Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA contains scientific articles form of research results that include science, technology, and teaching in the field of science. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA is published monthly. Authors across the globe are welcome to submit their research papers in the prestigious journal fulfilling the requisite criterion.
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The Relationship between Metacognitive Awareness, Self-Efficacy and Learning Motivation on Biology Learning Outcomes of Grade XI Students of State Senior High Schools in Soppeng Regency
This study aims to analyze the relationship between metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy, and learning motivation on biology learning outcomes of eleventh-grade students in public high schools in Soppeng Regency, both directly and indirectly. This quantitative study employed an ex post facto correlation approach with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis techniques. A sample of 505 students was selected using simple random sampling and proportional sampling techniques from a total population of 1.444 students. The instruments used included questionnaires on metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy, and learning motivation, as well as a biology learning achievement test. The results showed that metacognitive awareness was significantly related to learning motivation (p=0.00), but had no direct effect on learning outcomes (p=0.06). Self-efficacy was significantly related to learning outcomes (p=0.01), but not significantly to learning motivation (p=0.06). Learning motivation was also significantly related to learning outcomes (p=0.00). Indirectly, metacognitive awareness has a significant relationship with learning outcomes through the mediation of learning motivation (p=0.00) and self-efficacy (p=0.02). However, the indirect relationship between self-efficacy and learning outcomes through learning motivation was not significant (p=0.16). The conclusion of this study confirms that learning motivation plays a crucial role as a primary mediator. Increasing metacognitive awareness and self-efficacy needs to be optimized in an integrated manner to improve student learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wirna Arsyad, Muhiddin Palenari, Alimuddin Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Modernization on Local Wisdom among the Baduy Luar Community in Lebak Regency, Banten, Indonesia
The Baduy are one of the indigenous communities in Indonesia who continue to preserve local wisdom rooted in Sundanese customary law and reside in Lebak Regency, Banten Province. Among the Baduy community, the Baduy Luar demonstrate a relatively adaptive interaction with modernization while maintaining adherence to customary values. This study aims to analyze the forms of local wisdom among the Baduy Luar community, examine the roles of the community and local government in preserving these values, and identify the impacts of modernization on their sustainability. The novelty of this research lies in the use of an ethnoecological perspective to explore the relationship between local wisdom, environmental practices, and socio-cultural adaptation within the context of modernization. This study employed a qualitative approach with an ethnoecological perspective. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six purposively selected informants consisting of customary leaders, village officials, and representatives of both older and younger generations of the Baduy Luar community, supported by direct observations and documentation. The research was conducted in Kanekes Village, Leuwidamar District, Lebak Regency, on August 10–11, 2024. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis through stages of data reduction, categorization, interpretation, and triangulation of sources and methods to ensure data validity. The findings indicate that local wisdom within the Baduy Luar community is reflected in seven cultural elements: language, knowledge systems, social organization, subsistence and technological systems, livelihood patterns, religious beliefs, and traditional arts. The preservation of these values is primarily maintained through adherence to customary law, while local government involvement is manifested through regional regulations that recognize and protect indigenous traditions. However, modernization has also increased dependence on modern elements, resulting in economic reliance, cultural penetration, social transformation, and the emergence of local resistance as a form of cultural resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alya Raissa Putri, Athaya Raisa Aqilah, Nabilah Fikri Hardiani, Candrika Adhiyasa, Syifa Salsabila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Learning Transformation in the Digital Era: The Role of Technology in Improving the Quality of Education Digital Transformation
Digital transformation has brought significant changes to various sectors of life, including education. The development of information and communication technology has driven a paradigm shift in learning from conventional models to digital-based learning that is more flexible, interactive, and student-centered. This article aims to analyze the role of technology in improving the quality of education through learning innovation, accessibility, and the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive-analytical approach through a literature review of various academic journals and books. The results of the study indicate that the use of digital technologies such as Learning Management Systems (LMS), online learning, artificial intelligence, and interactive multimedia contributes to increasing student engagement, equalizing access to education, and strengthening 21st-century competencies. However, this transformation also faces challenges such as the digital divide, human resource readiness, and ethical aspects of technology use. Therefore, integrated policies and implementation strategies are needed to ensure that technology truly improves the quality of education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Halim Dwi Putra, Renta Maranata Sirait, Linda Sari, Lukman Affandi, Adela Anita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Ethnomathematics-Based Modules Assisted by the Canva Application to Improve Understanding of Scientific Literacy and Mathematical of Pirie-Kieren Theory
This research is motivated by the limited ethnomathematics learning tools that specifically explore local culture and the lack of analysis of students' scientific literacy and mathematical understanding based on Pirie-Kieren's theory. This study aims to develop an ethnomathematics module based on Tulungagung's traditional batik that is valid, practical, and effective in improving students' scientific literacy and mathematical understanding. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate), this study involved 60 ninth-grade students as trial subjects. The research instruments included a validation questionnaire, observation sheets, and an understanding test. The results of the material expert validation showed a percentage of 88.31%, and the teacher practitioner validation was 88.65%, both of which are in the valid category. The small group trial resulted in a score of 81.53% (very good). In the field test, the experimental class used a module assisted by the Canva application, while the control class used conventional teaching materials. The analysis results showed that students in the experimental class were able to achieve eight layers of thinking according to Pirie-Kieren's theory, while the control class only achieved five layers. Thus, the Tulungagung batik ethnomathematics module is proven to meet the quality criteria and has a significant effect on improving students' scientific literacy and mathematical understanding comprehensively.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farid Imroatus Sholihah, Salma Zahranaya Fatikha, M. Haviz, Rian Vebrianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Vegetation Diversity Supporting the Activities of Cenderawasih Birds (Paradisaeidae) in the Tablasupa Village Forest, Depapre District, Papua
This limited knowledge has the potential to hamper community-based conservation efforts, as effective habitat protection requires a detailed understanding of the vegetation types that support the entire life cycle of the animal. Therefore, focused research is needed to map the types of vegetation or trees that primarily support the activities of the Cenderawasih birds in the Tablasupa Village forest. This research method uses quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods using exploratory survey techniques. Study aims to describe the habitat of the Cenderawasih bird (family Paradisaeidae) in the forest of Tablasupa Village, Depapre District, Jayapura Regency, Papua. Identifying the tree species used by the bird in carrying out its activities. The Cenderawasih bird is an endemic animal of Papua that has high ecological, aesthetic, and cultural value. Data collection was carried out at predetermined observation spots at the research location, with the methods used including direct observation, exploration, and literature study. The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. This study shows that there are certain trees that can be used by the Cenderawasih bird to carry out its activities. Eleven tree species are used by the Cenderawasih bird for various activities, namely seven tree species as play areas, three species as food trees, and one tree species as a bed for the Cenderawasih bird. The presence of certain tree species greatly influences the survival and activities of the Cenderawasih bird.
Copyright (c) 2026 Katrina Sada, Alfred Alfonso Antoh, Edoward Krisson Raunsay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Robotics-Integrated ESD STEM Learning to Improve Elementary School Students' Creative Thinking and Communication Skills
The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of STEM ESD learning integrated with robotics in improving students' creative thinking and communication skills on environmental material. The study used a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design for 118 sixth-grade students from four elementary schools in Bogor. The single-group design was chosen because the research focused on implementing learning innovations directly in the context of partner schools without changing the class divisions that have been established by the schools. The intervention was implemented over six meetings through ecosystem guard robot and trash cleaning robot projects that involved stages of environmental problem exploration, design, assembly, testing, and product presentation. Data were collected through creative thinking skills tests, peer assessments, observations, presentation assessments, and student interviews, then analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon test, and qualitative analysis. The results showed a significant increase in creative thinking skills with an average pretest score of 4.950 increasing to 7.710 in the posttest and an N-gain value of 0.688 (medium-high category). The highest increase occurred in the generate diverse ideas indicator with an N-gain of 0.864, followed by generate creative ideas at 0.645 and evaluate and improve ideas at 0.584. Communication skills also increased from an average pretest of 40.200 to 45.610 in the posttest with an N-gain of 0.304 (medium category). The communication aspects that experienced the most prominent improvement were the ability to discuss, convey ideas verbally, and collaborate in groups, while formal communication during presentations still needed strengthening. The Wilcoxon test results showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest in creative thinking skills (Z = -8.536; p < 0.05) and communication (Z = -9.460; p < 0.05). Thus, project-based robotics-integrated STEM ESD learning is effective in improving elementary school students' creative thinking and communication skills while supporting the development of 21st-century competencies in a contextual and sustainable manner.
Copyright (c) 2026 Christina Lestari Retno Mahanani, Didit Ardianto, M. Zainal Arifin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Diagnostic Assessment of Small Dam Performance Using a Hierarchical Composite Index: Limiting Indicators and Robustness Analysis in Semi-Arid Area
Small dams are strategic infrastructure in semi-arid areas such as Kupang, where performance sustainability is shaped by technical and institutional dimensions. This study analyzes the performance of three small dams, namely Oelanisa, Bisiti, and Oekolo, using a hierarchical composite index to identify limiting indicators and examine weighting robustness within the Performance Index Model of Small Dams (IKEK). A total of 37 indicators across physical, O&M, institutional, and service aspects were evaluated through weighted linear aggregation and six weighting scenarios. Using an inverse scoring convention (lower = better), IKEK values were 2.44 for Oelanisa (Moderate-2), 2.86 for Bisiti (Moderate-4), and 2.97 for Oekolo (Poor), indicating systemic deficiencies despite water availability reliability. The O&M aspect contributed 63.51–66.43% to the total index, a consequence of its structural weight (0.53) combined with poor O&M performance, reflecting governance weaknesses rather than model imbalance. Staff competence held the highest effective weight (β = 0.1549) and greatest marginal impact (∆IKEK = 0.465), the maximum index gain achievable at optimal condition. Robustness testing confirmed ranking stability, demonstrating performance differences are structurally determined by actual score distributions. These findings affirm that strengthening O&M capacity and institutional governance is the primary rehabilitation priority in semi-arid small dam systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sessito Vincentius Sapay, Pitojo Tri Juwono, M. Amar Sajali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Laboratory Supervision for Improving Learning Quality in Higher Education Chemistry Practicums
This study examines the effectiveness of laboratory supervision in chemistry practicum activities in higher education. Effective supervision is essential to ensure student safety, structured learning processes, and optimal achievement of learning outcomes. A quantitative survey method was employed involving 88 undergraduate students from a Chemistry Education program who actively participated in chemistry laboratory practicums. Data were collected through structured online questionnaires using a dichotomous (Guttman) scale to capture the implementation of supervision practices. The questionnaire was validated through expert judgment and demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.705). The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques to determine supervision effectiveness across five aspects based on predetermined effectiveness criteria. The results indicate that overall supervision effectiveness reached 81.69% (Good category). High effectiveness was found in practicum implementation (90.23%), laboratory assistant guidance (94.91%), equipment and materials (87.40%), and practicum guidelines (93.43%). However, lecturer guidance showed significantly lower effectiveness (42.50%, Poor category), indicating a critical gap in direct academic supervision. In conclusion, laboratory supervision has been effectively implemented in most aspects; however, strengthening lecturer involvement remains essential to improve learning quality and support instructional objectives in chemistry practicum activities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rody Putra Sartika, Lukman Hadi, Hasan Argadinata, Arin Ika Puspitaningsih, Ghasa Faraasyatul ‘Alam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ecoprint Motif Analysis Using Young Teak Leaves with Tunggung Fixation Applied to Artificial Fibers
This study aims to analyze the effect of tunjung (ferrous sulfate) fixation duration on the color quality and motif clarity of ecoprinted fabrics made from young teak (Tectona grandis) leaves applied to artificial fibers. The research supports the development of eco-friendly natural dye applications and innovation in textile and fashion education. A descriptive quantitative method was used, employing trend and percentage analyses based on evaluations from three textile experts. The assessment covered five aspects: color brightness, motif clarity, motif arrangement neatness, cleanliness, and overall appearance. The results showed that fixation durations of 10, 30, and 60 minutes did not significantly influence color brightness or motif quality, indicating that the dye–fiber bonding equilibrium was achieved within 10 minutes. However, qualitative observations revealed that samples fixed for 30 minutes exhibited slightly clearer motifs due to mild oxidation and pigment redistribution during steaming and drying. These findings suggest that a 10-minute fixation duration is sufficient for efficient dye bonding, while a 30-minute duration may enhance visual definition. The study contributes to sustainable textile innovation by demonstrating that teak leaf pigments combined with tunjung mordant can produce eco-friendly, visually appealing fabrics suitable for fashion and textile learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farihah, Winda Hastuti, Halimul Bahri, Yudhistira Anggraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mapping of Liquefaction Potential in the Capital City of Sofifi, North Maluku Based on Groundwater Level Data as Disaster Mitigation
North Maluku Province, an eastern Indonesian region characterized by complex geological features, has its capital city, Sofifi, experiencing rapid development. However, Sofifi is a low-lying area with productive aquifers situated in an active seismic zone, rendering it highly susceptible to liquefaction. Liquefaction, defined as the loss of soil shear strength due to increased pore water pressure during an earthquake, frequently occurs in water-saturated sediments with fine to medium grain sizes. This study assesses liquefaction potential by correlating residual gravity anomalies, groundwater levels, and liquefaction vulnerability maps. Gravity data were sourced from GGMplus satellite imagery (200-meter resolution), and groundwater levels were directly measured at 367 well locations. Spatial analysis, conducted using ArcGIS 18.0 software, generated maps of gravity anomaly distribution and groundwater levels. These maps were subsequently validated against liquefaction susceptibility maps from BNPB (inaRISK). The results indicate a strong correlation between zones of low gravity anomalies (−1.7 to −0.1 mGal) and shallow groundwater levels (0−366 cm) in Sofifi City with high liquefaction vulnerability, particularly in the northwestern and central areas. The integration of geophysical and hydrogeological parameters proved effective in identifying liquefaction-prone zones. These findings are anticipated to serve as a crucial basis for spatial planning and disaster mitigation strategies in coastal urban areas like Sofifi.
Copyright (c) 2026 Armanto Arif, Adi Susilo, Rahim Achmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation E-Module on Anthropogenic Climate Change To Enhance Creative Thinking Skills
This study aims to develop an e-module on anthropogenic climate change to enhance students' creative thinking skills. This research is a Research and Development (R&D), using the ADDIE development model. The research was conducted at MAN Tolitoli, taking 28 students each from the experimental class and the control class as comparators in this study. The results of the Cohen's effect size analysis yielded 0.48, categorised as medium, and there was also a significant increase in creative thinking skills in the experimental class, which improved from the category of fairly skilled to skilled and even very skilled in each session. Additionally, there was an improvement in the posttest results of the students in the experimental class.
Copyright (c) 2026 Musdalifa, Darsikin, Unggul Wahyono, Sitti Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing Green Skills through the Teaching Factory Learning Model to Support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Vocational education in Indonesia faces challenges in preparing graduates who are aligned with the needs of industries transitioning toward a green economy. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of integrating green skills into the Teaching Factory (TeFa) learning model in the Agricultural Product Processing Program at SMKN PP Lembang. The study employed a quasi-experimental approach using a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 31 students. The intervention was implemented through the modification of TeFa work instructions by embedding five green skill dimensions: environmental awareness, innovation, communication, adaptability, and waste management. Data were collected through pretest and posttest assessments and student perception questionnaires, and were enriched by input from industry assessors as contextual validation of competency applicability in the workplace. The results showed that the students’ mean score increased from 63.23 to 84.62, with an N-Gain score of 0.57, indicating moderate effectiveness. The most notable improvements were found in environmental awareness and innovation. These findings indicate that integrating green skills into TeFa work instructions is effective in improving student competencies and strengthening the relevance of vocational learning to sustainability-oriented industrial demands.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tiara Maulida Yanti, Tuti Suartini, Dimas Aulia Saputra, Mustika Nuramalia Handayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Job Sheet for Mechanical Measuring Instruments Using Virtual Learning and Project-Based Learning in the Motorcycle Engineering Department at SMK Negeri 2 Palembang
This study aims to develop a mechanical measurement practical worksheet integrated with Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and delivered through a Learning Management System (Google Classroom), as well as to examine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The study employed the ADDIE development model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages, with PjBL principles embedded in the product design and learning activities. The participants were 35 tenth-grade vocational students (N=35). The results showed that the developed worksheet achieved a very high level of validity based on expert evaluations of media, content, and language, with an average score of 94.6%. In terms of practicality, teacher and student responses reached 92.72% and 93.18%, respectively, both categorized as “very good,” indicating that the worksheet is easy to use and supports flexible practical learning. Regarding effectiveness, students’ learning outcomes improved significantly, with mean scores increasing from 30.92 (pretest) to 86.00 (posttest) and an N-gain of 0.80 (high category). Hypothesis testing confirmed a significant difference (p < 0.05) before and after implementation. In conclusion, the PjBL-integrated mechanical measurement practical worksheet distributed through Google Classroom as an LMS is valid, practical, and effective in improving students’ learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adel Lia Mardiana, Aewizet K, Refdinal, Jonni Mardizal, Abdul Habib Arrasyidi Desky https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Stub Length and Texture of Pruning Wound Surface on the Wound Occlusion (Case Study on Tree Healt at the Mataram University Campus)
Improper tree pruning, such as leaving long stubs and rough pruning wounds often leads to tree health problems in the form of poor wound occulision. This study aimed to determine the effect of stub length and pruning wound texture on wound occlusion. Stub length was measured in cm, wound texture was scored as 0 if rough and 1 if smooth, and wound occlusion was measured as the % of wound surface area covered. The influence of stub length and wound texture was tested using regression analysis. The results showed that on short stubs (4-12 cm), smooth wounds produced good to very good occlusion, while rough wounds produced poor occlusion. As the stub length increases to 14–35 cm (medium stub), smooth wounds still produced rather to good occlusion. On long stubs (40-100 cm), maximum occlusion was only rather good and predominantly poor. In very long stubs (>100 cm), occlusion was consistently poor to very poor, regardless of wound texture. Stub length and wound texture significantly influence wound occlusion with the model Y = 57.7283 -0.44X1 +13.03X2. To achieve good occlusion (>65%), the remaining stub length should be <14 cm with a smooth pruning wound.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suripto, Lalu Muhammad Aby Dujana, Rachmawati Noviana Rahayu, Supardiono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design and Experimental Validation of qPCR Primer for Drought-Responsive CaHsfA2 Gene in Capsicum annuum for Sustainable Crop Production
Drought stress severely reduces plant productivity by disrupting photosynthesis and cellular homeostasis. Plants respond through regulatory networks involving stress-responsive genes, including heat shock proteins (HSPs), regulated by heat shock transcription factors (HSFs). Among these, HsfA2 plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance, including drought. Although CaHsfA2 expression has been reported in Capsicum annuum, validated primers for quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis remain limited. This study aimed to design and validate specific primers for CaHsfA2 expression analysis. Primer candidates were designed from sequence NM_001324561.1 using Primer-BLAST and evaluated based on length, GC content, melting temperature (Tm), and self-complementarity. Total RNA was extracted from chili roots subjected to drought stress (50% field capacity) and nanopriming with Padina minor, followed by cDNA synthesis, gradient PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis.. Secondary structures were analyzed using OligoAnalyzer. Of ten primer pairs, four met the criteria, and primer set 1 (1_CaHsfA2) showed optimal characteristics (%GC 55%, Tm 60°C, product length 190 bp) and minimal secondary structure potential (ΔG > −9 kcal/mol). Gradient PCR (55.3–59.2°C) produced a single band (~193 bp), consistent with the predicted size (190 bp), with an optimal annealing temperature of 57.3°C, confirming its specificity and suitability for qPCR-based gene expression analysis under drought conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suwirmen, Zozy Aneloi Noli, Anthonie Agustien, Djong Hon Tjong, Amanda Nurhafitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Sugar Concentration on Microbiological and Physicochemical Stability of Soursop Jam
Soursop jam is a local fruit-based product with potential for food diversification; however, its high moisture content increases susceptibility to microbiological deterioration during room-temperature storage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different sugar concentrations on the microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of soursop jam and to determine its shelf life using a critical limit and risk-based microbiological assessment approach. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of microbiological indicators with physicochemical parameters to explain biological failure during storage of local fruit-based jam products. The experiment used three sugar concentrations, namely 50%, 60%, and 70% (w/w), with duplicate analyses for each treatment. Storage observations were conducted for 20 days at room temperature (27–30 °C), while microbiological analysis referred to ISO 4833-1:2013 and SNI 3746:2008 as the critical microbiological limit. The results showed that initial Total Plate Count values ranged from 23.50 × 10³ to 34.00 × 10³ CFU g⁻¹, which remained below the permissible limit. Moisture content decreased from 48.36% to 36.80% with increasing sugar concentration, while vitamin C content increased from 7.86 to 10.48 mg/100 g. The jam with 60% sugar concentration showed the highest sensory acceptance scores for color (4.64 ± 0.42) and aroma (4.78 ± 0.40). However, visible mold and yeast growth appeared after 20 days of storage in all treatments. Based on the critical limit approach, the shelf life of soursop jam is recommended not to exceed one week under room-temperature storage conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Regina Ilse Marcelina BanoEt, Amanda Priscilla Nainiti, Margarethy Rohanie Mbado, Jemmy J. S. Dethan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Phenomenon-Based Learning on Students' Critical Thinking and Communication Skills
This study was conducted in relation to the phenomenon-based learning approach, which aimed to determine the effect of phenomenon-based learning on students' critical thinking and communication skills. This study was a quantitative study with a multi-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. In this study, there were four classes used, consisting of three classes taught using PhBL (phenomenon-based learning) with different variations, namely direct, mediated, and integrated PhBL, and one control class taught using STAD (student teams achievement division) learning. The results showed that phenomenon-based learning had a significant effect on critical thinking skills with a value of f=21.93 p<.05 and communication skills f=12.65 p<.05. Based on the three variations in PhBL learning, integrated PhBL learning showed the highest significant results in improving critical thinking skills with an average of 91.57 and communication skills of students with an average of 90.22. followed by direct PhBL learning with an average critical thinking skill of 89.48 and communication skill of 90.00, and finally mediated PhBL with an average critical thinking skill of 88.96 and communication skill of 88.45. The results of this study indicate that phenomenon-based learning is effective in improving students' critical thinking and communication skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Anisa Oktobianti, Adnan, Andi Mu'nisa, Firdaus Daud, Andi Asmawati Azis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Teacher Needs for the Development of Ethno-ESD-Based Science Modules in Elementary Schools
Science learning in elementary schools is frequently dominated by traditional, teacher-centered instruction that fails to systematically cultivate students' 21st-century competencies, particularly critical thinking skills. While ethnoscience and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) offer powerful contextual frameworks, previous research often addresses them in isolation, leaving a critical gap in integrated instructional designs that are rooted in empirical field needs. This study aims to analyze teacher needs regarding the development of an integrated Ethno-ESD science module to strategically strengthen critical thinking in primary education. Operating within the initial analysis phase of a design-based research (DBR) framework, this study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with two grade IV public elementary school teachers selected via purposive sampling. The thematic analysis revealed distinct categories of structural needs: (1) a shift from rote-memorization tasks toward structured problem-based inquiry, (2) the systematic integration of local cultural contexts—specifically traditional palm sugar production—as core learning frameworks rather than incidental examples, and (3) the inclusion of explicit critical thinking rubrics and argumentation tasks. These findings provide an empirical foundation and design specifications for developing actionable Ethno-ESD learning modules in the subsequent phase of research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hesti Widia Astuti, Ghullam Hamdu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Tourism Carrying Capacity and Land Carrying Capacity in Nyama Hamlet, Moa Island, Southwest Maluku Regency
Gerdarsi Beach is an undeveloped beach in Nyama Hamlet, Southwest Maluku Island, Indonesia. It features a 1.5 km long white sandy shoreline, coral reefs 100-300 m offshore, lowland topography (0-5 m above sea level), savannah vegetation, and minimal basic infrastructure. With only one manager, this beach serves as a representative case study for research on carrying capacity in remote destinations in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to calculate tourism carrying capacity (physical carrying capacity, real carrying capacity, and effective carrying capacity). Carrying capacity is used to calculate land capacity, population size, and space per person. A quantitative method was used, with calculations based on Douglass, Vandelli, and Muhammad using Microsoft Excel to calculate the tourism carrying capacity. The research results show that the current tourist arrival rate is 302 people per day, while the physical carrying capacity (PCC) reaches 2,966,860 people per day. The actual carrying capacity (RCC) and effective carrying capacity (ECC) have been exceeded by 302 visits per day, necessitating control through visitor restrictions. The land carrying capacity, with an area of ​​17.20 km² and a population of 935, is 1.83 ha per person. This study concludes that PCC is still feasible for development, while RCC and ECC need to be remanaged or controlled. The land carrying capacity, with an area of ​​17.20 km² and a population of 935, is 1.83 ha per person. This study concludes that PCC is still feasible for development, while RCC and ECC need to be remanaged or controlled. The contribution of this research is to provide an integrated management model for PCC, RCC, ECC, and land carrying capacity in the Nyama Hamlet residential area, as well as to provide scientific data for sustainable management planning at the local and international levels.
Copyright (c) 2026 Grano V kayapa, Rita Parmawati, Dini Atikawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Potential of Clove Syrup as an Antioxidant Agent in Protecting Leydig and Sertoli Cell Counts in Cigarette Smoke Exposed Rat Model
This study aims to evaluate the potential of clove syrup as an antioxidant agent to prevent the decrease in the number of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells in a rat model exposed to cigarette smoke. This study used a randomized controlled trial (CRD), where 18 rats were divided into 6 treatment groups with 3 replications, namely K(N): not given treatment, K(-): a group of rats that were given vitamin C then exposed to cigarette smoke 10 cigarettes/day for 14 days, K(+): A group of rats that were exposed to cigarette smoke 10 cigarettes/day for 14 days, and a group of rats that were given clove syrup 1.28ml (P1), clove syrup 2.56ml (P2), clove syrup 3.84ml (P3) then exposed to cigarette smoke 10 cigarettes/day for 14 days. After the rat were treated and necropsied, the testes were taken for HE staining. Leydig cells and Sertoli cells were counted, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA. The results were then further analyzed using the Duncan test (α=0.05) in SAS, followed by the smallest significant difference test. The results of the study showed that clove syrup has antioxidant activity in protecting the number of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adrien Jems Akiles Unitly, Adeleyda M. W. Lumingkewas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of PjBL Model Assisted by Revit Application on Students' Building Drawing Learning Outcomes in the DPIB Department at SMK Negeri 4 Palembang
Building drawing instruction in vocational secondary schools (SMK) continues to face significant challenges, particularly low student learning outcomes attributed to teacher-centered approaches and suboptimal integration of industry-relevant technology. This study aims to analyze the differences in building drawing learning outcomes across cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains between students taught using the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model assisted by Revit and those receiving conventional instruction in the DPIB department at SMK Negeri 4 Palembang. A quantitative quasi-experimental design with Non-Equivalent Control Group and pretest–posttest procedure was employed. Subjects were Grade XII DPIB students in the 2024/2025 academic year: experimental group (n = 32) and control group (n = 30). Data were collected through cognitive tests, project assessment rubrics, and attitude questionnaires, then analyzed using independent and paired sample t-tests after fulfilling normality and homogeneity requirements, with effect size measured by Cohen's d. The PjBL-Revit model was implemented at a very good level (88.89%). Cognitive outcomes differed significantly between experimental (M = 89.91) and control groups (M = 67.27), with p < 0.05 and a very large effect size (Cohen's d = 4.74). Psychomotor outcomes also differed significantly (experimental: M = 77.95 vs. control: M = 65.40), as did affective outcomes (experimental: M = 3.14/4.00 vs. control: M = 2.71/4.00). These findings confirm that PjBL assisted by Revit not only enhances technical drawing competencies but also aligns vocational training with digital construction industry standards.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sahera Silvia Vaesar, Muhammad Giatman, Fahmi Rizal, Elfizon, Abdul Habib Arrasyidi Desky https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainable Organic Waste Reduction Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae: The Effect of Music Variation on Bioconversion Performance
Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae are widely recognized as a sustainable solution for organic waste reduction due to their ability to convert waste into valuable biomass. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of music variations on the bioconversion performance of BSF larvae. A laboratory experiment was conducted using five sound treatments: no music (A), random music (B), dangdut music (C), classical music (D), and metal music (E). The larvae were fed organic waste, and the observed parameters included Waste Reduction Index (WRI), Efficiency of Conversion of Digested Feed (ECD), Survival Rate (SR), and protein content. The results showed that music variations did not significantly affect all observed parameters (p > 0.05). However, the classical music treatment tended to produce higher WRI and ECD values compared to the other treatments. The survival rate and protein content of the larvae were relatively similar across all treatments. These findings indicate that sound exposure does not significantly affect the bioconversion performance of BSF larvae, but certain types of music may provide more favorable conditions. This study supports the application of BSF larvae in sustainable organic waste management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dhea Andini, Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan, Sri Sumiyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Acupressure and Lavender Aromatherapy on Breast Milk Production and Uterine Involution in Post Partum Mothers
During the postpartum period, two processes occur: uterine involution and lactation. Acupressure can help maximize prolactin and oxytocin receptor activity, minimize the side effects of delayed breastfeeding in the baby, and influence oxytocin release, which triggers uterine muscle contractions and retraction, thereby accelerating uterine involution. Lavender aromatherapy induces a relaxing effect through the central nervous system, which can help increase oxytocin production—a hormone that plays a role in boosting breast milk production—and triggers uterine contractions to accelerate uterine involution. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of acupressure and lavender aromatherapy on breast milk production and uterine involution in postpartum mothers before and after intervention. The study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The population consisted of breastfeeding postpartum mothers at the PMB in Curup City, Rejang Lebong Regency, and the PMB in Aceh Besar City. The sample was selected using simple random sampling and included 82 respondents divided into two groups of 41 each. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire designed to gather information about the respondents' characteristics, as well as an observation sheet to monitor breast milk production and assess uterine involution. The acupressure therapy intervention involved applying pressure to three specific points: Large Intestine 4 (LI 4), Stomach 36 (ST 36), and Small Intestine 1 (SI 1). This was complemented by the use of lavender aromatherapy. The study results indicated that both acupressure and lavender aromatherapy had a significant impact on breast milk production and uterine involution (P ≤ 0.05). Overall, the administration of acupressure and lavender aromatherapy proved to be effective in enhancing breast milk production and promoting faster uterine involution in postpartum mothers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kurniyati, Wenny Indah Purnama Eka Sari, Kartinazahri, Yusnaini, Derison Marsinova Bakara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Non-Tariff Barriers and the Dynamics of Coffee Export Competitiveness: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Vietnam
Indonesia is one of the world’s major coffee producers, however its export competitiveness remains relatively weaker and less stable than that of key competitors such as Vietnam. Previous studies on Indonesian coffee exports have largely focused on production and price dynamics, while the role of non-tariff barriers in shaping export competitiveness has received limited attention. This study therefore analyze the impact of non-tariff barriers on the competitiveness of Indonesian and Vietnamese coffee exports in major destination markets. The analysis employs the inventory approach, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and the Gravity Model using panel data of key importing countries during 2005-2024 period. The results indicate that Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures are the most dominant non-tariff barriers, as reflected by the Frequency Ratio (FR) and Coverage Ratio (CR) indicators, with 17 incident codes regulating a significant share of coffee trade. The results show that Indonesian coffee maintains a comparative advantage, as reflected by RCA values above one and positive RSCA values; however, this advantage is lower and less stable than that of Vietnam. EPD analysis further confirms that Indonesia’s coffee exports are predominantly positioned in the lost opportunity, retreat, and falling star quadrants. Moreover, the estimation results indicate that both SPS and TBT significantly reduce the export competitiveness of Indonesian and Vietnamese coffee. These findings suggest that improving compliance with international standards, strengthening certification systems, and enhancing traceability and quality control are essential policy priorities for improving the global competitiveness of Indonesian coffee exports.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nazla Atikah Hikmatias Nasution, Sahara, Novindra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Study of Pest Inventory and Disease Control in Organic-Based Food Crops at the Land Suitability Level in the Medium Plains Area in the Dry Land of North Central Timor Regency
Conventional farming is a farming system still commonly used in Indonesia. Organic pesticides are pest and disease control products made from organic materials. This trend aligns with increasing public awareness of health and environmental sustainability issues. However, the success of organic farming is highly dependent on the ability of farmers to manage environmental factors, including the threat of Plant Pest Organisms (OPT), namely pests and diseases, without using chemicals. This study aims to inventory in detail the main pest and disease species in organic food crops in the middle plains of dry land TTU, analyze the correlation between the level of OPT attacks with the level of land suitability and formulate adaptive and site-specific organic control strategies, based on the inventory findings. This study was conducted in Lapeom Village, Insana Barat District, North Central Timor Regency. This study used active collection methods (browsing method) and passive (trap method). Active collection by direct collection using insect nets (sweep net) and direct collection using hands (hand picking and direct observation), while in passive collection using insect traps consisting of yellow traps, methyl eugenol attractants and pitfall traps using 5 pest control methods, namely yellow traps, methyl eugenol attractants, pitfall traps, sweep nets and hand picking and direct observation. The results of the study showed that there were 8 orders and 22 families of insect pests from 5 observation methods, namely: Pittfal trap, Yellow trap, Sweep net, Attractant and Hand picking and direct observation: Insect pests consist of: order Blattodea (family Ectobiidae), order Coleoptera (family Chrysomelidae), order Diptera (family Tepharitidae, family Muscidae, family Bibionidae, family Calliphoridae), order Hemiptera (family Cicadellidae, family Alydidae), order Lepidoptera (family Erebidae, family Crambidae), order Orthoptera (family Gryllidae, family Gryllotalpidae, family Tetrigidae, and family Tettigoniidae).
Copyright (c) 2026 Nikolas Nik, Aloysius Rusae, Asep Ikhsan Gumelar, Andreas Subay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Isolation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Phosvitin from Duck Egg Yolk
Phosvitin is a highly phosphorylated protein found in egg yolk and is known for its strong metal-binding capacity and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to isolate and characterize phosvitin from duck egg yolk (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) and evaluate its antioxidant potential. Phosvitin was isolated using a modified extraction method and characterized using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The results showed that phosvitin was successfully isolated, indicated by a dominant protein band at approximately 50 kDa. The antioxidant activity exhibited a strong inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 33.65 ppm, indicating very strong antioxidant activity. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups, including amide and phosphate groups, which are typical of phosphoproteins. These findings suggest that phosvitin from duck egg yolk may be a promising natural antioxidant for food and pharmaceutical applications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Hipzul Mursyid, Made Sriasih, Sulaiman N. Depamede https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Wordwall-Assisted Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on Electrical Energy Concept Mastery Reviewed from the Prior Knowledge of Fifth-Grade Elementary Students
While Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Wordwall have been studied individually, empirical research integrating both to address abstract science topics in elementary schools remains limited, leaving a gap in understanding how this combination interacts with students' prior knowledge. This study analyzes the influence of the Wordwall-assisted PBL model on fifth-grade students’ mastery of electrical energy concepts, considering their prior knowledge. A quantitative quasi-experimental design with a posttest-only control group was used, involving a total sample of 33 students (17 in the experimental class and 16 in the control class). Instruments included validated and reliable prior knowledge and concept mastery tests. Two-Way ANOVA results show significant main effects on concept mastery based on the learning model and prior knowledge levels (p < 0.05). The experimental group achieved a notably higher mean score (88.75) compared to the control group (66.50), with the learning model exerting a strong effect size (Partial Eta Squared, = 0.872) on concept mastery. Crucially, no significant interaction effect was found between the learning model and prior knowledge (p = 0.861), indicating that the Wordwall-assisted PBL model consistently and uniformly enhances learning outcomes for students across all initial ability levels
Copyright (c) 2026 Minarsih, Parji, Marheny Lukitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating TSTS Model into Digital Flipbooks: A Strategy to Foster Numerical and Scientific Problem-Solving Ability
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS)-integrated digital flipbook electronic worksheet (E-LKPD) designed to enhance mathematical problem-solving abilities among eighth-grade students. Employing the Plomp research and development model, the product underwent systematic expert validation, iterative usability testing, and classroom-based field evaluation. Results indicated that both the teaching module and E-LKPD achieved "Very Valid" status, with mean validity scores of 3.47 and 3.54 respectively across content, instructional design, graphics, and language dimensions. Practicality assessments yielded "Very Practical" ratings: 90% for the teaching module and 84.26% for the E-LKPD during field testing. Effectiveness was demonstrated by 80% of students achieving mastery on a mathematical problem-solving assessment, surpassing the predefined 65% success threshold. These findings confirm that integrating the structured TSTS cooperative learning protocol within an interactive digital flipbook format can effectively support the development of mathematical problem-solving competencies. The developed product offers a scalable, curriculum-aligned instructional resource that bridges cooperative pedagogy with technology-enhanced learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Fauzana, Suherman, Yerizon, Edwin Musdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Balancing Biodiversity Availability and Needs among the Orang Rimba in Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi
Bukit Duabelas National Park is a protected area that functions as both a biodiversity conservation area and a living space for the Orang Rimba community. While previous studies have mainly documented Orang Rimba ethnobiological knowledge, this study quantitatively links biological resource availability, utilization intensity, and sustainability prospects within an indigenous livelihood system. Field observations, vegetation sampling, line transects, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 88 respondents from 13 tumenggung groups. The data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis, and sustainability assessments based on plant regeneration structure and wildlife harvest-to-production ratios. The results showed that the Orang Rimba utilized 74 plant species from 45 families and eight wildlife species for food, medicine, construction, trade, clothing, and cultural purposes. Plant use was dominated by food and medicinal resources, with average harvesting intensities of 245.34 and 203.75 events per year, respectively. A sustainability assessment classified 14.86% of plant species as sustainable, 40.54% as moderately sustainable, and 44.59% as unsustainable. Wildlife use was generally unsustainable because maximum harvest estimates exceeded conservative annual production and upper reproductive estimates for most species. These results stress the need for adaptive and participatory management strategies that prioritize both biodiversity preservation and sustainable Orang Rimba livelihoods.
Copyright (c) 2026 Haidir, Yanto Santosa, Arzyana Sunkar, Djuara P. Lubis, Ria Sukma Dewi, Wulandari Mulyani, Saefullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design Verification of a Hybrid Wave-Damping System for Sustainable and Multi-Hazard-Resilient Port Infrastructure at Merak Port (Berth VII), Indonesia
Merak Port Berth VII is exposed to wave action, seismic loading, and soft-soil conditions, while retrofit works must be planned under limited marine access and a constrained schedule. This study verifies a hybrid wave-damping system comprising a platform-mounted wavescreen and a causeway revetment to improve multi-hazard resilience. Wind data from 2010–2022 were used for wave hindcasting to derive return-period wave conditions, while seismic actions and structural checks were evaluated using Indonesian and international port design criteria. Platform performance was assessed at the ultimate and serviceability limit states, and revetment stability was analyzed using the Morgenstern–Price method. Under the 500-year design combination, the platform satisfied strength and serviceability requirements, with vertical bearing safety factors of 3.40 and 3.53 based on SNI and UFC combinations, respectively, and deformations within operational limits. The revetment achieved a factor of safety of 1.49 under the same demand but became inadequate under the 1,000-year scenario, indicating the need for strengthening when higher reliability is required. The estimated construction cost is IDR 132,205,000,000, with an estimated duration of approximately 216 working days. This verification framework is transferable to brownfield Indonesian ports exposed to combined coastal and seismic hazards.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suwanto Marsudi, Rahmah Dara Lufira, Ussy Andawayanti, Ery Suhartanto, M.Amar Sajali, Rizki Tri Utami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Electronic Job Sheet for Forward-Reverse Circuits in The Electrical Installation Technology Program
The practicum learning process in vocational education requires instructional media that support students in understanding work procedures systematically and independently. However, the printed jobsheets used in forward-reverse circuit learning still have limitations in visualization and interactivity. This study aims to develop an electronic jobsheet (e-jobsheet) for forward-reverse circuit materials and determine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the Instructional Development Institute (IDI) model, consisting of three stages: define, develop, and evaluate. The participants included expert validators, subject teachers, and 30 eleventh-grade students in the Electrical Power Installation Engineering program. Data were collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The findings revealed that the developed e-jobsheet achieved material validity of 75% (valid), media validity of 85.93% (very valid), and language validity of 94.65% (very valid). The practicality test showed a score of 91.67% (very practical). In addition, the effectiveness test indicated an improvement in student learning outcomes, with the average pretest score increasing from 55 to 88.1 in the posttest and producing an N-gain score of 0.78 in the high category. Therefore, the developed e-jobsheet is considered valid, practical, and effective for supporting digital-based and student-centered practicum learning in forward-reverse circuit materials.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mega Risna, Sukardi, Arwizet K, Elfizon, Abdul Habib Arrasyidi Desky https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development and Validation of a STEM-Based Minimum Competency Assessment Instrument for Reading Literacy and Numeracy in Stoichiometry
This study aimed to develop and validate a STEM-based stoichiometry assessment instrument aligned with the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) framework to measure students’ reading literacy and numeracy skills. STEM aspects were integrated into the items through science, technology, engineering, and mathematics contexts embedded in stoichiometry problems. The study employed a development and validation research method. Initially, 50 items were developed, and content validation results showed that 48 items met the validity criteria with a Content Validity Ratio (CVR) value of 1.00. From the validated items, 30 items were selected for empirical testing, consisting of 16 numeracy items and 14 reading literacy items distributed across 11 reading texts. The empirical testing results indicated that 23 out of 30 items were valid and reliable. Most items were categorized as having a moderate difficulty level and acceptable discriminative power. Furthermore, students’ reading literacy and numeracy competencies were categorized as basic. Therefore, the developed instrument is feasible as an alternative assessment tool to support AKM-oriented chemistry learning and evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Windi Putri Jayanti, Nahadi, Wiwi Siswaningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Interactive Multimedia to Improve Computational Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students
This study aimed to develop valid, practical, and effective Macromedia Flash-based interactive multimedia to improve elementary school students’ computational thinking skills on the topic of Indonesian Cultural Wealth. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The participants were fourth-grade students of SDN 05 Sawahan and SDN 01 Sawahan, Padang Timur District. The results showed that the developed multimedia was highly valid, with validation scores of 90.48% from material experts, 90.79% from language experts, and 87.50% from media experts. The practicality test indicated very practical criteria, with teacher and student response scores of 89.28% and 91.08%, respectively. The effectiveness test revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores in the experimental class (t = 15.499 > 1.711; Sig. = 0.000 < 0.05), indicating an improvement in students’ computational thinking skills. The N-gain results were 0.64 for the experimental class and 0.48 for the control class, both categorized as medium. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of computational thinking components—decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking—into interactive multimedia through animations, simulations, and educational games tailored to elementary school students. Therefore, the developed multimedia can serve as an effective learning medium in elementary education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammadi, Aditra Zulfi, Nabela Ayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Human Resource Management Program Development Project: Strategy for Developing Vocational High School Teacher Competence through Learning Communities
The gap between national human resource development policies and teacher professional development practices in vocational schools is the main background of this research. This study aims to develop the "OK Bebas Shopping" (Optimization of Workshop-Based Learning Communities and Teacher Professional Collaboration) program to address the decline in teacher competency and performance at SMKN 1 Grati. The main problems identified include low Learning Community (Kombel) engagement, weak governance, teacher age, and limited access to professional development due to unstructured independent learning policies. Using Research and Development (R&D) methods, this research went through the stages of needs analysis, planning, program development, and evaluation. The research subjects included all teachers and management of SMKN 1 Grati. The developed program systematically integrated routine workshops, community discussions, lesson study, and online training (PMM). The results showed that this program was able to transform the human resource development paradigm from a top-down approach to a sustainable community-based approach. The implementation of peer teaching and mentoring strategies proved effective in increasing teacher motivation according to Herzberg's theory and strengthening the Professional Learning Community (PLC). The program's success was measured by teacher participation (>80%) and improved learning quality. It is concluded that the management of Kombel which is planned in a managerial manner and supported by a reflective monitoring system is a strategic solution in aligning national policies with field practices to improve the quality of vocational education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ely Jayaningrum, Ainur Rifqi, Nuphanudin, Syunu Trihantoyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategic Planning Model for Excellent Elementary Schools Based on the Wetland Ecosystem in North Banjarmasin
This study aims to develop a strategic planning model for excellent elementary schools based on the wetland ecosystem in the North Banjarmasin District. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed at two high-performing public elementary schools. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, and subsequently analyzed using an interactive model. The findings indicate that the characteristics of the wetland ecosystem—such as seasonal flooding, peatland, and infrastructure limitations—significantly impact the effectiveness of school strategic planning. Implementation still faces obstacles regarding curricula and facilities that are not yet fully adaptive to the environment. However, high community participation serves as a primary supporting factor in school development. This research produced a strategic planning model consisting of five key components: wetland-based strategic environmental analysis, environment-adaptive vision and mission formulation, contextual curriculum development, adaptive facilities management, and the strengthening of school-community partnerships. This model demonstrates that integrating ecological aspects into strategic planning can enhance the relevance, effectiveness, and sustainability of school management. Theoretically, this study enriches the field of educational management through an ecosystem-based approach, while practically, it provides a reference for schools and policymakers in designing contextual and adaptive strategic plans in wetland regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suhaimi, Ni'mah, Noorahim W https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Potential Antagonistic Interactions of Cassia alata L. Leaf Extract and Commercial Antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus: An In Vitro Evaluation
Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that the combination of plant extracts with antibiotics may reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics against resistant microorganisms. Interactions between plant extracts and antibiotics can be synergistic, additive, or antagonistic. This study aimed to evaluate the potential interaction between Cassia alata leaves methanol extract and five selected conventional antibiotics in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the well diffusion and paper strip methods. The methanol extract of C. alata leaves, when tested singly at a concentration of 100 mg/mL, produced an average inhibition zone of 11.74 mm. Four antibiotics, namely ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, exhibited stronger antibacterial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 19.56–27.26 mm, whereas co-trimoxazole showed no inhibitory effect. The combination of C. alata leaves methanol extract with ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole resulted in inhibition zones of 22.26 ± 0.703 mm, 22.54 ± 1.222 mm, 17.91 ± 1.094 mm, 17.57 ± 0.652 mm, and 9.30 ± 1.180 mm, respectively. The combined treatments have potential antagonistic effects, as the inhibition zones were smaller than the sum of the individual activities of the extract and antibiotics. Therefore, the combination was considered less effective in suppressing growth of S. aureus ATCC 29213
Copyright (c) 2026 Oki Rokhim Mawakhid, Putri Ramanda, Samuel Billie Tua Sinaga, Winda Shari, Avidlyandi Avidlyandi, Khafit Wiradimafan, Salprima Yudha S., Risky Hadi Wibowo, Morina Adfa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Guided Inquiry-Based Electronic Student Worksheets (E-LKPD) in IPAS Learning for Grade IV Elementary School Students
This study aims to develop an Electronic Student Worksheet (E-LKPD) based on the guided inquiry model for IPAS learning in Grade IV elementary school students. The E-LKPD was developed using the 4-D model, which consists of the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The results show that the E-LKPD has very high validity, with material validity scoring 95%, media validity 83%, and language validity 100%. The practicality test conducted at SDN 01 Batang Palupuh showed that the product is highly practical, with teacher ratings reaching 91% and student ratings at 91.1%. The effectiveness of the E-LKPD was tested using pre-test and post-test designs, which showed a significant improvement in student understanding, with an N-Gain score of 0.58. Based on the trial results, it can be concluded that the E-LKPD based on the guided inquiry model is effective in enhancing student engagement and understanding of IPAS concepts in Grade IV elementary school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deri Musfita, Fetri Yeni J, Jasrial, Zuwirna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Archery’s-ID Instructional Design Model: Promoting Ethical Development and Academic Performance to Support Sustainable Education Goals
This study addresses low moral understanding, ethics, and academic performance among sixth-grade students at SD Negeri 12 Padanglua, manifested in behaviors such as cheating and lack of responsibility. Conventional teaching methods have proven ineffective in fostering these values. This research investigates the impact of the Archery’s ID Model on students' moral, ethical, and mathematics learning performance. Using a quasi-experimental design with a Nonequivalent Control Group, the study involved 60 students (30 in the experimental class and 30 in the control class). Data were collected through pretests and posttests and analyzed using the Independent T-Test. The results indicate that the Archery’s ID Model significantly outperformed conventional methods. The experimental group achieved higher average scores in moral understanding (86.4), ethics (84.2), and learning performance (85.5) compared to the control group (72.1, 70.5, and 72.3, respectively). Statistical analysis confirmed significant improvements across all variables (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that the Archery’s ID Model is an effective tool for enhancing both character values and academic outcomes in mathematics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eri Wahyudi, Darmansayh, Ridwan, Zuwirna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of E-Comic Needs Based on Conceptual Changes in Solar System Material for Class VII MTS
Students often find the solar system challenging due to its abstract nature and vast spatial and temporal scales. Students are unable to directly observe phenomena such as planetary revolution or the internal structure of the sun in the classroom. This often leads to misconceptions or incomplete conceptual understanding. For example, many students still assume that planetary orbits are perfectly circular or misunderstand the causes of seasonal changes. This study aims to analyze the need to develop an e-comic as a conceptual change-based learning medium for seventh-grade students of Islamic Junior High Schools (MTs). Conceptual change is an important approach in science learning that helps students replace incorrect initial concepts with correct scientific concepts. Using a needs analysis method, 51 students responded to various questions posed to identify gaps in students' understanding of the solar system concept. Data were collected through observations, interviews with teachers, and student questionnaires. The results indicate that a conceptual change-based e-comic is highly needed as an alternative learning medium that can facilitate a more effective and enjoyable learning process. This research provides a strong basis for the development of e-comic media that is appropriate to the characteristics of grade VII MTs students in understanding solar system material.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rina Aprilia, Ida Sriyanti, Apit Fathurohman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating UTAUT2 and DeLone & McLean Models to Evaluate E-Learning Success: Evidence from Indonesian Higher Education
E-learning has become an essential component of higher education, yet studies integrating technology acceptance and information system success perspectives remain limited. This study proposes an integrated evaluation model combining the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) and the DeLone & McLean Information Systems Success Model to evaluate e-learning success in higher education. The novelty of this research lies in positioning system quality, information quality, and self-efficacy as mediating constructs linking behavioral acceptance factors to e-learning success through user satisfaction. Data were collected from 202 active users of a state university e-learning system using purposive sampling and analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), which was selected due to its suitability for predictive and exploratory model analysis involving multiple latent constructs. The results indicate that system quality (β=0.423, p=0.000), information quality (β=0.245, p=0.011), and self-efficacy (β=0.240, p=0.005) positively and significantly influence user satisfaction. User satisfaction emerged as the strongest predictor of e-learning success (β=0.776, p=0.000), confirming that positive user experiences play a central role in determining the effectiveness of e-learning systems. These findings provide both theoretical and practical contributions by demonstrating how behavioral acceptance factors are translated into e-learning success through perceived quality and satisfaction mechanisms in higher education contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taufik Ismail Asra, Dinar Mutiara Kusumo Nugraheni, Catur Edi Widodo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Land Use Change and Coastal Ecosystem Pressure: A CA–Markov Simulation of Mangrove Dynamics in Brandan Barat, North Sumatra, Indonesia
This study analyzes land-use change dynamics and coastal ecosystem pressure in Brandan Barat Subdistrict, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, using multitemporal satellite imagery and the CA–Markov spatial simulation model. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of land-use change analysis, ecosystem pressure assessment, and predictive spatial modeling using Landsat imagery (30 m resolution) over a 20-year period (2004–2024), validated with Kappa accuracy, to support ecosystem-based coastal spatial planning. The methods used include multitemporal satellite imagery analysis and spatial analysis to identify the dynamics and trends of land-use change, which are integrated with the CA–Markov model to develop spatial planning scenarios based on predictive modeling. The results show a decrease in mangrove area from 2,282.49 ha in 2004 to 1,292.67 ha in 2014, followed by a slight increase to 1,367.01 ha in 2024, with a total reduction of 915.48 ha during the 2004–2024 period. In contrast, plantation areas increased from 2,792.88 ha in 2004 to 3,748.86 ha in 2014 and 3,775.50 ha in 2024. These conditions increase pressure on protected zones and potentially reduce environmental carrying capacity. Simulation results indicate that controlling land conversion, rehabilitating mangroves, and strengthening spatial planning based on environmental carrying capacity are effective in reducing ecosystem degradation. These findings emphasize the importance of adaptive and ecosystem-based coastal planning that can be replicated in other tropical coastal areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Selyana Nabila, Elysa Wulandari, Joni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Critical Land Planning Low Emission Development Strategy in Bila Riven Basin of South Sulawesi Province
Environmental degradation in the Bila Watershed, characterized by increasing critical land, carbon emissions, erosion, and sedimentation in Lake Tempe, requires integrated low-emission land-use planning. This study aims to analyze carbon stocks, carbon dioxide (CO₂) sequestration, sedimentation, and economic valuation under several land-use scenarios using the Land Use Planning for Low Emission Development Strategy (LUWES) approach. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of critical land analysis, carbon stock estimation, sedimentation assessment, and economic valuation into low-emission watershed planning scenarios. The research was conducted in the Bila Watershed, South Sulawesi Province, covering an area of 179,612.87 ha during the 2016–2017 period. Biomass measurements were conducted using nested plots across representative land-cover classes, while erosion was estimated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and sedimentation was calculated using the Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) approach. Economic feasibility was analyzed using the Net Present Value (NPV) method. Three land-use scenarios were simulated over a 20-year planning horizon. The results indicate that the existing condition produced carbon emissions of 915,537.49 tons CO₂-eq and estimated sedimentation of 396,163.05 tons/year. Scenario I provided the best ecological-economic balance by increasing carbon stocks, reducing erosion and sedimentation by 45.93%, and increasing economic value by 10.66%. Scenario II generated the highest economic return but increased ecological pressure, while Scenario III emphasized social forestry and emission reduction with moderate economic benefits. These findings demonstrate that integrated low-emission watershed planning can support critical land rehabilitation, climate change mitigation, and sustainable watershed management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sultan, Khaifah Asgaf, Sri Ade Putra, Muthmainnah, Mukhlis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fingerprinting Compound Profile of Tammate (Lannea coromandelica (Hout) Merr.) Bark Extract Using Chemometric and FTIR Analysis
Lannea coromandelica is a traditional medicinal plant rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins with reported antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antirheumatic activities. Previous studies have primarily emphasized phytochemical screening and pharmacological evaluation, whereas metabolite fingerprint characterization using spectroscopic and chemometric approaches remains limited. This study aimed to characterize the metabolite fingerprint profile of L. coromandelica stem bark extracts using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. Twelve extracts were prepared using maceration, Reflux and sonication with distilled water, ethanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate to obtain metabolites with different polarities. FTIR spectroscopy was employed due to its rapid, non-destructive, and reproducible detection of functional groups, while chemometric analysis enhanced extract discrimination and pattern recognition. FTIR spectra revealed O–H, N–H, C–H, C=C, C=O, and C–C functional groups associated with phenolic, aromatic, and alkaloidal compounds related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed clear clustering patterns influenced by extraction method and solvent polarity, while Cluster Analysis (CA) demonstrated similarity values of 35.54–99.82% among extracts. These findings confirm that FTIR combined with chemometrics is effective for metabolite fingerprint characterization and quality standardization of L. coromandelica extracts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Azwar AR, Muhammad Syahrir, Megawati, Funny Glorita R, Jamaluddin, Hardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of PBL-Based E-Modules to Enhance Numerical Problem-Solving Skills among Vocational High School Students
This study developed a Problem-Based Learning (PBL)-based e-module to enhance Numerical problem-solving skills among Grade X vocational high school students. Using the Plomp research and development model, the product underwent preliminary research, prototyping, and assessment phases, evaluated for validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Results indicated the e-module achieved a validity score of 3.36 (valid category) and the accompanying student worksheet scored 3.68 (very valid). Practicality assessments from students and teachers averaged 80.00%, confirming usability and accessibility via smartphones. Effectiveness testing demonstrated 76% average achievement in Numerical problem-solving, with 79.16% of students reaching minimum competency thresholds. Students showed notable improvement in problem comprehension and strategic planning, though reflective verification required further instructional scaffolding. The findings confirm that the PBL-based e-module meets established quality criteria and offers a replicable, curriculum-aligned framework for fostering active, student-centered Numericals learning in vocational education contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eky Putri Prasanti, Ahmad Fauzan, Yerizon, Yarman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Collaboration and Science Learning Outcomes Using the Team Games Tournament Cooperative Learning Model Assisted by Wordwall Media among Seventh-Grade Students of SMPN 8 Magelang
Collaboration skills as one of the 4C skills emphasized in the 21st-century learning concept are crucial for students to interact positively, work in teams, take responsibility in completing task, and improves learning outcomes. This classroom action research conducted in two cycles, aimed to improve collaboration skills and science learning outcomes by applying the Team Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model assisted by Wordwall media. The subjects of this study were 31 students from class VII A at SMPN 8 Magelang. The instruments used were a collaboration skills observation sheet and a pretest-posttest sheet. The data obtained were then analyzed using a descriptive quantitative method with score analysis, skill assessment criteria, and test analysis with N-Gain. The results showed that applying the TGT cooperative learning model with Wordwall improved students' collaboration skills across all aspects, including active contribution, productive work, responsibility, and mutual respect, with most aspects improving from the ‘collaborative’ to ‘highly collaborative’ criterion. Students’ learning outcomes also improved, as shown by the increase in N-Gain scores from Cycle I to Cycle II for indicators C2 (from 0.75 to 0.76), C3 (from 0.72 to 0.74), and C4 (from 0.75 to 0.81).
Copyright (c) 2026 Fa'idun Ni'am, Rina Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing the Marketing Efficiency of Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) of Oil Palm by Independent Smallholders
Large oil palm production creates opportunities for independent smallholders; however, complex marketing chains and fluctuating prices often reduce farmers’ income and bargaining power. This study offers novelty by comparing the efficiency of three different fresh fruit bunch (FFB) marketing channels among independent smallholders in Mersam District, Batanghari Regency, while simultaneously evaluating marketing margins, farmer’s share, and marketing efficiency indicators within the local supply chain structure. A survey method was employed involving 55 independent smallholders selected using proportionate stratified random sampling, while marketing institutions were identified using snowball sampling. Marketing efficiency was analyzed using marketing margin, farmer’s share, and efficiency formulas. The findings identified three marketing channels: Channel I (smallholders–small collectors–large collectors–factories), Channel II (smallholders–large collectors–factories), and Channel III (smallholders–village unit cooperatives–factories). Channel III demonstrated the best performance with the lowest marketing margin (IDR 153/kg), the highest farmer’s share (92.24%), and the lowest efficiency value (4.07%), compared to Channel I with a marketing margin of IDR 248/kg and efficiency value of 6.48%, and Channel II with a marketing margin of IDR 167.43/kg and efficiency value of 4.10%. These results indicate that cooperative-based marketing channels are more efficient and provide greater benefits to smallholders. Simplifying marketing chains and strengthening institutional collaboration can improve farmers’ bargaining position and increase the share of FFB prices received by independent smallholders.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mirawati Yanita, Ira Wahyuni, Gina Fauzia, Karina Rahmah, Ulidesi Siadari, Siti Kurniasih, MA Rachmat Tanaka, Mukhlis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, and Behavior on the Sustainable Performance of Vegetable Farmers from the Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (A Study of Vegetable Farmers in Napu, North Lore District Poso Regency)
This study aims to analyze the influence of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors on the sustainable performance of vegetable farmers from the perspective of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Napu, North Lore District, Poso Regency. Farmers’ sustainable performance is a crucial indicator in supporting agricultural development oriented toward economic, social, and environmental sustainability. The research method employed was a quantitative approach using a survey technique. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to vegetable farmers. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression to determine the influence of independent variables (knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavior) on the dependent variable (sustainable performance). The results of the study indicate that knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavior simultaneously have a significant influence on the sustainable performance of vegetable farmers. Partially, knowledge and skills have a positive and significant effect, while attitudes and behavior also positively influence sustainable performance. These findings indicate that enhancing farmers’ capacity through education, training, and behavioral change is crucial to achieving SDG goals, particularly in food security, sustainable agriculture, and farmer well-being. The implication of this research is the need to strengthen extension and mentoring programs for farmers to improve human resource quality and encourage the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Akrab, Wahyu Prianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Students’ Geometric Reasoning through Rumah Gadang Ethnomathematics: A Local Instructional Theory Based on Realistic Numerical
This study developed a Local Instructional Theory (LIT) on geometric transformation based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) integrated with ethnomathematics of Rumah Gadang Minangkabau to enhance students' mathematical problem-solving ability. Using design research combining Plomp's development model and Gravemeijer and Cobb's framework, the research produced a Hypothetical Learning Trajectory, teacher's guide, and student workbook. Validation by experts showed very high validity scores: HLT (3.53), teacher's book (3.45), and student's book (3.49). Practicality testing revealed very practical ratings: teacher's book (92.50%) and student's book (83.97%). Effectiveness was demonstrated through post-test results, with 71.88% of students achieving mastery criteria and significant improvement across all problem-solving indicators. The findings indicate that integrating cultural contexts through ethnomathematics within an RME framework effectively supports students' conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills in geometric transformation. This LIT provides a culturally responsive instructional model that bridges abstract mathematical concepts with students' lived cultural experiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ainil Mardhiah, Armiati, Yerizon, I Made Arnawa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Color Direction of Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Natural Dyes from Areca catechu and Eusideroxylon zwageri Using Various Fixators
The textile industry in Indonesia contributes significantly to the country’s foreign exchange earnings, but synthetic dye waste has a negative impact on the environment. Natural dyes derived from plant waste can serve as an environmentally friendly alternative, but previous research has had limitations, such as low colorfastness, unstable colors, low pigment concentration, and suboptimal extraction and fixation methods. This study used 10 × 10 cm pieces of Hero cotton fabric dyed with natural dyes derived from areca nuts (*Areca catechu*) and ironwood (*Eusideroxylon zwageri*), which contain tannins that produce brown hues. The research process included scouring, mordanting, dyeing, fixation, and wet rub testing using 1% fixatives consisting of alum, lime, vinegar, tunjung salt, softener, and lemon. Color analysis was performed colorimetrically using a colorimeter app on an Android smartphone with L*, a*, and b* parameters. The results showed that all fixatives except lime increased brightness (L*). Alum, softener, and lemon reduced red intensity, while lime, vinegar, and rock salt increased it. All fixatives except lime reduced yellow intensity. The wet rub test caused an increase in brightness as well as a decrease in red and yellow intensity on the fixed fabric.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Mulya Iswaningsih, Masriani, Firman Shantya Budi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Ecosystem Services Approach in Valuing Contribution of Agrosilvopasture to Household’s Income in Rural Area Central Kalimantan
Agroforestry is a sustainable land use system that provide wide range of ecosystem services, recommending solutions for biodiversity conservation, rural livelihood, and climate change adaptation. To be able to compete with large-scale monoculture plantations such as oil palm plantations, traditional agroforestry is required to provide better economic benefits to farmers. This research aimed to provide empirical evidence of role of agrosilvopature to rural livelihood by assessing provisioning services and economic contribution to household income. The Data collected from field observation included species component of agrosilvopasture, utilization, and economic value using market approach. The Analysis employed descriptive statistics. The research found three types of agrosilvopasture based on the livestock species: pig-based agrosilvopasture, goat-based agrosilvopasture and chicken-based agrosilvopasture. Agrosilvopasture provide various provisioning services including food, cooking spice, construction material, medicine, fodder and fertilizer. Income from agrosilvopasture provides a significant contribution to total farmer income, varying from 59% to 65%. In addition, agrosilvopasture assured sustainable income by providing weekly income, monthly oncome and long-term income. The study concluded that agrosilvopasture provide a variety of products to meet farmers' needs and a sustainable source of income. Studying agrosilvopasture components and how they contribute economically is important to increase adoptability and provide recommendations for decision-makers in developing strategies for rural development and ecological conservation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afentina, Yanarita, Tri Minarni, Yuliana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Formulation, Stability, and Activity Test of Sunscreen Cream from Cactus Stem Extract (Opuntia Cochenillifera (L.) Mill) Using an Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer
Sunlight has several health benefits, but it also has certain negative impacts. Sunscreen is a cosmetic product that protects the skin from ultraviolet rays, which can cause a number of skin health problems. Phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids, have the potential to be used in sunscreen cosmetics. The goal of this research is to develop a sunscreen cream using the active ingredient Centong cactus stem extract (Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill) and evaluate its stability and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the formulation of Centong cactus stem extract sunscreen cream met the criteria set regarding its physical and chemical properties based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 2016-4399-1996. These properties include organoleptic characteristics, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, pH, viscosity, and stability. The sunscreen activity test resulted in an SPF rating of 7.04 ± 0.32 for the first f ormulation (FI) for extra protection, 12.02 ± 0.34 for the second formulation (FII) for maximum protection, and 18.03 ± 0.31 for the third formulation (FIII) for ultra protection. The results of this initial study indicate that Centong cactus stem extract sunscreen cream has good stability and ultra-sun protection factor FIII (15%) activity, which is very good for further research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Samsuar Samsuar, Nopiayansyah Nopiayansyah, Indra Hidayatullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development and Effectiveness of Augmented Reality Learning Media to Enhance Vocational Education Quality in Roof Construction
Insufficient conceptual understanding of roof construction elements often leads to suboptimal learning outcomes in vocational education. The technical nature of structural components requires high spatial visualization, which conventional materials fail to provide. This study aimed to develop valid, practical, and effective augmented reality learning media to bridge this gap. Utilizing the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation), the research involved three-dimensional structural modeling and smartphone integration. Testing was conducted at SMK Negeri 5 Padang involving an experimental class (n = 32) and a control class (n = 12) within the Fundamentals of Construction and Housing Engineering subject. Data were gathered through validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, and pre-test post-test instruments. Results indicated high validity scores of 4.71 from media matter experts and 4.63 from subject experts, with practicality ratings of 95.76 percent from teachers and 93.00 percent from students. Statistical analysis via independent t-test revealed significant differences in post-test scores (t = 2.24, p = 0.03). Furthermore, the experimental group achieved a higher competency growth (N-gain 0.66) than the control group (0.51, p = 0.01). In conclusion, augmented reality is highly feasible for enhancing vocational learning outcomes by transforming abstract references into interactive visualizations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hufa Weno Artha, Nurhasan Syah, Giatman, Ika Parma Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Research-Based Modules in the Concept of Structure and Function Animal Tissue on Student’s Learning Outcomes
The concept of the structure and function of animal tissues is considered an abstract concept in biology because students cannot directly observe concrete examples to enhance their understanding. Therefore, an innovation in the form of a research-based module specifically designed to help students understand the material is needed. This study aimed to analyze the effect of implementing a research-based module on the concept of the structure and function of animal tissues on students’ learning outcomes. This research employed a quasi-experimental method and Nonequivalent Control Group Design, involving two classes that a control class (conventional learning) and an experimental class (research-based module). Data collection was conducted through pre-tests and post-tests to measure students’ learning outcomes. The research data were analyzed using the Independent Sample t-Test at a significance level of 5%, while improvements in learning outcomes in both classes were analyzed using the N-Gain test. The results showed that the implementation of the research-based module significantly improved students’ learning outcomes (P < 0.05) compared to conventional learning. The average post-test score in the experimental class was 71.08, while in the control class it was 56.08, with a t-test value of 2.97 and a homogeneity value of 0.80. The N-Gain test in the control class was 0.30 (moderate category), whereas in the experimental class it was 0.52 (moderate category). Statistical analysis of the N-Gain values of both classes indicated no significant difference (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the implementation of a research-based module is highly suitable for teaching abstract concepts, as indicated by the improvement in students’ learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ervina Dewi, Rahmi Agustina, Ridwandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of POC Empty Bunch and NPK 17+17+17 Fertilizer on The Growth and Production of Long Bean Plants
The research was conducted from June to August 2023 in Nagori Sah Kuda Bayu Pasar Baru at an altitude of ± 136 m above sea level. The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of Empty Fruit Bunches (Janjang) and NPK fertilizer on the growth and production of long bean plants (Vigna sinensis L.). This research was conducted using a factorial randomized block design (RBD), consisting of two factors: The first factor is the application of Empty Bunches, which consists: T0=without the application of empty bunches, T1=2.4kg/plot, T2=4.8kg/plot, and T3=7.2kg/plot. The second factor is the addition of NPK fertilizer doses N0=without NPK fertilizer, N1=24g/plot, N2=48g/plot, N3=72g/plot. The parameters observed in this study include: Number of Leaves (Sheets) and Plant Height (cm) at 2, 4 and 6 WAP, Number of Fruits Per Sample Plant (Pods), Weight of Fruits Per Sample Plant (g), and Weight of Fruits Per Plot (kg). The research results indicate that the NPK 17+17+17 treatment significantly affected the Number of Leaves, Plant Height, Number of Fruits per Plant, Weight of Fruits per Plant, and Weight of Fruits per Plot. The best dose of NPK fertilizer 17+17+17 is 150 kg/ha (72 g/plot).
Copyright (c) 2026 Robert Harianja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Global Epistemology and Local Action: The OONAR "Local Climate Detectives" Learning Model in Realizing Community Ecological Justice in Elementary Schools
This study proposes a pedagogical model, “Local Climate Detectives,” to integrate global epistemology with students’ local experiences in primary science education. The study addresses the gap between universal scientific knowledge and contextual learning in responding to climate change challenges (SDG 13). A qualitative conceptual approach was employed through a systematic literature review, guided by Robertson’s Glocalization framework. The analysis focused on the mechanisms of interpenetration and mutual shaping between global and local knowledge systems. The result of this study is a theoretical construction of the OONAR learning model (Orientation–Observation–Negotiation–Action–Reflection) as an operational framework for glocal learning. Within this model, the Correlation Reasoning stage is positioned as a key epistemic process that connects locally generated data (e.g., environmental observations) with global scientific references. This integration is designed to foster resilient ecological reasoning and support collective decision-making grounded in local socio-cultural values. The study concludes that the proposed model provides a coherent framework for developing students’ climate literacy and glocal identity, positioning them as active contributors to community-based ecological justice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Meirza Nanda Faradita, Ganes Gunansyah, Neni Mariana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interaction Effects of Design Thinking-Based Learning and Adversity Quotient on Students’ Learning Independence and Creative Thinking Skills
This study investigated the effect of Design Thinking-Based Learning (DTBL) on students’ learning independence and creative thinking skills based on adversity quotient (AQ). A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was employed involving 69 tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Sidrap. The experimental group was taught using DTBL, while the control group received Project-Based Learning (PjBL). Learning independence was measured using a self-regulated learning questionnaire, creative thinking skills were assessed using a Torrance-based creative thinking test, and AQ was measured using an adaptation of Stoltz’s Adversity Response Profile (ARP). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and factorial Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that DTBL significantly affected learning independence (F = 4.602, p = 0.036) and creative thinking skills (F = 5.052, p = 0.028). The mean posttest score of learning independence in the DTBL class (M = 109.23) was higher than that of the PjBL class (M = 103.00), while the mean creative thinking score in the DTBL class (M = 61.74) also exceeded that of the PjBL class (M = 59.85). AQ significantly influenced learning independence (F = 9.222, p = 0.003), but not creative thinking skills (p = 0.279). A significant interaction between learning model and AQ was found on learning independence (p = 0.020), whereas no interaction effect was observed on creative thinking skills (p = 0.813). Therefore, DTBL was more effective than PjBL in improving students’ learning independence and creative thinking skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Septian Dwi Cahyo, Hartono, Faisal, Firdaus Daud, Alimuddin Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of The Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model Based on Ethnoscience on Activities and Science Learning Outcomes
This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing an ethnoscience-based Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model on students’ learning activities and learning outcomes. This research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The research subjects consisted of two classes: an experimental class taught using the ethnoscience-based PjBL model and a control class taught using the conventional PjBL model without ethnoscience integration. The instruments used in this study included an observation sheet to assess students’ learning activities and a multiple-choice test administered before and after the treatment to measure learning outcomes. The results showed that the average score of students’ learning activities was 78.07, with a standard deviation of 9.17 and an achievement percentage of 78.07%, categorized as very active. The improvement in students’ learning outcomes in the experimental class was also higher than in the control class based on the N-gain analysis. The average pretest score was 65.66 (SD = 10.49), which increased to 86.90 (SD = 4.78) in the posttest. The N-gain value of 0.62 was classified as moderate. Inferential analysis using the t-test indicated a significant difference in both learning activities and science learning outcomes between the two classes (Sig. = 0.000). Therefore, the implementation of ethnoscience-based Project-Based Learning has a positive effect on improving students’ learning activities and science learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Widyani, Firdaus Daud, Hartono, Muhiddin Palennari, Syamsiah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Biotype Diversity of Nilaparvata Lugens (Stall) In Several Rice-Producing Areas in North Sumatra
Nilaparvata lugens is a major rice pest that causes significant losses in Asia. This study aims to identify the diversity of brown planthopper (BPH) biotypes from four rice production centers in North Sumatra, namely Asahan Regency, Batubara Regency, Deli Serdang Regency, and Langkat Regency. Morphologically, the average body length of the macroptera imago was 4.36 mm and that of the brachyptera was 3.51 mm, with antennae consisting of a scape, pedicel, and flagellum. Four samples were tested using PCR with universal primers LCO1490/HCO2198, resulting in amplification of ±700 bp. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 11 showed a genetic distance between samples of 0.000, indicating very close kinship. However, the genetic distance to GenBank data (biotypes 1, 2, 3, and Y) ranged from 0.578 to 0.596, indicating differences in kinship and possible gene mutations or biotype changes. The characteristics of farmers were dominated by those aged 41–50 years, high school education, and the majority being male. The most widely used variety was Inpari-32 (somewhat susceptible to WBC). Most farmers used more than three types of synthetic pesticides, especially in Batubara (96.67%) with a frequency of >3 times per planting season. The intensity of attacks ranged from 1–5%. There was a significant relationship between variety and attack rate (p=0.00). Pests and diseases were the main problems (>50%).
Copyright (c) 2026 Rani Juniarti Sembiring Maha, Darma Bakti, Marheni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of AR-Based Interactive Reading Media to Support SDG 4 and Improve Student Learning Independence at SDN Lemahireng
This study aimed to develop and examine the feasibility and effectiveness of an Augmented Reality (AR)-Based Reading Book learning media on science learning outcomes related to the human digestive system for fifth-grade students at SDN Lemahireng. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The participants were 30 fifth-grade students selected from one class during the product trial. Data were collected through pretest and posttest, observations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis included normality, homogeneity, N-Gain, and paired sample t-test. The validation results showed that the media was highly feasible, with scores of 90% from material experts and 96% from media experts. The average student score increased from 62.63 in the pretest to 82.00 in the posttest, with an N-Gain score of 0.52 in the moderate category. The paired sample t-test indicated a significant improvement in learning outcomes (t = 10.87, Sig. < 0.05). In addition, students gave positive responses toward the media, reaching 89.69%. In conclusion, the AR-Based Reading Book learning media is feasible and effective in improving students’ science learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shinta Anugrah Ikhtiarini, Bagas Kurnianto Kurnianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design And Development of Gens (Google Sites Fun Physics) Integrated with Artificial Intelligence as An Innovative Physics Learning Platform to Improve Conceptual Mastery
The development of the GENS (Google Sites Fun Physics) media integrated with artificial intelligence to improve concept understanding aims to develop learning media that meets the criteria of feasibility, namely valid, practical, and effective. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Tinambung with the research subjects being class X.6, comprising a sample of 32 students in the first semester of 2025/2026. Based on the analysis results, the Google Sites fun physics learning media is in the very valid category with a percentage of 90.8%, as measured by expert validator assessments. It is also in the very practical category with a cumulative percentage of 89.72%, based on student response assessments of 83.74% and teacher responses of 95.71%. The media is in the effective category with a moderate level and an N-gain value of 0.6. Therefore, it is recommended that physics teachers use the Google Sites Fun Physics learning media integrated with artificial intelligence to improve students' understanding of physics concepts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Musdar, Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation and Bias Correction of CORDEX-SEA Precipitation for Future Rainfall Projection in the Sutami Reservoir Catchment, Indonesia
This study evaluates the performance of CORDEX-SEA precipitation data and applies bias correction for future rainfall projection in the Sutami Reservoir catchment, Indonesia, which has an important role in irrigation and flood control management. Observed rainfall data for 1995–2024 were compared with CORDEX-SEA outputs under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios to assess model performance during the present-day period. The model generally overestimated observed rainfall, with average 10-day rainfall values of 86.09 mm/10-day (RCP 4.5) and 89.49 mm/10-day (RCP 8.5), compared to 56.19 mm/10-day from observations. Bias correction was performed using the Linear Scaling (LS) and Quantile Mapping (QM) methods because of their robustness and effectiveness in reducing systematic bias in precipitation data while preserving the temporal characteristics of climate model outputs. The corrected results showed substantial improvement, with the correlation coefficient increasing to 0.95, Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency reaching 0.90, RMSE-standard deviation ratio decreasing to 0.32, and Percent Bias reducing to approximately 2–3%. Rainfall projections for 2025–2030 indicate a decreasing rainfall trend under both scenarios. This study demonstrates that LS and QM can effectively improve CORDEX-SEA precipitation data reliability for watershed-scale climate change and water resources assessments in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Anggraini, Sri Wahyuni, Mohammad Bisri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Additive Ingredients in Papaya Leaf-Based Botanical Pesticides on the Vegetative Growth of Water Spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir)
This study evaluated the effect of additives in papaya leaf–based botanical pesticides on the vegetative growth of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir). The experiment was arranged using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments and five replications: P0 (control), P1 (papaya leaves), P2 (papaya leaves + garlic), P3 (papaya leaves + lemongrass), and P4 (papaya leaves + soursop leaves). Observed parameters included plant height, root length, number of leaves, and fresh weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5%, correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses. The treatments significantly affected most growth parameters. P3 (papaya leaves + lemongrass) produced the best performance, with plant height of 24.35 cm, root length of 22.58 cm, approximately 18 leaves, and fresh weight of 14 g. Correlation analysis showed strong positive relationships between plant height and number of leaves (r = 0.890), and between root length and fresh weight (r = 0.764). Regression analysis identified number of leaves as the strongest predictor of fresh weight (β = 1.015), followed by root length (β = 0.528), whereas plant height showed a negative effect (β = −0.891). Overall, the addition of lemongrass to papaya leaf–based botanical pesticides enhanced vegetative growth and biomass accumulation in water spinach plants.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Chairiyah, Ipun, Dwi Santoso, Nur Indah Mansyur, Nurmaisah, Muh Adiwena, Muttaqien https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Building Farmer Loyalty Through Marketing Mix and Brand Image of Tomato Seeds: The Mediating Role of Satisfaction Using PLS-SEM Approach
Seed manufacturers face market share erosion due to fragmented execution. While prior studies partially evaluate inputs, integrated 7Ps and brand image frameworks remain scarce. This study evaluates structural relationships and satisfaction’s mediating role in the hybrid vegetable seed sector. Data were gathered from 171 tomato smallholders across 14 sub-districts in Cianjur Regency via a purposive sampling technique and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The model revealed that farmer satisfaction was strongly explained (R2 = 0.599), where brand image had the most dominant direct effect (β= 0.60, p < 0.00), followed by the marketing mix (β= 0.330, p< 0.00). Conversely, loyalty registered low variance (R2 = 0.15). Bootstrapping confirmed that satisfaction directly drove loyalty (β= 0.24, p=0.00). The core novelty lies in integrating high-dimensional 7Ps with an empirical screening filter for multi-brand retention. Mechanistically, satisfaction fully mediates the marketing mix (βindirect= 0.08, p= 0.01) and partially mediates brand image (βindirect)=0.15, p=0.00). Managerially, firms must shift from mass-branding to localized high-touch agronomic support to secure loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Khoirudin, Mimin Aminah, Irni Rahmayani Johan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Problem-Solving Ability in Ecosystem Material Through Open Essay Question Instrument Test
This study was conducted to analyze the problem-solving abilities of fifth-grade elementary school students through instrument testing. By using Polya's problem-solving indicators through open-ended Urian test instruments, students were guided to be able to explore their abilities in understanding, planning, implementing, and evaluating the results of their thinking in solving factual problems that occur in rice field and garden ecosystems. The method used in this study was quantitative descriptive with 27 fifth-grade students as subjects in an elementary school. The results of the analysis showed that the average problem-solving abilities of students were in the fairly good category, with an average overall score of 6.47 out of a maximum score of 10. The indicator with the highest achievement was the evaluation of results, while the indicator with the lowest achievement was the implementation of strategies. These results indicate that students' problem-solving abilities were still in the sufficient category, with a stronger tendency in the ability to evaluate results and understand problems than in planning problem-solving strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Feni Rianti, Yulianti Fitiyani, Atep Sujana, Encep Supriatna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improving Mathematics Teachers' Competence Through a Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Model Assisted by Microsoft Mathematics
This study aims to improve the professional competence of Mathematics teachers in the Teacher Professional Program (PPG) through the application of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model assisted by Microsoft Mathematics. This research is a classroom action research (CAR) conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of this study were 16 in-service PPG participants who are mathematics teachers, selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through teacher professional competence tests and teacher activity observation sheets. Data analysis was performed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and qualitatively using interactive analysis techniques. The results showed that in Cycle I, the completion rate of the teacher professional competence test only reached 50% (8 out of 16 teachers passed) with a percentage of teacher activity observation of 62.5%, which had not met the success indicator (≥80%). After reflection and improvement in Cycle II, the completion rate of the teacher professional competence test increased to 81.25% (13 out of 16 teachers passed) with the percentage of teacher activity observation reaching 83.62%. The improvement in professional competence from Cycle I to Cycle II was 31.25%, while the improvement in teacher activity was 21.12%. These results indicate that the TPACK model assisted by Microsoft Mathematics is effective in improving teachers' understanding of the material, pedagogical abilities, and the integration of technology in mathematics learning. The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model assisted by Microsoft Mathematics has proven to be effective and successful in improving the professional competence of Mathematics teachers in the Teacher Professional Program (PPG). The application of this model is recommended as an alternative strategy for sustainable professional development for mathematics teachers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Masdelima Sormin, Yus Mochammad Cholily, Dwi Priyo Utomo , Baiduri, Riski Baroroh, Elisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bacterial Inoculation and Hydroseeding Enhance Establishment of Revegetation Species on Nickel Mine Overburden: A Contribution to SDG 15
Nickel (Ni) is the most widely produced mining commodity in Indonesia, but mining activities often leave soils with severe physical and chemical limitations that hinder plant establishment and frequently cause revegetation failure during the early growth phase. Hydroseeding and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been studied as approaches for post-mining land reclamation; however, their combined application across different types of Ni overburden has been rarely evaluated. This study aimed to analyze the interaction between planting methods, bacterial inoculation, and overburden types on the germination index and early leaf formation (3–14 days after sowing). The experiment was conducted through a laboratory-scale early growth test using a completely randomized factorial design, and data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the interaction between bacterial inoculation and application method consistently influenced the germination rate of Cynodon dactylon. In contrast, the planting method independently played a dominant role in the germination index of Crotalaria juncea and in the number of leaves of both species. The results showed that the interaction between bacterial inoculation and application method consistently affected the germination rate of C. dactylon. Conversely, the planting method independently played a dominant role in the germination index of C. juncea and the number of leaves of both species. Hydroseeding increased the germination by 186.41 – 7062.5% (in C. dactylon) and 15 – 3688% (in C. juncea). Bacterial inoculation was unable to increase the germination of C. dactylon, but it was able to increase the germination of C. juncea by 7.5 – 650% compared to that without inoculation. These findings demonstrate that integrating hydroseeding techniques with microbial inoculation can enhance early plant establishment on Ni mine overburden and support ecological restoration efforts aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 15 (Life on Land). Therefore, it is recommended that revegetation programs in post-Ni mining areas integrate hydroseeding with microbial inoculation and promote community-based restoration initiatives to improve early vegetation establishment and long-term ecosystem recovery.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayu Putri Ariska, Kurniawan Sigit Wicaksono, Muhammad Yusuf, Reni Ustiatik, Jianxu Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrated Science Learning Design Based on Local Wisdom of Wetlands to Improve High-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) of Junior High School Students
This study aims to develop and evaluate an integrated science learning design based on wetland local wisdom to enhance junior high school students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). The study addresses the limited integration of local environmental contexts in science instruction, which often leads to low student engagement and suboptimal development of higher-order cognitive skills. A Research and Development (R&D) approach was employed using the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The developed products included lesson plans, integrated teaching materials, student worksheets, and HOTS-based assessment instruments designed to facilitate contextual and meaningful learning experiences. The validity of the developed learning design was assessed by experts, resulting in a high average validation score of 0.92, indicating strong content, construct, and language appropriateness. Practicality was evaluated through classroom implementation and student responses, showing a high implementation rate (94%) and positive student responses (88.5%), both categorized as very practical. The effectiveness of the learning design was measured using N-gain analysis, which yielded a score of 0.72, indicating a high level of improvement in students’ HOTS. Statistical analysis further confirmed significant improvements (p < 0.05), particularly in analytical (C4) and evaluation (C5) skills. In conclusion, the developed learning design is empirically proven to be valid, practical, and effective in improving students’ HOTS. It also provides a robust and innovative framework for contextual science learning through the integration of wetland local wisdom, contributing to the advancement of science education in environmentally relevant contexts
Copyright (c) 2026 Yudha Irhasyuarna, Fahmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Flowering Phenology and Morphological Characterization of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.)
Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) is one of the plants that has potential as a medicinal plant. This potential is based on the many compounds that can be useful in the pharmacological field. Information on flowering phenology and morphological characterization of Butterfly pea flowers is the focus of this study. This study aims to examine each phase that occurs during the stages of flower development associated with environmental factors, and identify the morphological characteristics of butterfly pea flowers. This research was conducted at Ternate Street, The Hok, Jambi Province, in July-September 2024. The data generated are descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative. The results showed that butterfly pea flowers have a flowering stage that lasts for 11-14 days, with environmental factors that tend to be unstable. Morphological characterization of butterfly pea shows that flowers include papilionaceous, namely flowers with irregular corolla arrangement with a total of five strands and including hermaphroditus flowers with zygomorphus type and there are two bractea organs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Miranda Tiara Putri, Pinta Murni, M. Erick Sanjaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identification of Potential Private Green Open Space (GOS) in the Ngantru Urban Area using the Supervised Land Classification Method
Population growth and urban activities have caused land conversion and decreased environmental carrying capacity. The existence of Green Open Space (GOS) is crucial in improving environmental quality and increasing community welfare. In Ngantru Urban Area, data collection on private GOS is still incomplete, although this is important to increase the Land Quality Index in Tulungagung Regency. Using the Supervised Land Classification method allows for more accurate identification and mapping of private GOS potential through remote sensing data analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, private GOS in Ngantru Urban Area consists of agricultural land covering an area of 1,694.35 hectares. Padangan Sub-district has the largest area, namely 321.04 hectares or 18.95% of the total area of private GOS, followed by Pojok Sub-district with 287.09 hectares or 16.94%. The difference in the area of private GOS between Sub-districts reflects the diverse development potential in each region. This data is an important basis for formulating more effective and sustainable spatial planning policies, as well as supporting targeted environmental conservation efforts to improve the quality of life of the community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita Parmawati, Indra Purnama Putra, Deni Agus Setyono, Reni Sri Hapsari, Ahmad Ibnu Riza, Annisa Nurul Hakim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing the Multidimensional Sustainability of Biopore Infiltration Holes for Household Organic Waste Management Using the Rapfish Method in Kampung Sanitasi, Padang City, Indonesia
Household organic waste management represents a critical environmental challenge requiring practical and sustainable solutions, particularly in densely populated urban areas of developing countries. Biopore Infiltration Holes (BIH) constitute an environmentally friendly technology that can be directly implemented at the household level to accelerate organic waste decomposition while simultaneously enhancing soil infiltration capacity. This study aims to conduct a multidimensional sustainability assessment of BIH implementation for household organic waste management in Kampung Sanitasi, Tabiang Banda Gadang Subdistrict. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with sustainability analysis using a modified RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries) method adapted to organic waste management contexts. Data were collected through structured interviews (n=30 households), field observations, questionnaires, and documentation. Each dimension was evaluated based on multiple attributes scored and analyzed using Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) to generate sustainability indices, supported by Monte Carlo simulation and leverage analysis for reliability testing. The multidimensional sustainability analysis revealed varying levels across dimensions: effectiveness (61.69 - moderately sustainable), efficiency (56.91 - moderately sustainable), and practicality (80.52 - highly sustainable), with an overall sustainability score of 66.37 (moderately sustainable). Community participation and environmental literacy emerged as critical determinants of successful implementation. BIH technology demonstrates strong potential as a sustainable household organic waste management strategy, particularly due to its high practicality. The RAPFISH-based multidimensional assessment provides a robust framework for evaluating and improving community-based environmental technologies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asmalinda Sy, Iswandi Umar, Nurhasan Syah, Syafrijon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Volcanic Ash Deposition and Its Implications for Soil Biological Fertility: Insights from the Slopes of Mount Semeru, Indonesia
Volcanic ash from Mount Semeru can alter soil characteristics, including the biological properties. Microorganisms respond rapidly to changing environmental conditions, leading to the general consideration as sensitive indicators of soil health. In general, biological fertility status can be determined based on the Biological Fertility Index (BFI). Therefore, this study aims to assess the BFI and total population of soil microorganisms following the Mount Semeru eruption across four differently managed land-use systems, including monoculture and intercropping patterns. Field studies were conducted on the slopes of Mount Semeru, specifically in Pronojiwo Village, Lumajang Regency, at an elevation of 400-800 meters above sea level. The classification of the BFI was carried out through laboratory analysis of Soil Organic Matter (SOM), Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) by the fumigation extraction technique, Basal Soil Respiration (BSR), and Cumulative Soil Respiration (CSR) over a 25-day observation period, along with the total microbial population assessed using the agar plate method. The mineralization quotient (qCO2) and metabolic quotient (qM) were also calculated based on parameter measured. The results showed that BFI scores of 16.28 and 18.19 were obtained for monoculture and polyculture systems with volcanic ash cover exceeding 10 cm, showing an “intermediate” fertility status. In contrast, monoculture and polyculture land covered with volcanic ash <2 cm had BFI scores of 20.03 and 21.03, respectively, in the "Good" category. The total microbial count ranged from a medium of 4.8 x 105 cfu g-1 in the monoculture sugarcane, to significantly higher levels in intercropping leeks and chili at 5.4 x 107 cfu g-1.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Candra Setiawati, Rifky Putra Verdiawan, Lolita Endang Susilowati, Basuki, Saddam Matovani, Bambang Hermiyanto, Syahrul Efendi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Desmos-Assisted Electronic Student Worksheet Based on the 5E Inquiry Learning Model to Enhance Mathematical Reasoning Skills: Supporting SDG 4 Quality Education
This study aimed to develop an electronic student worksheet (e-LKPD) based on the 5E Inquiry Learning model assisted by Desmos and to evaluate its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in enhancing mathematical reasoning skills (MRS) in senior high school mathematics. A Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model was employed, implemented through a one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design. The e-LKPD was developed for Grade X students at SMAN 1 Pariaman on the topic of Linear Programming. Expert validation yielded an average score of 98% (highly valid) across content, language, and media aspects. Practicality testing yielded teacher response of 88.6% and student response of 97% (both highly practical). Effectiveness was evaluated via N-Gain analysis; mean pretest scores increased from 32 to 71 post-intervention, with an average N-Gain of 0.57 (medium category). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test confirmed statistically significant improvement (p ≤ 0.001). These findings indicate that the e-LKPD integrating the 5E inquiry model with Desmos technology constitutes a valid, practical, and moderately effective instructional tool for advancing mathematical reasoning skills in senior high school mathematics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmi, Zelhendri Zen, Jasrial, Rayendra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Character and Learning Outcomes Through the Archerys ID Model in Elementary IPAS Learning: Supporting SDG 4
This study aims to examine the effect of the Archerys Instructional Design (ID) Model on students’ moral understanding, academic ethics, and IPAS learning outcomes among sixth-grade students at SDN 04 Korong Kota Solok. This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 40 students divided into two intact classes, namely an experimental class receiving instruction through the Archerys ID Model and a control class receiving conventional learning instruction. Data were collected using questionnaires to measure moral understanding and academic ethics, essay tests to measure IPAS learning outcomes, observation sheets, and interviews as supporting qualitative data. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), and Independent Sample t-tests. The results indicated significant differences between the experimental and control groups across all dependent variables (p < 0.05). Students in the experimental class achieved higher average scores in moral understanding (84.20) compared to the control class (74.10), academic ethics (84.50 compared to 73.20), and learning outcomes (87.80 compared to 77.40). In addition, correlation analysis demonstrated a positive trend in the relationship between moral understanding, academic ethics, and learning outcomes following the implementation of the Archerys ID Model, although the correlation strength remained statistically weak. These findings indicate that the Archerys ID Model effectively supports the integration of affective and cognitive learning dimensions through meaningful and value-oriented instructional activities in elementary school IPAS learning contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desi Engriani, Darmansyah, Zelhendri Zen, Rayendra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Problem-Based Independent Curriculum Physics Teaching Module to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills
This research aims to: design a problem-based independent curriculum physics teaching module to improve students' critical thinking skills that meet valid criteria; design a problem-based independent curriculum physics teaching module to improve students' effective critical thinking skills based on teacher practitioner assessments; design a problem-based independent curriculum physics teaching module to improve students' critical thinking skills effective based on the assessment of student practitioners; analyzing the effectiveness of the use of the problem-based independent curriculum physics teaching module to improve the critical thinking skills of students of SMA Negeri 3 Makassar City that has been developed. The method used to achieve this goal is R&D using the development of 4D models. The sample of this study is 38 00 students and 10 physics teachers in Makassar city. The instruments used in this study were module validation sheets, practitioner assessment questionnaires, and students' critical thinking ability test instruments. Based on the results of the analysis, it was obtained that: the independent problem-based curriculum physics teaching module developed based on expert assessments was declared valid and suitable for use with a slight revision; the physics teaching module of the independent problem-based curriculum reviewed from the teacher's response for all aspects obtained an average score percentage of 85% at the very good criterion; the problem-based independent curriculum physics teaching module reviewed from the students' responses for all aspects obtained an average score percentage of 86% on the very good criteria; The effectiveness of the use of problem-based physics teaching modules was obtained from the results of the students' critical thinking ability test that was effectively used with an N-gain score of 0.84 ≥ 0.70, with a high category. From the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the problem-based physics teaching module developed is valid, practical, and effective to improve students' critical thinking skills in physics learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arham Indrawati, Muhammad Arsyad, Ahmad Yani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Local Knowledge and Habits of Julung-julung Fishermen (Hemiramphus lutkei Valenciennes, 1847) in Buru Regency, Maluku
Julung-julung fishermen along the coast of Buru Regency, Maluku, have a structured organization and division of labor within their groups. The objective of this study is to describe the structure, functions, knowledge, and local customs of julung-julung fishing groups in Buru Regency. Data collection was conducted through observation and interviews with the fishermen (N=46). The results of the study indicate that julung-julung fishermen belong to the category of small-scale and traditional fishermen. Membership in the fishing groups is not restricted by age or educational level. The majority of group members work primarily as fishermen. Each julung-julung fishing group consists of a fishing boat owner (juragan) and crew members (masnait). There are no social status distinctions within the julung-julung fishing groups. The fishing boat owners and crew members work together in the julung-julung fishing operations according to their respective skills. Fishing is conducted based on knowledge passed down from their ancestors and has become a tradition practiced from generation to generation. They possess knowledge of water conditions, signs of the presence of julung-julung fish, fishing gear, fishing techniques, and the timing of fishing and landing the catch. The local knowledge and customs of these fishermen can be utilized to formulate policies for the sustainable management of julung-julung fisheries in Buru Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Evelin Tuhumuri, Matheos Talakua, Samsia Umasugi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Spiritual Neuroscience in the Digital Age: Revitalizing Ethics and Sufism as a Solution for Adolescent Character Development
This study examines how revitalizing Islamic ethics (akhlak) and Sufism (tasawuf) through spiritual neuroscience addresses adolescent character development challenges in digital environments. Using qualitative library research and systematic literature synthesis, we identify neurocognitive vulnerabilities from sustained digital immersion—including disrupted prefrontal maturation, reward sensitization, and attentional fragmentation—that undermine moral reasoning and emotional regulation. Thematic analysis reveals convergences between core Sufi practices (mujāhadah al-nafs, muraqabah, dhikr) and neuroadaptive mechanisms supporting self-regulation, attentional stability, and prosocial orientation. We propose a four-phase framework (Awareness→Regulation→Habituation→Resilience) for embedding neuro-spiritual practices into Islamic education. Findings affirm that sustainable character formation requires holistic interventions engaging cognitive, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions. Isolated moral instruction or digital literacy initiatives are insufficient without practices cultivating neural-level attentional control, emotional granularity, and ethical habituation. This synthesis bridges Islamic contemplative traditions with neuroscience, highlighting the need for empirical validation of tasawuf-informed interventions to foster morally resilient adolescents in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jumhur, Dadang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of the Observational Rating Scale to PGMI Student Activity in Science Analysis Discussion
This study aims to develop, validate, and examine the practicality of a rating-scale–based observation instrument designed to assess the activeness of PGMI students during science question analysis discussions. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, involving 40 fifth-semester PGMI students. The instrument was developed based on learning activity theory and a multidimensional student engagement framework, consisting of 9 indicators and 27 items rated on a 1–4 scale. Content validity was evaluated by three experts using Aiken’s V index. At the same time, instrument practicality was assessed by five trained observers acting as instrument users through a user satisfaction questionnaire based on a 1–5 Likert scale. The results indicated very high content validity, with an average Aiken’s V value of 0.97, and excellent practicality, reflected by a mean user satisfaction score of 4.36 out of 5. The application of the instrument revealed that student activeness fell into the high category, with an average activity score of 89.70 (SD = 11.22), and 90% of students were classified as active to very active. These findings demonstrate that the developed observation instrument is valid and practical for evaluating student activity in discussion-based learning, particularly within teacher education contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Destiana Puanda Ashari, Ikhlasul Ardi Nugroho, Anita Ekantini, Uun Febriyani, Yanti Kumala Sembiring, Waode Sitti Fatimah, Annisa Rifah Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pollution Index Assessment of Lake Maninjau Water Quality Status
Lake Maninjau with its strategic functions, faces pressures from both climate change and anthropogenic activities that can degrade water quality and ecological functions. This study aims to determine the water quality status of Lake Maninjau over the 2022–2025 period as an initial step to support lake restoration and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6. Surface water samples were collected twice a year from six stations representing the lake's spatial characteristics using the grab sampling method. Analyzed parameters included pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and phosphate (PO4) following methods established in the Indonesian National Standards and relevant international standards. The water quality status was assessed using the Pollution Index method based on the Decree of the Minister of State for the Environment Number 115 of 2003. The results revealed fluctuating temporal shifts throughout the observation period. In 2022, water quality ranged from good conditions to light pollution. Conditions deteriorated during 2023–2024, with the majority of stations classified as light pollution. By 2025, all monitoring sites recovered to the good conditions. The observed fluctuating patterns of the Pollution Index during the 2022–2025 period indicate that the Lake Maninjau aquatic system remains highly vulnerable to dynamic external pressures, such as organic load accumulation and the lake's natural hydrological dynamics in the form of upwelling events. Consequently, consistent nutrient load reduction is urgently required, particularly through the regulation of floating net cage capacities based on carrying capacity assessments and structured water quality monitoring.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jefri Kurniawan, Indang Dewata, Nurhasan Syah, Syafrijon, Dhesya Ardiarini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Ethnoscience Study of the Bunuk Tradition of the Loli Village Community as a Biology Learning Resource
The integration of local wisdom into biology learning remains limited, even though ethnoscience has strong potential to provide contextual and meaningful learning experiences for students. One form of local wisdom found in South Central Timor Regency is the bunuk tradition practiced by the community of Loli Village. This study aimed to analyze the potential of the bunuk tradition as a biology learning resource for senior high school students. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving community members who inherit and practice the bunuk tradition. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and were analyzed using data triangulation techniques. The results showed that the bunuk tradition contains ethnoscientific values related to environmental conservation, ecosystem balance, and interactions among living organisms within ecosystems. The feasibility assessment conducted by biology teachers indicated that the bunuk tradition met the criteria of being economical, practical, flexible, and aligned with the objectives of biology learning. The findings suggest that the bunuk tradition can function as a contextual biology learning resource that supports meaningful learning while preserving local cultural values. This study contributes to the development of ethnoscience-based biology learning and provides a reference for integrating local wisdom into science education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Theodora Sarlotha Nirmala Manu, Yanti Daud, Eritrika Adriana Nulik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Modeling Aboveground Biomass and Stand Density Using Forest Canopy Density in a Tropical Natural Forest Concession
Natural forests within the concession area of PT Bharinto Ekatama are critical for carbon storage and ecosystem service provision, yet efficient methods to quantify stand biophysical parameters at scale remain limited. This study developed spatial models to estimate stand density and aboveground biomass using the Forest Canopy Density (FCD) approach. Field data were collected from 30 plots (50 × 50 m) between January and June 2025, complemented by Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery. FCD was derived from the integration of Advanced Vegetation, Bare Soil, Shadow, and Thermal indices. Relationships between FCD and field-based measurements were evaluated using linear regression. The forest community comprised 47 species across 21 families, dominated by Dipterocarpus. FCD values ranged from 49.05% to 85.22%, while aboveground biomass and stand density ranged from 37.36–331.65 ton ha⁻¹ and 660–2,224 trees ha⁻¹, respectively. The models demonstrated strong explanatory power (R² = 0.8335 for stand density; R² = 0.8317 for biomass; p < 0.05). Validation yielded RMSE values of 151.662 trees ha⁻¹ and 29.695 ton ha⁻¹, corresponding to normalized errors of 12% and 22%. These findings indicate that the FCD approach provides a robust and scalable framework for estimating forest structure, with greater predictive accuracy for stand density than biomass.
Copyright (c) 2026 Reza Dwiputra Perdhana, Lilik Budi Prasetyo, Rachmad Hermawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a STEM-Based Interactive Module to Improve Nutritional Literacy and Stunting Risk Awareness among High School
Stunting remains a major nutritional challenge in Indonesia and is closely associated with low nutritional literacy among adolescents. Schools play an important role in improving students’ understanding of nutrition and health through contextual learning. However, biology learning materials are still largely limited to conventional textbooks and worksheets that do not integrate nutritional literacy and stunting issues. This study aimed to develop a STEM-based interactive module on the digestive system to improve nutritional literacy and stunting risk awareness among high school students. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model. The participants were 36 Grade XI students at SMA Negeri 7 Makassar. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, nutritional literacy pretest-posttest, and stunting risk awareness questionnaires. The results showed that the module was highly valid (3.80/4.00) and highly practical (3.70/4.00). The module was also effective, as indicated by 94.44% classical learning completeness and a high N-gain score of 0.78 from pretest to posttest results. In addition, students demonstrated a very high level of stunting risk awareness (95.20%). Therefore, the STEM-based interactive module is feasible and effective for improving students’ nutritional literacy and awareness of stunting prevention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Husnul Syafitra, A. Mushawwir Taiyeb, Asham Bin Jamaluddin, Firdaus Daud, Hartono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of the Local Wisdom-Based INSETS Learning Model on the Critical Thinking Skills of Tenth-Grade Students at SMA Dharma Ayu Kefamenanu
This study aims to integrate a valid, practical, and effective local wisdom-based science learning model (INSETS) so that it is feasible to improve the critical thinking skills of high school students. The research design uses a development research design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects in the limited trial were conducted in class X at SMA Dharma Ayu, consisting of 19 students. The data collection process was carried out through documentation, tests, and questionnaires. The data analysis techniques used were quantitative and qualitative descriptive, n-gain, and paired t-test. The research results indicate: (1) the content validity of the INSETS learning model meets the criteria of very valid, (2) the consistency of the construct validity of the INSETS learning model meets the criteria of very valid, (3) the implementation stages of the INSETS learning model in limited and extensive trials fall within the good and fairly good criteria, and (4) students' critical thinking skills in limited trials and widespread tests increased significantly. It is concluded that the INSETS learning model developed is feasible to be used to effectively improve the critical thinking skills of students at SMA Dharma Ayu Kefamenanu. The results of the pretest and posttest trials were normally distributed and homogeneous. The paired t-test results showed that the significance level was < 0.05. This means that the INSETS learning model based on local wisdom is effective in improving the critical thinking skills of tenth-grade students at SMA Dharma Ayu.
Copyright (c) 2026 Finsensius Oetpah, Lusia Naimnule https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Risk Management in Improving Patient Safety at Budi Kemuliaan Hospital, Batam
The research investigates how risk management strategies contribute to enhanced patient safety in hospitals, with empirical evidence using data from a tertiary hospital in Indonesia. The study utilized a descriptive qualitative design supported by descriptive statistics. Primary data were collection involved in-depth interviews with four important informants, and qualitative secondary data were analysis included descriptive statistics, normality testing, and Spearman correlation analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis and data triangulation. The study’s results indicate that despite high ratings for service quality and patient satisfaction were rated very highly, no statistically significant correlation was identified between these variables (r = −0.003; p = 0.984). Qualitative data, however, suggests that patient safety is predominantly shaped by governance-based risk management systems, organizational safety culture, and strong leadership dedication. This research offer fresh empirical evidence that patient satisfaction cannot serve as a proxy indicator for patient safety. Instead, patient safety should be evaluated through systemic, preventive, and sustainable risk management frameworks. These results contribute to the theoretical discourse on healthcare quality management and offer practical implications for hospital leaders in strengthening patient safety governance in complex healthcare environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Susanna Halim, Juanna Soehardy, Alamsyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Story Jumper-Based Interactive Illustrated Storybooks to Improve Kindergarten Children’s Science Skills
The limited availability of interactive learning media has contributed to the low development of early childhood science skills in kindergarten learning. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an interactive illustrated storybook based on the Story Jumper platform to improve science skills among children aged 5–6 years. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The study involved two expert validators, one media expert and one material expert, while the field testing was conducted with 20 kindergarten children in Group B at TK Negeri Pembina Ranah Batahan, West Pasaman, Indonesia. Data were collected through validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, observation sheets, and pretest–posttest assessments. The findings indicated that the developed media achieved a very valid category, with validation scores of 91.6% from material experts and 88.8% from media experts. The practicality assessment by teachers reached 94.44%, indicating that the media was highly practical and easy to implement in classroom activities. Furthermore, the effectiveness test showed an increase in children’s science skills, reflected by an N-Gain score of 0.6656 in the moderate-to-high category. The study demonstrates that the Story Jumper–based illustrated storybook can serve as an innovative and effective digital learning medium to support the development of early childhood science skills through interactive and contextual learning experiences
Copyright (c) 2026 Lilis Sumanti, Yaswinda, Setiyo Utoyo, Nurhafizah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Palm Sap Innovation as Bacterial Cellulose Material
Old palm oil trunk waste produces sap water which is currently being developed only for the production of brown sugar. Palm oil trunk waste sap has great potential as another material. This study conducted the synthesis of bacterial cellulose from palm sap and conducted a characterization test of bacterial cellulose from the palm sap. This study is classified as qualitative research with laboratory research methods. The results of the study showed the success of palm sap as a bacterial cellulose material, with an optimal formation time on the 10th day with a thickness of 2.5 cm and an absorption capacity of 137.5 g/g. The FTIR test results showed specific functional groups of cellulose, namely OH at the peak of 3290 cm-1, aromatic C-C bonds at the peak of 1561 cm-1, CO bending bonds at the peak of 1399 cm-1 and H stretching vibrations with CO bonds at the peak of 1072 cm-1 and a closed chain was seen at the fingerprint peak. The SEM test showed a branched pellicle morphology that was bound long and strong. Mechanical tests showed an elongation at breaking load of 25.841%. XRD tests showed specific characteristics of pure cellulose at diffraction peaks of 14.20 and 15.40.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wardatul Husna Irham, Sri Wahyuna Saragih, Saroha Manurung, Christine Gabriela, Ariel Ramadani, Trisna Anggraeni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dayak Ethnobotanical Knowledge in Biodiversity Learning: Development and Evaluation of Ethnobotany-Based Teaching Materials
Biodiversity learning in senior high schools is often abstract and weakly connected to students local socio-ecological realities. Local ethnobotanical knowledge can provide a contextual basis for more meaningful biodiversity learning. This study aimed to develop and evaluate Dayak ethnobotany-based biodiversity teaching materials for Grade X students. The study used a Research and Development design with the ADDIE model. The participants were 23 tenth-grade students from one intact class and two biology teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Uut Murung, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The student sample represented a limited field trial to examine the feasibility and initial effectiveness of the product in a real classroom context. Data were collected using expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Product validity using Gregory’s formula obtained a score of 1.00, indicating very high validity. Practicality scores reached 95,5% from teachers and 91,5% from students. Learning outcomes increased from 47.25 to 89.86, with an N-Gain score of 0.83, categorized as high. The greatest improvement occurred in students cognitive understanding of biodiversity, especially its relationship with the local environment and local wisdom-based in conservation. Thus, the teaching materials are valid, practical, and effective for contextual biodiversity learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadil Muhammad, Hartono, Hartati, Firdaus Daud, Syamsiah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Guided Inquiry Assisted by Scaffolding in Biology Learning: A Solution to Improve Students Critical Thinking and Metacognitive Supporting SDG 4 (Quality Education)
This study purposed to determine the effect of guided inquiry learning assisted with scaffolding on students’ critical thinking and metacognitive skills. This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest control group design. The study was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Mojokerto with the research subject being 11th-grade science students, involving a control group using conventional instruction and an experimental group using guided inquiry learning supported by scaffolding. Data were collected through tests, using research instruments in the form of critical thinking and metacognitive essay test. Data were analayzed using the Mann-Whitney test and the N-Gain test. After being implemented with the guided inquiry learning model supported with scaffolding, critical thinking skills increased to 67.45 in the medium category. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference (p = 0.05). furthermore, in the N-Gain test analysis, the experimental group scored 57.59 in the moderately effective category, while the control group scored 7.39 in the ineffective category. The analysis of metacognitive skills revealed that the experimental group’s metacognitive skills were at 56.30 in the moderately effective category. It means that guided inquiry supported with scaffolding is affective in improving critical thinking and metacognitive skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alfito Deanoval, Yuni Gayatri, Lina Listiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Total Economic Valuation of Coral Reef Ecosystems and Ecotourism Carrying Capacity for Sustainable Management of the Gita Nada Marine Protected Area, West Lombok
Economic valuation alone is insufficient if it is not complemented by an analysis of environmental carrying capacity, particularly in areas designated for ecotourism development. This study aims to estimate the total economic value (TEV) of coral reef ecosystems and to assess the ecotourism carrying capacity within the Gita Nada Marine Protected Area (MPA) in West Lombok Regency. A descriptive research approach was employed using survey techniques involving three respondent groups: ecosystem service users (fishermen, n = 24), tourists (n = 40), and stakeholders (n = 11), totaling 75 respondents. Direct and indirect use values were estimated using market price, surrogate market, and replacement cost methods, while non-use values were derived through willingness-to-pay (WTP) surveys and benefit transfer. The findings indicate that the total economic value of coral reefs in the Gita Nada MPA reaches IDR 74,961,205,060.00 per year, with the largest component being existence value (IDR 28,782,000,000.00 per year). The ecotourism carrying capacity based on Government Regulation No. 18 of 1994 (10% of utilization zone) is estimated at 275 visitors per day for diving and 137 visitors per day for snorkeling, and 137 visitors per day for beach-based recreation. These values underscore the importance of sustainable conservation management to preserve the long-term ecological and economic benefits of the Gita Nada MPA.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syarif Husni, Sitti Hilyana, L. Sukardi, Muhammad Junaidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Proof-of-Concept of Chitosan–Cellulose Composite Filters for Microplastic Removal from Wastewater
Microplastics persist in aquatic systems and are difficult to remove using conventional filtration methods, prompting the development of low-cost, bio-based alternatives. This study presents a proof-of-concept chitosan filter derived from shrimp-shell waste, evaluated as a membrane sheet and as a coating on cellulose filter papers. FTIR confirmed chitosan formation, showing characteristic –OH/–NH stretching (~3450 cm⁻¹), amide I (~1650 cm⁻¹), amide II (~1570 cm⁻¹), and polysaccharide fingerprint peaks (1200–1000 cm⁻¹). Filtration experiments used a fixed 50 mL mixed-microplastic suspension processed under vacuum through five media: chitosan membrane, coffee filter paper, Whatman No. 42, and their chitosan-coated variants. Filtration time was recorded to derive the apparent filtration rate, and retained residues were assessed by visual inspection, stereomicroscopy, and morphometric size measurements in Fiji (particle size range reported as projected digital measurements). Coffee-based media exhibited the highest throughput (>50 mL/min), the chitosan membrane showed intermediate throughput (10 mL/min), and Whatman-based media were the slowest (7.14 mL/min). Chitosan-containing media displayed localized deposition and broader retained size ranges (up to 3.5 µm) compared with uncoated cellulose. Overall, the results support a waste-to-resource chitosan filtration approach that adds surface-mediated retention alongside passive sieving, with promising potential for application in laboratory-scale and pilot-scale wastewater treatment systems
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizki Sandhi Titisari, Daffa Hifrizi, Laily Isrofiani, Sapto P. Putro, Samuel Andre Yulianto, Farrel Rahman Parwoto, Andya Setya P. Putro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Correlation of Permeability and Thickness of the Clay Core Zone on Plastic Deformation in the Melawi Dry Dam, Indonesia
The Melawi Dry Dam is a zoned embankment dam with clay core located in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. As a flood-control structure, it undergoes significant wet–dry cycles that modify stress distribution and pore water pressure, potentially influencing plastic deformation within the core zone. This study aims to evaluate the effects of clay core thickness and permeability coefficient on vertical plastic deformation using a combination of fully coupled flow–deformation and plastic analysis in PLAXIS 2D. Numerical simulations represent a post-flood condition followed by a 130-day consecutive dry season period, defined as Julian days when rainfall remains at the lower rainfall-gradient threshold, during which the reservoir remains empty because inflow exceeds outlet capacity. Nine scenarios were analyzed by combining three core thicknesses (11.64, 19.40, and 27.16 m) with three laboratory-determined permeability coefficients. The results indicate that seven scenarios remain below the maximum allowable deformation limit of 1.0% of the dam height. Statistical analysis shows a strong correlation between core thickness, permeability, and deformation (R = 0.929). Multiple linear regression (Significance F = 0.00253; p < 0.05) confirms that both variables significantly affect deformation. Increasing core thickness consistently reduces plastic deformation, while lower permeability enhances resistance to seepage-induced instability, thereby supporting safe dry dam design.
Copyright (c) 2026 A Raya Diva Oriana, Anggara Wiyono Wit Saputra, Andre Primantyo Hendrawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reconstruction of Physics Concepts from Indigenous Knowledge in the Sasak Arak-Arakan Besunat Tradition Using Praje to Support SDG 4 (Quality Education)
This study aims to reconstruct physics concepts embedded in the Sasak Arak-arakan besunat tradition using praje into formal physics knowledge as a contextual ethnoscience-based learning resource supporting SDG 4 (Quality Education). The study employed a qualitative descriptive method with an ethnographic-ethnoscience approach. Data was collected through interviews, observations and documentation and scientific verification involving traditional leaders, praje craftsmen and parents in East Lombok. The data were analyzed through data reduction, identification of indigenous knowledge, scientific verification and reconstruction into school science concepts. The findings show that the tradition contains several contextual physics concepts, including Newton’s Laws, center of mass and dynamic equilibrium in maintaining praje stability, work and changes in potential and kinetic energy during lifting activities, impulse and momentum in drumstick collisions on gendang beleq, sound resonance in traditional musical instruments and uniform as well as accelerated motion during the procession. These concepts are empirically applied in community practices and can be scientifically reconstructed into formal physics learning concepts. The integration of indigenous knowledge has the potential to enhance students’ conceptual understanding and cultural literacy through contextual learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rabiatun Adawiah, Salwa Nur Sapiatun Nakjah, Ni Ketut Anggriani, Surajuddin, Gito Hadiprayitno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Google Sites–Based Multimedia for Social Science Learning to Improve Fifth-Grade Computational Thinking Skills
This research is motivated by the limited use of interactive multimedia in science learning in elementary schools, resulting in suboptimal student engagement and the development of computational thinking skills. The textbook-dominated learning process results in students being less active and having difficulty understanding concepts in depth. Therefore, the use of interactive multimedia based on Google Sites is expected to increase student motivation, understanding, and active participation. The purpose of this research is to develop interactive multimedia based on Google Sites in fifth-grade science learning in elementary schools that is highly valid, practical, and effective in improving students' computational thinking skills. The method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects consisted of fifth-grade teachers and students at SDN 11 Lubuk Buaya and SDN Percobaan in Padang City, West Sumatra. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and computational thinking tests. Data analysis techniques included validity, practicality, and effectiveness tests. The practicality test was conducted in class VB at SDN 11 Lubuk Buaya with 17 students and class VB at SDN Percobaan with 24 students, and 2 class teachers in each class. The effectiveness test was conducted in class VA at SDN Percobaan with 23 students as the control class and class VB as the experimental class. The validation results showed a score of 90% from the material experts, 93% from the language experts, and 81% from the design experts, categorizing it as very valid. The practicality test obtained a score of 95% from the teachers and 92% from the students, categorizing it as very practical. The effectiveness test showed that the experimental class achieved an average score of 87.44 (effective), while the control class achieved 58.88 (moderately effective). Thus, the Google Site-based interactive multimedia was declared very valid, very practical, and effective as an alternative learning medium for science studies in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Usmaulidar, Yeni Erita, Leni Zahara, Muhammadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Vidio-Based Learning in Flat Pattern Design to Improve Learning Outcomes
This study examined the effectiveness of video tutorials in enhancing students’ cognitive understanding and psychomotor skills in Flat Pattern Design learning. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design was employed involving 30 fashion design students selected through purposive sampling. The instructional intervention utilized video tutorials that demonstrated each stage of the flat pattern design process, enabling students to review learning materials repeatedly and practice independently. Data were collected through cognitive achievement tests and psychomotor performance assessments and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed statistically significant improvements in students’ learning outcomes following the intervention (p < 0.05). Cognitive achievement scores increased from pretest to posttest, accompanied by substantial gains in psychomotor performance. Classroom observations also indicated high levels of participation and engagement throughout the learning activities. These results suggest that video tutorials provide effective support for procedural learning by facilitating visual demonstration, self-paced practice, and skill mastery. The study contributes to the growing body of research on digital learning in vocational education by demonstrating the potential of video-based instruction to strengthen both conceptual understanding and practical competencies in fashion design courses
Copyright (c) 2026 Puspaneli, Puji Hujria Suci, Mimi Yupelmi, Sri Zulfia Nofrita, Ilham Zamil, Vina Oktaviani, Rafikah Husni, Reni Fitria, Hadiastuti, Hazevi Atila Yazel Aze, Yulia Aryati, Rima Agustia Utami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Allometric Biomass Equation Model of Sonneratia alba in Tanah Merah Mangrove Forest, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Mangrove forest biomass is an important parameter for carbon stock estimation and the sustainable management of coastal ecosystems. However, specific allometric equations for Sonneratia alba in mangrove forest ecosystems under semi arid environmental conditions characterized by relatively low rainfall, high salinity, and distinct muddy substrate characteristics remain limited. This study aims to develop a specific allometric equation model to estimate the biomass of Sonneratia alba in the Tanah Merah Mangrove Forest, East Nusa Tenggara. The method used to estimate biomass is destructive sampling and regression analysis. A total of fourteen sample trees representing seven diameter classes were harvested and measured for diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, and biomass components. The collected data were analyzed to produce the best allometric equations relating tree dimensions to biomass. The results showed that the best equation for stem biomass was B = 0.036D^(2.503), branch biomass was B = 1.269e^(0.154D), leaf biomass was B = 0.000022D^(2.124)H^(2.621), and total biomass was B = 5.607e^(0.142D)). The estimated carbon stock potential of Sonneratia alba in the Tanah Merah Mangrove Forest was 8.64 tons ha⁻¹. These findings provide an important scientific basis for improving biomass and carbon stock estimation accuracy and support evidence-based mangrove conservation and management, particularly in coastal ecosystems of East Nusa Tenggara.
Copyright (c) 2026 Meilyn Renny Pathibang; Yudhistira A. N. R. Ora; Aah Ahmad Almuqu, Tristania Silvana Lalus, Sutan Sahala Muda Marpaung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of PjBl Model in Biotechonology using Traditional Project of Betung Bamboo Shoot Pekasam at Senior High Scholl Bonti District
Project Based Learning (PjBL) is a student-centered learning model thaat emphasizes the production of a final product. However, the integration of local potential into project-based learning remains limited. The production of betung bamboo shoot (Dendrocalamus asper) pekasam is a traditional practice not widely recognized by students, despite its potential to extend shelf life and increase economic value. Therefore, incorporating bamboo shoot pekasam into PjBL can engage students in preserving local wisdom while fostering environmental awareness. The abundance of bamboo shoots in Bonti District presents a valuable local resource that can be developed into meaningful learning projects.This study aimed to determine students’ cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning outcomes through a PjBL model based on betung bamboo shoots. The research employed a pre-experimental method with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design. Instruments included lesson plans, pretest-posttest questions, LKPD, and validated assessment sheets using the Guttman scale. Data were analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and t-test. The results showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. Cognitive scores increased from 54.26 to 78, while affective and psychomotor scores reached 84.6 and 90.02, both categorized as very good. These findings indicate that local potential-based PjBL effectively improves student learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Entin Daningsih, Putri Sekarayu, Asriah Nurdini Mardiyyaningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nanomaterials in Rheumatoid Arthritis Over Two Decades: A Bibliometric Study of Inflammatory Pathways and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
The rapid expansion of nanomaterial-based rheumatoid arthritis (RA) research has produced a fragmented body of literature, limiting clear recognition of major journals, influential contributors, collaboration patterns, and shifting research priorities. This study presents a two-decade bibliometric mapping of nanomaterials in RA with an inflammation-focused perspective. English-language publications from 2005 to 2025 were collected from Scopus using a nanomaterial–RA–inflammation search strategy, yielding 5,110 initial records. Data were refined in OpenRefine through deduplication, author-name harmonization, and keyword normalization. Following eligibility screening, 720 articles were retained for core bibliometric analysis. Biblioshiny, supported by the Bibliometrix R package, was used to measure annual publication trends, productive sources, leading authors, institutional output, and collaborative networks. Conceptual development was assessed through keyword co-occurrence analysis and thematic mapping, with network visualizations generated in VOSviewer. Results indicate accelerated publication growth in the recent period, with outputs concentrated in drug delivery and biomaterials-related journals. Scientific productivity was driven by a limited group of countries and institutions, reflecting hub-based knowledge production. Keyword and thematic analyses identified targeted drug delivery and macrophage polarization as motor themes, while PI3K–AKT and Hedgehog signaling emerged as developing topics. Overall, the field shows rapid growth and organized thematic evolution.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Amin Nasution, Muhammad Andry, Nia Novranda Pertiwi, Hindri Syahputri, Syilvi Rinda Sari, Aqmal Ramadhan Pasaribu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Emotional Intelligence on Academic Procrastination Through Learning Burnout: A Meta-Analytic Study
This study investigates the mediating role of academic burnout in the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic procrastination, a pathway not previously examined through meta-analytic synthesis. Following predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 empirical studies published between 2015 and 2025 were retrieved from SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ResearchGate, yielding a combined sample of 6,901 participants. All analyses were conducted under a random effects model. Heterogeneity was substantial across pathways, with I² reaching approximately 86% in the burnout-to-procrastination path, justifying the chosen model. Funnel plot inspection revealed no strong evidence of publication bias for the two main pathways, though the emotional intelligence-to-procrastination path showed minor asymmetry attributable to a single outlier study. The pooled effect sizes showed that emotional intelligence negatively predicted academic burnout (r = –0.34, p < 0.001), and academic burnout strongly predicted academic procrastination (r = 0.73, p < 0.001), while the direct effect of emotional intelligence on procrastination was non-significant (r = –0.15, p = 0.255). A product-of-coefficients meta-analytic mediation analysis confirmed that the indirect effect through burnout was significant, with the non-significant direct effect indicating full mediation. These findings are consistent with Conservation of Resources Theory and the strength model of self-control. Interventions targeting burnout prevention alongside emotional intelligence development are recommended as evidence-based strategies for reducing academic procrastination among university students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Nur Luthofah, Widodo, Merry Lapasau https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mapping Research Trends of Project Based Learning for Students’ Digital Literacy: A Bibliometric Analysis
The integration of technology with project-based learning (PjBL) has become a key approach to fostering 21st-century skills, particularly digital literacy. However, research exploring the relationship between PjBL and digital literacy remains fragmented and lacks comprehensive mapping. This study aims to analyze research trends and thematic evolution related to PjBL and students’ digital literacy using a bibliometric approach. A total of 184 articles indexed in Scopus from 2015 to 2025 were analyzed using VOSviewer, including performance analysis, thematic mapping, and keyword co-occurrence. The results show a steady increase in publications, with a significant rise after 2020. The analysis identifies major research clusters focusing on digital literacy, immersive learning, instructional innovation, and interdisciplinary approaches. Furthermore, the findings suggest that PjBL is widely associated with enhancing student engagement, problem-solving skills, and broader 21st-century competencies. This study highlights emerging research directions, including the need for more robust pedagogical frameworks and increased cross-disciplinary collaboration. In conclusion, the integration of PjBL and digital literacy demonstrates strong potential to support more interactive and meaningful science learning aligned with digital era demands. Future research should focus on developing more adaptive and technology-integrated PjBL strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farisi Engrini, Asrizal, Fatni Mufit, Fuja Novitra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Global Research Trends on Black Soldier Fly Larvae for Organic Waste Bioconversion and Sustainable Animal Feed: A Bibliometric Analysis
The increasing organic waste generation in line with population growth requires sustainable management solutions. Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae are a promising innovation as they can convert organic waste into animal feed and fertilizer with economic value. This study aims to analyze global research trends in bioconversion by considering feed ratio using Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Bibliometric Analysis (BA) approaches. Data obtained from Scopus for the period 2020-May 2026 May 3, 2026 were analyzed using VOSviewer for 281 publications. The results show a significant increase in the number of publications. The subject area dominated by Agricultural and Biological Sciences. Relevant journals include Animal, Poultry Science and Journal of Insect as Food and Feed. The most productive authors there is Biasato,I., (12 publication with 203 total citation). Meanwhile, Italy is the country with the highest output. The most prominent keywords are Larva. The research focuses on the efficiency of converting waste materials into environmentally friendly protein sources.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Yumna Azzahro, Sri Sumiyati, Badrus Zaman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Soil Quality Changes in Open-Pit Nickel Mining and Post-Mining Reclamation: Implications for Achieving SDG 15 (Life on Land)
Open-pit nickel (Ni) mining has expanded rapidly in Indonesia and has become one of the main drivers of land degradation. This review synthesizes scientific evidence on the impacts of open-pit Ni mining on soil properties and evaluates the application of the Soil Quality Index (SQI) as integrative tools for assessing soil degradation and reclamation success. The reviewed studies consistently report severe declines in soil quality following mining, including reductions in soil organic carbon (SOC) from approximately 40.2 g/kg in forest soils to as low as 2.29 g/kg in post-mining soils, increases in bulk density from around 0.88 g/cm to 1.37 g/cm, and substantial decreases in microbial biomass carbon 350 mg C/kg to below 110 mg C/kg in heavily disturbed areas. Sensitive indicators such as soil organic matter, pH, bulk density, microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, and enzyme activities were identified as key variables responding rapidly to mining disturbance and reclamation measures. Reported SQI values range from very low in active mining areas (0.18–0.30), moderate in reclaimed lands (0.43–0.55), and high in forest ecosystems (0.70–0.81). These findings demonstrate that SQI provides a science-based framework for monitoring post-mining restoration and supports the achievement of SDG 15 (Life on Land), particularly land degradation neutrality targets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muchammad Asyroful Fawaid, Kurniawan Sigit Wicaksono, Reni Ustiatik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Digital Assessment in Developing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Students: A Systematic Literature Review
The aim of this study is to synthesise the strategic role of digital assessment in facilitating the development of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in students through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The main focus of this review encompasses the identification of characteristics of digital tools capable of stimulating the aspects of analysis, evaluation and creation. Key findings indicate that the effectiveness of HOTS development is highly dependent on the interface design and interactivity of the digital platform used, with real-time feedback and simulations of complex problem-solving emerging as key factors. The study’s conclusions affirm that systematically designed digital assessment can overcome the limitations of conventional evaluation in mapping students’ cognitive profiles in depth. The innovation offered by this study is a taxonomy of digital assessment relevant to the needs of the modern post-pandemic education curriculum. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for educational technology developers and practitioners in designing a more authentic, adaptive, and future-competency- oriented assessment ecosystem across various levels of education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eliaumra, Muhamad Aras, Shelvy Ferawati Rurua https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Electrical and Structural Cardiac Adaptations in Professional Basketball Players to Enhance Training Efficiency and Recovery
Professional basketball players undergo high-intensity training that promotes cardiac adaptations. This literature review summarizes current evidence on electrical and structural cardiac remodeling in professional basketball players and explores implications for training and recovery. Structural changes, such as ventricular enlargement and atrial remodeling, are common in this population. Early repolarization patterns are frequently observed, reflecting advanced physiological adaptation rather than isolated abnormalities. Integrating cardiovascular screening with performance and recovery monitoring can help optimize individualized training strategies, improve recovery, and maintain athlete health. This synthesis provides practical insights for sports medicine professionals and coaches to enhance player performance while minimizing cardiac risk.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewa Ayu Made Sriartha Kusuma Dewi, Arga Setyo Adji, Setya Haksama, Alan Dharmasaputra, Angela Puspita, Bambang Edi Suwito, Jordan Steven Widjaja, Atiyatum Billah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research Collaboration and Trends on Bioactive Compounds and Pharmacological Activities of Black Rice Bran: A Bibliometric Analysis
Black rice bran is an agricultural by-product rich in secondary metabolites with potential pharmacological activities, particularly antioxidant and antidiabetic effects. Despite increasing research on its bioactive compounds, the development of research trends and collaboration patterns in this field has not been systematically analyzed. This study aims to evaluate global research trends on the secondary metabolites and pharmacological activities of black rice bran using a bibliometric approach. Bibliographic data were retrieved from the Scopus database and selected using the PRISMA 2020 framework. The dataset was cleaned using OpenRefine and analyzed using the Bibliometrix R-package via the Biblioshiny interface, while network visualization was performed using VOSviewer. The results show a gradual increase in publications, particularly after 2018, with research mainly published in journals related to food chemistry and functional foods. Institutional contributions are largely dominated by Southeast Asian universities, especially in Thailand. Thematic evolution indicates a shift from phytochemical characterization toward pharmacological investigations, particularly antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. These findings highlight the growing scientific interest and potential of black rice bran as a promising natural resource for health promotion.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gusti Yogaswara, Lalu Husnul Hidayat, Navista Sri Octa Ujiantari, Soni Siswanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Early Childhood Science Skills through Augmented Reality-Based Flipbooks: A Systematic Literature Review
The integration of digital technology in education has encouraged the development of innovative learning media, including Augmented Reality (AR)-based flipbooks in science learning. Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on student motivation and conceptual understanding, this research emphasizes the novelty of integrating AR flipbook technology specifically to develop students’ science process skills in science learning. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of AR-based flipbooks in improving students’ science process skills and learning engagement in junior high school science classes, particularly on the topic of the human digestive system. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach. The participants consisted of 64 eighth-grade students from a junior high school, divided into an experimental group (32 students) using AR-based flipbooks and a control group (32 students) using conventional learning media. The intervention was conducted over four weeks during science learning activities. Data were collected using science process skills tests, observation sheets, and student response questionnaires. The effectiveness of the media was analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, independent sample t-tests, and effect size analysis. The results showed that the experimental group achieved a higher increase in science process skills compared to the control group. The average pretest score of the experimental group increased from 61.25 to 85.40 in the posttest, while the control group improved from 60.80 to 72.15. The N-gain score of the experimental group was 0.71 (high category), whereas the control group obtained 0.42 (moderate category). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between both groups (p < 0.05) with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.87). Students in the experimental group also demonstrated better performance in observing, classifying, interpreting data, and communicating scientific findings. In addition, questionnaire results indicated that students showed higher motivation, active participation, and positive responses toward the use of AR-based flipbooks. In conclusion, AR-based flipbooks are effective and engaging learning media that significantly improve students’ science process skills and support active learning in science education. The integration of interactive AR features into science learning provides more meaningful and contextual learning experiences, making this media highly recommended for classroom implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asyifa Maharani, Yaswinda, Nurhafizah, Setiyo Utoyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mapping Performance Assessment Tools of Practical Skills in Chemistry Education: Evidence from a Systematic Review
Performance assessment has emerged as an important approach in chemistry education to address the limitations of conventional testing. This study aims to systematically review the implementation of performance-based assessments in chemistry, focusing on instrument typology, educational context, and targeted competencies. Guided by the PRISMA protocol, a comprehensive search was conducted in the Scopus database for peer-reviewed research articles published between 2015 and 2025. Due to the very strict inclusion criteria that focused exclusively on validated chemistry-specific instruments, nine selected articles were synthesized. Results indicate that analytical rubrics remain the most dominant format (67% of reviewed tools), with digital video-based assessments emerging as a recent trend, while 88% of implementations are skewed towards higher education. These authentic tools consistently report positive impacts on students' practical competence and procedural engagement. However, pedagogical challenges remain: current instruments often fail to capture deep conceptual reasoning due to the high cognitive load experienced by students during active tasks. This review concludes that while performance assessments effectively measure technical compliance, global standardization of the Evidence-Centered Design (ECD) framework is urgently needed to address the current fragmentation of instruments and systematically align laboratory evidence with measurable conceptual milestones.
Copyright (c) 2026 Faradhilla Bonita, Nahadi, Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Eaton Exponent Sensitivity in Sonic and Resistivity Log-Based Pore Pressure Prediction: Supporting Sustainable Energy Exploration in South Sembakung Field, Indonesia
Accurate pore pressure prediction is critical for safe drilling operations during early exploration when direct measurements are limited. The Eaton method is widely applied, yet the exponent (n) is treated as a fixed constant without sensitivity evaluation under normal pore pressure regimes. This study quantifies the effect of exponent variation using sonic and resistivity logs from Well X, South Sembakung Field, Tarakan Basin. Normal Compaction Trends (NCTs) were constructed from shale intervals (GR ≥ 75 API). NCT quality differs substantially between log types with R² = 0.79 for sonic versus R² = 0.076 for resistivity, causing residual deviations amplified nonlinearly by n, making exponent selection consequential even under normal pressure. Systematic variation (n = 2.50–3.50 for sonic; n = 1.00–2.00 for resistivity) was validated against three DST measurements using Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Sonic predictions yielded MAE of 309.89–402.40 psi, outperforming resistivity predictions (584.50–995.85 psi), reflecting superior NCT stability. Resistivity errors reflect petrophysical heterogeneity including formation water salinity and clay mineral content. Lower n values mechanically converge predictions toward the hydrostatic baseline as a mathematical consequence of the Eaton formulation. The Eaton exponent must therefore be treated as a site-specific calibration parameter, not a universal constant.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lucky Rinaldy, Abdul Haris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning Integrated with Local Wisdom in Enhancing Students’ Scientific Literacy: A Systematic Literature Review
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing Problem Based Learning (PBL) integrated with local wisdom in improving students’ scientific literacy in science and biology learning. Studies examining the integration of PBL and local wisdom in relation to scientific literacy remain limited; therefore, this research was conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of research trends and their impact on learning. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method following the PRISMA guidelines. Data were collected through article searches in the Google Scholar, DOAJ, Portal Garuda/SINTA, and Scopus databases, covering publications from 2020 to 2025. Based on the processes of identification, screening, and selection, 45 articles met the inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed qualitatively and strengthened through bibliometric mapping using VOSviewer. The findings indicate that the implementation of PBL integrated with local wisdom is effective in improving students’ scientific literacy through investigation activities, problem-solving, and discussions based on local contextual phenomena. The most frequently studied topics include ecology, interactions between living organisms and their environment, and biotechnology. Bibliometric analysis also revealed a strong relationship among the keywords “PBL,” “local wisdom,” and “scientific literacy.” These findings contribute to the development of contextual, meaningful, and relevant science learning that aligns with students’ daily lives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hikmah Cahya Utami, Yuni Sri Rahayu, Sifak Indana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Global Perspectives on Literacy-Numeracy Disparities: A Systematic Review of Predictive Factors and Interventions to Foster Equitable Quality Education
This study aims to synthesize global empirical findings on literacy numeracy (LN) through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The review focuses on three key aspects: predictive factors of numeracy development, social disparities (including gender and socioeconomic status), and the effectiveness of pedagogical interventions. Data were collected from 15 empirical studies published between 2024 and 2025 and analyzed using thematic synthesis. The findings reveal that numeracy development is influenced by strong cognitive foundations, particularly early numeracy and quantitative language, which act as significant predictors of later mathematical achievement. Neurocognitive evidence also highlights the role of specific brain regions, while family support contributes indirectly through learning environments. Furthermore, significant social disparities persist, where gender and socioeconomic status interact in complex ways to shape numeracy outcomes, with women and low-SES groups consistently showing lower performance. In terms of interventions, domain-specific and differentiated pedagogical approaches, including teacher professional development and contextualized learning, demonstrate effectiveness in improving numeracy skills. However, challenges remain in implementation, particularly in curriculum alignment, assessment bias, and contextual barriers. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of literacy numeracy as a multidimensional and context-dependent competence, emphasizing the need for integrated, equitable, and evidence-based educational strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nunuk Haryanti, Afadil, Supriyatman, Citra Dewi, Ni Putu Murniasih, Sarintan Nurcahyati Kaharu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0