Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA contains scientific articles form of research results that include science, technology, and teaching in the field of science. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA is published monthly. Authors across the globe are welcome to submit their research papers in the prestigious journal fulfilling the requisite criterion.
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Virtual Arena for Traditional Arts: Development of a Digital Platform for Cultural Preservation
This article examines the development of Virtual Arena for Traditional Arts, a digital platform designed for the preservation of traditional arts through a technological approach and motion mechanics as elements of digital communication. This research stems from the urgent need to provide an alternative performance space amid the decline of physical stages and the decrease in direct interaction between artists and audiences. The concept of motion mechanics is applied to capture, visualize, and transmit body movements with precision through motion capture technology, so that the aesthetic characteristics of traditional arts remain authentic in virtual format. The digital stage functions as an interactive communication medium that allows the audience not only to observe but also to experience the performance through 3D visualization, dynamic avatars, and virtual reality-based stage design. The research methods included literature studies and system design. The results showed that the integration of motion mechanics with digital stages improved the quality of art representation, expanded the global audience reach, and strengthened real-time user engagement. These findings confirm that virtual arenas have the potential to become a new model of cultural communication in the digital age and an innovative strategy for preserving traditional arts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hadawiyah Endah Utami, Raden Ary Bhagawan Wijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Deep Learning in Elementary School: Systematic Literature Review
The challenges of 21st-century education require learning approaches that go beyond factual mastery and emphasize deep conceptual understanding and higher-order thinking skills in elementary school students. This study aims to analyze research trends, implementation characteristics, and the impact of the deep learning approach in elementary school learning through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The literature review process follows the PRISMA protocol, including identification, screening, and eligibility stages. Articles were identified using Publish or Perish software from Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and Scopus databases with the keywords “deep learning” and “elementary school” within the publication period of 2020–2025. The initial search yielded 528 articles, which were then filtered using inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 17 empirical research articles indexed by SINTA 1–4 and Scopus for the final analysis. The synthesis shows three main characteristics of deep learning implementation: constructive learning through discussions, projects, and contextual exploration; fun and recreational learning that enhances motivation through educational games and digital media; and reflective learning that develops metacognitive awareness through reflection and evaluation. This approach improves learning outcomes, strengthens critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication, and supports metacognitive development in elementary education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Zaidan Fadhlurahman, Irwandani, Deri Firmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Empathetic Leadership and School Culture on Teachers’ Psychological Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis Approach
Teachers’ psychological well-being was a crucial component in creating an educational environment that supported optimal and effective learning. The psychological condition of teachers influenced the quality of classroom interactions, work motivation, emotional resilience, and professional stability. Various interpersonal and organizational factors contributed to this well-being, including empathetic leadership demonstrated by school leaders and the school culture that shaped teachers’ daily work environment. This study aimed to examine the influence of empathetic leadership and school culture on teachers’ psychological well-being through a meta-analysis approach that provided a more objective and comprehensive estimation of the overall effect. A total of 25 quantitative empirical studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using a random effects model. The results indicated that empathetic leadership had a positive and significant relationship with teachers’ psychological well-being (r = 0.460, p < 0.001). School culture also showed a positive and significant relationship (r = 0.449, p < 0.001). These findings emphasized the importance of emotionally supportive leadership practices and collaborative school environments in maintaining teachers’ mental health. This study provided empirical evidence and practical recommendations for strengthening leadership practices and improving school culture to enhance teachers’ psychological well-being sustainably.
Copyright (c) 2026 Darno Raharjo, Widodo Widodo, Merry Lapasau, Hasbullah Hasbullah, Hendro Prasetyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research Trends in The Utilization of E-Modules in Science Learning: A Systematic Literature Review
This study aims to systematically map research trends in the utilization of e-modules in science learning from 2020 to 2024. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach following PRISMA guidelines to ensure a transparent and systematic selection process. Data were collected from the Scopus database, resulting in 261 identified articles, of which 20 empirical studies were selected through identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion stages. The results show that the dominant research focus is development based on learning models (75.00%), with Problem-Based Learning as the most frequently used model (35.00%). In terms of learning outcomes, higher-order thinking skills (60.00%) and critical thinking skills (40.00%) are the most widely examined variables, while affective aspects remain underexplored. Technology integration is dominated by interactive multimedia (40.00%) and Android-based platforms (20.00%). However, the findings also reveal several gaps, including limited attention to affective outcomes, lack of methodological rigor, and insufficient consideration of contextual factors such as teacher readiness and digital equity. These findings highlight the need for more comprehensive, rigorous, and context-sensitive research to support sustainable digital learning in science education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fahmi Anhar Muladi, Maria Paristiowati, Cecep Kustandi, Imam Fitri Rahmadi, Arcita Rizara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Standardization of VO₂max Predictive Models Based on Body Composition in Endurance Sports: A Systematic Review
VO₂max is the main indicator of aerobic capacity that is widely used in endurance sports. However, direct measurement of VO₂max requires special equipment and laboratory conditions that are not always available in the field. This study aims to examine the predictive model of VO₂max based on body composition through a systematic literature review approach. Data were obtained from four scientific databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) with a publication range of 2013–2025. The selection process followed the PRISMA guidelines with inclusion criteria of human population-based quantitative studies and the use of body parameters as predictors of VO₂max. A total of 15 articles met the criteria and were analyzed narratively. The results showed that parameters such as fat-free mass (FFM), body fat percentage (BF%), and body mass index (BMI) were the most commonly used variables. Linear regression and machine learning approaches were the dominant statistical methods. Although these approaches are potential, a universal model has not been found due to variations in population, measurement methods, and training conditions. This study recommends the development of population-specific predictive models and the integration of anthropometric data, biomarkers, and exercise response to improve model accuracy and applicability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuni Rahmayanti, Nyak Amir, Zulkarnain, Rachmad Suhanda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Science Education, Transcendental Ethics, and Legal Literacy in Reproductive Health as a Preventive Effort Against the Circulation of Illegal Abortion Drugs: Evidence Mapping
Abortion represents a public health challenge at the intersection of clinical safety, ethics, and law; limitations on access to safe abortion services are likely to incite a channel push to informal/illegal abortion, specifically via digital modalities. The legal framework in Indonesia is primarily restrictive with limited exceptions, which means that uncertainty around legal boundaries, stigma and barriers to accessing care can generate demand for information and illegal abortions. This study combines an evidence mapping integrated review using the PICo/PEO framework to synthesize the cross-disciplinary evidence across three pillars, including sexual-reproductive health (SRH) science, transcendental ethics, and legal literacy (criminal–health–pharmaceutical–digital regulation). The search was performed through health, education and legal databases and a two-stage selection process as per the PRISMA principles and extraction was performed from a thematic-operational matrix. The review invariably found that the strongest prevention hinges on the development and implementation of a three-pillar curriculum, along with case/vignette-based pedagogy, medico-legal risk literacy, and online information sorting competency. Evidence mapping the strengthening of legal literacy and design due diligence platform as a strategic node to reduce demand and suppress the circulation of illegal abortion drugs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Noor Rahmad, Absori, Rizka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Review: Research Trends on Interactive Web-Based STEM-PjBL Hybrid Model of Material Physics with Deep Learning Approach to Improve Critical Thinking Skills
The rapid advancement of digital technology and artificial intelligence has reshaped the landscape of physics education, emphasizing the need for instructional models that effectively promote students’ critical thinking skills. This study aims to synthesize and map the development of Hybrid STEM–Project-Based Learning (STEM–PjBL) models supported by web-interactive learning environments and deep learning approaches in physics material education. A hybrid review method was employed, integrating a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis of 30 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus and SINTA from 2020 to 2026. The SLR results indicate that STEM-oriented PjBL consistently enhances students’ critical thinking, problem-solving, and conceptual understanding, particularly when implemented through authentic and interdisciplinary projects. Bibliometric findings reveal a growing research trend toward web-based learning and artificial intelligence, with deep learning emerging as a promising yet underexplored component within STEM–PjBL frameworks. However, empirical integration of adaptive deep learning mechanisms in physics material learning remains limited. This study contributes by highlighting critical research gaps and proposing a conceptual Hybrid STEM–PjBL Web-Interactive Model with Deep Learning, which integrates pedagogical design, digital interactivity, and intelligent adaptability to optimize critical thinking development. The findings provide theoretical, practical, and methodological insights for advancing AI-enhanced STEM education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aris Doyan, Susilawati, Syarful Annam, Linda Sekar Utami, Muhammad Ikhsan, Nuraini Rachma Ardianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Outcome Expectations and Social Support in Youths’ Teaching Career Interest: A Meta-Analysis
The declining interest of young people in the teaching profession has raised concerns about the sustainability of the future education workforce. Grounded in Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), this study synthesizes empirical evidence on the relationships between outcome expectancy, social support, and teaching career interest through a meta-analysis. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, relevant studies published between 2017 and 2025 were systematically identified from Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and Google Scholar. A total of 20 empirical studies involving 10,527 participants met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using a random-effects model with Fisher’s z transformation.The results show that outcome expectancy has a significant moderate-to-large association with teaching career interest (r = 0.43), while social support demonstrates a significant moderate association (r = 0.35). Heterogeneity was moderate for outcome expectancy (I² = 48.7%) and low-to-moderate for social support (I² = 30.3%). Visual inspection of funnel plots suggests no substantial publication bias. These findings provide robust support for SCCT and offer theoretical and practical insights into factors influencing youth interest in the teaching profession.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suwarsito, Widodo, Merry Lapasau, Sumaryoto, Supardi Uki Sajiman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research Trends: Argument Driven Inquiry (ADI) Model in Science Learning
This study aims to analyze research trends regarding the Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) model in science education. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using the Scopus database, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. From an initial 20 records identified, 11 high quality original articles published between 2019 and 2025 met the strict inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that while publication numbers appear to fluctuate, this is largely attributed to ongoing data indexing for the year 2025 rather than a decline in academic interest. The ADI model is most frequently implemented at the secondary school level, particularly in Physics and Chemistry. Results demonstrate that ADI significantly enhances scientific argumentation, conceptual mastery, and critical thinking. Furthermore, technical modifications such as rADI and MADI have proven effective in addressing diverse student needs and classroom constraints. In conclusion, ADI serves as a robust framework for 21st-century science learning, though future research must prioritize long-term sustainability studies and teacher professional development to ensure successful implementation across broader educational contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggita Meilina Putri, Endang Purwaningsih, Purbo Suwasono, Muhammad Ikhbar Ihsan, Monika Ruth Cahayana, Kafa Pramitha Anggraini Indhira Artanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Systematic Literature Review: The Effectiveness of Interactive E-Modules in Numeracy Learning on Students' Concept Understanding
This study systematically reviews the effectiveness of interactive e-modules in Numeracy learning to improve students' concept understanding. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach. Data were collected from 12 articles published in SINTA-indexed journals between 2021–2025. Analysis identified publication trends, educational levels, and e-module effectiveness on concept understanding. Results indicate interactive e-modules effectively improve Numeracy concept understanding, marked by significant N-Gain score improvements and learning completeness. Publication trends increased rapidly (2021–2025), dominated by Junior High School (50%), Senior High School (33%), and Elementary School (17%). The study concludes further research is needed at the Elementary level, adjusting learning models to students' developmental stages.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Ayu Sinta Pratiwi, I Made Ardana, Gede Suweken https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Deep Learning Applications in STEM Education: A Systematic Review of Pedagogical Innovations in Numeracy and Science Learning
This research examines the application of Deep Learning (DL) technologies in mathematics and science education, focusing on technological approaches, pedagogical integration, and educational impacts. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 225 studies published between January 2020 and February 2026 were analyzed from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and SINTA databases. Results indicate that Convolutional Neural Networks (34.2%) and Recurrent Neural Networks/Long Short-Term Memory models (28.9%) dominate STEM applications, primarily implemented through Intelligent Tutoring Systems and adaptive learning platforms. Pedagogically, DL tools align predominantly with adaptive learning (38.7%) and inquiry-based approaches (34.2%). Evidence suggests positive impacts on learning outcomes (82.7% of studies reported significant improvements) and Higher-Order Thinking Skills, particularly critical thinking and problem-solving. However, implementation challenges persist, including technical infrastructure limitations (41.3%), data privacy concerns (36.9%), and insufficient teacher readiness (29.8%). This review concludes that while Deep Learning offers transformative potential for personalized STEM education, successful integration requires addressing ethical considerations, developing explainable AI systems, and enhancing educator preparation. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies and equitable access to ensure DL technologies genuinely enhance rather than hinder mathematics and science learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mira Sudiarti, Yulyanti Harisman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Problem-Solving in Junior High School Mathematics and Science Through Guided Inquiry and Deeper Learning: A Systematic Literature Review
This systematic literature review examines the integration of Guided Inquiry and Deeper Learning models to enhance problem-solving skills in junior high school Mathematics and Science education. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC databases for peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and passed quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results reveal a sharp increase in publications post-2020, predominantly from Asian countries (Indonesia, Turkey, Thailand). All included studies reported positive outcomes, with guided inquiry cycles enhanced by reflection, knowledge transfer, and critical thinking components demonstrating significant improvements in students' problem-solving abilities compared to traditional instruction. Thematic analysis identified consistent instructional patterns including student worksheets, real-world problem contexts, and collaborative activities. However, gaps remain in longitudinal research, technology integration, and teacher professional development. This study proposes the Integrated Guided Inquiry–Deeper Learning Framework (IGI-DLF) as a conceptual guide for educators and researchers. The findings conclude that integrating deeper learning principles within inquiry-based approaches effectively fosters higher-order thinking and problem-solving competencies. Future research should focus on long-term skill retention, artificial intelligence scaffolding, and cross-cultural validation to advance mathematics and science education globally.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arif Desramaza, Elita Zusti Jamaan, Yerizon, Ahmad Fauzan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Stalevo Drug Usage in Parkinson's Patients: A Narrative Review
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects patients' quality of life, with primary motor symptoms such as tremor, muscle rigidity, and bradykinesia. Levodopa is the mainstay of PD therapy, but approximately 80% of patients experience motor complications, such as motor fluctuations and "wearing-off" after several years of therapy. This study evaluates the efficacy, safety, and rational use of Stalevo (levodopa, carbidopa, and entacapone) in managing motor complications and "wearing-off" phenomena in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). This research was conducted as a narrative review to provide a recent evidence-based synthesis of the efficacy and safety of Stalevo. Methods included a search of articles in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar published between 2015 and 2025 using the keywords "Stalevo" and "Parkinson's disease." The study revealed that Stalevo was effective in prolonging the duration of levodopa's effect, reducing the required levodopa dose, and improving patients' quality of life, particularly in patients with motor fluctuations. Although side effects such as dyskinesia and diarrhea may occur, Stalevo's overall safety profile is well-received. Stalevo is a cost-effective, evidence-based intervention for intermediate-to-advanced PD. Rational use requires precise patient selection and monitoring for dopaminergic side effects, such as dyskinesia and diarrhea, to optimize quality of life and ensure patient safety.
Copyright (c) 2026 M Andri Prasetyo, Fauna Herawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Students’ Misconceptions and Mental Models about Floating, Suspension, and Sinking: A Systematic Literature Review
This systematic literature review examined research on students’ misconceptions and mental models related to floating, suspending, and sinking (FSS) concepts published between 1990 and 2026. The review aims to map research themes, major forms of misconceptions, classifications of mental models, and instructional interventions used to support scientific understanding. The review implemented the PRISMA framework to identify, screen, and ensure the eligibility of the articles. A total of 215 articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings show that misconceptions remain the most investigated aspect, particularly those involving confusion among density, mass, volume, and buoyant force. Research on mental models is still limited, revealing that many learners rely on initial or synthetic, context-dependent representations rather than scientific models. Instructional interventions are the most extensively and widely investigated, including hands-on activities, conceptual change strategies, simulations, and structured learning models, each contributing differently to addressing misconceptions and promoting scientific mental models about FSS phenomena. Overall, the review highlights persistent conceptual difficulties, insufficient assessment tools, and a need for more integrative research that connects misconceptions, mental models, reasoning, and diagnostic measurement. Strengthening appropriate interventions will support deeper insights into learners’ scientific understanding and mental models of FSS concepts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sarintan Nurcahyati Kaharu, Citra Dewi, Ni Putu Murniasih, Nunuk Haryanti, Supriyatman, Afadil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Outcome Analysis of Project-Based Training on Book Chapter Writing for Elementary School Teachers
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a training project using the Project-Based Learning (PPjBL) model in enhancing elementary school teachers’ competencies in writing and documenting best practices into book chapters. This study employs a mixed-methods approach with a pre-experimental design (one-group pretest–posttest design). The study participants consisted of 9 elementary school teachers selected using saturation sampling. Quantitative data were obtained through pretest and posttest assessments of writing skills, while qualitative data were collected through observations of the implementation of the PPjBL model and perception questionnaires. The results showed a significant improvement in teachers’ writing skills after the training (p < 0.01), particularly in the aspects of content, structure, and academic language. The implementation of the PPjBL model fell into the “mostly implemented” category with an average score of 3.25, indicating that the model’s stages were carried out fairly optimally. In addition, teachers’ perceptions of the PPjBL model fell into the “very positive” category, with an average score of 3.54, particularly regarding the aspects of relevance and the ability to produce tangible outputs in the form of books. These findings indicate that PPjBL is effective and relevant as a project-based training model focused on publication-oriented outputs. This study contributes to the development of a professional teacher training model that not only enhances competencies but also produces tangible outcomes that can be utilized within the educational community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Theresia Wariani, Alfons Bunga Naen, Vinsensia H. B. Hayon, Hironimus Tangi, Yanti Rosinda Tinenti, Ilidio Ximenes Moreira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Project-Based Interactive Multimedia for Science to Improve Critical Reasoning in Elementary School Students
The low critical reasoning ability of elementary school students in science learning requires learning innovations that are able to integrate technology, project activities, and active student involvement. This study aims to develop interactive multimedia science based on projects and test its validity and effectiveness in improving critical reasoning of elementary school students. The type of research used is research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, which consists of the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires, observations and critical reasoning questions, while qualitative data were obtained from suggestions and validators of media and materials. The product was tested on 39 students from two elementary schools in Klaten Regency. The sample in this study was selected using a purposive random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using t-tests and N-gain tests to determine the effectiveness of the product in improving critical reasoning. The results of the study showed that the validation of media and materials each obtained a percentage of 87.92% (feasible) and 93.69% (very feasible), and the results of the t-test showed a probability value of 0.004 < 0.05 which indicated a significant influence on improving students' critical reasoning. The results of the N-gain test also showed an increase in students' critical reasoning after the use of project-based interactive multimedia for science and technology. Therefore, it can be concluded that project-based interactive multimedia for science and technology meets the criteria of feasibility and effectiveness so that it can be applied in science and technology learning in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuni Karsih Asmi, Yuli Prihatni, Ana Fitrotun Nisa, Akbar Al Masjid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development an Interactive Physics Learning Based on Google Sites Integrated with Local Wisdom
The limited availability of interactive physics learning media that meaningfully integrate local wisdom remains a challenge in contextual science instruction. This study aimed to develop a Google Sites–based interactive physics learning design integrated with the local wisdom of the Manggarai gong and to determine its feasibility for classroom use. The study employed a Research and Development approach using a modified Borg and Gall model, covering needs analysis, initial product design, expert validation, and revision. The product was designed with a structured learning sequence consisting of contextual orientation, pretest, learning objectives, sound wave materials, virtual simulations, ethnoscience-based cultural integration, posttest, and student reflection. Data were analyzed using Aiken’s V to assess content validity across material and media aspects. The results showed that all validation indicators achieved Aiken’s V values ranging from 0.83 to 1.00, exceeding the acceptable validity threshold of 0.80. These findings indicate strong expert agreement on content relevance, conceptual accuracy, media quality, and the appropriateness of integrating local wisdom into physics learning. In conclusion, the developed learning design is content-valid and feasible for use, with minor revisions required before practicality and effectiveness testing
Copyright (c) 2026 Isabel Coryunitha Panis, Egidius Dewa, Oktavianus Ama Ki’i https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Three Part Cards Montessori Learning Media on Biodiversity for Grade X Students at SMAN 5 Balikpapan
This study aimed to develop and evaluate the Three Part Cards Montessori learning media for teaching Biodiversity to tenth- grade students at SMAN 5 Balikpapan. The development followed the 4D Model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), including validation by experts, practical trials and effectiveness testing. Data were collected through expert assessments, student responses, and learning outcomes including critical thinking skills. The result showed that the Three Part Cards Montessori media was feasible, practical and effective. Expert Validation scores were high, students responded positively, and significant improvement was observed in students learning outcomes and critical thinking abilities. This study suggests that Three Part Cards Montessori is a promising alternative learning media to enhance conceptual understanding and critical thinking in biology education
Copyright (c) 2026 Vila Wahyu Ardila Visyam, Sonja V.T Lumowa, Yusak Hudiyono, Daniel Tarigan, Lambang Subagyo, Abdul Hakim, Elsje Theodora Maasawet, Vandalita M.M Rambitan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Henna Plant Extract (Lawsonia inermis L.) on Fibroblasts Formation in the Wound Healing Process After Tooth Extraction in Male Wistar White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Wound healing is a complex biological process consisting of inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling phases. Complications following tooth extraction, such as infection and delayed healing, may interfere with this process. Lawsonia inermis L. (henna) leaves are widely used in traditional medicine and contain bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic effects. The main active compound, lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), along with flavonoids and tannins, exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties that may stimulate fibroblast proliferation and support connective tissue regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of henna leaf extract on fibroblast formation during the wound healing process after tooth extraction in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This laboratory experimental study used a posttest-only control group design involving 30 male Wistar rats divided into five groups: a negative control group, a positive control group, and three treatment groups receiving henna leaf extract at concentrations of 20%, 30%, and 40%. Histological observations of fibroblast cells were performed on days 3, 7, and 14 after tooth extraction. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA showed a highly significant difference among groups (Sig. = 0.000; p < 0.001). Further analysis with the LSD test indicated that the 40% henna extract group had significantly higher fibroblast counts compared with the control groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, henna leaf extract significantly increases fibroblast formation in post-extraction wound healing, with the 40% concentration showing the most effective results. These findings suggest that henna leaf extract has potential as a natural therapeutic agent for promoting wound healing after tooth extraction and may contribute to the development of herbal-based dental treatment materials.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andriansyah, Nabilla Putri Amelya, Edrizal, Resa Ferdina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparison of Maxillary Anterior Tooth Proportion Measurements Using Chu's Gauge and Digital Calipers in College Students
Smile aesthetics is closely related to the proportion of the maxillary anterior teeth, which plays an important role in aesthetic dentistry. Standard evaluation tools such as Chu’s Esthetic Proportion Gauge, based on the Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) proportion, are widely used to assess anterior tooth proportions. However, these standards were primarily developed from Caucasian populations and may not accurately represent dental characteristics in other populations. Considering the limited data on tooth proportion standards for the Indonesian population and the increasing demand for aesthetic dental treatment, evaluating the suitability of these tools in Indonesian individuals is important. This study aimed to assess the suitability of Chu’s Esthetic Proportion Gauge in measuring maxillary anterior tooth proportions and to compare its measurements with those obtained using a digital caliper among PSPDG FKKGIK Universitas Prima Indonesia students from the 2022–2024 cohorts. This quantitative comparative study employed a cross-sectional design involving 68 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Measurements of the central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines were conducted using Chu’s Gauge and a digital caliper. Data were analyzed using reliability testing, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test, and the Mann–Whitney test. The results showed that both instruments demonstrated good reliability. However, significant differences were found between the measurements obtained using Chu’s Gauge and the digital caliper for all maxillary anterior teeth (p < 0.05), with the digital caliper consistently producing higher values. The highest agreement with Chu’s Gauge was observed in the central incisors, lower agreement in the lateral incisors, and no agreement in the canines. Gender-related differences in tooth proportions were also identified. These findings provide practical implications for aesthetic dental practice and contribute to the development of tooth proportion references for the Indonesian population. Future research should involve larger samples and explore advanced digital measurement methods to improve accuracy in assessing anterior tooth proportions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vandersun Lestari, Cindy Denhara Wijaya, Aulia Hasanah Utari , Vania Pepayosa Sitepu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ethnopharmacy of Medicinal Plants in the Production of Ma'jun as Traditional Medicine in Blang Dalam Village, Darul Hikmah District, Aceh Jaya Regency
Ma'jun is a form of traditional medicinal formulation passed down through generations by the Acehnese community and is commonly used for stamina recovery, treatment of minor ailments, and holistic health therapy. This study aims to explore the types of medicinal plants used in ma'jun production by the community of Blang Dalam Village, Aceh Jaya Regency, and to analyze the ethnobotanical value and pharmacological potential of each species. The research method employed is descriptive ethnobotany with in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and field documentation techniques. The study identified 9 species including other natural materials used in ma'jun formulation, with the dominant plant parts being leaves (60%), roots (20%), seeds (10%), and rhizomes (10%). Literature analysis indicates that most of these species possess pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and gastroprotective properties. These findings confirm that ma'jun is a cultural heritage with great potential to be developed as phytopharmaceuticals based on local wisdom. This study recommends the need for toxicity studies, dose standardization, and further clinical trials.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vera Maulida, Muhammad Ridhwan, Rubiah, Husna, Cut Morina Zubainur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Promoting Quality Education through Physics Simulations and Collaborative Modeling-Based Learning: Students’ Computational Thinking Dispositions in High School Physics
Computational thinking skills are essential in the 21st century; therefore, educational institutions must facilitate students in cultivating computational thinking skills. In addition, computational thinking dispositions are also important for students, as a positive attitude toward computational thinking will help them acquire the skills. This study aims to design and implement a collaborative modeling-based physics learning model supported by simulations to cultivate students' computational thinking dispositions. The learning model was implemented in a senior high school physics classroom during instruction on the work and energy topic. Thirty-four students participated in the study. At the end of the learning process, students’ computational thinking dispositions were assessed using a questionnaire. The results showed that students have overall computational thinking dispositions that are at a good level, particularly in confidence, persistence, and collaboration, while their ability to handle ambiguity reached an acceptable level. Moreover, according to the self-assessment, students had frequently engaged in computational thinking practices during the learning activities. These findings suggest that collaborative modeling-based learning supported by physics simulations has strong potential to promote computational thinking dispositions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elisabeth Pratidhina Founda Noviani, Firza Farahdiba Daeng, Anthony Wijaya, Herwinarso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Paradox of AI Integration in Basic Science Project-Based Learning: Comparing Perceived Effectiveness and Actual Product Quality
This study investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in Project-Based Learning (PjBL) within a Basic Science Concepts course, specifically focusing on the paradox between student perceptions and actual learning performance. A quantitative comparative design was employed, involving pre-service teachers divided into AI-reliant and non-AI groups. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires and project product assessment rubrics, then analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. The results reveal a significant disparity: while the AI group reported significantly higher perceptions of learning effectiveness and teamwork satisfaction, their actual product quality and conceptual depth in science were lower than those of the non-AI group. This suggests that AI integration may create an illusion of competence, where ease of information access reduces the depth of critical inquiry and collaborative synthesis. The study concludes that AI should function as a guided cognitive tool rather than a primary source in science education. These findings offer critical implications for educators to design AI-integrated PjBL that prioritizes conceptual understanding over technological convenience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sutri Novika, Rofiqoh Hasan Harahap, khairiah, Lia Afriyanti Nasution, Muhammad Zafar Tholib https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determination of Technopreneurship, Work Motivation, Digital Literacy on the Work Readiness of Information Technology Students
The rapid advancement of digital technology has created both opportunities and challenges for Information Technology graduates, particularly regarding their work readiness in facing industry demands. This study aims to analyze the determinants of technopreneurship, work motivation, and digital literacy on the work readiness of Information Technology students in private universities in Jambi Province. Using a quantitative survey approach, data were collected from 307 active IT students selected through proportional random sampling. Data were gathered using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS) via SmartPLS 4.1.14. The findings reveal that all three independent variables have a positive and significant effect on students' work readiness, with digital literacy emerging as the strongest determinant (β = 0.341, p < 0.05), followed by technopreneurship (β = 0.312, p < 0.05) and work motivation (β = 0.278, p < 0.05). The model's R² value of 0.67 indicates that 67% of the variance in work readiness is explained by the three predictors. These results highlight the critical role of integrating technopreneurship and digital literacy within higher education curricula to enhance graduate employability in the digital economy era. The practical implication emphasizes the need for project-based learning, startup incubators, and adaptive digital training programs. The originality of this research lies in its simultaneous examination of technopreneurship, work motivation, and digital literacy as predictors of IT students' work readiness within an Indonesian regional higher education context, an area rarely explored in prior studies
Copyright (c) 2026 Yogi Irdes Putra, Ali Idrus, Firman, Sofyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Torch Ginger Flower Tea at Various Drying Temperatures
Kecombrang can be categorized as a functional plant because it contains phytochemical compounds and antioxidants that can be further developed into herbal tea products. The objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of kecombrang tea processed at three different drying temperatures: 60, 70, and 80 °C. Phytochemical profiling was conducted using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative analysis included the identification of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, and triterpenoids, while the quantitative analysis focused on total flavonoids and total phenolics. The results revealed that all tested phytochemical compounds were present in the kecombrang tea extracts except saponins. The highest total flavonoid content was observed at the drying temperature of 60 °C, reaching 32.21 mg QE/g extract, whereas the lowest was recorded at 80 °C with 8.61 mg QE/g extract. Interestingly, the extract processed at 80 °C exhibited the highest total phenolic content at 11.60 mg GAE/g extract, while the lowest phenolic content was found at 60 °C with 2.72 mg GAE/g extract. The strongest antioxidant activity was also observed at 80 °C, with an IC50 value of 34.92 ppm. Overall, increasing the drying temperature tended to decrease most phytochemical constituents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yusnita Wahyuni Silitonga, Rafiqah Amanda Lubis, Nurmaini Ginting, Fatma Suryani Harahap, Muhammad Nizar Hanafiah Nasution, Muttaqin Kholis Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of the Holistic Integrative Early Childhood Education Program in Preventing Stunting in Aceh Tamiang Regency
Stunting remains a major public health issue in Indonesia due to its long-term effects on children’s growth, cognitive development, and future productivity. Despite government efforts, the implementation of integrated stunting prevention programs at the early childhood education level remains inconsistent. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Holistic Integrative Early Childhood Education (HI-ECE) program in preventing stunting in Aceh Tamiang Regency. A qualitative case study approach was employed involving 30 participants consisting of early childhood educators, principals, health workers, village officials, and parents from two early childhood education centers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation to ensure data credibility. The results show that educational services are the most consistently implemented component, particularly through the integration of hygiene, health, and nutrition awareness into daily learning activities. However, health, nutrition, caregiving, and child protection services remain limited and depend largely on external programs. Weak cross-sectoral coordination, limited human resources, and inconsistent parental participation hinder effective implementation. The study concludes that strengthening institutional capacity, formalizing intersectoral collaboration, and increasing parental engagement are essential to optimize early childhood education institutions as convergence points for sustainable stunting prevention
Copyright (c) 2026 Ulfa Rismaya Putri, Diana, Ali Formen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of the Al-Bayan Method in Qur’anic Learning and Its Impact on Early Childhood Hijaiyah Letter Recognition
Hijaiyah letter recognition is a fundamental aspect of early Qur’anic literacy that requires developmentally appropriate teaching methods. However, early childhood education institutions still face challenges in selecting effective approaches to support children’s early reading skills. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Al-Bayan method in improving Hijaiyah letter recognition among early childhood learners at TK Negeri Pembina Rantau, Aceh Tamiang Regency. The research employed a quantitative quasi-experimental design using a one-group pretest–posttest model. The sample consisted of 35 children selected through total sampling. Data were collected using Hijaiyah letter recognition tests and structured observation sheets. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, normality testing, paired sample t-test, and N-Gain analysis. The results showed a significant improvement in children’s Hijaiyah letter recognition after the implementation of the Al-Bayan method, with a mean difference of 26.30 and a significance value of p < 0.05. The N-Gain analysis indicated a moderate level of improvement, demonstrating the instructional effectiveness of the method. These findings suggest that the Al-Bayan method can be effectively implemented in early childhood Qur’anic learning to strengthen Hijaiyah letter recognition through structured repetition, guided practice, and child-centered instruction, providing practical guidance for educators in designing effective early Qur’anic literacy programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zakia Assidiki, Ali Formen, Diana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental Literacy and Pro-Environmental Behavior of Coal Mine Workers: An Analysis of the Knowing-Doing Gap in the Implementation of ISO 14001:2015
This study examines the knowing-doing gap in environmental literacy among coal mine workers implementing ISO 14001:2015 at PT XYZ, South Sumatra. Despite being ISO 14001 certified, the gap between environmental knowledge and actual pro-environmental behavior remains a critical challenge in sustainable mining. Using a mixed-methods design, researchers surveyed 24 workers through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, field observations, and document analysis. Environmental literacy was assessed through three dimensions: knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, based on the McBeth & Volk framework. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (SPSS 25), while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The results indicate high environmental literacy knowledge (83% understand the policy) and positive attitudes (>65% agree with environmental responsibility), but low consistent behavior with only 42% attending regular training and 38% participating in reclamation programs, indicating a 41% gap. Key barriers include productivity pressures, inflexible training schedules, the absence of an incentive system, and weak management role models. ISO 14001:2015 effectively enhances the knowledge dimension through policy dissemination and audits, but fails to drive behavioral change without complementary organizational mechanisms. This research contributes to a conceptual model that integrates individual literacy with organizational determinants, demonstrating that sustainable mining requires systemic interventions beyond administrative compliance
Copyright (c) 2026 Febrian, Nurhasan Syah, Mulya Gusman, Syafrijon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Virtual Laboratory using Ethnoscience Concept “Mangeppi Agara” on Students’ Digital Literacy and Science Literacy
In this digital age, digital literacy and science literacy are key to comprehending and applying knowledge efficiently. However, modern science education often overlooks local wisdom and ethnoscience, which are rich in cultural values and traditions. Ethnoscience studies can provide material for creating virtual laboratories to help students increase their digital literacy and science literacy. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of virtual laboratories using the "mangeppi agara" ethnoscience concept on students' digital and scientific literacy. The present study employed a quasi-experimental design to generate a virtual laboratory that embodies the ethnoscience idea "Manggeppi Agara". The product comprises simulations/demos, videos, assessments, and images created with Augmented Reality (AR) technology. The ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) was implemented to produce the laboratory. The product was examined by experts in the field and tried out to 202 biology students. The result showed that the laboratory was valid. The research instruments consisted of tests to assess pupils’ digital and science literacy. The study’s findings revealed that employing a virtual laboratory based on the "Manggeppi Agara" Ethnoscience idea improved students’ digital literacy and science literacy. virtual laboratory using the Etnosains concept "Manggeppi Agara" had an impact on students’ digital literacy and science literacy. These findings are expected to help advance the quality of learning design in university and enhance students’ science competencies in the face of rapid global change.
Copyright (c) 2026 Romi Adiansyah, Astuti Muh. Amin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Explainable Brain Tumor Classification Using EfficientNet-B2 and Grad-CAM on MRI Dataset
Brain tumors are life-threatening central nervous system disorders requiring early and accurate diagnosis for effective clinical management. Although MRI is the standard modality for detection, manual interpretation remains prone to inconsistency, particularly for complex cases such as glioma. This study proposes an explainable deep learning framework integrating EfficientNet-B2 with a threshold-based two-stage classification scheme and Grad-CAM interpretability analysis. In the first stage, a one-versus-rest binary classifier with an optimized threshold (τ = 0.20) performs glioma detection; the second stage classifies remaining cases into meningioma, pituitary tumor, or normal. The dataset comprises 7,023 MRI images across four classes from a public Kaggle repository. Preprocessing includes CLAHE contrast enhancement, normalization, and augmentation. EfficientNet-B0 serves as the baseline. EfficientNet-B2 achieves 97.9% overall accuracy, outperforming the baseline (96.7%), with a glioma F1-score of 0.988 at the optimal threshold. Grad-CAM visualizations confirm the model focuses on anatomically relevant regions, enhancing transparency and clinical trustworthiness. The proposed framework demonstrates that combining architectural capacity, threshold-based inference, and explainability yields a reliable system for computer-aided brain tumor diagnosis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tino Saputra, Wahyu Purnama Magribi, Vitri Tundjungsari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Elementary Students’ Ecosystem Understanding Through Environment-Based Interactive Learning Media Using Genially: An SDG 4 Perspective
Science learning in elementary schools still faces challenges because ecosystem concepts are abstract and difficult for students at the concrete operational stage to understand. This study aimed to develop environment-based interactive learning media using the Genially platform and examine its effectiveness in improving students’ understanding of ecosystem concepts. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, including analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The development phase resulted in interactive media integrating visual illustrations, animations, ecosystem simulations, and gamified quizzes. The product was validated by subject matter experts and media experts, obtaining scores of 92% and 93%, respectively, categorized as very suitable. The trial was conducted using a purposive sampling technique with 31 fifth-grade students at Pasar Bunder Elementary School, Cilegon City. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the N-Gain test. The results showed that the average score increased from 50 (pretest) to 86 (posttest), with an N-Gain value of 0.72 (high category). In conclusion, the developed Genially-based learning media is effective in improving students’ understanding of ecosystem concepts through interactive and visual representations of environmental contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mulyasaroh, Yayat Ruhiat, Aan Hendrayana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Needs Analysis for Developing Critical Thinking–Integrated Electronic Worksheets on Particle Dynamics at the Undergraduate Level
Particle Dynamics learning requires higher-order thinking skills, particularly critical thinking skills. However, many students still experience difficulties in analyzing problems and drawing appropriate inferences related to physics concepts. This study aims to analyze undergraduate students’ critical thinking skills profiles and examine the need for developing electronic student worksheets (E-Student Worksheets) for Particle Dynamics learning. A quantitative descriptive approach with a descriptive exploratory design was employed. The participants were 61 undergraduate students from a Physics Education program who had completed or were currently taking the Basic Physics course. The participants were selected using purposive sampling because they had prior exposure to Particle Dynamics concepts, making them suitable for critical thinking skills assessment and needs analysis. Data were collected using two instruments: a critical thinking skills test and a needs analysis questionnaire. The critical thinking skills test consisted of open-ended physics problems designed based on Facione’s framework of critical thinking indicators, including interpretation, analysis, evaluation, explanation, and inference. Descriptive statistical analysis using mean scores and percentages was applied to analyze the data. The results indicate that students’ critical thinking skills are generally low, with average scores ranging from 35 to 39 across all indicators, particularly in the areas of analysis and inference. Furthermore, the needs analysis results show that all indicators related to instructional material development fall within the “Needed” category (61–80%), supported by students’ high digital engagement. These findings imply that instructional materials should be designed to provide structured guidance that facilitates students’ reasoning processes in solving Particle Dynamics problems. Therefore, the development of critical thinking–integrated electronic student worksheets is considered urgent and has strong potential to improve the quality of Particle Dynamics learning at the undergraduate level
Copyright (c) 2026 Intan Purnama Yani, Ratnawulan, Ahmad Fauzi, Emiliannur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing English Grammar Education Through a Mobile-Assisted Language Learning Application: A Case Study Using the Formula 33 Approach
The integration of technology into language learning has created new opportunities to enhance effectiveness and learner engagement. However, existing grammar learning applications often lack sufficient contextual scaffolding, provide minimal adaptive feedback, and rely on chatbots that are not grounded in curated learning sources, limiting their effectiveness for structured language acquisition. This study focuses on developing a mobile-assisted English grammar-learning application using the Formula 33 approach and an RAG-based chatbot. The research uses a prototyping methodology, enabling iterative development and continuous improvement informed by user feedback. The application was built using Android Studio (Kotlin), integrated with Firebase Realtime Database, and features a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)-based chatbot that uses the Formula 33 book as its main self-learning source. The implementation results show that all main features, including formula learning, practice exercises, quizzes, and personalized feedback, are present and function effectively. System evaluation using Black Box Testing confirmed functional reliability, while the System Usability Scale (SUS) test yielded an average score of 83.125, categorized as “Excellent” and “Acceptable” for usability. These findings demonstrate that the Formula 33 method, implemented as a pedagogical framework integrated with RAG technology based on curated textbook sources and evaluated through SUS standards, effectively supports users in progressively and contextually understanding English grammar structures. The proposed model offers strong potential as a replicable framework for the development of future technology-assisted language learning applications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Mulyati, Nizamuddin Sadiq Nizamuddin , Astri Hapsari, Galuh Ihsan Nurkholis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Performance of Childhood Immunization Recording and Reporting Using the ASIK Application: Evidence from Village Midwives in Magetan District, Indonesia
This study aimed to analyze factors associated with the performance of childhood immunization recording and reporting using the Sehat Indonesia-Ku (ASIK) application among village midwives in Magetan District, Indonesia. The ASIK application plays an important role in strengthening Indonesia’s digital immunization reporting system by improving data accuracy, timeliness, and monitoring at primary healthcare facilities. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 228 village midwives from 22 primary health centers using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-square), and multivariate analyses with binary logistic regression. The results showed that perception (p = 0.047), attitude (p = 0.002), and workload (p = 0.014) were significantly associated with performance. Midwives with positive perceptions were more likely to demonstrate good performance (OR = 1.749), while attitude emerged as the strongest predictor (OR = 2.400). In addition, a lighter workload significantly increased the likelihood of good performance (OR = 1.998). Conversely, length of service, knowledge, and motivation were not significantly associated with performance (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that immunization program managers and primary healthcare facilities should strengthen training programs, provide continuous technical support, and optimize workload distribution to enhance ASIK utilization and improve immunization data quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mareta Adya Tiar, Ayun Sriatmi, Cahya Tri Purnami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Canva-Based Interactive Learning Media Integrated with Problem-Based Learning to Enhance Fifth-Grade Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in IPAS (Food Chain Topics)
The development of critical thinking skills has become an essential competence in 21st-century education, requiring learning processes that are meaningful and problem-oriented. However, science learning (IPAS) in elementary schools still tends to emphasize conceptual memorization, resulting in students’ critical thinking skills, particularly in ecosystem topics such as food chains, being insufficiently developed. This study aimed to develop and examine the effectiveness of Canva-based interactive media integrated with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in improving fifth-grade students’ critical thinking skills. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, followed by an effectiveness test using a Pretest–Posttest Control Group design. The research participants consisted of 44 students, including 25 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group. Data were collected using a validated critical thinking test that assessed the indicators of interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference. Data analysis was conducted using a t-test and effect size calculation. The results indicate that the implementation of Canva-based interactive media through the PBL model had a significant positive effect on students’ critical thinking skills. The effect size value of 1.670 indicates a very high level of impact. These findings suggest that integrating interactive digital media with problem-based learning effectively enhances students’ active engagement and analytical abilities in IPAS learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Angga Dwi Purnomo, Hariyanto, Kustiyowati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Video-Based Learning on Elementary Students’ Learning Outcomes in Ecosystem Topics
Understanding ecosystems is not only academically important but also practically valuable in fostering environmental awareness. Knowledge of ecosystem balance can cultivate a sense of responsibility toward environmental conservation and sustainability. This study aims to examine the effect of interactive video-based learning on elementary school students’ learning outcomes in ecosystem topics. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model and involved 30 fifth-grade students at SD Negeri Penuduan, Musi Banyuasin. Data were collected through expert validation, practicality testing, and pretest–posttest assessments, and were analyzed using N-gain scores and paired-sample t-tests. The validation results indicated that the developed learning videos were categorized as “very valid” in terms of content, language, and media aspects, with an average practicality level exceeding 90%. The pretest results showed an initial average score of 38, while the posttest average increased to 86.67, with an N-gain score of 0.78, which falls into the “high” category. The paired-sample t-test revealed a statistically significant improvement in students’ learning outcomes (p < 0.05). These findings provide empirical evidence that interactive video-based learning is effective in improving elementary school students’ learning outcomes and their understanding of ecosystem concepts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jasum Novi Daria, Sri Sumarni, Makmum Raharjo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Chemistry Learning Model through Integrated STEM Project-Based Learning Using Palm Oil Waste as a Renewable Energy Source
This study aimed to develop a chemistry learning model based on Project-Based Learning (PjBL) integrated with STEM, utilizing palm oil waste as a renewable energy context to enhance students’ scientific literacy. The research adopted a research and development approach using the Plomp model. The developed PjBL–STEM model was implemented in senior high school chemistry classes through contextual, project-oriented activities related to palm oil waste utilization. Data were collected using tests, observations, questionnaires, and performance rubrics to examine the quality and impact of the model. The findings indicate that the developed learning model is valid and practical for classroom implementation. Its application resulted in a significant improvement in students’ scientific literacy, particularly in understanding scientific concepts and applying them to real-world sustainability issues. In addition, the learning process supported the development of essential 21st-century skills, including critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and environmental awareness. Overall, the results demonstrate that the PjBL–STEM learning model based on local renewable energy contexts is effective and feasible for chemistry instruction. The model contributes not only to improving scientific literacy but also to promoting sustainable education aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulkhairi, Dzikrul Rizki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Differentiated Learning in the Independent Curriculum for Fifth-Grade Science at SDN 31 Kampung Caniago, Agam Regency
This study examines the effect of differentiated learning within the Independent Curriculum on students’ mastery of science content and creative thinking skills in Grade V at SDN 31 Kampung Caniago, Agam Regency. The research was motivated by the need for student-centered instruction that accommodates diverse learning needs and supports 21st-century competencies. A quantitative descriptive method with a one-shot case study design was employed. The sample consisted of 27 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using observation and documentation, supported by a performance assessment instrument based on five indicators of creative thinking: fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, and evaluation. Data were analyzed using percentage scores and N-gain. The results showed that students’ mastery of science content reached a high level, with the highest achievement in the topic Properties and Changes of Matter (88%) and the lowest in the Solar System (75%). Creative thinking skills also improved, as indicated by an increase in N-gain from 0.63 during the preparation phase to 0.72 during the presentation phase. These findings demonstrate that differentiated learning effectively enhances both content mastery and creative thinking in elementary science learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadli S, Rayendra, Zelhendri Zen, Abna Hidayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Geospatial Modeling of Agricultural Land Use Change and Its Environmental Implications Using CA–Markov Model in Aceh Besar, Indonesia
Agricultural land use change is an important issue in regional development because it has direct implications for food security and environmental sustainability. This study aims to analyze changes in agricultural land use and model the projected changes and environmental implications using a geospatial approach based on Cellular Automata-Markov (CA-Markov) in Aceh Besar Regency, Indonesia. Land use data for 2012, 2018, and 2024 were analyzed using the Geographic Information System and Land Change Modeler. The classification accuracy test showed an overall accuracy value of 95% and a kappa coefficient of 0.95, which indicates an excellent level of accuracy. The results of the analysis of land use changes for the 2012–2024 period show that agricultural land has decreased significantly due to conversion into settlements and shrubs. CA–Markov modeling yields a high validation rate with a Kstandard value of 0.92. The projected land use in 2032 shows that the downward trend of agricultural land is expected to continue if effective control of space use is not carried out. The findings of this study confirm the importance of geospatial modeling as the basis for spatial planning and sustainable agricultural land protection to support the development of environmentally sound regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ona Atmarizona Deska, Muhammad Rusdi, Jumadil Akhir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Technology-Based Accessibility in Recruitment and Workforce Placement by the Berdaya Menembus Batas Foundation to Increase Employment Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities
This study aims to examine the effect of technology-based recruitment accessibility and technology-supported job placement mechanisms on increasing employment opportunities for people with disabilities within the inclusive employment program implemented by the Berdaya Menembus Batas Foundation. The research is motivated by the persistently low labor force participation rate of persons with disabilities, which indicates the presence of structural and technological barriers in accessing decent employment. This study employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive–verificative research design. Data was collected through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire distributed to people with disabilities who had experienced digital recruitment and technology-assisted job placement processes. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The findings indicate that respondents generally perceive recruitment accessibility, workforce placement mechanisms, and employment opportunities positively, with mean scores above 4.00 and relatively low standard deviations, suggesting consistent perceptions among participants. The reliability test also confirms that the research instrument is highly reliable, with Cronbach’s Alpha values above 0.80 for all variables. Furthermore, regression analysis shows that technology-based recruitment accessibility and workforce placement mechanisms simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employment opportunities (F = 45.128; Sig. = 0.000), with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.612, indicating that 61.2% of the variation in employment opportunities can be explained by the two variables. Partially, both variables also demonstrate positive and significant effects, where recruitment accessibility emerges as the dominant factor (β = 0.487), followed by workforce placement mechanisms (β = 0.362). These findings suggest that accessible digital recruitment systems combined with effective technology-supported placement mechanisms form an integrated, inclusive employment ecosystem capable of reducing structural barriers and improving labor market participation for people with disabilities. Therefore, the integration of technology-based recruitment systems and competency-based workforce placement strategies is essential for expanding employment opportunities and fostering a more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable labor market.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Majid, Imam Nazarudin Latif, Ivana Nina Esterlin Barus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of the Problem-Based Learning Model Integrated with SDGs-7 on Critical Thinking and Collaboration Skills
The demands of 21st-century education require students to develop critical thinking and collaboration skills to solve real-world problems and work effectively in teams. This study aims to examine differences in students’ critical thinking and collaboration skills between classes taught using a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and those taught using the discovery learning model. It also investigates the simultaneous effect of the PBL–SDGs model on both skills. This study employed a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design involving 38 eighth-grade students at a junior high school. The learning implementation focused on energy topics related to SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy). Data were collected using a validated critical thinking test and a collaboration questionnaire and analyzed using normalized gain (N-Gain), independent sample t-tests, and MANOVA. The results showed that the experimental class achieved higher improvements in critical thinking (N-Gain = 0.55) and collaboration (N-Gain = 0.43) than the control class (0.20 and 0.16). The t-test results indicated significant differences in critical thinking (p = 0.000) and collaboration (p = 0.001), while MANOVA confirmed a significant simultaneous effect (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that SDGs-integrated PBL can effectively support the development of critical thinking and collaboration skills and provide practical guidance for teachers in implementing contextual science learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diva Reviola, Purwanti Widhy Hastuti, Rizki Arumning Tyas, Putri Anjarsari, Ekosari Roektiningroem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lead Levels in Blood and Urine, Blood Pressure, and Hemoglobin Levels in Online Motorcycle Taxi Workers in Denpasar
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between blood lead (Pb) level, urine Pb level, blood pressure, and hemoglobin level among online motorcycle taxi workers in Denpasar. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used involving 96 drivers selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, direct physical measurements, and laboratory examinations of blood Pb, urine Pb, and hemoglobin. Normality was tested using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Because several variables were not normally distributed, the data were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation, Mann–Whitney U test, and linear regression. Blood Pb level was not significantly associated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or hemoglobin level. Urine Pb level was not significantly associated with systolic or diastolic blood pressure, but showed a significant weak negative correlation with hemoglobin level. Blood Pb and urine Pb levels were not significantly correlated. Work duration was not significantly associated with Pb levels, whereas daily working hours showed a marginal association with blood Pb. These findings indicate limited hematological effects and support routine biomonitoring and preventive occupational health measures in traffic-exposed workers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diah Prihatiningsih, Putu Ayu Parwati, Anak Agung Ayu Eka Cahyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of STEM-based E-LKPD with the Context of Air Pollution in Samarinda to Improve Environmental Literacy and Critical Thinking Skills of Junior High School Students
This study aims to develop STEM-based E-LKPD to improve environmental literacy and critical thinking skills of eighth grade junior high school students on respiratory system content, with a context of solving air pollution problems caused by waste burning in Samarinda. The background of this study is the low ability of students to relate scientific concepts to local environmental issues and their weak critical thinking and environmental literacy skills in biology learning. The research method used was Research and Development (R&D) with Thiagarajan's 4D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) model. Experts validated the product in subject matter, media, and language, and its practicality was tested through a student response questionnaire. The effectiveness test was conducted using a pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design in four public junior high schools in Samarinda (SMPN 1, 7, 19, and 26). The expert validation results showed that the product was highly valid with an average percentage of 91.66%. The practicality test resulted in a very practical category at the dissemination stage (average score of 3.5–3.7). The effectiveness test proved that the experimental group using STEM-based E-LKPD experienced a significantly higher increase in environmental literacy and critical thinking skills compared to the control group, with a medium-high N-Gain category (0.4–0.8) and statistical significance of p < 0.05. These findings suggest that anchoring STEM learning in the tangible, local issue of air pollution in Samarinda effectively bridges the gap between abstract scientific concepts and real-world application, thereby fostering deeper environmental literacy and critical thinking. The study concludes that the developed STEM-based E-LKPD is a feasible, practical, and innovative medium aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum and the Sustainable Development Goals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurlaila, Elsje Theodora Maasawet, Akhmad, Herliani, Masitah, Lambang Subagiyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes from Merauke Agarwood as PBP1a and PBP3 Inhibitors in Acinetobacter baumanii: An In-Silico Approach
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant pathogen causing severe nosocomial infections, primarily associated with alterations in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that reduce the effectiveness of β- lactam antibiotics. Despite increasing interest in plant-derived bioactive compounds, the potential of oxygenated sesquiterpenes from Aquilaria malaccensis as inhibitors of PBPs remains underexplored, indicating a clear research gap. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of three oxygenated sesquiterpenes—Agaruspirol, Eudesmol, and Sinenofuranol—against PBP1a (3UE3) and PBP3 (3UDF). A systematic literature review (SLR) integrated with an in silico approach was conducted, including ligand retrieval from PubChem, ADMET prediction using ADMETlab 3.0, molecular docking using CB-Dock2, interaction analysis with UCSF ChimeraX and PLIP, and antibacterial activity prediction using PASS Online. The results showed that all compounds satisfied Lipinski’s rule of five and exhibited favorable ADMET profiles. Molecular docking demonstrated stable interactions with both PBPs, dominated by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Agaruspirol exhibited the strongest binding affinity toward PBP3 (–6.9 kcal/mol) and PBP1a (–6.5 kcal/mol), along with the highest predicted antibacterial activity (Pa = 0.364; Pi = 0.039). These findings suggest that oxygenated sesquiterpenes, particularly agaruspirol, have potential as lead compounds for the development of antibacterial agents targeting PBP-mediated resistance in A. baumannii, and provide a scientific basis for further in vitro and in vivo validation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yulianto Ade Prasetya, Triono Bagus Saputro, Yohanes Ardian Kapri Negara, Arif Luqman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Module-Based Hybrid Collaborative Learning in Tennis Learning within the MBKM Framework
This study aims to develop and evaluate a digital module for hybrid collaborative learning in a Lawn Tennis course within the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) framework. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design using the ADDIE model, involving 64 students from two universities selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using expert validation sheets, observation checklists, student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. Data analysis combined descriptive statistics and normalized gain (N-gain) analysis, supported by comparative analysis of pre-test and post-test results to measure learning improvement. The validation results indicated that the module achieved feasibility scores above 85% across all aspects, categorized as highly feasible.The implementation showed high engagement (85–95%). The N-gain score of 0.56 (moderate category) indicates a meaningful improvement in cognitive learning outcomes, with an average score of 78 and 75% mastery. Technical performance also improved, with an average score of 80%. These findings highlight that the module effectively improves both theoretical understanding and technical skills while supporting collaborative learning within the MBKM framework.
Copyright (c) 2026 Septian Raibowo, Eko Risdianto, Oddie Barnanda Rizky, Hendra Jondri Hiskya, Destriani, Muhammad Soleh Fudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Learning of Health Promotion Media to Achieve Quality Education Through Sustainable Development (SDGs).
Health promotion media is a communication tool designed to accelerate education towards sustainable development (SDGs) in the health sector. Digital learning is an option to reduce limitations in the learning process. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of knowledge of health promotion media before and after digital learning. The research method is a pre-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design without control. The number of samples was 38 Level I students in the odd semester of the 2026/2027 academic year, obtained by purposive sampling. The data collection method used a critical knowledge instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the normality test showed that the data were not normally distributed, with a Wilcoxon pairwise correlation test p-value <0.05, meaning there was a difference in the average ability of participants in knowledge of health promotion media before and after digital learning. The average grouping of student knowledge based on the N-Gain value ≥0.30, namely 0.33 - 1.00, concluded that students' abilities in knowledge of health promotion media after effective digital learning improved better (medium category). This is because digital learning is a supporting factor in the health education movement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asri Jumadewi, Fahmi Ichwansyah, Asmanidar, Putro Simeulu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Seismic Characteristics of Mount Agung during the October–November 2017 Period
Mount Agung, a prominent stratovolcano in Bali, Indonesia, exhibited a significant increase in volcanic activity between October and November 2017 after 54 years of dormancy. This study investigates the seismic characteristics of this unrest period using waveform and spectral analysis of data from three monitoring stations: Abang (ABNG), Cegi (CEGI), and Yeh Kori (YHKR). The results indicate that seismicity was dominated by intermediate-to-deep volcanic earthquakes (VA and VB types), reaching a peak on October 18, 2017, with 679 VA and 266 VB events recorded. Spectral analysis through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) revealed dominant frequencies ranging from 3.8 to 10.1 Hz, representing brittle failure mechanisms within the rigid volcanic edifice. A critical transition was observed in late November, where discrete high-frequency events declined and were replaced by continuous volcanic tremors, signaling a shift from a closed to an open magmatic system. This "seismic lull" accompanied by tremor signals, indicates the establishment of a stable conduit, facilitating magma migration toward the surface. These findings underscore the importance of spectral characteristics and event-type transitions as vital precursors for eruptive forecasting and volcanic hazard mitigation.
Copyright (c) 2026 W.T. Baskoro, I.K. Putra, N.N. Wendri, I.N. Artawan, V.C.W. Putri, S. Sismanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Islamic Value-Based Integration of the National Curriculum: A Model for Enhancing Science Learning in Islamic Boarding Schools
This study analyzes and formulates a model for integrating the Islamic values-based pesantren curriculum with the national curriculum at DDI Al-Munawwaroh Merauke. Many Islamic boarding schools struggle to balance religious education with national academic standards, resulting in curriculum overlap and excessive student learning burden. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation with key informants including school leadership, teachers, and students. Data analysis followed the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana interactive model, with validity verified through source and method triangulation. Findings indicate that curriculum integration is implemented systematically through structural and functional approaches encompassing planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating learning. Integration is realized through schedule synchronization, cross-curricular teacher collaboration, integrated teaching materials, and internalization of Islamic values across all subjects and activities. Unlike institutions that run religious and general curricula in parallel, the proposed model offers a structured, contextual strategy aligned with Merauke’s socio-cultural conditions. This produces a holistic, adaptive educational system meeting national standards while addressing local challenges. The study provides practical implications for Islamic boarding schools in developing effective curriculum integration strategies, confirming that planned and contextual integration successfully balances academic achievement with Islamic character formation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Een Junaenah, St. Wardah Hanafie Das, Rayamangsi, Abdul Halik, Muhammad Sain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Solid Medical Waste Management in Health Center
Waste is the residue that arises from various human activities. Kersik Tuo Community Health Center is one of the largest producers of solid medical waste out of the twenty-one Community Health Centers in Kerinci Regency in 2024, amounting to 272 kg. The purpose of this study was to determine input components such as planning, labor and facilities and infrastructure, to see process components such as sorting, transportation, temporary storage and destruction, and to obtain output components related to solid medical waste management at Kersik Tuo Community Health Center, Kerinci Regency. This research method was carried out with a qualitative approach that aims to examine more deeply regarding solid medical waste management. The data collection technique used primary data with the determination of nine informants and secondary data. The technical data analysis in this study used the SWOT analysis method. The results of the study indicate that the input components have not been fully implemented properly, such as planning, workforce and facilities and infrastructure, then the process components have not been implemented properly, especially sorting, transportation, and temporary storage, and the output components related to the management of solid medical waste have not fully complied with PermenLHK P.56 of 2015.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elfandra Fadhli Rabbi, Eri Barlian, Nurhasan Syah, Indang Dewata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design and Implementation of a Canva-Based Animation Video to Enhance Understanding of Food Webs in Elementary Science
This study aims to develop and implement instructional media in the form of Canva-based animated videos to improve students’ conceptual understanding of Food Webs in the Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subject for Grade V elementary school students. The development model employed is the Alessi & Trollip model, which consists of three main stages: planning, design, and development. The research subjects were Grade V students who participated in the learning process using the developed media. Research instruments included expert validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, and learning achievement tests in the form of pretests and posttests. The validation results indicate that the media achieved a very valid category, with an average score of 87.07%, covering language, content, and media aspects. Practicality testing conducted through individual trials and small group trials also showed very high results, with percentages of 97.33% and 74.40%, respectively. Effectiveness testing at the field trial stage revealed a significant improvement in students’ learning outcomes, with an average N-Gain score of 0.63, which falls into the moderate category. These findings demonstrate that Canva-based animated videos are effective in enhancing students’ conceptual understanding through the presentation of material that is visual, interactive, and contextual. Therefore, this instructional media is feasible to be implemented as an innovative alternative in IPAS learning at the elementary school level to strengthen concept mastery and increase students’ learning motivation
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuliana, Hartono, Masagus Mhd. Tibrani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Species Diversity, Conservation Status, and Policy Gaps of Landed Elasmobranchs at Ujungbatu Fish Landing Site, Jepara in Support of SDG 14 (Life Below Water)
This preliminary study aimed to identify species diversity and assess the conservation status of elasmobranchs landed at Ujungbatu Fish Landing Site (TPI Ujungbatu), Jepara, Central Java. Primary data were collected from July to August 2025 using purposive and opportunistic sampling methods. A total of 24 species were recorded - eight shark species and 16 ray species - from a total of 112 specimens. Conservation assessment revealed critical urgency: 36.61% of specimens (n=41) belonged to Critically Endangered (CR) species, including Sphyrna lewini, Aetomylaeus vespertilio, and three Rhynchobatus species from the family Rhinididae. Endangered (EN) and Vulnerable (VU) species collectively comprised 41.96% (n=47), while the remaining 21.43% (n=24) were Near Threatened or Least Concern. Overall, 78.57% of landed elasmobranchs belonged to threatened categories (CR+EN+VU). A significant policy gap was identified: only 42.86% of specimens were covered by CITES Appendices, while several Dasyatidae species classified as EN or VU remain inadequately regulated under international trade mechanisms, despite recent CoP19 (2022) listings. These findings underscore the urgent need for strengthened monitoring, species-specific management strategies, and improved harmonization between national policies and international conservation commitments to support SDG 14.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azzahra Aino Javidani, Yuniarti MS, Muhammad Ichsan, Titin Herawati, Yudi Nurul Ihsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Using Canva-Based Learning Media on Physics Education
This study aims to find out how effective learning is using Canva application-based learning media. This research is a research and development (R&D). Actually, there are ten stages of development, but in this study, the researcher only limited three stages in the development of Canva media, namely the planning stage, the development stage, and the trial stage. The test subjects in this study are students of Physics Education at Cenderawasih University. The data collection technique used in this study is in the form of a questionnaire or questionnaire in the form of a checklist. The data collected is in the form of quantitative data and qualitative data that is formed by words. The data analysis technique used in this study is descriptive. Based on the data analysis that has been carried out, students have responded well to the use of the Canva application. In this study, the researcher used 2 indicators in general, namely the effectiveness of learning and the learning process. The results of the analysis obtained were the percentage score for learning effectiveness of 79.46% in the good category, while for the presentation learning process obtained was 80.71 and in the good category. From the results of the analysis mentioned above, it can be said that the use of Canva-based learning media is good or effective in learning physics at Cenderawasih University.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Hajar, Silvia Anggri Wijaya, Umi Purnama, Hutry Handayani Isra, Mawardi Jalil Masri, Adeline Silaban https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Differences in Conjunctival Impression Cytology Profile, Interleukin-6 Levels in Tears, and Stages of Dry Eye Between Anophthalmic Socket and Contralateral Healthy Eye)
Dry eye is one of the symptoms that can be suffered by anophthalmic socket eye, which is related to changes in the conjunctival epithelium and inflammatory processes in the anophthalmic socket eye. This study aims to determine differences in the degree of conjunctival impression cytology, tear pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), and degree of a dry eye between the anophthalmic socket eye and the contralateral healthy eye. This research is a cross-sectional study. Seventeen patients with anophthalmic socket eyes underwent conjunctival impression cytology examination, assessed tear levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, Schirmer test examination, and filled in the Dry Eye Questioner-5 (DEQ-5). The examination was performed simultaneously on the anophthalmic socket eye and the contralateral healthy eye. This study showed a significant difference in conjunctival impression cytokine (p= 0.004) and a significant difference in tear pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels (p= 0.014). There was no significant difference (p=0.319) in the results of the Schirmer 1 test, but there was a significant difference in the Schirmer 2 test (p=0.0047). There is a significant difference in the value of the DEQ-5 questionnaire (p = 0.003). There were significant differences in conjunctival impression cytology, tear pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and degree of the dry eye between the anophthalmic socket eye and the contralateral healthy eye. Therefore, it is necessary to administer artificial tear drops to each patient with anophthalmic socket as a preventive measure for dry eye in the anophthalmic socket.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Aulia, Suliati Paduppai, Halimah Pagarra, Junaedi Sirajuddin, Rina Masadah, Rusdina Bte Ladju https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of STEM-PjBL Based E-Modules Assisted by Google Sites on Solar System Material in Grade VI Elementary School
This study aims to develop and test the feasibility of a STEM-Project Based Learning (STEM-PjBL) e-module on the Solar System material for sixth-grade elementary school students. The study used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Product feasibility was reviewed from the aspects of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The validity test was conducted by media experts, linguists, and material experts. The validation results showed that the e-module was in the very valid category, with a validity percentage of 88% for media experts, 97% for language experts, and 95% for material experts. The practicality of the e-module was assessed through a questionnaire of teacher and student responses in two elementary schools. The results of the practicality test showed a very positive response with a very practical category, both from teachers and students. The effectiveness of the e-module was analyzed based on the improvement in learning outcomes using the N-Gain score. The results showed an increase in understanding of the solar system concept, with an N-Gain value of 0.69 (medium category) and 0.77 (high category). These findings indicate that the STEM-PjBL-based e-module is effective in improving student learning outcomes and conceptual understanding. Therefore, the developed e-module is suitable for use as an innovative and contextual science learning medium in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sara Yuliasari; Risda Amini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model with a Metacognitive Approach on Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) and Learning Outcomes
The implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) supported by a metacognitive approach has the potential to not only improve student learning outcomes but also develop Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) abilities. This study aims to examine the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model with a metacognitive approach on student learning outcomes and self-regulated learning on Virus material. The study used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects consisted of two classes, namely the experimental class given PBL treatment with a metacognitive approach, and the control class using the discovery learning model. Data analysis used an independent sample t-test and Pearson product moment with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the study on the effect of the application of PBL with a metacognitive approach on learning outcomes showed a sig. 0.00 <0.05. The results of the study on SRL showed that it was in the sufficient category. The results of the study on the relationship between SRL and learning outcomes showed a sig. 0.00 <0.05. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that the application of the PBL model with a metacognitive approach has an effect on students' SRL abilities and learning outcomes. The SRL category of students in the experimental class was higher than that of the control class and was in the sufficient category. There is a significant relationship between SRL and student learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Selvia Damayanti, Hafnati Rahmatan, Andi Ulfa Tenri Pada, Cut Nurmaliah, Samingan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Interactive Digital Student Worksheets for IPAS Learning on Plant Parts for Fourth Grade Elementary School Students
This study aims to develop and evaluate a digital Student Worksheet (LKPD) for IPAS learning on the topic of plant parts for fourth-grade elementary school students. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach, which included the stages of needs analysis, design, development, and product testing. Expert validation was conducted by subject-matter experts, media experts, and language experts to assess the feasibility of the content, visual design, language use, and usability of the digital LKPD. Practicality testing was carried out through one-to-one evaluation and small group testing, while effectiveness was analyzed by comparing pretest and posttest scores and calculating students’ N-gain values. The results indicate that the digital LKPD demonstrates a high level of validity and practicality, with the content, media, and language aspects categorized as very valid, and good ease of use and acceptability observed in the practicality tests. Analysis of learning outcomes shows an increase in students’ average scores from pretest to posttest, with the average N-gain falling into the high category, indicating that the digital LKPD supports students’ conceptual understanding of plant parts. This study concludes that the use of digital LKPD can serve as an alternative interactive learning medium that promotes active student engagement; however, further testing on other subject matter and with larger samples is needed to strengthen these findings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nopi Nopa Sari, Sri Sumarni, Cecil Hiltrimartin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Stakeholder Power, Conflict Dynamics, and Sustainable Urban Spring Governance in the Framework of the Sustainable Development Goals
Urbanization pressures and land conversion in Probolinggo City in recent years have increased the risk of discharge reduction and degradation of recharge zones at three main springs: Senthong, Grinting/Sumber Wetan, and Umbul/Ganesha. This study aims to analyze the distribution of power, interests, and conflicts in urban spring conservation. The approach used is a qualitative case study through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and policy document analysis. The analysis is grounded in Stakeholder Theory using a power–interest matrix instrument to map actor configurations and their relational dynamics. The findings indicate that local government and the water distribution operator (PDAM) occupy dominant positions (high power), while business actors fall into the category of powerful beneficiaries. In contrast, local communities have high interests but low power. This pattern produces pseudo-collaboration practices, in which communities are only involved at the socialization or ceremonial stage, with no role in determining tariff policies, distribution allocation, or conservation priorities. This imbalance triggers latent conflict between exploitation-oriented interests and ecosystem protection agendas. The study concludes that spring conservation requires a governance design that corrects power asymmetry through the establishment of formally legalized cross-actor collaborative forums and the granting of community-based management rights over recharge areas as a mechanism for strengthening substantive participation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurkholis, Mohammad Khusaini, Maharani Pertiwi Koentjoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategy for the Development of Waste Management at Padang State University
As centers of academic activity, universities generate significant waste volumes requiring systematic and sustainable management. This research aims to analyze the current state of waste management at Universitas Negeri Padang (UNP) across technical-operational, socio-institutional, economic, and regulatory dimensions; assess the participation level of the academic community; and formulate an efficient, sustainable development strategy. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data were gathered through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation studies. The strategic framework was developed using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis, supported by Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) and External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS) matrices. The findings reveal that UNP’s current waste management remains conventional (collect-transport-dispose), handling 1.5 to 2 tons daily without integrated source-sorting. SWOT analysis identified strong internal legal foundations and a large human resource pool as primary strengths, while the conventional system and low community participation constitute main weaknesses. Although external threats include public apathy and landfill dependency, significant opportunities exist through governmental regulatory support and potential collaborations. With an IFAS score of 1.1 and an EFAS score of 0.29, UNP is positioned in the aggressive strategy (SO) quadrant. Furthermore, economic valuation indicates a potential daily revenue of IDR 1,545,100 from recyclable waste, highlighting the viability of an integrated system. To achieve sustainable management, UNP must leverage its internal strengths to seize external opportunities. The study recommends a transition from conventional methods to an integrated model by strengthening internal regulations, optimizing 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) infrastructure, implementing sustainable education programs, and fostering multi-stakeholder partnerships.
Copyright (c) 2026 Widian Ningrum; Indang Dewata, Nurhasan Syah, Aulia Azhar; Dewi Rahmadani Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Attractant Ratios to Attract Insects in the Clove Plant Ecosystem in West Langowan District, Minahasa
The purpose of this study was to examine insects trapped using bioethanol-methanol attractant traps, examine the types of clove plant pests, natural enemies, detritivores, and pollinators, and calculate insect diversity in the clove plant ecosystem. The research was conducted in Manembo Village, West Langowan District. This study used a qualitative method with bioethanol-methanol traps as attractants to capture insects in the clove plantation ecosystem. The location was divided into two areas, and the attractant traps were placed randomly. The results showed that 12 orders were identified: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Blattodea, Orthoptera, Odonata, Neuroptera, Thysanoptera, Arachnida, and Acariformes. The population abundance at Location A was 1063 individuals, and at Location B, 748 individuals. The diversity analysis results showed that H' was still classified as moderate, which was influenced by the lack of a dominant family in clove plantations. The dominance index () indicated that no insects were highly dominant in clove plantations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deflly Ansye Shilfana Turang, Frangky H. Rorong, Robert W. Tairas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Antioxidant Functional Beverage from Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) and Stevia Leaves (Stevia rebaudiana) for Diabetes Prevention
Diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease closely associated with oxidative stress, with a high prevalence in Indonesia reaching 19.5 million cases in 2021. Stevia leaves and soursop leaves have an antioxidant composition with the ability to protect humans from free radicals and prevent oxidation. Soursop leaves and stevia leaves are one contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antihyperglycemic properties, making them potential ingredients for functional beverages. This study aimed to formulate a herbal tea combining soursop and stevia leaves and to evaluate its bioactive content, product quality, toxicity, and antihyperglycemic effectiveness. Three formulation ratios (75%:25%, 50%:50%, and 25%:75%) and brewing times of 3, 5, and 7 minutes were investigated. The evaluated parameters included total soluble solids, color intensity, pH, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, sensory characteristics, and heavy metal contamination analyzed using ICP-OES. The best formulation was obtained at a 25%:75% ratio with a brewing time of 7 minutes. The selected product was further assessed for toxicity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and for antihyperglycemic activity in alloxan-induced male mice, with ethical approval No. 1306/KEPK/USU/2025. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). The BSLT results showed an LC₅₀ value of 562 ppm, indicating low toxicity. In the antihyperglycemic test, a dose of 5.6 mg/kg body weight resulted in the greatest reduction in blood glucose levels (46.15%). Overall, the herbal tea combining soursop and stevia leaves was found to be safe and demonstrated potential as a functional beverage for diabetes prevention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jojor Indriani Samosir, Hotnida Sinaga, Eko Kornelius https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing a Meaningful Learning Module Integrating Wasaka Character to Promote Environmental Awareness
Integrating local wisdom into learning is considered an effective strategy to strengthen character education and support meaningful learning. However, the integration of local cultural values into environmental learning materials for elementary school students remains limited. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a meaningful learning-based module integrating the Wasaka character (Waja Sampai Kaputing) to enhance students’ environmental awareness and environmental care attitudes. This study employed a Design-Based Research (DBR) approach adapted from Reeves’ model, consisting of problem analysis, solution development, iterative implementation, and reflection. The participants were 60 fifth-grade students of SDN Handil Bakti, Barito Kuala Regency, Indonesia. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, environmental awareness questionnaires, environmental care attitude scales, learning outcome tests, and teacher and student response questionnaires. The results showed that the developed module achieved high validity, with material validation of 91.42%, media validation of 88.57%, and language validation of 92%, indicating that the module was feasible for classroom implementation. The implementation results also showed positive learning outcomes and high levels of students’ environmental awareness and environmental care attitudes. These findings indicate that integrating meaningful learning with local cultural values can support environmental character education in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhsinah Annisa, Fadhlan Muchlas Abrori, Teguh Prasetio, Rusmansyah, Herti Prastitasari, Eka Cahya Sari Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determination of Food Crop Prices Based on Farmers' Exchange Rates in West Tojo
The agricultural sector plays a strategic role in regional development, particularly in food security, job creation, and economic growth. In Tojo Una-Una Regency, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries accounted for 38.78% of the regional Gross Domestic Product in 2023; however, this contribution has not yet fully translated into improved farmer welfare. This study aims to determine food crop prices using the Farmer’s Price Index in Tojo Barat Subdistrict. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed using primary data from 35 rice farmers selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, interviews, and field observations. The determination of food crop prices was analyzed by calculating the price index received by farmers (IT), the price index paid by farmers (Ib), and the resulting FPR. The results of the study indicate that production costs increased by 9.04%, household food expenditures by 23.66%, and farmers’ income by 10.94%, resulting in income growth of 12.07%. The calculated IT was 112.35, and Ib was 111.84, resulting in an FPR value of 100.46. This indicates a marginal surplus with limited improvements in welfare. The narrow gap between IT and Ib indicates high vulnerability to price fluctuations. Policy interventions focused on input subsidies, price stabilization, and market access are needed to ensure the sustainable well-being of farmers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yulianti Kalaba, Erny, Ayu Arini, Adinda Elfara Rizki Adam, Wira Hatmi, Mukhlis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Extreme Rainfall Indices Trends in Indonesia During 1971-2020
This study investigates changes in the intensity, frequency, and duration of extreme rainfall events across Indonesia over the past 3 to 5 decades (1971–2020). Daily rainfall data of 172 Indonesian meteorological stations were examined, and only stations with more than 30 years of data were selected. This filtering process resulted in 101 validated time series used to calculate a subset of extreme rainfall indices based on ETCCDI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices) standards. The analysis focuses on six main indices: PRCPTOT (total annual rainfall), SDII (average daily rainfall intensity), CWD (number of consecutive rainy days), R95p (percentile-based extreme rainfall), RX5day (cumulative maximum rainfall in 5 consecutive days) and CDD (number of consecutive dry days). The indices were computed using R programming, following the algorithm implemented in the RClimDex v1.0 software. Rainfall trends based on these indices were assessed using a non-parametric statistical framework, specifically the Mann–Kendall (MK) test in conjunction with Sen’s Slope Estimator. In cases where significant autocorrelation was present in the data, the Modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) test was applied to ensure the robustness of the trend analysis. Comparative analysis with previous studies shows that, while overall rainfall trends are broadly consistent, the slope values in this research have substantially narrower range. PRCPTOT ranged from −29.64 to 101.02 mm/decade compared to the earlier study (−140.31 to 449.26 mm/decade), and SDII exhibited weaker trends (−0.11 to 0.16 mm/day), indicating less pronounced intensification. Similarly, CDD, CWD, RX5day, and R95p displayed more moderate changes, this moderation may be attributed to the more recent reference period, which reflects climate dynamics that differ from those observed in earlier decades. These findings highlight the influence of methodological and spatial differences and emphasize the need for sustained monitoring to inform climate adaptation and mitigation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tugiyo Aminoto, Nova Susanti, Rahma Dani, Akhmad Faqih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Ethnoecology into Project-Based Learning for Sustainable Development: Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Restoration and Pro-Environmental Behaviour in Students
Global conservation challenges demand a shift in environmental management towards cultural values and ecological reciprocity. This study aims to examine the medium-term impact of the Ethnoecology Project-Based Learning (E-PjBL) model in restoring students' focused attention and pro-environmental behaviour sustainability within three months after the intervention. This study uses a Quasi-Experimental design with a pretest–posttest–follow-up control group design. The sample involved 80 tenth-grade high school students divided into an experimental group (E-PjBL) and a control group. The experimental group implemented a Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) exploration project for 14 weeks, while the control group used conventional methods. The results of the Mixed ANOVA analysis showed a highly significant interaction between time and group on cognitive restoration ($p < 0.001$). The experimental group showed a dramatic increase in directed attention scores from 66.1 on the pre-test to 82.3 at the follow-up stage, with moderate effectiveness (N-Gain Score 0.48). In contrast, the control group only achieved an N-Gain of 0.09 (low). Furthermore, the pro-environmental behaviour of the experimental group proved to be continuously internalised, as seen from the continuous increase in scores from the post-test (78.0) to the follow-up (81.4). The integration of local wisdom in E-PjBL proved to be effective as a transformative instrument for building a lasting conservation character and restoring mental fatigue in adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vivin Elfitriyah, Kusumaningrat, Nurasyah Dewi Napitupulu, I Komang Werdhiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Utilization of Corn Cob (Zea mays L.) as Raw Material Eco-Friendly Bioethanol
The use of agricultural waste as an alternative energy source represents a strategic solution to address energy crises and environmental challenges. Corn cobs (Zea mays L.), often regarded as low-value agricultural residues, possess significant potential as a bioethanol feedstock due to their high lignocellulosic content. This study aims to analyze the potential of corn cobs as a raw material for environmentally friendly bioethanol production through hydrolysis and fermentation processes. The research employed an experimental approach consisting of material pretreatment, lignocellulosic hydrolysis to convert cellulose and hemicellulose into fermentable sugars, and fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the bioethanol-producing microorganism. Bioethanol yield and production efficiency were evaluated to determine feasibility and performance. The findings indicate that corn cobs can produce bioethanol in competitive yields compared with other lignocellulosic feedstocks. The hydrolysis process effectively increased reducing sugar content, supporting optimal fermentation performance. In addition to technical feasibility, the utilization of corn cobs offers ecological advantages, including the reduction of agricultural waste accumulation and lower carbon emissions. Since corn cobs do not compete with food resources, their use aligns with renewable energy development strategies and circular economy principles. Corn cobs demonstrate strong potential as a sustainable and environmentally friendly bioethanol feedstock. Optimizing production efficiency at an industrial scale and strengthening policy support are recommended to enhance the development and commercialization of agricultural waste-based bioenergy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Husainah Yusuf, Muhammad Ridhwan, Azwir, Almukarramah, Erdi Surya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Satisfaction on Telepharmacy Application Use in Indonesia
The study was conducted to describe user satisfaction of web-based technology applications (user satisfaction), the use of web-based technology applications (application use) and the influence of user satisfaction on application use. Data collection used a questionnaire in the form of a Google form distributed to 30 respondents. The results of the regression test on the user satisfaction and application use variables obtained a constant value (a) of 7.388 and a user satisfaction coefficient of 0.569 so that the regression model is: Y = a + bX or 7.388 + 0.569X. A positive constant value of 7.388 indicates a positive influence of the user satisfaction variable or if the user satisfaction variable increases, the application use variable will also increase. The regression coefficient X of 0.569 states that if user satisfaction increases by 1 unit, then application use (Y) will increase by 0.569 or 56.9%. The results of the regression test on the user satisfaction and application use variables also obtained an F count of 4.209 and a significance level of 0.007. These results also indicate that the regression equation can be used to predict the application use variable. User satisfaction can be used to measure the success of using information technology-based applications (application use) and has a strong influence on application use.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mulyo Wiharto, Rina Anindita, Ety Nurhayati, Sumartono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Calibration and Evaluation of GPM Satellite Rainfall for Estimating Annual Maximum Rainfall at Ungauged Sites in the Rea Watershed
Limited rain gauge coverage and uneven station distribution remain major challenges for hydrological analysis in ungauged watersheds. This study calibrated and evaluated GPM IMERG satellite rainfall for estimating annual maximum daily rainfall (AMS) in the Rea Watershed, Indonesia. AMS data from four rain gauge stations (Tepas, Taliwang, Seteluk, and Pototano) were used as ground observations, while nine GPM grid cells represented spatial rainfall over the watershed. A rainfall-range-based multiplicative correction was applied using gauge–satellite AMS pairs. Performance was evaluated using Percent Bias (PBIAS), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Sum of Squared Errors (SSE), followed by leave-one-station-out (LOSO) validation. Uncorrected GPM data showed systematic underestimation, with PBIAS of -17.7%, RMSE of 66.64 mm, and MAE of 48.67 mm. After optimized correction, PBIAS shifted to +13.8% and MAE slightly improved to 47.97 mm, but RMSE increased to 75.82 mm and SSE to 201,213 mm2. These results indicate that the correction reduced bias but did not improve overall accuracy. LOSO validation produced RMSE values of 50.83-72.13 mm, indicating sensitivity to station omission. Overall, GPM rainfall can support preliminary AMS estimation in ungauged areas, but its application should be treated cautiously because of persistent uncertainty in extreme rainfall estimation.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gusti Ngurah Ketut Udara, Heri Sulistiyono, Hartana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Birth Ball Exercise and Lemon Aromatherapy on Cortisol Levels in Pregnant Women
Pregnancy is a natural and physiological condition. During pregnancy, various changes occur in the body due to the hormones estrogen and progesterone, which affect both the physical and psychological conditions of the mother. Anxiety during pregnancy is an emotional reaction related to the mother's concerns about her baby. Persistent anxiety can affect the sympathetic nervous system and the release of the stress hormone cortisol. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of birth ball exercise and lemon aromatherapy on cortisol levels in pregnant women. This study employed a posttest-only control group approach in a quasi-experimental design. Thirty third-trimester pregnant women who engaged in pregnancy exercises made up the study sample; they were chosen using purposive sampling. For four weeks, the respondents in the intervention group received the lemon aromatherapy and birth ball exercise twice a week for forty-five minutes each. A questionnaire with respondent characteristics and a cortisol level column were part of the research tool. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used for data analysis. The average cortisol levels in the intervention group and the control group differed significantly, as indicated by the results, which showed p = 0.000. This indicates that cortisol levels in third-trimester pregnant women are considerably impacted by lemon aromatherapy and birth ball exercise. cortisol levels are lowered by the physiological and psychological effects of the birth ball exercise and lemon aromatherapy, which relax the body and calm the mind. Pregnant women may benefit from combining lemon aromatherapy with birth ball exercise to lower anxiety levels and avoid excessive cortisol elevation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wenny Indah Purnama Eka Sari, Kurniyati, Yusniarita, Ida Mardalena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainability Evaluation of Lake Batur Management in Bali Province: A Multidimensional Scaling Approach
Lake Batur has been designated as one of Indonesia's 15 priority lakes to be restored due to significant anthropogenic pressures from aquaculture, agriculture, tourism, and domestic waste. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sustainability status of Lake Batur management through rapid appraisal techniques combined with a multidimensional scaling (MDS) approach using 18 attributes representing three dimensions, namely ecological, social, and economic dimensions. Data was collected from structured interviews with village leaders, field surveys, and secondary data from PODES 2024 and related agencies. Sustainability status varies significantly between villages and dimensions. In the ecological dimension, three villages showed a less sustainable status (32.75-45.53), while five villages achieved a fairly sustainable level (56.11-62.55). In the social dimension, four villages had a fairly sustainable status (51.04-64.87) and four villages had a less sustainable status (30.86-49.93). The results of the analysis on the economic dimension showed that five villages had a fairly sustainable status (51.39-65.68), two villages had a less sustainable status (33.33-39.90), and one village was not sustainable (22.60). Based on the leverage analysis, the flood frequency attribute is the most sensitive attribute in the ecological dimension, while in the social and economic dimensions, respectively, it lies in population density and the number of MSMEs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Santi Arifani Kholida, Sri Mulatsih, Wonny Ahmad Ridwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of the Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create (RADEC) Learning Model Assisted by SIPEMA on the Critical Thinking Skills of Fifth Grade Elementary School Students in the Respiratory System
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the RADEC learning model assisted by SIPEMA, an Augmented Reality-based medium, in improving elementary school students’ critical thinking skills on the human respiratory system topic. A quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group was employed, involving an experimental class using the RADEC model and a control class using the Discovery Learning model. Both groups were supported by SIPEMA to control the influence of learning media. Critical thinking skills were measured using pretest and posttest instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive and non-parametric inferential statistics. The Shapiro–Wilk test indicated non-normal data distribution. Therefore, non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney U) were applied. The results showed a significant improvement in both groups (p < 0.05). The median scores increased more substantially in the experimental class compared to the control class. The N-Gain score in the experimental class (0.66) was higher than in the control class (0.42). Furthermore, the Mann–Whitney U test revealed a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.01). These findings indicate that the RADEC model assisted by SIPEMA is more effective than Discovery Learning in improving students’ critical thinking skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nafisa Alfazuri, Dewi Nilam Tyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Processing and Characterization of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)-Based Biocomposite Filaments Reinforced with Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
The growing demand for sustainable materials in additive manufacturing has driven interest in biocomposite filaments reinforced with natural fillers. In this study, ABS-based biocomposite filaments reinforced with oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) microfibrillated cellulose were successfully fabricated using a single-screw extrusion process. The OPEFB cellulose content was varied from 0 to 30 wt.% to evaluate its effect on filament dimensional stability, morphology, and chemical structure. Filament extrusion was performed at a processing temperature of 220 °C and an extrusion speed of 850 to ensure stable melt flow and minimize thermal degradation. The results show that the filament diameter remained relatively stable within the range of 2.50-2.80 mm across all compositions, indicating good dimensional control during extrusion. This study highlights the novelty of successfully fabricating ABS-based biocomposite filaments reinforced with OPEFB microfibrillated cellulose using a simple process. SEM analysis revealed that low OPEFB content (2 wt.%) resulted in uniform filler dispersion and good interfacial bonding, while higher filler loadings led to increased porosity, agglomeration, and surface roughness, which may adversely affect filament quality and printability. The current findings demonstrate that OPEFB can enhance filament characteristics even at low composition scales. The presented results are comprehensive enough for initial filament characterization, including dimensional stability, morphology, and chemical structure, which adds to the interest of this study and has not been previously presented. FTIR analysis confirmed that no chemical modification occurred between the ABS matrix and OPEFB cellulose, with interactions dominated by physical bonding. Overall, the findings demonstrate that ABS-OPEFB biocomposite filaments with low to moderate cellulose content can be effectively produced and show potential for fused deposition modeling applications, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional ABS filaments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Handika Dany Rahmayanti, Rakha Amanta Pradipa, Nurul Akmalia, Haryasena Gusti Andayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determination of Chlorine Levels in Commercial Wheat Flour from Bekasi Market Using UV–Vis Spectrophotometry
Wheat flour is a widely consumed food ingredient produced from the processing of wheat (Triticum spp.) and commonly used as a raw material for various food products. In some processing practices, chlorine may be used as a bleaching agent to produce a whiter flour appearance. However, excessive chlorine levels in food may pose potential health risks. This study aimed to determine the presence and concentration of chlorine levels in wheat flour circulating in traditional markets in Bekasi and to evaluate whether the detected levels comply with the maximum residue limit established in BPOM Regulation No. 28 of 2019 concerning processing aids in food processing, which sets the maximum chlorine residue at 1 mg/kg. A total of nine wheat flour samples were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. The samples were first extracted using chlorine-free water, followed by qualitative analysis based on color changes and quantitative determination using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer with N,N Diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) reagent. The qualitative results showed that seven out of nine samples were positive for chlorine levels. Quantitative analysis indicated that seven samples exceeded the permitted limit, with the highest level of 9.44 mg/kg found in sample A2. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring chlorine levels in wheat flour to ensure food safety and consumer protection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitriani, Shiva Deviana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Science of Sustainability Approach in Halal Tourism Development Based on the Useful Power of the Malay Community in Palembang
This research investigates the construction of halal tourism development grounded in the sustainability science approach, specifically leveraging the useful power (daya guna) of the Malay community in Palembang, Indonesia. While halal tourism has grown globally, existing models often prioritize commercial metrics over substantive religious values and local cultural wisdom. This study employs a qualitative phenomenological approach to analyze how the Malay community constructs the meaning of "halal" within their socio-cultural context. The results indicate that sustainable halal tourism requires integrating Islamic principles with local Malay identity, encapsulated in the philosophy "Sondok Piyogo: Adat Dipangku, Syariat Dijunjung." A conceptual model is proposed wherein community empowerment serves as the central variable for economic resilience and cultural preservation. The study concludes that halal tourism must transcend marketing gimmicks to become a vehicle for human welfare (maqasid al-shariah), ensuring ecological, social, and economic sustainability through active community participation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Amiin Fauzi, Ris'an Rusli, Heri Junaidi, Hilda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Game-Based Learning on Learning Motivation and Critical Thinking Skills in Elementary Science and Social Studies (IPAS)
This study aims to analyze the effect of Game-Based Learning (GBL) integrated with pop-up media on students’ learning motivation and critical thinking skills in elementary IPAS learning. This study employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental design with a One-Group Pretest–Posttest model. The participants consisted of 19 fifth-grade students selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected using a learning motivation questionnaire and a critical thinking skills test, both of which were validated and tested for reliability. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the paired sample t-test, and effect size analysis.The results showed that there was a significant increase in both learning motivation and critical thinking skills after the implementation of Game-Based Learning. The paired sample t-test revealed a significance value of p < 0.001, indicating a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. Furthermore, the effect size analysis indicated a very high category, demonstrating that the intervention had a strong practical impact. These findings suggest that Game-Based Learning creates an engaging and interactive learning environment that promotes active participation and supports higher-order thinking processes. In conclusion, Game-Based Learning integrated with pop-up media is an effective instructional strategy for improving both learning motivation and critical thinking skills in elementary education. This approach contributes to the development of cognitive and affective competencies aligned with the demands of 21st-century learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Supiyah, Fauzan Adhim, Hariyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Interactive Learning E-Modules in Geography Subjects in High School
This research aims to develop an interactive learning e-module in the Geography class XI phase F of high school and test the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the developed product. This research uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE development model which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects involved media experts, material experts, linguists, Geography teachers, and grade XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Padang Gelugur. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The data was analyzed descriptively, qualitatively, and quantitatively. The results of the study showed that the interactive learning e-module developed had a validity rate of 89.33% with a very feasible category. The practicality test showed a very practical category, with a percentage of 92% of teachers and 89.6% of students. The effectiveness test through the N-Gain calculation obtained a value of 0.58 (58%) which is in the effective category, showing an increase in student learning outcomes after using the e-module. Thus, the interactive learning e-module developed is declared valid, practical, and effective and suitable for use as a Geography learning medium in high school, especially in Natural Resources Management and its influence on life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lilis Suryani, Alwen Bentri, Zelhendri Zen, Mutiara Felicita Amsal, Rayendra, Leni Zahara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antioxidant Effectiveness and Phenolic Content of Saga Seed (Adenanthera pavonina) Extracts In Vitro Using DPPH and ABTS Methods
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of various degenerative diseases, highlighting the need for safe and effective natural antioxidants. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of saga seed (Adenanthera pavonina) extracts using DPPH and ABTS assays and to examine their relationship with total phenolic content (TPC). An in vitro experimental study with a quantitative approach was conducted. The extraction process was performed using maceration with 95% methanol and 95% ethanol as solvents. Antioxidant activity was determined based on IC₅₀ values, while TPC was analyzed using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and expressed as mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract. The results demonstrated that the methanolic extract exhibited stronger antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ DPPH = 86.43 ppm; IC₅₀ ABTS = 54.07 ppm) compared to the ethanolic extract (IC₅₀ DPPH = 99.11 ppm; IC₅₀ ABTS = 72.41 ppm). The methanolic extract also showed a higher TPC value (319.90 mg GAE/g) than the ethanolic extract (194.33 mg GAE/g).
Copyright (c) 2026 Yenni Yendriani, Djufri, Safrida S, Vivera Ruselli Puspa, Zumaidar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model on Biodiversity Material to Foster Knowledge of Students at Takengon State Senior High School 6
Project-Based Learning (PjBL) is an active and innovative learning model that can improve students' understanding of complex concepts in biology. This study aims to analyze the application of the PjBL model in biodiversity material and its impact on the knowledge of 10th grade high school students. The research method used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of 55 students divided into two groups: an experimental group (28 students) using the PjBL model and a control group (27 students) using a conventional learning model. The results showed a significant difference between the learning outcomes of the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). The average posttest score of the experimental group (85.2) was higher than that of the control group (74.6). The PjBL model proved to be effective in fostering students' knowledge of biodiversity through authentic and contextual learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kismayeni, Ibrahim, Nurul Akmal, Muhammad Ridhwan, Azwir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of the IPBA-Ecolisa Module to Improve Logical and Critical Thinking Skills
This study examines the effectiveness of Earth and Space Science modules integrated with eco-pedagogy and science literacy (IPBA-EcoLisa) in improving students’ logical and critical thinking skills. A pre-test–post-test design was employed with 43 prospective physics teacher students. Data were collected using validated instruments measuring logical and critical thinking abilities and analyzed using N-Gain scores. The results indicate a moderate improvement in logical thinking skills (N-Gain = 0.36), particularly in students’ ability to apply patterns and rules to predict Earth and Space Science issues. Critical thinking skills demonstrated a significant improvement (N-Gain = 0.52), with the most notable gains observed in the Basic Support and Basic Clarification indicators. These findings suggest that integrating eco-pedagogy and science literacy within IPBA learning effectively strengthens higher-order thinking skills while fostering environmental awareness. In conclusion, the IPBA-EcoLisa module represents a promising instructional approach for supporting sustainable science education and enhancing essential cognitive competencies in physics education students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurasyah Dewi Napitupulu, Miftah, I Wayan Darmadi, Muhammad Jarnawi, Rizki Ilmaniah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation System for Cluster Analysis and Data Sentiment Using the K-Means Method to Determine the Most Discussed Topics
The Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement (CARE) government rule, that is currently a matter of public concern, was implemented in 2021. Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement (CARE) highlights the community's pros and cons. Twitter and YouTube are social media that facilitate direct user expression. The material offered on social media platforms Twitter and YouTube is likewise quite diversified. Therefore, an automatic approach for topic detection is required, such as Mini Batch K-means Clustering, which facilitates user access to information. This study employs the Mini Batch method, which utilizes just a limited set of data for the clustering procedure. Based on testing with the Sum of Squared Error, this study's clustering results for tweet data including the phrase Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement (CARE) produced 12 cluster groups. The clustering results will be represented using Word Cloud, and the system will display the percentage of words based on Word Cloud.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wanra Tarigan, Djoni, Thamrin, Lismardiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainability of Smallholder Beef Cattle Farming Business in Dryland Areas: Enhancing Zero Hunger and Climate Action
Climate change is an environmental issue and a major concern for the global community, impacting various sectors, including the livestock sector. This study aims to assess the sustainability of smallholder beef cattle farming businesses in dryland areas affected by climate change in Tambakrejo District, Bojonegoro Regency. The research method is a quantitative descriptive, involving direct field surveys and interviews with smallholder farmers. A total of 100 respondents were purposively selected with the criteria active members of a farmers’ group and having ≥ 1 cattle. The data analysis used was Rapfish with five dimensions, namely the ecological, economic, social, technological, and legal and institutional dimensions that are customized to the specific research area to provide an accurate representation of the present state. The results show that the ecological, economic, and technological dimensions are in quite sustainable category, and the social and legal and institutional dimensions are in highly sustainable category. Climate change affects forage and water availability, and drought frequency affects the sustainability score. Addressing these challenges requires enhanced ecological, financial support, and appropriate policy interventions. This study provides insights into resilience strategies for smallholder beef cattle farming aligned with SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) in Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2026 Arsalan Fadlan Aziz, Budi Hartono, Nanang Febrianto, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti, Eko Nugroho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimizing Irrigation Water Distribution to Maximize Agricultural Profits Using a Deterministic Dynamic Model in the Ameroro Irrigation District, Konawe Regency
Limited irrigation water availability constrains irrigation management and reduces agricultural profitability. This study aims to maximize agricultural profit by optimizing irrigation water distribution using a deterministic dynamic programming model in the Ameroro Irrigation Area, Konawe Regency, Indonesia. The model was structured with planting seasons as stages, irrigation water availability as the state variable, and water allocation as the decision variable. The objective function maximized total profit based on cultivated land area under a rice–rice–secondary crops cropping pattern across a total irrigated area of 2,100 ha. Model constraints included dependable discharge, seasonal water availability, crop water requirements, and land area limitations. In the existing condition, agricultural profit reached IDR 37.4 billion in planting season I, IDR 37.4 billion in planting season II, and IDR 8.6 billion in planting season III, totaling IDR 83.4 billion annually. After optimization, profits increased to IDR 42.03 billion, IDR 44.07 billion, and IDR 12.90 billion, respectively, resulting in a total annual profit of IDR 99.00 billion. The results indicate that deterministic dynamic programming improves water allocation efficiency and increases agricultural profit without additional water resources, supporting sustainable irrigation management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yongki Adi Saputra, Lily Montarcih Limantara, Anggara Wiyono Wit Saputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Assemblr Edu-Based Augmented Reality Learning Media to Improve Learning Outcomes of Fifth Grade Students at SDN Kalibanteng Kidul 01
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR) learning media developed using the Assemblr Edu application for teaching food chain concepts in Grade V elementary school IPAS learning. This research uses a development approach with the ADDIE model with qualitative and quantitative methods. Quantitative data were obtained through pretest and posttest scores, while qualitative Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires, interviews and observations. The effectiveness of the AR learning media was analyzed using a normality test, paired sample t-test, and N-Gain analysis. The results showed that the pretest and posttest data were normally distributed. The paired sample t-test revealed a significant difference between students’ learning outcomes before and after using the AR learning media. N-Gain analysis showed moderate to high level improvements in student learning outcomes. In addition, classical mastery learning increased substantially after the implementation of the media. The results of this study show that AR-based learning media using Assemblr Edu is effective in improving elementary school students' understanding of the concept of the food chain. Therefore, the AR learning media developed can be used as an alternative innovative learning method in science learning. particularly for abstract topics that require concrete and interactive visualization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eprilia Hesvina, Eka Titi Andaryani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Smart App Creator–Based Learning Media as an Innovation to Improve Student Learning Outcomes for Achieving Quality Education
Dance is an essential component of Arts, Culture, and Crafts (SBdP) learning in primary schools, including traditional regional dances such as the Denok Semarangan dance from Semarang, Central Java. This study aimed to develop and evaluate Smart App Creato based learning media for teaching Denok Semarangan dance to improve students’ learning outcomes. The research employed a research and development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subjects were 31 fifth-grade students of SDN Wonosari 03, Semarang City. Expert validation showed that the media was highly feasible, with average scores of 92.00% from material experts and 88.50% from media experts. Effectiveness testing indicated significant improvements in learning outcomes. In the cognitive domain, paired t-test results showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.05), with N-Gain values of 0.65 (medium category) in the small group and 0.74 (high category) in the large group. In the psychomotor domain, students’ performance increased from 81.50% to 85.20%. In the affective domain, student attitude questionnaire results showed a positive response with an average score of 86.40%. These findings conclude that SAC-based Denok Semarangan dance learning media is effective in improving cognitive, psychomotor, and affective learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shafira Ratu Sekartaji Putri Kediri, Atip Nurharini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Designing E-Learning-Based IPAS Learning Tools Using Flipbook Media
IPAS learning in elementary schools, which integrates natural and social science content, requires innovative learning media that support interactive, contextual, and digital-based learning in accordance with the Merdeka Curriculum. However, learning tools used by teachers are still limited and have not optimally utilized e-learning media. Digital learning media is a technology-based means that allow the presentation of information in a multimodal manner through text, images, audio, video, animation, and interactivity. This study aims to describe the process of designing e-learning-based IPAS learning tools for Grade V elementary school using flipbook media based on the teaching module “How to Form My Indonesia”, which emphasizes geographical content. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach through several stages, including teaching module analysis, content design, learning tool structuring, and flipbook media development. Data were obtained through document analysis and the study of learning characteristics of elementary IPAS. The results indicate that the designed flipbook integrates learning objectives, core learning activities, learning videos, digital worksheets (LKPD), and assessments in a structured and interactive format. The flipbook facilitates teachers in delivering material and supports students’ independent learning. This design contributes to improving the quality of e-learning-based IPAS learning in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leni Zahara, Salamaini, Atika Ulya Akmal, Yesni Yenti, Indri Febriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Digital Comic Media on Atomic Structure Material for Grade X to Enhance Quality Education
This study aims to develop a digital comic as a learning medium for year 10 students on the topic of Atomic Structure, as a solution to the low interest and understanding among students regarding abstract chemistry concepts. The method used is Research and Development (R&D), based on a modified Borg and Gall model consisting of seven stages. The developed digital comic was validated by three experts-subject matter, media, and language-with validation scores of 92%, 87%, and 95% respectively, falling within the appropriate to highly appropriate category. Small-scale and large-scale trials were conducted with Year 10 students at SMA Taman Mulia, resulting in practicality scores of 74% and 84%, which indicate very positive responses to the media. The digital comic proved to be engaging, communicative, and effective in helping students understand the concept of atomic structure. Therefore, the digital comic is deemed suitable for use as an innovative alternative learning medium in chemistry lessons.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Fatma Ningrum, Fitriani, Dedeh Kurniasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Science and Technology-Based LKPD on Material and Its Changes on Student Motivation and Learning Outcomes
This study aimed to develop Science, Technology, and Society (STS)-based student worksheets (LKPD) on the topic of substances and their changes and to examine their effectiveness in improving the motivation and learning outcomes of tenth-grade students at SMKN 1 Timpeh. This development research employed the Plomp Model, which consists of Preliminary Research, Prototyping Phase, and Assessment Phase. The participants were 32 tenth-grade students, comprising 21 students in the experimental class and 11 students in the control class. The instruments included validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, a learning motivation questionnaire, and a learning outcomes test. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicated that the worksheets were valid, with Aiken’s V scores of 0.86 for content, 0.90 for presentation, 0.88 for language, and 0.88 for contextual aspects, with an average of 0.88. The worksheets were also very practical, with teacher and student practicality scores of 93%. In the Assessment Phase, the experimental class showed significantly higher motivation and learning outcomes than the control class (p = 0.012). Therefore, the developed worksheets are valid, practical, and effective for chemistry learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Nur Wahyuningsih, Okta Suryani, Desy Kurniawati, Riga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Differences in Students' Perceptions of Chemistry Learning Using Google Classroom and Discord
Learning management system (LMS) applications such as Google Classroom and Discord help an online learning. The objectives of research are to knowing the differences on students’ perceptions toward chemistry learning using Google Classroom and Discord. The type of research used is retrospective comparative quantitative that utilizes documentation of student perception data that has been collected previously. Samples of this study were 68 respondents from tenth grade students of SMAN 2 Samarinda in the academic year of 2020/2021 who were taught using Google Classroom and 74 respondent majoring in Mathematics and Natural Sciences at SMAN 13 Samarinda in the academic year of 2020/2021 who were taught using Discord. The method of data collecting by documentation technique and the data analyzed by using independent t-test and mann withney u. The results showed that the t-test obtained 0.032 < 0.05, there is a significant difference between students' perceptions toward chemistry learning using Google Classroom and Discord, but there is no difference in perception results when viewed from the gender of each platform (Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.821 (for Google Classroom) and 0.314 (for Discord)). Students' perceptions toward chemistry learning using Google Classroom are better than that of using Discord.
Copyright (c) 2026 Egi Syahrah Anggraeni, Linawati, Sukemi, Sri Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluating Artificial Intelligence in Solving Physics Problems: A Comprehensive Analysis of Essay and Multiple-Choice Questions on Electrical Circuits
This study aims to examine the performance of artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT, in solving physics problems on electrical circuits by comparing essay and multiple-choice formats. The study employed a research and development approach combined with descriptive qualitative analysis to develop and validate equivalent test items with identical content and cognitive demands. The validated items were administered to ChatGPT, and its responses were analyzed based on accuracy and problem-solving processes. The results show that ChatGPT achieved higher accuracy in multiple-choice questions (100%) compared to essay questions (60%). Errors in essay responses were primarily conceptual and occurred in image-based and structurally complex circuit problems, particularly during the initial interpretation stage. These findings indicate that question format significantly influences AI performance, with multiple-choice questions promoting more structured reasoning while potentially overestimating AI capability. In conclusion, combining essay and multiple-choice formats provides a more comprehensive evaluation of AI problem-solving performance in physics education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aji Saputra, Muliadi, Hutri Handayani Isra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development and Content Validation of a HOTS-Oriented Performance Assessment for Physics Practicum in Higher Education to Support SDG 4
Higher education is expected to equip students with Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS); however, assessment practices in physics laboratory learning still often emphasize procedural performance. This study aims to analyze assessment needs and to develop and conduct content validation of a HOTS-oriented performance assessment for physics laboratory learning in higher education to support Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education). This study employed a research and development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, limited to the Analyze, Design, and Develop stages. The participants were 49 undergraduate physics students selected using purposive sampling and laboratory assistants involved in practicum activities. Data were collected through essay tests, practicum module analysis, interviews, and observations, and analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods. Content validity was evaluated through expert judgment using Aiken’s V index. The results showed that existing assessments had not optimally measured HOTS, particularly evaluating (C5) and creating (C6). Therefore, a HOTS-oriented performance assessment integrating C4, C5, and C6 was developed, consisting of performance tasks, scoring rubrics, observation sheets, and self- and peer-assessment instruments. The content validation results indicated high validity with an Aiken’s V value of 0.89. These findings provide a validated conceptual foundation for further implementation and evaluation to support SDG 4 in higher education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Emiliannur, Fuja Novitra, Rahma Doni, Metta Liana, Nanang Winarno, Lukman Hakim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Correcting Middle School Students' Misunderstandings Using the CLIS Model on Temperature, Heat, and Expansion Material
Students' misconceptions in science learning, particularly on temperature, heat, and expansion, are still frequently found in junior high school and have the potential to influence the development of an accurate understanding of scientific concepts. This situation indicates the need for the implementation of a learning model oriented towards conceptual change. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Children's Learning in Science (CLIS) model in remediating misconceptions among seventh-grade students at the UNP Laboratory Development School. This study was a pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 25 students. Data were collected through a diagnostic test to identify misconceptions, observation sheets on the implementation of the learning model, and student response questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Decrease of Quantitative Misconception (DQM) index and the McNemar test using SPSS. The results showed that the average percentage of student misconceptions decreased from 23% in the pretest to 10% in the posttest, while the percentage of students who understood the concepts increased from 14% to 54%. The CLIS model was implemented well, with an average learning model implementation score of 73%. The DQM analysis showed the effectiveness of remediation in the moderate category, with an average score of 59%. The McNemar test obtained an Asymp.Sig. value of 0.000 with a significance level of α = 0.05, indicating a significant difference between student conceptions before and after the learning process. Furthermore, the questionnaire results showed that 71% of students responded well. Thus, the CLIS model was effective in producing significant changes in conceptions and received positive responses, thus having implications for improving the quality of science learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andini Febriani, Khairil Arif, Fakhri Syafitra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Innovative Ecoenzyme-Based Liquid Hand Soap from Fruit and Vegetable Waste Using Sugar and Palm Sugar: A Sustainable Antibacterial Solution Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Supporting SDGs and National Health Initiatives
Indonesia's abundant fruit/vegetable waste threatens the environment yet fuels sustainable hygiene innovation. The waste will be fermented anaerobically with sugar and palm sugar. The study will also assess the soap's efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). To achieve this, we produced an eco-enzyme by anaerobic fermentation. We then incorporated 5–10% of this enzyme directly into a pre-heated soap base. A hybrid hot-cold process was used: first, hot mixing ensured homogeneity; next, cold stabilisation was applied. pH testing and agar well diffusion assays followed. Results: Dose-response assays yielded significant (p < 0.05) increases in inhibition zone size; palm sugar at 10% excelled (35.3 mm E. coli, 23.6 mm S. aureus), surpassing commercial products. ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc (α = 0.05) showed that sugar variants (23.9 mm E. coli, 22.3 mm S. aureus) outperformed controls. pH: F0 8.83, F1 5.26, F3 4.79. Discussion: Remarkably, the exceptionally broad 35.3 mm E. coli zone reveals a groundbreaking novelty: unprecedented Gram-negative hyper susceptibility contrary to LPS resistance norms uniquely triggered by eco-enzyme organic acids synergising with palm sugar gallotannins to breach outer membranes. These zero-waste breakthroughs advance SDGs 3 and 12 by pioneering bio-circular antimicrobials.
Copyright (c) 2026 Umarudin Umarudin, Ninik Mas Ulfa, Silvi Ayu Wulansari, Ramadhan Renaisansa, Selvyronica Eka Agustine, Aisyah Hadi Ramadani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of Android Based Interactive Learning Media in Improving Students Computational Thinking on Heat Material
Learning using Android-based interactive learning media can actively engage students in the learning process. This study aims to improve students' computational thinking on heat material at SMAN 3 Kotabumi. The research method used in this study is experimentation. Experimental research is used to find the effect of a particular treatment on another under controlled conditions. The design used in this study was a pretest-posttest control group design. Data collection in this study was conducted during the use of Android-based interactive learning media to improve students' computational thinking on heat material in the learning process. The research subjects were 72 high school students, 36 in the experimental class and 36 in the control class. The results showed that this interactive learning media was quite effective in improving computational thinking skills, as seen from the significant difference between the average posttest scores in the experimental class and the control class based on the results of the Independent Samples Test, Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.00, with a significance level below 0.05. Based on the pretest and posttest data, the average N-Gain score was 0.61, categorized as moderate. Based on the research results and data analysis, the developed product can be used in mathematics learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Roslina, Muhammad Nurwahidin, Herpratiwi, Dina Martha Fitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Buffer Solution E-Modules Based on Problem Based Learning with Ethnochemistry to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills
This study aims to produce an electronic module (E-module) of buffer solutions based on ethnochemistry-integrated problem-based learning to improve students' critical thinking skills and analyze the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the E-module on students' critical thinking skills. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4-D development model. The 4-D development model consists of 4 stages of development, namely define, design, develop and disseminate. The results of the construct and content validity tests were 0.88, respectively, in the valid category. The results of the teacher and student practicality tests were 88.33% and 84.93%, respectively, in the very practical category. The N-Gain value analysis in the experimental and control classes was 0.71 and 0.46, respectively, in the high and medium criteria. The t-test results showed that students' critical thinking skills at SMAN 1 Bungo who used the E-module of buffer solutions based on ethnochemistry-integrated Problem-Based Learning were significantly higher than the control class that did not use the E-module. Thus, it can be said that the E-module on buffer solution material is valid, practical, and effective in significantly improving students' critical thinking skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadia, Desy Kurniawati, Alizar, Budhi Oktavia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study of 21st-Century Skills Among Senior High School Students in the Context of Project-Based Renewable Energy Learning in South Sumatra Province
The rapid development of science and technology demands that students master essential 21st-century skills, particularly the 4Cs: critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication. This study aims to map senior high school students’ mastery of 4C skills in Renewable Energy learning and to examine differences across the four components. A quantitative descriptive design was applied involving four schools selected through cluster sampling, with each school representing one 4C component. Research instruments consisted of validated and reliable tests and Likert-scale questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to categorize skill levels and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test to assess normality. As most data were not normally distributed, the Kruskal–Wallis test was employed to analyze differences among the skills. The results reveal significant variation in students’ 4C performance. Critical thinking and collaboration were categorized as high, while creativity and communication showed more diverse distributions. The Kruskal–Wallis test produced an Asymp. Sig value of < 0.05, indicating significant differences among the four skill domains. These findings suggest that 4C skill development is uneven and influenced by learning experiences and instructional strategies. Therefore, systematic mapping of 4C skills is crucial for curriculum improvement and the design of targeted instructional interventions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ketang Wiyono, Melly Ariska, Evelina Astra Patriot, Frendi Ihwan Syamsudin, Nor Farahwahidah, Tyse Ramadhona, Senandung Senja Citra Maharani, Laura Insan Kencana, Dea Rizky Oktavia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigating the Interaction between Inquiry Learning Models and Cognitive Styles in Predicting Students’ Physics Learning Outcomes
This study is a quasi-experimental study with a 2x2 factorial design. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of applying inquiry learning model and cognitive styles on the physics learning outcomes and the interaction between learning models and cognitive styles on physics learning outcomes. The population in this study were all physics students of grade XI, while the sample was taken from grades XI 2 and XI 6, which were selected based on the Cluster Random Sampling Technique. The research data were obtained by giving the GEFT test to students before using the learning model in this study, and the physics learning outcomes test was conducted after the application of the inquiry learning model. The data analysis technique used was ANOVA. Based on the inferential analysis, the Fcount (5.12) > Ftable (4.04), can be concluded that there’s a significant difference between students taught with GI and OI learning models, the Fcount (12.63) > Ftable (4.04), can be concluded that there’s a significant difference between students who have FI and FD cognitive styles, and the interaction value Fcount (4.19) > Ftable (4.04), can be concluded that there’s an interaction between learning models and cognitive styles on physics learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Aisyah, Khaeruddin, A Sri Astika Wahyuni, Aulia Cahyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gender Group Differences in STEAM Learning: How Balloon-Powered Car Enhance Science Process Skills and Creative Thinking Skills in Elementary Students?
This study aims to determine the science process skills (SPS) and creative thinking skills (CTS) of elementary school students during STEAM based balloon-powered car project. A quasi-experimental with 29 sixth-grade students assigned to three group types: all-boys, all-girls, and mixed-gender. Students participated in a four-session STEAM learninng sequence, and their SPS and CTS were assessed through rubric-based observations and interviews. Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed no statistically differences among three groups for either SPS (H = 2.061, p = 0.357) or CTS (H = 3.157, p = 0.206), with very small effect sizes. Although minor descriptive tendencies appeared, in SPS, the boys group showed slightly higher performance in the classifying and prediction indicators, while the girls group excelled in the communication indicator. In CTS, the girls group excelled in the fluency, flexibility, and elaboration indicators, while the boys group excelled in the originality indicator. Overall, all groups achieved moderately high SPS and CTS scores, indicating that the STEAM project effectively facilitated scientific inquiry and creative thinking irrespective of gender composition. These findings confirm that well-designed STEAM-based projects can provide equal opportunities for all students to develop their SPS dan CTS simultaneously.
Copyright (c) 2026 Devi Ayu Nur'aini, Annisa Ulfa Yana, Rahmat Firman Septiyato, Baoyu Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Elementary School Teachers in Integrating Climate Change Education to Support Students’ Literacy and Numeracy in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
This study investigates the role of elementary school teachers in integrating Climate Change Education (CCE) and its contribution to teachers’ perceived support for literacy and numeracy in elementary learning. A quantitative survey was conducted with 100 elementary school teachers using a Likert-scale questionnaire measuring teacher role, CCE integration, literacy support, and numeracy support. The instrument demonstrated adequate validity (r-count = 0.48–0.67 > r-table = 0.195) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.79–0.86). Descriptive findings indicated relatively high mean scores for teacher role (3.72), CCE integration (3.65), literacy support (3.58), and numeracy support (3.49). Correlation analysis showed positive relationships between teacher role and CCE integration (r = 0.68), literacy support (r = 0.62), and numeracy support (r = 0.55). Regression analysis further revealed that teacher role significantly predicted CCE integration (R² = 0.46; Sig. = 0.000). Teacher role also made significant contributions to perceived literacy support (R² = 0.384; p < 0.001) and perceived numeracy support (R² = 0.303; p < 0.001), indicating a stronger contribution to literacy than numeracy. These findings underscore the strategic role of teachers in embedding CCE into competency-oriented elementary instruction and in fostering literacy and numeracy through environmentally relevant learning contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gufron Amirullah, Dien Nurmarina Malik, Herwina Bahar, Baharudin, Ika Yatri, Trisni Handayani, Uswatun Hasanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategy for Developing Sustainable Dryland Farming Systems in the Buffer Zone of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone, Indonesia
The Mandalika Special Economic Zone (KEK) buffer zone in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, has a dryland farming system that supports tourism activities. This study aims to examine the existing conditions of the role of dryland farming systems in the area around the Mandalika SEZ as a buffer zone and develop strategies for developing dryland farming systems in the buffer zone to ensure sustainability. The analytical tools used in the study include descriptive analysis, SWOT analysis, and AHP analysis. The results show that the existing conditions of the Mandalika SEZ buffer zone related to sustainable dryland farming systems play a significant social and economic role. Meanwhile, the AHP results prioritize the SWOT groups as follows: strengths (54.3%), opportunities (26.2%), weaknesses (12.7%), and threats (6.8%); with the most important factor being farmer resilience in dryland farming. The recommended Grand Strategy is to optimize farmer potential through agricultural land expansion, diversification, and mixed farming, support from Village Cooperatives, and increasing the role of agricultural extension.
Copyright (c) 2026 Candra Ayu, Sukardi, Tajidan, Hayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effects of Modified Board Game–Based Cognitive Stimulation on Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: an Occupational Therapy Intervention Study
Cognitive decline is a common condition among older adults that may affect memory, attention, and functional independence. Non-pharmacological interventions, particularly activity-based approaches, are increasingly recommended to maintain cognitive function. Board game–based cognitive stimulation has emerged as a promising, engaging, and accessible intervention within occupational therapy practice. This study aimed to examine the effect of a modified board game–based cognitive stimulation program on cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults. This study employed a quantitative pre-experimental design using a one-group pretest–posttest approach. A total of 50 pre-elderly and older adults were recruited using purposive sampling based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Cognitive function was measured using the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) before and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of a modified board game program conducted over eight sessions, each lasting 30–60 minutes, integrating cognitive tasks across multiple domains. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The findings showed a statistically significant improvement in cognitive function after the intervention (p = 0.000, p < 0.05). Participants demonstrated increased scores across multiple cognitive domains following the modified board game–based cognitive stimulation program. The modified board game–based intervention was effective in improving cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults. This approach offers a practical, low-cost, and engaging strategy that can be implemented in community and occupational therapy settings to support cognitive health and functional independence in aging populations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aniek Puspitosari, Ninik Nurhidayah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Science Literacy-Based E-Module to Enhance Students’ Conceptual Understanding and Concept Analysis in Plant Diversity Learning towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
This study aims to develop a scientific literacy-based e-module to enhance students’ conceptual understanding and concept analysis skills in plant diversity learning. Conventional text-based materials often fail to support students in analyzing and classifying plant morphological characteristics; therefore, an interactive digital learning medium is needed. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, including analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The developed e-module integrates scientific literacy components, such as data analysis and problem-solving activities, to support meaningful and independent learning. Validation results by media and material experts showed high feasibility with scores of 88.78% and 89.52%, while practicality test results by teachers and students reached 90.68% and 89.34%, indicating that the e-module is very feasible and practical. The effectiveness test showed that both students’ conceptual understanding and concept analysis skills achieved an N-gain score of 0.69, categorized as moderate. These findings indicate that the e-module is effective in improving students’ conceptual understanding and concept analysis skills. In addition, the integration of scientific literacy components in the e-module has the potential to support students’ scientific literacy. Therefore, this e-module can be used as an effective learning medium in biology learning and contributes to improving the quality of education, particularly in supporting Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education).
Copyright (c) 2026 Fahra Putri Ardita, Yayat Ruhiat, Nurul Anriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0