The Impact of Problem-Based Learning on Science Learning to Improve Students' Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills: A Meta-Analysis

Authors

Nurul Aripin , Festiyed , Yerimadesi , Heffi Alberida , Yuni Ahda , Fatni Mufit

DOI:

10.29303/jppipa.v11i6.10051

Published:

2025-06-25

Issue:

Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): June

Keywords:

Critical thinking, Meta-analysis, Problem-based learning, Problem-solving

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Aripin, N., Festiyed, Yerimadesi, Alberida, H., Ahda, Y., & Mufit, F. (2025). The Impact of Problem-Based Learning on Science Learning to Improve Students’ Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills: A Meta-Analysis. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(6), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i6.10051

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Abstract

This meta-analysis investigates the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in enhancing students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills in science education. A total of 42 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2024 were analyzed, covering diverse educational levels and scientific disciplines. The analysis revealed a large average effect size (ES = 0.798; 95% CI: 0.782–0.813), indicating a strong positive impact of PBL. The low standard error (SE = 0.043–0.060) reflects high estimation precision. Statistical tests, including funnel plot symmetry, Trim-and-Fill analysis (p = 0.991), and Egger’s regression test (p = 0.947), confirm the absence of significant publication bias. Moreover, residual heterogeneity was minimal (τ² = 0.000), validating the appropriateness of the fixed-effects model. These findings provide robust empirical evidence that PBL is consistently effective across various contexts in improving students’ 21st-century competencies. The study offers meaningful implications for educators and policymakers in designing science learning strategies that foster higher-order thinking skills.

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Author Biographies

Nurul Aripin, Universitas Negeri Padang

Festiyed, Universitas Negeri Padang

Yerimadesi, Universitas Negeri Padang

Heffi Alberida, Universitas Negeri Padang

Yuni Ahda, Universitas Negeri Padang

Fatni Mufit, Universitas Negeri Padang

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