methods to enhance convergence speed and training stability. Meteorological data from 2015–2024, including temperature, humidity, air pressure, sunshine duration, wind direction, wind speed, and rainfall, were obtained from the Maimun Saleh Meteorological Station. Model performance was assessed using Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and the coefficient of determination (R²). The optimal architecture consisted of a single hidden layer with 25 neurons, producing an MSE of 955.84 mm², an RMSE of 30.91 mm, an MAE of 23.06 mm, a MAPE of 34.8%, and an R² of 0.93. These results indicate that the ANN-LM model effectively captures nonlinear climatic relationships and seasonal rainfall variability. The MAPE value falls within the acceptable range reported in forecasting literature, demonstrating practical reliability. Overall, the ANN-LM approach outperformed conventional backpropagation in accuracy and training efficiency, indicating its suitability for rainfall prediction in coastal areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyu Sukmananda, Irwandi, Edwar Iswardy, Kadarsah, Yopi Ilhamsyah, Yuwaldi Away, Chakrit Chotamongsak, Dedy Ardana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identification and Diversity of Insects Associated with Tim-Tim Coffee (Coffea arabica x Coffea canephora) in Rusip Antara, Central Aceh, Indonesia
Coffee plantations support diverse insect communities that play key roles in pest regulation, pollination, and ecosystem stability. This study analyzed insect family composition, abundance, and community structure in the Tim-Tim (Typica) coffee plantation ecosystem in Rusip Antara Subdistrict, Central Aceh Regency, using different trapping methods. Sampling was conducted from May to September 2025 in one representative plantation block with three observation plots, each containing 25 coffee plants. Three types of traps were employed: light traps, yellow plate traps, and malaise traps. Insect community structure was analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H’), evenness index (E), and similarity index. A total of 2,659 individuals from 65 families were recorded, dominated by Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera. Light traps captured the highest number of individuals and exhibited the highest diversity (H’ = 2.34), reflecting the activity of nocturnal insects attracted to light. Yellow plate traps showed moderate diversity (H’ = 1.77) but the highest evenness (E = 0.80), indicating balanced diurnal insect communities. Malaise traps recorded lower diversity (H’ = 1.33) and evenness (E = 0.57), primarily capturing high-flying insects such as Diptera and Hymenoptera. Similarity analysis revealed moderate to low overlap among trap types, demonstrating that different traps capture complementary components of the community. These findings highlight the high insect diversity and ecological stability of the Tim-Tim coffee plantation and emphasize the importance of multiple trapping methods for understanding community structure and supporting natural biological control in sustainable coffee agroecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diah Fridayati; Marlina, Aidil Amar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cloning, expression and purification of a gene encoding CFP-10 and ESAT-6 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pET SUMO plasmids as Vaccine Candidates
The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine did not show consistent results in preventing tuberculosis, with an effectiveness ranging from 0% to 80%. More effective proteins are needed as vaccine candidates to eliminate tuberculosis. Culture filtrate proteins 10-kDa(CFP-10) and Excretory Antigen Target 6-kDa(ESAT-6) demonstrated very strong antigenicity against T and B cells. These proteins are secreted during the early phase of infection and could potentially be used for vaccine candidates. This study aims to clone and express the CFP-10 and ESAT-6 proteins on the pET SUMO Plasmid. PCR with specific primers was used to amplify the genes encoding CFP-10 and ESAT-6 proteins. The PCR products were cloned into pET SUMO plasmids for transformation into competent cells E.coli BL21(DE3). Recombinant protein expression was induced in LB medium using 1 mM IPTG. The yield of recombinant proteins was visualized by SDS-PAGE and western blotting using an Anti-HisTaq Antibody. PCR results showed the target gene sizes to be 304 bp (CFP-10) and 291 bp (ESAT-6). SDS-PAGE and Western blotting revealed proteins at 22kDa (CFP-10) and 18kDa (ESAT-6). The genes encoding the CFP-10 and ESAT-6 proteins of M. tuberculosis have been successfully cloned into the pET SUMO plasmid and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) with molecular weights corresponding to the target genes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fihiruddin, Nurul Inayati, Lalu Srigede, Siti Zaetun, Lalu Unsunnhidal, Muhammad Nazil Shaleh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of Augmented Reality-Based Simulation Media for Fiber Optic Splicing in Vocational Network Technology Education
This study aimed to develop and evaluate an Augmented Reality (AR)-based simulation media for teaching fiber optic splicing in vocational network technology education. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), the product was validated by experts and tested for practicality and effectiveness through a one-group pretest–posttest design. The media obtained high validity scores (Aiken’s V = 0.85 for media and 0.97 for material), was categorized as very practical by teachers (98.31%) and students (89.52%) and showed significant improvement in learning outcomes (N-gain = 0.7115; p < 0.05). Unlike previous AR studies that mainly focus on conceptual science learning, this research integrates procedural vocational skills simulation with mobile-based AR to address limited access to expensive splicing equipment. The findings indicate that AR-based simulation can effectively enhance students’ procedural understanding and support technology-integrated vocational pedagogy
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Saputri, Ta’ali, Giatman, Yeka Hendriyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinants of Blood Pressure Stability in Hypertensive Patients on Quality of Life
Hypertension is a global health problem with an increasing prevalence that impacts the quality of life of patients. This study aims to analyze the determinants of blood pressure stability and quality of life in hypertensive patients through a comprehensive multivariate approach. A cross-sectional design with a quantitative analytical approach was applied to 251 hypertensive patients undergoing routine treatment at primary health care facilities. Data collection used a validated standardized questionnaire to measure medication adherence, diet, physical activity, psychological stress levels, family social support, blood pressure stability, and quality of life. Data analysis included Chi-Square tests, Spearman's correlation, multiple linear regression, and multinomial logistic regression. The results showed that all independent variables had a significant relationship with blood pressure stability and quality of life. Diet showed the strongest correlation with blood pressure stability, while physical activity was the dominant predictor of blood pressure stability and quality of life. The regression model produced a coefficient of determination of 87.9% for blood pressure stability and 83.3% for quality of life, with classification accuracy reaching 95.2% and 96.4%, respectively. The findings indicate the importance of holistic interventions that integrate lifestyle modification, stress management, and strengthening social support in optimizing hypertension management to improve blood pressure stability and quality of life in patients
Copyright (c) 2026 Dedi Maidiarto, Saimi, Sismulyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of E-Modules Based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) on the Circulatory System Material for Grade XI Senior High School to Improve Critical and Collaborative Thinking Skills
21st century education demands students to have critical thinking and collaboration skills. However, observations in class XI of SMAN 2 Sungai Penuh revealed low levels of these skills due to the lack of relevant learning media. Therefore, PBL-based E-modules are needed. This study aims to produce a valid, practical, and effective PBL-based E-module on the circulatory system material. This research employed Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model, combined with a Quasi-Experimental Design (Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design) for effectiveness testing. The research subjects were 72 eleventh-grade students of SMAN 2 Sungai Penuh, divided into an experimental class (n = 36) and a control class (n = 36), selected through cluster random sampling. Instruments included validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, critical thinking tests, and collaboration observation sheets. Data analysis used descriptive statistics for validity and practicality, while effectiveness was analyzed using N-Gain scores and Independent Sample T-Test with SPSS 26 at α=0.05. Results showed validity of 95.49% (very valid), teacher practicality of 100% and student practicality of 92.89% (very practical). Effectiveness analysis revealed significant differences between groups (t= 4.523, p < 0.001) with experimental class N-Gain of 0.72 (high) compared to control class N-Gain of 0.45 (medium). Thus, the PBL-based E-module is valid, practical, and effective in improving students' critical thinking and collaboration skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Megawati, Fitri Arsih, Lufri, Elsa Yunuarti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Deep Learning into STEM-Based E-Modules: Advancing Quality Education (SDG 4) in Junior High School Science
The rapid evolution of digital technology in the 21st century necessitates innovative teaching materials that foster deep conceptual understanding. This study aims to develop and evaluate a STEM-based electronic module (e-module) integrated with a deep learning approach for Grade IX junior high school science, specifically focusing on static and dynamic electricity. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), the e-module was designed to incorporate interactive multimedia, STEM-based activities, and deep learning principles—emphasizing understanding, application, and reflection. Results from expert validation (media, material, and language) yielded an average score of 90.73%, indicating very high validity. Practicality testing involving students and teachers resulted in an average score of 91.82%, categorizing the module as very practical. Furthermore, the effectiveness test showed a significant improvement in student learning outcomes, with the average score rising from 62.50 to 85.63 and an N-Gain value of 0.62 (medium category). These findings demonstrate that the STEM-based e-module with a deep learning approach is a valid, practical, and effective tool for enhancing students' conceptual mastery in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Kartina, Rayendra, Zelhendri Zen, Abna Hidayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing Interactive Multimedia for Informatics Learning to Support Quality Education (SDG 4)
The rapid development of digital technology requires learning approaches that integrate interactive media to enhance student engagement and conceptual understanding. However, Informatics learning in many senior high schools is still dominated by teacher-centered instruction, which limits students’ opportunities to explore concepts actively. Therefore, innovative digital learning media are needed to support more interactive and student-centered learning environments. This study aims to develop and evaluate interactive multimedia for learning basic computer operations and software functions in Grade 10 Informatics. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Instructional Development Institute (IDI) model, which applies a systematic instructional design through three stages: define, develop, and evaluate. The study involved 30 tenth-grade students and two Informatics teachers at SMA Negeri 2 Bukittinggi, Indonesia. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The results show that the multimedia achieved very high validity (4.62) and excellent practicality (90.6%). The effectiveness test produced an N-gain score of 0.60, indicating a moderate level of effectiveness. These findings suggest that the multimedia is valid, practical, and moderately effective for supporting digital learning aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education).
Copyright (c) 2026 Vera Irma Delianti, Winda Agustiarmi, Ganefri, Asmar Yulastri, Elfizon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Essential Nutrient Deficiency on the Growth and Yield of Four Hydroponic Vegetable Crops Using a Split-Plot Design in Hydroponic Systems (Applied Plant Physiology Study)
Essential nutrients play critical roles in plant physiology; therefore, nutrient imbalance in hydroponics can rapidly reduce growth and yield. This study evaluated the effects of N, P, and K deficiencies on four hydroponic vegetable crops using a split-plot design to support nutrient-deficiency diagnosis and practical nutrient management. This study used a split-plot design, with four nutrient types as main plots: N0 (balanced N, P, K), N1 (nitrogen deficiency), N2 (phosphorus deficiency), and N3 (potassium deficiency). The second factor consisted of four types of vegetable crops as subplots: S1 (Pakcoy), S2 (Caisim mustard), S3 (Green Romaine), and S4 (Kangkung), resulting in 16 treatment combinations, each repeated four times, for a total of 64 experimental units. The results indicate that deficiencies in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) significantly affect growth and yield in hydroponic systems. Across crops, N deficiency most consistently reduced vegetative growth and fresh weight, P deficiency primarily constrained root-related traits and leaf expansion, and K deficiency affected yield-related performance and quality attributes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abd. Hadid, Rois, Abdul Rahman, Chitra Angriani Salingkat, Jusriadi, Mustakim, Mustamin, Made Aditiya Dharma, Ni Ketut Dewi Kusuma Arsani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Innovation in Acid-Base Learning (PasamBa) through Ecoprint Batik as a Contextual Strategy to Improve Understanding of Fashion Design Students in SMK
This study aims to test the effectiveness of PAsamBa (Acid-Base Learning) learning innovation integrated with ecoprint batik practice in improving conceptual understanding and vocational skills of eleventh-grade students in the Fashion Design expertise program at Vocational High Schools (SMK). The acid-base concept has direct relevance to textile skill processes such as mordanting, color fixation, and pH stability of natural dyes, which are important in sustainable fabric dyeing. The study used a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 73 students from three vocational high schools in Aceh. The instruments included a 20-item acid-base concept understanding test (α = 0.86) and a vocational skills rubric that assessed procedural accuracy, color stability, and ecoprint pattern quality. The results showed a significant increase (t( 72) = 12.86; p < 0.001), with the average score increasing from 43.69 to 80.53 and an N-gain value of 0.67 (medium-high category, approaching high). Students' vocational skills also improved, with an average process score of 3.49 and a product score of 3.41 (scale 4). These results demonstrate that the PAsamBa–Ecoprint approach effectively integrates chemistry learning with contextual textile practices to strengthen students' conceptual understanding and readiness for the creative fashion industry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Meriza Faradilla, Miswatul Hasanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Acute Toxicity Nanoemultion of Ethanol Extract of Clove Leaves (Syzygium aromaticum L.)
Clove leaves have been widely used as traditional medicine. Clove leaves are rich in saponins, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and essential oils. To improve the function of clove leaves, one of them is by reducing the sample size into nanoemulsion form. Nanoemulsions were prepared using the sonication method and exhibited an average droplet size of 13.3 nm. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic properties, the dose that can cause toxic effects, and the LD50 value of nanoemulsion administration of ethanol extract of clove leaves. This study used 25 male white rats which were divided into five groups, namely a control group (nanoemulsion base) and four treatment groups receiving oral doses of 5, 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg BW. The LD50 value was calculated using AOT425 StatPgm in accordance with OECD TG 425 (Up and Down Procedure). Mortality summary: control 0/5; 5 mg/kg BW 0/5; 50 mg/kg BW 0/5; 300 mg/kg BW 0/5; 2000 mg/kg BW 5/5. The results showed an LD50 of 798.5 mg/kg BW and, based on the GHS, it falls under Acute Toxicity (Oral) Category 4 (300–2000 mg/kg BW). Clinical signs such as piloerection, grooming, and weakness appeared mainly in the early observation phase (from 30 minutes to 4/8/12 hours) in each dose group and were reversible.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muthmainah Tuldjanah, Putri Natalia Laurenza Ladjeba, Rezky Yanuarty, Ayu Wuladari, Joni Tandi, Muaadzatul Izzah Sudarman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of “Hydro Pure Pro (HPP)” Water Filter Technology to Reduce Iron (Fe) and TDS Levels in Drilled Well Water
High levels of iron (Fe) and total dissolved solids (TDS) in well water remain a major groundwater quality problem in Indonesia. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a Hydro Pure Pro (HPP) water filtration system based on a multi-stage aeration–filtration process to reduce Fe and TDS concentrations. The HPP system combines activated carbon, zeolite, silica sand, mountain sand, and a reverse osmosis (RO) unit as final treatment, with a focus on assessing the effects of activated carbon raw materials (coconut shell and wood) and carbon bed thickness on adsorption performance. The results showed that coconut shell activated carbon exhibited superior performance, reducing Fe from 0.606 mg/L to 0.135 mg/L (77.72%) and TDS from 540 mg/L to 390 mg/L (27.8%) at a thickness of 20 cm. Increasing the carbon thickness to 30 cm improved removal efficiency to 79.9% for Fe and 28.7% for TDS, after which performance tended to stabilize. This improvement is attributed to the higher specific surface area and well-developed microporous structure of coconut shell activated carbon, which enhances Fe²⁺ adsorption through ion exchange and surface functional group interactions. In conclusion, the HPP system demonstrates high effectiveness and economic feasibility, making it a promising filtration technology for improving the quality of borehole water in community settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Husnul Hatimah, Dahlia Rosma Indah, Nurwahidah, Muhammad Fauzi Zulkarnaen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ethnoscience Based Durian Acid Product Development for Sustainable Chemistry Education: A Project Based Study on Prospective Chemistry Teachers’ Creativity
This study aims to examine how an ethnoscience-based durian acid product-development project functions as a PCK-driven creative learning environment for prospective chemistry teachers and to analyze creativity across elaboration, originality, problem solving, and synthesis. A Classroom Action Research (CAR) design with an embedded mixed-methods approach was employed involving 68 fifth-semester pre-service chemistry teachers at the University of Riau. The intervention integrated Project-Based Learning (PjBL) stages—orientation, planning, implementation, and evaluation—within Plan–Act–Observe–Reflect cycles. Data were collected using creativity questionnaires, classroom observations, and interviews, and triangulated to validate findings. Results showed high agreement (74–93%) across creativity dimensions during orientation–implementation, supported by observed evidence of detailed planning, novel product ideas, and iterative troubleshooting. However, more neutral responses emerged during evaluation, indicating difficulties in evidence-based reflection and conceptual integration. The core chemistry concepts addressed included fermentation chemistry, pH interpretation, solution dilution, and acid strength comparisons. Triangulation was generally convergent, with partial divergence in originality during evaluation due to discrepancies between self-perceived novelty and observed pedagogical innovation. These findings suggest that ethnoscience-enriched PjBL effectively promotes creative PCK development, but requires structured scaffolding to strengthen data-driven justification and synthesis during reflective evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Erna, Siti Nazhifah, Sri Haryati, Putri Adita Wulandari, Muhammad Imam Rahmatullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Chemical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Pineapple Jam Production with Varying Sugar and Pectin Concentrations as Mochi Filling
Pineapple is a key agricultural commodity in Subang Regency. One method of food diversification is transforming pineapple into pineapple jam. Mochi, a food product, can be filled with this pineapple jam. The chemical characteristics and consumer acceptance of pineapple mochi are influenced by the proper ingridients formulation. This study aims to determine the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of pineapple jam as mochi filling. The research design used in this study was a two-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with the factors being sugar concentration (30%, 40%, and 50%) and pectin concentration (without pectin, 0.015%, and 0.03%). The parameters tested included chemical analysis (water content, total acidity, total soluble solids, and Vitamin C content) and organoleptic evaluation (hedonic test for color, taste, texture, and aroma). The results showed that sugar and pectin treatment had a significant effect on water content G3 21.16b%, total acidity G1 1.90b%, and total soluble solids G3 77.26b%, but did not significantly affect Vitamin C content in the jam 2.20-7.33 m/100 g. Pectin treatment had a significant effect on water content P2 23,27a%, Vitamin C P3 7.09b%, total acidity P3 2.17c%, and total soluble solids P2 76.44b%. There was no interaction between the sugar and pectin treatments on the pineapple mochi jam. The hedonic test indicated that panelists generally liked the pineapple jam filling for mochi in terms of taste, aroma, color, and texture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wiwik Endah Rahayu, Nurul Mukminah, Fenny Aprilliani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing E-Modules Based of SSI the Theme of Biodiversity to Enhance Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Abilities
Critical thinking skills are one of the important skills to be applied in science learning. Critical thinking skills refer to students abilities to analyze complex issues, investigate questions that lack clear answers, evaluate various perspectives from information sources, and draw accurate conclusions. Several previous studies have shown that students' critical thinking skills in Indonesia are still relatively low and need to be improved. One approach is to use e-modules based SSI (socio scientific issues on the topic of biodiversity. E-modules are electronic teaching materials containing learning materials that students can use independently. Socio-scientific issues are social problems related to science. Biodiversity is one of the topics taught in junior high school science. E-modules based SSI on the theme biodiversity is an electronic module that presents social science issues related to the theme of biodiversity which is able to train students' critical thinking skills. This study aims are (1) to determine eligibility of e-modules based SSI on the topic biodiversity for improving the students critical thinking skills and to determine; (2) to determine the level of practicality of the e-modules based SSI on the topic biodiversity for improving the students critical thinking skills; and (3) to determine the effectiveness of e-modules based SSI on the topic biodiversity for improving the students critical thinking skills. The research employed a development method using the ADDIE development model are Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The developed e-modules has been validated by experts and field testing in junior high school students in Magelang city. Based on the validator's assessment, the total score from four validator was 15.71 with an average score of 3.92, indicating that the developed e-module based SSI is good and suitable for use in science learning. Then, from the results of the student response questionnaire, the overall average score for the material, language, presentation, and graphics aspects was 4.133 with a good category, so that e-module based SSI is suitable for use in science learning. Based on the result of the paired sample t-test with a Sig. 0.000 < 0.05 and an N-gain value of 0.34, categorized as currently, so that the e-module is effective in improving critical thinking skills. The conclusion of this study is that the developing e-module is suitable, deemed practical, effective for use science learning in junior high school.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nuryunita Dewantari, Zuida Ratih Hendrastuti, Laura Ardiyani Rohmah Cahyani, Nurul Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Empowering 21st-Century Learners: Enhancing Digital Literacy Through E-Literate Integration in Science Education
Digital literacy is a critical 21st-century competency that must be integrated into science education to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education). This study evaluates the effectiveness of the E-Literateapplication in enhancing students' digital literacy within the specific context of vibration and wave topics. Using a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design, this research involved 60 grade VIII students divided into experimental and control groups. The research instrument utilized a performance-based digital literacy test (comprising case studies on information access, evaluation, processing, and digital ethics) to measure actual proficiency rather than mere self-perception. Data were analyzed using normalized gain (N-Gain), independent t-test, and Cohen’s effect size. The results indicated a significant difference in digital literacy improvement between the two groups (p < 0.05). The experimental group, which utilized the E-Literate app to simulate wave phenomena and verify digital information, achieved a very large effect size (d = 4.63). These findings demonstrate that the E-Literate application is not only an effective medium for mastering abstract science concepts like vibrations but also a powerful tool for bridging the digital skills gap in secondary education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rayendra, Jodi Hardika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Understanding Sustainability Through Socio-Ecological Trade-Offs: Field Evidence of Traditional Oil Mining and Groundwater Quality Toward the SDGs
This study explores human-nature relationships through a socio-ecological perspective, focusing on traditional oil mining in Wonocolo, Indonesia, widely known as “Little Texas”. The analysis was conducted through field observations, in-depth interviews with 40 local stakeholders, and laboratory analysis of 40 groundwater samples collected from community dug wells. Results show residents rely on dug wells, piped-water, and artesian springs, with significant seasonal scarcity. Water quality assessment indicates that most physical parameters remain within acceptable limits (pH 6.40–8.00; electrical conductivity 0.43–2.26 mS/cm; temperature 22.00–31.00 °C). However, localized elevations in electrical conductivity at several sampling points suggest potential hydrochemical alterations in the shallow aquifer that may be associated with traditional oil extraction activities, particularly in a karst-dominated landscape. Although direct measurements of TPH and Oil & Grease were not available for a comprehensive ecotoxicological assessment, these findings highlight a critical socio-ecological trade-off in which short-term economic benefits from oil production may increasingly pressure long-term groundwater security. The study concludes that managing these interdependencies requires participatory governance and waste-stream regulation tailored to the karst landscape. Integrated policies are essential to ensure that economic benefits do not undermine the community's fundamental access to clean water, aligning with SDG 6 and SDG 12.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ifan Deffinika, Alfi Sahrina, Dicky Arinta; Inanditya Widayana Putri; Adelisa Rizki Zaharani, Novi Silvia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Basic Logic Gate Practicum Module to Support Quality Engineering Education in Digital Electronics
Meaningful learning in digital electronics requires hands-on practicum activities to support students’ understanding of abstract logic concepts. However, limited access to appropriate practicum media often hinders effective learning experiences. This study aims to develop and validate a physical Basic Logic Gate practicum module designed to support hands-on learning in digital electronics courses. The study employed a Research and Development approach using the 4D model, completing the Define, Design, and Develop stages up to expert validation and student practicality testing. The developed module consists of a hardware-based logic gate kit that enables students to assemble and test basic logic gate circuits directly during practicum sessions. Content and media validation were conducted by a material expert and a media expert using a Likert-scale instrument, while practicality testing involved 28 undergraduate students. The validation results indicated high validity, with scores of 96.19% from the material expert and 97.14% from the media expert. Practicality testing yielded an average score of 98.57%, indicating that the module is highly practical in terms of usability, functionality, and suitability for practicum implementation. These findings demonstrate that the developed Basic Logic Gate practicum module meets quality standards for instructional media and is feasible for use in digital electronics practicum learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sartika Anori, Syerlie Annisa, Ryan Fikri, Ganefri, Asmar Yulastri, Efrizon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Water Content and Specific Gravity of Pulai (Alstonia scholaris) Coppice Wood: Potential Utilization
The study aims to determine the water content and specific gravity and analyze both on the potential utilization of pulai coppice wood. The study was conducted at the Forest Products Technology Laboratory, Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Palangkaraya University. Pulai coppice wood material was taken around the Palangka Raya University Campus, tree diameter 34cm, branch-free height 7m. Using a 2-factor factorial Randomized Block Design with 3 levels, the first factor is the axial direction, namely the base, middle and tip. The second factor is the radial direction, namely near the heart, between the heart and the bark and near the bark. The parameters observed were green water content, air-dry water content, green specific gravity, air-dry specific gravity and oven-dry specific gravity. The results showed an average value of green water content of 84.75%, air-dry water content of 18%, green specific gravity of 0.29%, air-dry specific gravity of 0.30% and oven-dry specific gravity of 0.31%. All parameter values ​​​​resulted from the research on pulai coppice wood were lower than the values ​​​​of the main stem pulai coppice wood from previous studies. In the axial direction, all parameter values ​​show an increasing pattern from base to tip, except for the wind-dry moisture content, which shows the opposite pattern. In the radial direction, the values ​​tend to be uniform, except for the green specific gravity, which decreases from the outside (near the bark) to the inside (near the heart). The results of the analysis of variance indicate that all parameters influence the axial direction, while only the green specific gravity influences the radial direction. This indicates that the axial factor dominates the physical properties of pulai coppice wood. The interaction factors that influence this are green water content and oven-dry specific gravity. Based on the specific gravity and wind-dry moisture content values, pulai coppice wood is lightweight and adapts quickly to its environment, thus quickly achieving dimensional stability. This pulai coppice wood is suitable for light construction and interior use.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lies Indrayanti , Yanarita, Desy Natalia Koroh, Grace Siska, Herwin Joni, Mahdi Santosa, Yan Ciluk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Adaptive Outcome-Based Education Learning Model Integrating Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka in Post-Disaster Higher Education
This objective of study is adaptive Outcome-Based Education (OBE) model integrated with the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) policy to address learning needs in post-disaster areas of West Sumatra. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Participants included lecturers, Culinary Education students, and MBKM partners involved in humanitarian projects. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and Course Learning Outcome (CLO) assessments. The results indicate that experts rated the model as highly feasible with a validity score of 88.67%. Adaptation is specifically achieved through a flexible hybrid curriculum and direct student involvement in community economic recovery via culinary-based humanitarian projects. Model effectiveness was confirmed by a significant increase in average CLO achievement from 71.74 to 87.72%, with a moderate N-gain of 0.56 (p< 0.05). This study concludes that the adaptive OBE-MBKM model serves as an effective instructional innovation for post-disaster higher education. It successfully aligns academic competencies with community-based disaster resilience, providing a strategic framework for culinary education to contribute directly to regional recovery and social responsiveness. This model offers a replicable approach for higher education institutions operating in disaster-prone regions to maintain academic quality while fostering social impact.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wiwik Gusnita, Titen Darlis Santi, Ade Irferamuna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Objective and Existential Lecturer Authenticity as Drivers of Student Engagement and Learning Performance in Tourism and Hospitality Programmes
This study examines how lecturers’ authenticity—operationalised through objective authenticity (a lecturer’s adherence to transparent course standards and consistent professional conduct) and existential authenticity (the warmth, sincerity, and meaningfulness students perceive in the learning experience)—shapes student engagement and perceived learning performance in tourism and hospitality programmes. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory, a quantitative survey was administered to 196 undergraduate students across West Sumatra, Indonesia (August–October 2025), and the proposed model was tested via partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) using a two-stage higher-order construct approach. Results indicate that existential authenticity exerted a stronger positive effect on student engagement (β = 0.34, p < 0.001) than objective authenticity (β = 0.17, p = 0.048). St udent engagement predicted perceived learning performance (β = 0.39, p < 0.001). The model explained 26% of variance in engagement (R² = 0.26) and 15% in perceived learning performance (R² = 0.15). Student engagement fully mediated the relationship between objective authenticity and perceived learning performance, and partially mediated the relationship between existential authenticity and perceived learning performance. Findings underscore the value of meaning-centred, sincere teaching practices for building durable student engagement and enhancing perceived learning outcomes in practice-oriented hospitality programmes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hijriantomi Suyuthie, Rian Surenda, Rahmi Fadilah, Siti Fatma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship Between Duolingo Usage Intensity as Reinforcement and Vocabulary Mastery and Learning Motivation of Junior High School Students
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Duolingo as a reinforcement activity and analyze the relationship between objective and subjective usage intensity, vocabulary mastery, and learning motivation. Utilizing a quantitative approach with a correlational design, data was collected from 21 Junior High School students selected via purposive sampling. The instruments included digital logs from Duolingo for Schools, pretest-posttest vocabulary assessments, and questionnaires, which were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Spearman Rank Correlation. The results demonstrated a significant increase in vocabulary mastery, achieving a medium N-Gain of 0.29, alongside high, predominantly intrinsic learning motivation with a mean score of 3.48. However, the discussion reveals a distinct "intention-behavior gap," showing a discrepancy between students' perceived subjective intensity and their actual objective usage logs. Furthermore, statistical analysis indicated no significant linear correlation between the duration of use and the improvements in vocabulary or motivation. In conclusion, while Duolingo serves as an effective structured reinforcement tool to enhance engagement and foundational vocabulary, the duration of app usage alone does not determine success, thereby highlighting an "illusion of productivity" within self-directed mobile learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadly Uzzaki, Zuwirna, Jasrial, Rahmi Pratiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Analysis of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) Implementation on Hybrid Maize Production and Farmers’ Income (Zea mays L.)
Hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the strategic commodities in Indonesia that plays an important role in supporting national food security and farmers’ income. One of the technologies introduced to improve maize productivity is Integrated Crop Management (ICM), which integrates several agronomic practices such as the use of improved varieties, optimal plant population, balanced fertilization, and integrated pest management. However, the level of ICM adoption among farmers is still varied, which may affect production performance and farm income. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology and to compare the production and income of hybrid maize farmers who implement ICM technology and those who do not. The research used a quantitative survey approach involving hybrid maize farmers as respondents. Data was collected through field observations, interviews, and farm records. The results showed that the implementation of ICM technology significantly improved hybrid maize production and farmers’ income. Farmers implementing ICM technology achieved an average income of IDR 6,247,824 per hectare per planting season, while farmers applying non-ICM practices earned IDR 2,475,494 per hectare per planting season. The higher income was mainly driven by better crop management practices, including optimal plant population, balanced fertilization, and integrated pest management. These findings indicate that Integrated Crop Management technology contributes to improving production efficiency and farm profitability. Therefore, strengthening the dissemination and adoption of ICM technology is important to enhance the sustainability of hybrid maize farming systems
Copyright (c) 2026 Dinar, Ida Marina, Milla Syamsiah, Sri Umyati, Dety Sukmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Technology Acceptance of LMS Pintar Among Madrasah Tsanawiyah Teachers in Padang City: A Full Technology Acceptance Model Approach to Supporting SDG 4 (Quality Education)
This study aims to analyze the acceptance of the LMS Pintar Kemenag online training platform among public and private Madrasah Tsanawiyah teachers in Padang City using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A quantitative survey was conducted involving 285 teachers, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SEMPLS. The results indicate high mean scores across all TAM constructs Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Attitude Toward Using, and Behavioral Intention to Use showing a strong level of technology acceptance. Teachers consider the platform easy to operate and beneficial for professional development; consequently, they develop favorable attitudes and a sustained intention to use it for training and learning activities. These findings reinforce the relationship between perceived ease, perceived usefulness, and behavioral intention as proposed in TAM, while also highlighting the strategic role of digital platforms in supporting teacher competency development within religious education institutions. In conclusion, LMS Pintar Kemenag has been positively accepted by teachers, and its continued improvement is essential to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of online professional training programs
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadya Faranda, Rayendra, Ulfia Rahmi, Septriyan Anugrah, Indra Saputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Preventing Brain Rot: Learning Using Youtube Video Media in Testing Students' Analytical Abilities
The phenomenon of brain rot, or the decline in analytical thinking skills due to passive consumption of digital content, is a new challenge in modern education. This study aims to test whether YouTube video-based learning improves students' analytical skills compared to conventional learning. The term "brain rot" has garnered widespread attention and has been discussed in both popular and academic literature recently; several articles and reviews have suggested a link between consuming short/shallow content and decreased concentration, cognitive overload, or reduced deep thinking. social media has positive impacts, such as a means for socializing, self-expression, seeking entertainment, obtaining information, building networks, and supporting the educational process, its negative side is also real. The research method used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The study, conducted before and after the use of image learning media, significantly improved students' analytical skills. The results of the analysis of the analytical thinking skills test revealed changes in learning, indicating an increase. This means that the average sample remained in a normal brain state and did not experience a decline or brain decay in their analytical skills. The conclusion of this study is that targeted learning using YouTube videos can prevent brain rot by improving students' analytical skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deni Nasir Ahmad, Giry Marhento, Zakiah Fithah A’ini, Aulia Masruroh, Nurma Tambunan, Luluk Setyowati, Arum Sanjayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Empirical Rainfall Estimation Model Using Himawari-8 Infrared Satellite Data in the Lombok River Basin
Flooding is a recurrent hydrometeorological hazard that occurs when rainfall intensity exceeds river channel capacity within a watershed. In the Lombok River Basin, limited rain-gauge density hampers the detection of localized high-intensity rainfall that can trigger flood events. This study develops a satellite-based rainfall estimation model using Himawari-8 infrared Cloud Top Temperature (CTT) integrated with surface atmospheric parameters, including relative humidity (RH), zonal and meridional wind components (u and v), and surface air pressure (P). Hourly rainfall observations from 15 rain gauges were used for site-specific calibration during two major flood events (6 December 2021 and 17 June 2022). A local nonlinear exponential regression model was fitted for each station using the Non-Linear Least Squares (NLLS) method, and model performance was evaluated using R², Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), RMSE, and RSR. Results indicate that thermodynamic predictors, particularly CTT and RH, provide the strongest empirical relationships with rainfall variability, while wind components contribute weaker at the statistical level. Overall performance varied spatially across stations, reflecting local terrain and microclimate effects. The proposed framework supports improved rainfall characterization in tropical island basins and can be adapted to other regions with appropriate local calibration.
Copyright (c) 2026 Achmad Rivani, Ery Setiawan, Atas Pracoyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cowpea–Plantain Composite Flour: An Educational Approach to Dietary Intervention for Blood Pressure Management
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and remains highly prevalent in Indonesia, particularly in South Kalimantan. This study aims to formulate a cowpea–plantain composite flour as a functional food with synergistic potential for blood pressure regulation. Composite flours were produced by processing raw materials through drying, milling, and sieving into formulations ranging from 10:90 to 90:10. Sensory attributes, including color, aroma, texture, and taste, were evaluated by 30 panelists, and the best formulation was determined using the De Garmo effectiveness index. Proximate composition, mineral content (potassium and sodium), and amino acid profiles were analyzed in an accredited laboratory. Sensory evaluation revealed that higher proportions of cowpea decreased taste acceptability, whereas plantain improved organoleptic characteristics. The optimal formulation was identified as KTPR8020 (80% cowpea : 20% plantain), which achieved a balanced profile of texture, aroma, and taste. Nutritional analysis indicated that cowpea increased protein (17.50%) and fat (1.56%) contents, while plantain contributed mainly to carbohydrates. The KTPR8020 formulation contained 5.98 mg/100 g potassium with a K/Na ratio of 7.1, supporting potassium-induced natriuresis. Amino acid profiling showed dominance of lysine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, and arginine, which are known precursors of bioactive peptides with ACE-inhibitory activity
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulfiana Dewi, Sajiman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Nutritional Education Through the Development of Toddler Biscuits: A Focus on Mung Bean Flour and Patin Fish Paste as Effective Nutritional Interventions Against Malnutrition
This study aims to formulate toddler biscuits from mung bean flour and patin fish paste and to analyze their sensory quality, proximate content, amino acid profile, and fatty acid profile. Biscuits were prepared with varying ratios of mung bean flour and patin fish paste (10:90 to 90:10). Sensory quality tests were conducted using a hedonic scale scoring method with 30 trained panelists. The best formulation was selected using the De-Garmo test. Proximate analysis, amino acid profile, and fatty acid profile were performed on the best formulation and compared with standard toddler PMT biscuits. The KHIP5050 formulation (50% mung bean flour: 50% patin fish paste) was determined to be the best treatment based on the highest total De-Garmo score (3.33). Nutritionally, KHIP5050 biscuits had higher energy (479.45 kcal), protein (16.81%), and fat (27.77%) compared to standard PMT biscuits. The fatty acid profile was superior, with higher levels of MUFA and PUFA, and the presence of EPA, DHA, and AA, which were not detected in the standard biscuits. Toddler biscuits based on mung bean flour and patin fish paste, especially the KHIP5050 formulation, have significant potential as a nutrient-dense food product to address malnutrition in toddlers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sajiman, Zulfiana Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0