Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA contains scientific articles form of research results that include science, technology, and teaching in the field of science. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA is published monthly. Authors across the globe are welcome to submit their research papers in the prestigious journal fulfilling the requisite criterion.
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The Role of Inquiry Based Learning in Science Learning: A Systematic Review of Literature
This study aims to examine the role of Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) in improving the quality of science learning through a systematic literature review. The methodology followed the PRISMA framework, analyzing 17 reputable scientific articles retrieved from the Scopus database between 2018 and 2024. The results of the study indicate that IBL has a significant positive impact on science learning, particularly in enhancing students’ conceptual understanding, scientific process skills, and critical thinking abilities. Additionally, IBL contributes to increasing students’ motivation and positive attitudes toward science through active engagement in the learning process. Further discussion reveals that the success of IBL implementation is influenced by various factors, such as teacher readiness, availability of facilities, and learning time management. Nevertheless, IBL remains an effective approach in supporting student-centered science learning. Overall, this study concludes that IBL has great potential in improving the quality of science learning, but requires appropriate support and implementation strategies to be applied optimally
Copyright (c) 2026 Ainun Nadira, Insih Wilujeng, Heru Kuswanto, Nisya Indriyanti Irawan, Malik Wira Gustama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Systematic Literature Review: Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) Model in Science Learning at Junior High School Level
Natural Sciences (IPA) plays an important role since elementary school as a foundation in developing students' logical, critical, and creative thinking skills. This study aims to examine the learning outcomes of science and the types of research used with the Predict–Observe–Explain (POE) learning model at the Junior High School (SMP) level through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The SLR method was carried out by searching scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 through the Crossref and Scopus databases related to science learning outcomes and the types of research used in the application of the POE model. Inclusion criteria included articles discussing the implementation of the POE model in science learning at the junior high school level. Based on the analysis of the 13 articles reviewed, it can be concluded that the POE model can be implemented in various types of research, such as experiments, Classroom Action Research (CAR), Research and Development (R&D), and quantitative descriptive research. The results of the study indicate that the POE model contributes to science learning at the junior high school level, especially in improving students' scientific literacy and critical thinking skills. In addition, the POE model has also been proven effective in improving science learning outcomes, developing creative and analytical thinking skills, increasing learning motivation and improving students' communication skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gusti Ayu Dewi Wismayani, Rai Sujanem, Ni Made Pujani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis Study of Physics Digital Teaching Materials in Improving Critical Thinking Skills Student Participants: Literature Review
In the context of physics learning, critical thinking is a key tool for students to understand complex and abstract natural phenomena. Physics requires students to possess strong analytical skills, logical problem-solving skills, and the ability to connect theory to reality. At present, technological developments demand teaching materials that are able to support physics learning to be more varied, interesting, and effective in honing students critical thinking. However, the use of digital teaching materials for this purpose has not been widely applied in schols, especially at the junior and widely known. This study aims to examine and review various national and international articles that develop or use digital teaching materials in physics learing. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach. Data were collected from relevant articles and journals from 2018 to 2024. A total of 48 articles were identifies and analyzed using coding techniques to understand trens in digital teaching materials in improving critical thingking skills. The results showed that e-modules are the most widely developed and used digital teaching materials in research. This finding contributes that e-modulea can be a solution to improve students critical thinking skills through more innovative physics learning
Copyright (c) 2026 Suriza Putri, Festiyed, Fatni Mufit, Fuja Novitra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Development, Research Trends, and Emerging Opportunities of Ethno-PjBL in Chemistry Education: A Bibliometric Study
This study is a bibliometric research aimed at discussing the development of research on Ethno-Project-Based Learning (Ethno-PjBL) in chemistry education from 2017 to 2024. This study utilised the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach with data extracted from Google Scholar using the Publish or Perish (PoP) software. A total of 23 relevant articles were analysed using VOSviewer to identify the highest number of publications, authors with the most publications, research trends, and opportunities for further research. The results of the study indicate that interest in Ethno-PjBL research during 2017 to 2024 showed stable but limited growth, as it experienced both increases and decreases. The highest number of publications occurred in 2021 and 2024, with five publications each. The author with the most publications was Sudarmin from Semarang State University with 7 documents. Ethno-PjBL research focused on several themes, such as ethnochemistry, ethno-STEM, creative thinking skills, development, and teaching materials. The visualisation results show that Ethno-PjBL research focuses on the integration of local culture in project-based chemistry learning. Meanwhile, new topics such as "natural products" and "Ethno-STEM approach" have great potential for further research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dina Dania Navieta, Jaslin Ikhsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hybrid Review: Research Trends Fe3O4-WTa37O95.487 Magnetic Nanocomposite as a Multifunctional Adsorbent for Decontamination of Industrial Dye Wastewater of Woven Fabrics
The increasing discharge of dye-contaminated wastewater from the textile industry poses serious environmental and health challenges, necessitating the development of efficient, sustainable, and reusable treatment materials. This study presents a hybrid review integrating a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis to critically examine research trends, material design strategies, adsorption mechanisms, and existing limitations of magnetic nanocomposite adsorbents for textile dye wastewater treatment. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 30 peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2025 were systematically selected for SLR from Scopus and SINTA databases and 200-500 articles for bibliometric analysis. Bibliometrics focuses on Scopus data (to identify global trends), while SINTA is used to strengthen SLR in the local context of the Indonesian textile industry. Bibliometric mapping using VOSviewer reveals a growing research emphasis on multifunctional materials, regeneration performance, and sustainability, while the SLR highlights a dominant focus on binary nanocomposite systems and single-dye adsorption studies under idealized laboratory conditions. A significant research gap is identified in the integration of complex tungsten–tantalum oxide phases with magnetic Fe₃O₄ matrices. Addressing this gap, this review identifies the integration of complex tungsten–tantalum oxide phases as a promising future research direction to overcome current limitations in chemical stability and improved resistance to harsh textile wastewater environments. The findings provide strategic insights for the design of next-generation magnetic adsorbents with improved industrial applicability and environmental sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Susilawati, Muhammad Taufik, Teguh Ardianto, Syarful Annam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Integrated Science Process Skills in Elementary School
This study aims to analyze the ISPS owned by 4th-grade students at one of the Public Elementary Schools in Cilegon City, in the subject of IPAS on the five senses material. This study used a quantitative descriptive method whose sample consisted of 5 male students and 9 female students. The instrument used was a written test in the form of an essay consisting of 5 questions to measure students' science process skills. The results of the study showed that students' SPS was still low, as evidenced by the average test score of 51, which means the results of this study still indicate low abilities in ISPS. This study identified that integrated science process skills in grade 4 students are still low. These findings provide insight to teachers to design science learning activities that can actively involve students in learning activities. Thus, it is necessary to implement a learning model based on inquiry so that students can be actively involved in learning making learning more meaningful.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mellisa, Deri Hendriawan, Atep Sujana, Encep Supriatna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing High School Students’ Critical Thinking in Physics through a Virtual Classroom Critical Thinking Model: Supporting SDG 4 (Quality Education)
Developing students’ critical thinking skills (CTS) has become an essential focus in 21st-century education, particularly in digital learning environments. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Virtual Classroom Critical Thinking (VC2T) model in enhancing senior high school students’ CTS in physics learning. A pre-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test design was employed involving 56 eleventh-grade students from two science classes at a private senior high school in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected using a CTS test based on Facione’s indicators: interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, and explanation, and a student response questionnaire. Data analysis involved normalized gain (n-gain), paired-sample t-test, and effect size calculations. The results indicate a statistically significant improvement in students’ CTS after the implementation of the VC2T model, with a medium n-gain and strong effect size. In addition, students expressed positive response toward the VC2T-based learning experience. These findings suggest that the VC2T model has strong potential as an effective online instructional approach for fostering critical thinking skills in physics learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Random Forest-Based Soil Mapping to Support Sustainable Watershed Management and SDG 15 (Life on Land): A Case Study of the Curahkemadu Micro Watershed
Soil characteristics in the Curahkemadu Micro Watershed are influenced by volcanic parent material and other soil-forming factors, including organisms, topography, climate, and time. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of soil up to the subgroup level and identify the dominant factors that shape it using a machine learning approach with the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. Field surveys were conducted at 14 Land Mapping Units (LMU) in the Bocek and Donowarih villages, followed by laboratory analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Soil classification followed the United States Department of Agriculture (2022) system, utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and ArcGIS Pro for spatial mapping. The classification results showed the existence of two main subgroups: Andic Humudepts (172.73 ha) and Typic Humudepts (577.73 ha). The spatial distribution of soil was strongly influenced by slope, sub-landform, and elevation, with variable importance values of 40%, 35.7%, and 24.3%, respectively. The RF model showed high performance with good accuracy (overall accuracy = 85.7% and Cohen’s Kappa = 0.69). This research provides an important basis for the optimal and sustainable management of watershed areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ridho Maulana Ihsan, Kurniawan Sigit Wicaksono, Reni Ustiatik, Soemarno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Prospective Science Teachers’ Practicum Competencies in Promoting Sustainable and Quality Education (SDG 4)
Field practicum skills are a cornerstone of the professional competence of prospective biology teachers, yet their long-term developmental dynamics remain underexplored. This study aims to map the profile of field practicum abilities among Biology Education students at the Mataram University over a five-year period (2020-2024). Using a longitudinal quantitative approach, data were collected from 120 students through a structured, expert-validated questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests. The results indicate significant fluctuations in competency achievement: the highest average was in 2022 (79.28; SD=3.13) and the lowest in 2023 (65.93; SD=0.78). The Kruskal-Wallis test confirmed significant differences between years (χ² = 80.67; p < 0.05), with specific year pairs (e.g., 2022 vs. 2023) showing marked disparities. These findings reveal that field practicum ability is highly susceptible to curricular factors, institutional policies, and external disruptions such as extreme weather. The implication is that the development of prospective science teachers requires a learning ecosystem that is adaptive, evidence-based, and capable of proactively responding to environmental uncertainty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Liwa Ilhamdi, Agil Al Idrus, Aliefman Hakim, Lalu Zulkifli, Aris Doyan, AA Sukarso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Collaborative Mind Mapping Integrated with Inquiry-Based Learning on Students’ Collaboration Skills and Learning Outcomes in Biology Subject
This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest control group design to examine the effect of Collaborative Mind Mapping in Inquiry-Based Learning on students’ collaboration skills and learning outcomes in biology Grade XI at SMA Negeri 3 Enrekang. The population comprised 105 Grade XI FA students. Two class (XI FA 1 and XI FA 2; n = 70) were selected using cluster random sampling, with one class assigned as the experimental group and the other as the control group. Data were collected using a collaboration skills observation sheet developed based on the indicators and rubrics proposed by Greenstein (2012) and the administration of pretest and posttest learning outcome questions. Descriptive analysis showed that the experimental group’s mean collaboration score increased from 40.36 to 78.93, higher than the control group (39.23 to 68.04). Similarly, learning outcomes improved from 58.51 to 86.49 in the experimental group, compared to 58.40 to 75.20 in the control group. The ANCOVA analysis results obtained a significance value for collaboration skills of 0.000 < 0.05, and a significance value for learning outcomes of 0.002 < 0.05. It can be concluded Collaborative Mind Mapping in inquiry-based learning significantly improves students' collaboration skills and learning outcomes in biology Grade XI.
Copyright (c) 2026 Thiara Adzkia Muthmainnah, Syamsiah, Andi Mu’nisa, Firdaus Daud, Faisal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of STEM–Multirepresentation (STEM-MR) Learning Design to Enhance Undergraduate Students’ Problem-Solving Skills in Mechanics
This study aims to develop a STEM–Multirepresentation (STEM-MR) learning design for Mechanics and examine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving undergraduate students’ problem-solving skills. The study employed a research and development approach using the ADDIE model. The participants were 37 undergraduate students in the Physics Education Study Program at Universitas Sriwijaya. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, observation sheets, student response questionnaires, interviews, documentation, and pretest–posttest assessments. The STEM-MR design was developed as a seven-phase learning model that integrates STEM inquiry with multirepresentational scaffolding to support problem-solving in Mechanics. The results showed that the design was highly valid, with an average expert validation score of 3.87 on a 4-point scale. It was also very practical, with with a practicality score of 91%. In terms of effectiveness, students’ average scores increased from 52.25% on the pretest to 78.50% on the posttest. The normalized gain was 0.55, which falls into the medium category, and the effect size was 2.53, indicating a very large effect. These findings show that the STEM-MR learning design is valid, practical, and effective for enhancing undergraduate students’ problem-solving skills in Mechanics.
Copyright (c) 2026 ismet, Ketang Wiyono, Taufiq, Maghfira Aulia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of iSpring Suite-Based Mobile Learning on Human Mobility for Grade XI Science
This study aims to develop and evaluate the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of iSpring Suite-based mobile learning media integrated with gamification and Artificial Intelligence (AI) assistants for human mobility topics. This research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The research subjects involved 35 students from Class XI Biology 3 at SMAN 5 Makassar. Data collection was conducted through expert validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, cognitive learning outcome tests, and motivation questionnaires. The results showed that the developed media obtained an Aiken Index of 0.96, placing it in the very valid category. The practicality level reached 100% based on teacher responses and 85.64% from student responses, classifying it as very practical. N-Gain analysis proved an improvement in cognitive learning outcomes by 0.71 (high category) and an increase in learning motivation by 0.79 (high category). In conclusion, this iSpring Suite-based mobile learning application is highly valid, practical, and effective for enhancing high school students' motivation and cognitive learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Arham Firmansyah, Anisa, Hilmi Hambali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis Morphological Characters of Chalcorana chalconota (Schelgel, 1837) at Soraya and Ketambe Research Stations, Aceh
Chalcorana is a genus of amphibians that consists of species complexes which are difficult to distinguish morphologically. The difficulty in identifying species within this genus has prompted taxonomic research to utilize a more in-depth morphological approach in order to determine a more accurate taxonomic status and to examine the grouping of the Chalcorana genus originating from two different locations. This study used a principal component analysis (PCA) approach by measuring morphological characters. Based on the results of this study, it was found that different locations did not affect the variation in morphological characters, and therefore, no grouping was formed based on locality
Copyright (c) 2026 Fanny Lestari, Essy Harnelly, Djong Hon Tjong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Land Use Mapping Using Sentinel-2 Imagery and Volcanic Hazard Zonation for Sustainable Disaster Risk Reduction in the Mount Bromo Area, Probolinggo Regency, Indonesia
This study examines the spatial relationship between land use/land cover (LULC), volcanic hazard zones, and soil conditions in the Mount Bromo area of Probolinggo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. It aims to identify dominant LULC classes, quantify their overlap with volcanic hazard zones, and provide a spatial basis for risk-sensitive land-use planning. Sentinel-2 imagery was classified into four classes: vegetation, open land, agricultural land, and built-up area, and the results were evaluated using a confusion matrix. The classification achieved an overall accuracy of 81.97% and a kappa coefficient of 0.82, indicating reliable performance for regional-scale analysis. Agricultural land was the dominant class, covering 121,477.01 ha or 71.62% of the study area. Volcanic hazard zonation shows that 5,439.86 ha or 3.21% of Probolinggo Regency falls within Mount Bromo’s low-, moderate-, and high-hazard zones, including 941.66 ha or 0.56% in the high-hazard zone. Overlay analysis revealed that 212.39 ha of agricultural land and 16.33 ha of built-up area are located in the high-hazard zone, while 389.45 ha of agricultural land and 9.34 ha of built-up area remain in the moderate-hazard zone. Hazardous zones also spatially coincide with Mollic Andosols, indicating that volcanic risk overlaps with productive soils. These findings show that productive land and settlement-related land use are still not fully aligned with volcanic hazard conditions, highlighting the need for risk-sensitive spatial planning and adaptive land management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dody Feryanto Kurniawan, Surjono, Fauzul Rizal Sutikno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Self-Regulated Learning in Distance Education through SQ3R and Concept Mapping: Supporting SDG 4 on Quality Education
This study examines the effectiveness of a dual-strategy intervention—SQ3R and concept mapping—in enhancing students’ comprehension and self-regulated learning (SRL) in an online distance learning context at Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia, contributing to SDG 4 (Quality Education). Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected from 1.652 students through pretest–posttest measures in a one-semester course in the social sciences, followed by interviews with selected students and two instructors. Results indicate a statistically significant improvement in posttest scores (p < 0.001), although the effect size is small (d = 0.24). The strongest gains occurred in reading comprehension (SQ3R), with moderate improvements in concept mapping, while SRL gains remained limited. Qualitative findings suggest that students developed better reading structure, organization, and confidence; however, these did not fully translate into sustained metacognitive behaviors such as time management and reflective learning. This indicates that the intervention effectively improved cognitive and organizational skills but had limited short-term impact on deeper SRL habits. The study highlights the need for sustained scaffolding to develop SRL in distance education and supports the integration of structured learning strategies to improve learner autonomy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eko Kuswanti, Pesi Suryani, Melisa Arisanty, Sri Sukatmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determination of the Effects of Exposure to Emissions from Chemical Industry on Health, Environment and Regulation
Rapid industrial growth in various regions of Indonesia has contributed significantly to the national economy. Pollution of air, water, and soil has become a critical concern when industrial activities are not managed in accordance with sustainability principles. This study aims to analyze the impact of emission exposure and operational activities of the chemical industry on public health, environmental conditions, and compliance with environmental regulations. A mixed-method approach was applied, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. Quantitative data were obtained through air quality measurements and analyzed using linear regression and correlation techniques, while qualitative data explored regulatory compliance in greater depth. The findings reveal a positive correlation between increased emission exposure and higher incidences of respiratory disorders within the community. Environmental degradation was also evident, particularly in declining air quality and damage to surrounding vegetation. Although industrial practices generally comply with local environmental regulations, cases of Acute Respiratory Infections continue to rise. This indicates that regulatory compliance alone is insufficient to mitigate health risks. Therefore, stricter emission monitoring, improved transparency in environmental reporting, and enhanced community involvement are essential to support more sustainable and responsive industrial policies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Priscaningtyan, Widya Ernayati, Robby Zidny https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Botanical Pesticides on Inhibiting Colletotrichum sp. Causing Anthracnose in Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) In Vitro
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum sp. is a major postharvest disease of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) that leads to significant economic losses during storage. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of essential oil-based botanical pesticides derived from lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii L.), and wild betel (Piper aduncum L.) against Colletotrichum sp. in vitro. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications, using essential oil concentrations up to 1000 ppm in both single and combined formulations. Antifungal activity was assessed based on colony diameter and fungal biomass, and data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). All treatments significantly inhibited fungal growth compared to the control. The smallest colony diameter was recorded in the lemongrass treatment (12.80 mm), with the highest inhibition rate of 85.77%. The lowest fungal biomass was observed in the cinnamon treatment (20 mg). These results demonstrate very strong antifungal activity of the tested essential oils.This study highlights the novelty of utilizing locally sourced essential oils as botanical pesticide formulations targeting Colletotrichum sp., suggesting their potential as environmentally friendly alternatives for sustainable postharvest disease management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anisa Rahman Rusiati, Feskaharny Alamsjah, Riska, Suwirmen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Carrying Capacity Assessment for Strengthening Landscape Conservation Governance: A Case Study of the Sentarum Lake Sub-Watershed
A landscape carrying capacity assessment serves as a critical tool for strengthening sustainable natural resource governance within socio-ecological systems. This study aimed to evaluate the carrying capacity status of the Sentarum Lake Catchment Area and identify key ecological and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. The analysis was conducted using a multi-criteria index-based approach aligned with the Indonesian Minister of Forestry Regulation No. P.61/Menhut-II/2014, integrating cross-sectoral data across five dimensions: land condition, water regime, socioeconomic conditions, water infrastructure, and land use patterns. The results showed that the carrying capacity was classified as “good,” with an index value of 78.00. Nevertheless, a phenomenon of pseudo-hydrological stability was identified, in which stable flow regimes (flow regime coefficient = 0.50) and high water availability (water use index = 0.50) masked functional degradation within the system. This condition was reflected in a high annual runoff coefficient (1.50) and increasing flood frequency (1.25), indicating declining infiltration capacity. These pressures were further exacerbated by the limited proportion of natural vegetation within protected areas (45.10%) and high socioeconomic vulnerability (poverty level index = 1.50). Overall, the findings indicate a fragile equilibrium in which apparent ecological stability conceals emerging hydrological and socioeconomic risks. Without adaptive and integrated management interventions, the system is likely to shift toward structural degradation. Therefore, strengthening landscape governance requires ecosystem-based spatial planning, nature-based mitigation strategies, and inclusive local economic development to enhance long-term resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indra Kumara, Rinekso Soekmadi, Lilik B. Prasetyo, Arzyana Sunkar, Dwi Kusharyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Augmented Reality Based Digital Teaching Module for the Human Reproductive System in Class XI Science
Biology learning on the topic of the reproductive system in high schools still faces challenges due to the limited availability of learning media that can visualize abstract concepts interactively and contextually. Commonly used learning media are conventional, resulting in low student engagement and a lack of conceptual understanding. This study aims to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based digital learning module for the reproductive system and to test its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in Biology learning. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of Augmented Reality technology into the Biology learning module to provide interactive three-dimensional visualizations of the structures and processes of the reproductive system. This study used a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE development model. The subjects were 11th-grade students at SMA Negeri 23 Makassar. The research instruments consisted of expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning achievement tests in the form of pretests and posttests. Data were analyzed using Aiken's V-index to determine validity, percentage analysis to assess practicality, and N-Gain analysis to evaluate effectiveness. The research results show that the AR-based digital teaching module has very high validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Therefore, the developed module is suitable for use as an innovative learning medium in biology education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Alfiah, Rahmatia Thahir, Nurul Magfirah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improving Students' Disaster Preparedness Using Android-Based Science E-Modules with the SETS Approach
Schools become high-risk areas in the event of an earthquake. This study aims to determine the increase in students' disaster preparedness through Android-based science e-modules using the SETS approach. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test control group design. The subjects of this study were 61 eighth-grade students at an Islamic junior high school in Yogyakarta, selected through purposive sampling. The data collection instrument in this study consisted of 10 multiple-choice test items assessing disaster preparedness indicators, including knowledge and attitude, policies and guidelines, disaster response plans, early warning systems, and mobilization. Data analysis in this study used the gain standard equation to see the increase in student disaster preparedness. The findings of this study indicate that the normality test results for the control and experimental classes, for both pre-test and post-test, are significant at the 0.05 level, indicating that the data in both classes are normally distributed. The results for the experimental class showed a 70% increase in student disaster preparedness, falling into the high category, while the control class was 50%, in the medium category. These findings indicate that using Android-based science e-modules with the SETS approach can significantly increase student disaster preparedness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Himawan Putranta, Tutik Yuliatun, Kristina Uskenat, Andi Reski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Student Resilience in Responding to Climate Change in Coastal Areas of Demak Regency: Implications for SDGs
This study aims to describe the level of student resilience in facing climate change. The research subjects were senior high school students in Sayung and Bonang Subdistricts, Demak Regency. The study employed a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory strategy, in which quantitative analysis is followed by qualitative exploration. Quantitative data were obtained through the analysis of student resilience questionnaires. Meanwhile qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews with teachers and students from the schools that served as research sites. The results of the study show that most students’ resilience also falls into the moderate category 49%, low 28%, and high 23%. Qualitative findings revealed that the school environment and family support were the main factors influencing this moderate level of resilience. In conclusion, resilience serves as an important factor that mediates students’ responses to environmental stress. This study recommends strengthening school support, improving adaptive facilities to climate change, and integrating disaster education into the coastal school curriculum to enhance student resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eka Vasia Anggis, Elina Lestaryanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Detection of Adulteration in Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Based on Arduino with Machine Learning Algorithms through Dielectric Property
The mixing of pure coconut oil (VCO) with cheaper vegetable oils has negative impacts on both consumers and producers. This study aims to develop a method for detecting VCO adulteration using an ESP32-based dielectric sensor combined with a Random Forest classification algorithm. The research employed an experimental design using 225 samples, including pure VCO, canola oil, corn oil, and various mixture ratios, each measured with five repetitions. The results show that pure VCO exhibits the highest capacitance values (58.4–62.4 pF), followed by canola oil (44.8–47.8 pF) and corn oil (43.2–46.6 pF), indicating clear differences in dielectric properties related to fatty acid composition. ANOVA analysis confirmed a significant difference between pure VCO and adulterated oils (p < 0.05). The Random Forest model achieved an accuracy of 53–58% for 15-class classification, while binary classification (pure vs adulterated oil) reached more than 90% accuracy. This finding is discussed in terms of the effectiveness of dielectric sensing combined with machine learning for distinguishing oil authenticity. In conclusion, the proposed system provides a fast, low-cost, mobile, and user-friendly solution for VCO quality monitoring, with potential applications in supply chain control and consumer protection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yustina Yeyen, Maria Yunita, Yohanes Eudes Debrito, Lusitania Floribunda Mele, Yohanes Maria Vianney https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bayesian Tobit Model for Handling Left-Censored in Water Quality Assessment: A Case Study of Sunda Strait, Indonesia
As an archipelagic nation, Indonesia relies heavily on coastal activities that may affect marine water quality, yet studies addressing this issue remain limited, particularly in the presence of left-censored data. This study aims to evaluate an appropriate method for handling left-censored data in water quality assessment using the CCME-WQI, with a case study in the Sunda Strait. A Bayesian Tobit model was applied to account for left-censored observations and integrated with the CCME-WQI framework. For comparison, conventional substitution methods and exclude left-censored were also used. The performance of approaches was assessed based on their ability to produce reliable water quality index estimates. The results indicate that the Bayesian Tobit model provides more robust estimates than substitution methods, as it incorporates uncertainty through credible intervals and reduces potential bias. The estimated water quality index ranged from 83.8 to 92.1, classifying the water quality as “good.” In conclusion, the Bayesian Tobit model is a more reliable approach for handling left-censored environmental data and improving water quality assessment. This method is particularly relevant for routine monitoring and can be extended to other fields with similar data characteristics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iis Afrianti, Sjaifuddin Sjaifuddin, Najmi Firdaus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an IoT-Based Soil Sensor Practical Tool Integrated with Performance Assessment to Improve Critical Thinking in Grade X High School Students
The world of education requires practical tools that are not just demonstrations, but also provide relevant active learning experiences that trigger curiosity and fulfill 21st-century skills, namely critical thinking. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an IoT-based soil sensor practical tool integrated with performance assessment in improving students' critical thinking skills. This study used an embedded mixed-methods experimental design, with a purposive sampling technique to select two classes with similar levels of critical thinking at the beginning of the study. The study involved pre-tests and post-tests in the experimental and control classes. The results showed that the experimental class experienced a significant increase in critical thinking skills, with a post-test score increasing sharply from 48.54 to 90.42, while the control class only increased from 56.60 to 72.99. A significant difference between the two classes was revealed through the ANCOVA test (p = 0.000), which showed that the use of IoT-based tools had a significant impact on students' critical thinking skills, with a Partial Eta Squared of 0.550. Thus, the IoT-based soil sensor practical tool integrated with performance assessment has proven effective in encouraging the improvement of students' critical thinking skills, making it an innovative solution in more interactive and applicable science learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gelar Rista, Chansyanah Diawati, Undang Rosidin, Noor Fadiawati, Kartini Herlina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Jelly Candy Formulation Made from White Galangal Infusion (Alpinia galanga (L.)) As A Memory Enhancement Supplement
Background: White galangal (Alpinia galanga L.) is a herbal plant containing bioactive compounds with potential to support cognitive function, making it a promising candidate for functional food development. Objective: This study aimed to formulate white galangal infusion into a jelly candy dosage form and to evaluate its physical quality. Methods: White galangal rhizomes were dried at 40 °C, processed into simplisia powder, and extracted using the infusion method. The obtained infusion was characterized through phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatography, then formulated into jelly candies in three formulations with varying infusion concentrations. Physical quality evaluation included organoleptic properties, texture, moisture content, ash content, reducing sugar, pH, and weight uniformity. Results: The results showed that the white galangal infusion contained flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and quinones. All jelly candy formulations met the required physical quality standards, with variations in color, aroma, moisture content, and pH influenced by infusion concentration but remaining within acceptable limits. Conclusion: White galangal infusion jelly candy has the potential to be developed as a herbal-based functional food product.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gigih Kenanga Sari, Bentar Jatmiko, Ning Febriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Students' Science Literacy Ability Profiles Viewed on Competency Aspect Indicators in Science Learning Environmental Pollution Material
The twenty-first century is marked by rapid transformations driven by advances in science and technology, which significantly influence human competition and global development. In this era, science literacy has become one of the 16 essential skills identified by the World Economic Forum as crucial competencies for students. Science literacy is defined as the ability to apply scientific knowledge, identify questions, and draw conclusions based on evidence to understand natural phenomena and make informed decisions about the impact of human activities on the environment. This study employed a quantitative descriptive research method aimed at analyzing the profile of students’ science literacy skills based on competency indicators in learning environmental pollution material. The research subjects consisted of 64 students from two classes. Data collection was conducted using a test instrument based on OECD science literacy competencies, which included five indicators with a total of ten questions. The findings revealed that the highest average achievement was in identifying questions within scientific investigations, reaching 73.96%. In contrast, the lowest achievement was in transforming data between representations, with 50.45%. Overall, the average score across all indicators was 60.91%, categorized as moderate level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dinas iriandana, Raharjo, Achmad Lutfi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Carbon Emission Project through Deep Learning: A Strategy for Developing Students’ Competencies and Environmental Care Attitude
Education on climate change has become a national priority in response to the increasing impacts of global warming and the low level of students’ competencies and environmental awareness. This study aimed to analyse the effect of a project-based deep learning approach on students’ competencies and environmental care attitudes through a Deep Learning–Carbon Emission Project (DL-CEP). This study employed a mixed-methods approach with a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 36 tenth-grade students at SMA Juara Wirautama, Indramayu, Indonesia. Research instruments included competency tests, environmental care attitude questionnaires, project assessment rubrics, observations, and interviews with the science teacher. Quantitative data were analysed using paired-samples t-tests and Wilcoxon tests, along with effect size calculations, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The results revealed a significant improvement in students’ competencies, with mean scores increasing from 65.07 to 89.93 (Z = −5.014; p < 0.05) and an effect size of 0.836, categorised as a very large effect. Environmental care attitudes also showed a significant increase, from a mean score of 66 to 79, based on the paired sample t-test results (t = −9.372; p < 0.05) with a Cohen’s d value of 1.562, indicating a very large effect. Qualitative findings supported the quantitative results by demonstrating the emergence of mindful, meaningful, and joyful learning experiences. It can be concluded that the DL-CEP approach is highly effective in enhancing students’ competencies and environmental care attitudes and has strong potential as an interdisciplinary cocurricular learning model to support sustainable education. Keywords: carbon emissions project; climate change education; deep learning; student competence, environmental care attitude.
Copyright (c) 2026 Uswatun Khasanah, Budiono, Ria Arista Asih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Through Project-Based Ethnochemistry Learning
Critical thinking skills are still a problem in chemistry learning. One of the causes is teaching strategies do not contextually link chemical concepts into everyday life. This study aimed to determine whether project-based ethno-chemistry learning affected students' critical thinking skills. The research method used a quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group design. Purposive sampling was conducted and resulted a sample size of 80 students, consisting of 40 students from class XI IPA 1 (Experimental group) and 40 students from class XI IPA 2 (Control group). The critical thinking test instrument consisting of 19 questions in the topic of colloid material. The results of Mann Whitney test showed a significant difference of critical thinking post-test score between the two groups (p = 0.000, p < 0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that project-based ethno-chemistry learning had an effect on students' critical thinking skills development. According to the n-gain score (57%), project-based ethno-chemistry learning was considered quite effective to develop students' critical thinking skills. The findings of this study contributed to the selection of various innovative teaching strategies which integrates local wisdom into project-based chemistry learning, so that critical thinking skills can be improved.
Copyright (c) 2026 Burhanudin Milama, Alma Nur Fitriana, Novi Yanthi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Flood Disaster Mitigation Strategy in Kuala Lumpur
In Malaysia, flash floods or major floods often occur in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur, flooding is a natural phenomenon that occurs when the volume of water flowing in rivers, lakes, or other bodies of water overflows onto land. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of flood vulnerability and determine flood mitigation strategies. This research is descriptive quantitative, which describes the phenomenon of flood disasters through mapping results. To produce a map of flood-prone areas, mapping was carried out using ArcGIS with a scoring method to see flood hazard vulnerability. The results of the flood vulnerability mapping study in Kuala Lumpur show critical conditions with almost 90% of the total area of 27.195.47 hectares categorized as vulnerable to very vulnerable to flooding. Analysis using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method identified three priority mitigation strategies, namely Regulation (57.7%) as the highest priority which includes policy enforcement and implementation of MSMA, followed by Education (25.8%) to increase public awareness and preparedness, and Conservation (16.5%) through ecological rehabilitation and green infrastructure. The integration of these three strategies is necessary to create a comprehensive and sustainable flood mitigation framework, taking into account the high urbanization and climate change that continue to increase flood risks in the Kuala Lumpur metropolitan area.
Copyright (c) 2026 Puti Tiara Dewi, Iswandi Umar, Dedi Hermon, Febriandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Management of Archery-Based Sport Games to Improve Numeracy and Attention in Elementary School Students: A Sequential Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study
Competency-based learning transformation requires the strengthening of numeracy and attention from elementary school through meaningful, safe, and measurable learning experiences. This study aimed to synthesize scientific evidence on the management of archery-based sport games and to verify its practical relevance through primary questionnaire data. A sequential exploratory mixed-methods design was employed. The first phase consisted of a systematic literature review conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A Scopus search identified 170 records, which were screened based on publication year, article type, language, access status, primary data orientation, and relevance to archery, target sports, physical education games, attention, and numeracy integration. A total of 25 articles were included in the narrative synthesis. The second phase was conducted using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire administered to 25 elementary school physical education students who had experience in archery courses. The results showed very high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.945. The overall item mean was 4.47 out of 5, the mean total score was 120.80 out of 135 with SD = 10.81, and 96.74% of responses were categorized as positive. The safety and readiness construct obtained the highest mean score (M = 4.75), followed by attention enhancement (M = 4.49), motivation and engagement (M = 4.49), game-based learning design (M = 4.42), numeracy integration (M = 4.38), and implementation feasibility (M = 4.34). The integration of both findings indicates that archery-based games have the potential to serve as a safe, engaging, and measurable physical education strategy for training focus and embedding contextual numeracy activities. However, claims regarding numeracy improvement still require direct experimental testing with elementary school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hendra Setyawan, Widha Srianto, Ismail Gani, Diah Andika Sari, Matsuri, Ratko Pavlovic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Moderation of Learning Motivation on the Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning on Elementary School Students' Science Literacy: Quasi-Experimental Pretest–Posttest
This research is motivated by the importance of scientific literacy at the elementary school level and the need for an effective learning model to improve it, by considering students' psychological factors such as learning motivation. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and learning motivation on elementary school students' scientific literacy, and to test the interaction between the two variables. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest nonequivalent control group. The sample consisted of 60 fourth-grade students at Mekar Bakti Public Elementary School, Indonesia, divided into two classes (n=30 each). Scientific literacy was measured using a PISA-oriented essay test (scale 0–100), while learning motivation was assessed with a 40-item Likert questionnaire (α=0.884). Data were analyzed using a 2×2 factorial ANOVA and Tukey HSD follow-up test. The findings showed that: Students in the PBL class achieved higher scientific literacy than those in the conventional class (M=78.63 vs 68.57; p=0.001); Students with high motivation outperformed students with low motivation (M=76.67 vs 70.53; p=0.039); There was a significant interaction between PBL and learning motivation (F (1.56) =17.23; p<0.001); The post-hoc test results showed that the PBL-high motivation group performed significantly better than the other three groups. These findings indicate that the PBL model is most effective when student motivation is high.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rina Astuti, Adhi Susilo, Rai Bagus Triadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Academic Self-Efficacy, Achievement Motivation, and Academic Resilience as Predictors of Science Learning Outcomes among Students in the Elementary School Teacher Education Programme
Science learning outcomes among elementary school teacher education students are determined not only by mastery of content but also by psychological factors that influence engagement, persistence, and academic success. This study aimed to analyse the effects of academic self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and academic resilience on the science learning outcomes of students in the Elementary School Teacher Education Programme. The study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational survey design. The respondents comprised 136 students. Data were collected through a four-point Likert-scale questionnaire, with 16 items for each variable, and were then analysed using multiple linear regression. Instrument quality indicated that all items were valid and reliable, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.951 for academic self-efficacy, 0.953 for achievement motivation, 0.962 for academic resilience, and 0.979 for science learning outcomes. The findings showed that the three predictors simultaneously had a significant effect on science learning outcomes with R = 0.909, R² = 0.826, and F(3,132) = 209.460, p < 0.001. Partially, academic self-efficacy had a significant positive effect, academic resilience emerged as the most dominant predictor, whereas achievement motivation had no significant effect after being controlled together with the other variables. These findings underscore that improving the science learning outcomes of Elementary School Teacher Education students should focus on strengthening academic confidence and learning resilience through challenging, supportive, and sustainable learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agung Hastomo, Hendra Setyawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigation of High School Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Light Waves: Survey in West Java
Conceptual understanding is key to learning. It serves as the groundwork that enables students to apply concepts and build higher-order skills. However, previous studies have shown that students’ conceptual understanding of light waves remains limited, and comprehensive data across multiple regions are still lacking. This study investigates students’ conceptual understanding of light waves in West Java. The sample comprised 189 twelfth-grade students who had completed instruction on light waves, selected using a random sampling technique. Employing a survey design with a quantitative descriptive approach, data were analyzed using Rasch Model techniques. The instrument used was a 29-item multiple-choice Light Phenomena Conceptual Assessment (LPCA) which has been validated and reported as reliable. Based on person logit scores, results indicate that 58.73% of students fall into the low-ability category, 26.98% into the medium category, and 14.29% into the high category. These results indicate that majority of students have not yet attained an adequate level of conceptual understanding and still experience difficulties in understanding light wave concepts, which may limit their problem-solving abilities. These outcomes can inform educators and researchers in designing instructional strategies and learning media to more effectively teach light wave concepts and thereby improve students’ conceptual grasp.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syafnah Aisyah Nauli Harahap, Ika Mustika Sari, Dadi Rusdiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Science and Entrepreneurial Character Among Islamic Boarding School Students Through an Integrated Agribusiness Model
This study analyzes the integration of scientific knowledge and entrepreneurial character development among santri (Islamic boarding school students) through an integrated agribusiness model at two pesantren in East Ogan Komering Ulu, Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study approach with interviews, observation, and document analysis, findings reveal that both institutions systematically combine scientific agricultural practices—such as hydroponics, organic cultivation, and sustainable resource management—with Islamic ethical principles like amanah (trustworthiness) and muamalah fiqh. Three core strategies emerged: value-infused mentorship, reflective practice, and community-engaged learning, which collectively cultivate a distinctive "santripreneur" identity wherein scientific literacy, economic agency, and spiritual accountability mutually reinforce one another. Santri demonstrated enhanced entrepreneurial self-efficacy, innovation orientation, evidence-based decision-making, and ethical reasoning. The study concludes that integrated agribusiness models effectively internalize entrepreneurial character when grounded in experiential learning, science-based pedagogy, and value-based instruction. However, scalability requires addressing systemic constraints—including technological access, market linkages, and educator capacity—through coordinated multi-stakeholder support. These insights offer a replicable framework for Islamic educational institutions seeking to cultivate ethically grounded, scientifically literate, and economically resilient graduates capable of contributing to sustainable rural development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afiful Ihwan, Wahidmurni, Jamiluddin Yacub https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0