Isolation and Antimicrobial Activity Test of n-Hexane of Pineapple Core Ananas comosus L. Merr
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10696Published:
2025-03-25Downloads
Abstract
Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) contains various bioactive compounds, including the enzyme bromelain. Pineapple pith was chosen as a sample because it is still underutilized. This study aims to isolate secondary metabolite compounds from n-hexane extract of pineapple bark and test its antimicrobial activity. Maceration was carried out using n-hexane solvent, then the extract was separated by gravity column chromatography, resulting in four fractions. Separation of pure compounds using thin layer chromatography (KLT) with n-hexane:ethyl acetate (4:1) eluent. The second fraction produced a white crystalline compound (Ac-EH) with a melting point of 128-130°C. Characterization with UV-Vis showed absorption at λmax 268 nm and 206 nm, while FTIR identified the functional groups C-O (1047 cm-¹), CH₃ (1379 cm-¹), CH₂ (1465 cm-¹), C-H aliphatic (2939 cm-¹), and OH (3309 cm-¹). Phytochemical tests showed that Ac-EH belongs to the terpenoid group. Antimicrobial activity tests against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans were carried out by diffusion method at concentrations of 20%, 30%, and 40%. The results showed that the n-hexane and Ac-EH extracts were active in inhibiting bacterial growth but not against fungi. The n-hexane extract inhibited S. aureus by 9.1 mm, 9.5 mm, and 9.8 mm and S. epidermidis by 8.1 mm, 8.4 mm, and 8.7 mm. The Ac-EH compound inhibited S. aureus by 8.5 mm, 8.9 mm, and 9.4 mm and S. epidermidis by 8.3 mm, 8.7 mm, and 9.1 mm.
Keywords:
Antimicrobial Diffusion Isolation Pineapple core extract S. aureus S. epidermidisReferences
Dewi, E. S., Hakim, A., & Savalas, L. R. T. (2019). Isolasi Likopen Dari Buah Tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum L) dan Uji Aktivitas Likopen Terhadap Bakteri Salmonella thypi. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v5i1.172
Ekawati, S., & Azizah, M. (2017). Profil Kromatogram dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Beberapa Fraksi Ekstrak Daun Kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Disentri dengan Metode Difusi Agar. Jurnal Penelitian Sains, 19(2), 86–93. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.mipa.unsri.ac.id/index.php/jps/article/view/479
Fasya, A. G., Purwantoro, B., & Ahmad, M. (2020). Aktivitas antioksidan isolat steroid hasil kromatografi lapis tipis dari fraksi n-heksana Hydrilla verticillata. ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry, 8(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v8i1.9936
Guo, Y., Song, G., Sun, M., Wang, J., & Wang, Y. (2020). Prevalence and therapies of antibiotic-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10, 107. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00107
Hafizah, G. T. R., Hidayati, A. R., & Permatasari, L. (2024). Comparative Analysis of a Secondary Metabolite Profile from Leaves, Peel and Bulbs of Allium sativum L. by GC-MS. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 24(3), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7058
Hani, K. F., & Novita, R. (2022). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kasar Bonggol Nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) Terhadap Salmonella enterica Serotipe Typhi. Journal of Biotropical Research and Nature Technology, 1(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.36873/borneo.v1i1.5770
Juariah, S., Bakar, F. I. A., Bakar, M. F. A., Endrini, S., Kartini, S., & Ningrum, R. S. (2023). Antibacterial Activity and Inhibition Mechanism of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Ethanol Extract Against Pathogenic Bacteria. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 30(1), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.30.1.145157
Juariah, S., Abu Bakar, F. I., Abu Bakar, M. F., & Susi Endrini, S. E. (2023). Antibacterial potential of Curcuma caesia Roxb ethanol extract against nosocomial infections. Bali Medical Journal (Bali MedJ), 12(2), 1959–1963. Retrieved from http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10539/
Juariah, S., Juliantari, E., Hanggara, D., Surya, A., & Endrini, S. (2024). Chemical Profiling, Antifungal and Anti-inflammatory Evaluations of Ethanol Extract of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum and Curcuma caesia Mixture from Riau, Sumatera Island, Indonesia. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i1.12
Juariah, S., Melyanti, R., Irawan, M. P., Sukri, S., Marlida, Y., & Suharti, N. (2020). In Vitro Effect of Pineaple (Ananas comosus L. Mer) Core extract on Growth of Candida albicans. Solid State Technology, 63(5), 2203–2210. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/AX9kd
Juariah, S., Ningrum, T. S., & Yusrita, E. (2023). Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Rimpang Lengkuas Merah (Alpinia Purpurata K. Schum) terhadap Candida albicans. Meditory: The Journal of Medical Laboratory, 11(1), 83–89. https://doi.org/10.33992/meditory.v11i1.2303
Juariah, S., & Wati, D. (2020). Efektifitas Ekstrak Bonggol Nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr) terhadap Escherichia coli. Meditory: The Journal of Medical Laboratory, 8(2), 95–100. Retrieved from http://ejournal.poltekkes-denpasar.ac.id/index.php/M/article/view/1246
Kartini, S., Juariah, S., Mardhiyani, D., Bakar, M. F. A., Bakar, F. I. A., & Endrini, S. (2023). Phytochemical Properties, Antioxidant Activity and α-Amilase Inhibitory of Curcuma Caesia. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 30(1), 255–263. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.30.1.255263
Liu, B., Deng, J., Jie, X., Lu, F., Liu, X., & Zhang, D. (2022). Protective effects of the Bupi Yishen formula on renal fibrosis through PI3K/AKT signaling inhibition. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 293, 115242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115242
Minarni, & Rosmalia, D. (2022). Uji Daya Hambat Antibakteri Ekstrak Bonggol Nanas Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans. Jurnal Kesehatan, 8(1), 10–15. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.stikesprimanusantara.ac.id/index.php/JKPN/article/view/707/0
Movahed, Z. G., Yarani, R., Mohammadi, P., & Mansouri, K. (2021). Sustained oxidative stress instigates differentiation of cancer stem cells into tumor endothelial cells: Pentose phosphate pathway, reactive oxygen species and autophagy crosstalk. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 139, 111643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111643
Naritasari, F., Susanto, H., & Suprianto. (2018). Pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak etanol bonggol nanas (ananas comosus ( L .) Merr) terhadap apoptosis karsinoma sel skuamosa lidah manusia. Majalah Obat Tradisional, 15(1), 16–25. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/vow9H
Pamenta, A. F. A. (2019). α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Of Cucurbitane Derivate Isolated From Methanol Extract Of Momordica charantia L. Leaves. Jurnal Akta Kimia Indonesia (Indonesia Chimica Acta), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.20956/ica.v12i2.8341
Rahmat, D., Nurhidayati, L., & Bathini, M. A. (2016). Peningkatan aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak nanas (Ananas comosus (L.). Merr) dengan pembentukan nanopartikel. Jurnal Sains Dan Kesehatan, 1(5), 236–244. Retrieved from https://jsk.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/JSK/article/view/158
Riris, I. D. (2013). Isolasi dan Elusidasi Struktur Kimia Yang Mempunyai Bioaktivitas Sebagai Inhibitor Enzim A Glukosidase dari Kulit Batang Raru (Vatica pauciflora Blume). [Doctoral dissertation: Universitas Sumatera Utara] Retrieved from https://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/42324
Runtuboi, D. Y. P., Indrayani, E., Mishbach, I., & Karisoh, G. O. (2024). Characterization of Bioactive Compounds and Stability of Mangrove Extract Rhizopora Sp. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(10), 7447–7455. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.8674
Sumiati, T., Masaenah, E., & Mustofa, K. N. (2021). Formulasi obat kumur herbal ekstrak etanol kulit nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) sebagai antibakteri Streptococcus sanguinis penyebab plak gigi. Jurnal Farmamedika (Pharmamedika Journal), 6(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.47219/ath.v6i1.112
Sundari, I. (2020). Karakterisasi Morfologi Dan Kualitas Buah Tanaman Nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) Lokal di Kabupaten Siak. [Thesis: UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau]. Retrieved from https://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/29226/
Wang, L., Song, Y., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Wang, M., He, J., Li, S., Zhang, L., Li, K., & Cao, L. (2023). Advances of artificial intelligence in anti-cancer drug design: a review of the past decade. Pharmaceuticals, 16(2), 253. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16020253
Winarni, E., Nasution, A. N., & Nasution, S. W. (2023). Antifungal Activity of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and Garlic (Allium sativum) against HIV Patients-Isolated Candida albicans. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(10), 9038–9044. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i10.4981
Winda, F. R., Suparno, S., & Prasetyo, Z. K. (2023). Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamomum burmannii Extract Against Escherichia coli. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(11), 9162–9170. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.4045
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Juariah, Rival Juliansyah, Nurlaila Wahyuni
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
