Anti-inflammatory Potential of Oleogel Calophyllum inophyllum L (Nyamplung) from Coastal Sabang City
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i5.10957Published:
2025-05-25Downloads
Abstract
This research aims to explore the anti-inflammatory potential of oleogel made from nyamplung seed oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) originating from the coastal area of Sabang City, Aceh Province. Nyamplung seed oil is known to contain secondary metabolites that have anti-inflammatory potential, in addition to its high antioxidant activity. The use of nyamplung seed oil as a natural medicinal ingredient is very important considering the high consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which can cause side effects such as kidney damage. The aim of this research is to develop an oleogel formulation based on nyamplung seed oil as a safer and more effective alternative medicine. Apart from that, this research also aims to increase the economic value of local resources, especially for the people of Sabang City. This research used an experimental approach, involving oil extraction from nyamplung seeds, oleogel formulation, and characterization of the final product. Box-Behnken design from Response Surface Methodology was used to obtain the optimal formulation. It is expected that the research will produce an oleogel product with effective and safe anti-inflammatory activity, thereby increasing the utilization of local natural resources for the health and welfare of the people of Aceh, especially Sabang City.
Keywords:
Antiinflammatory, Box-Behnken design, Calophyllum inophyllum, Nyamplung, Oleogel, Response surface methodologyReferences
Aparamarta, H. W., Gunawan, S., Ihsanpuro, S. I., Safawi, I., Bhuana, D. S., Mochtar, A. F., & Yusril Izhar Noer, M. (2022). Optimization and kinetic study of biodiesel production from nyamplung oil with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique. Heliyon, 8(8), e10254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10254
Azhar, B., Gunawan, S., Muharja, M., Avian, C., Satrio, D., & Aparamarta, H. W. (2024). Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction in the purification of triglycerides from non-edible crude Calophyllum inophyllum oil as biodiesel feedstock using artificial intelligence. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 47, 312–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2023.12.001
Blaak, J., Theiss, C., Schleißinger, M., Simon, I., Schürer, N. Y., & Staib, P. (2020). A Commercially Available Skin Care Lotion with a pH of 4.5 and 10% Urea Improves Skin Surface pH, Stratum Corneum Hydration and Epidermal Barrier Function in Subjects with Dry Skin and Atopic Diathesis. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 10(03), 116–133. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcdsa.2020.103014
Chinthu, R. V, Kumar, B. R. P., & Raveendran, M. (2023). A review on the genus Calophyllum (Clusiaceae): a potential medicinal tree species. Plant Science Today. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.1818
Fadhlullah, M., Widiyanto, S. N. B., & Restiawaty, E. (2015). The Potential of Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) Seed Oil as Biodiesel Feedstock: Effect of Seed Moisture Content and Particle Size on Oil Yield. Energy Procedia, 68, 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.246
Fitriyana, L., Dani Supardan, M., Aisyah, Y., & Irfan. (2023). Analysis of Nyamplung (Callophylum inophyllum) Seed Extract as Antioxidants through Various Extraction Methods. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 16(04), 2119–2125. https://doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2023.1648364
Fitriyana, L., Supardan, M. D., & Aisyah, Y. (2024). Optimised extraction of antioxidant components from Calophyllum inophyllum L. seeds using response surface methodology. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 10(3), 1085–1098. https://doi.org/10.22034/gjesm.2024.03.10
Gómez-Verjan, J., Gonzalez-Sanchez, I., Estrella-Parra, E., & Reyes-Chilpa, R. (2015). Trends in the chemical and pharmacological research on the tropical trees Calophyllum brasiliense and Calophyllum inophyllum, a global context. Scientometrics, 105(2), 1019–1030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1715-2
Hernani, Halimatussa’diyah, & Supiati, S. (2022). The Quality of Cream Formulated From Gambier Leaf Extract. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1024(1), 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1024/1/012010
Jain, M., Chandrakant, U., Orsat, V., & Raghavan, V. (2018). A review on assessment of biodiesel production methodologies from Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil. Industrial Crops and Products, 114, 28–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.01.051
Kapadiya, B., Gohil, D., Patel, D., Aundhia, C., Shah, N., Pandya, K., & Shah, C. (2016). Formulation and Evaluation of Spironolactone Loaded Emulgel for Topical Application. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Bioscientific Research, 6(5), 740–752. Retrieved from https://www.jpsbr.org/volume_6/JPSBR_Vol_6_Issue_1_htm_files/JPSBR16RS5029.pdf
Kasparaviciene, G., Kalveniene, Z., Pavilonis, A., Marksiene, R., Dauksiene, J., & Bernatoniene, J. (2018). Formulation and Characterization of Potential Antifungal Oleogel with Essential Oil of Thyme. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9431819
Kudera, T., Rondevaldova, J., Kant, R., Umar, M., Skrivanova, E., & Kokoska, L. (2017). In vitro growth-inhibitory activity of Calophyllum inophyllum ethanol leaf extract against diarrhoea-causing bacteria. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 16(9), 2207. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v16i9.23
Mata-Mota, J. D., Gallegos-Infante, J. A., Pérez-Martínez, J. D., Rocha-Guzmán, N. E., & González-Laredo, R. F. (2023). Effect of hydrogel/oleogel ratio, speed and time of mixing, on the mechanical properties of bigel materials and the application of Cox-Merz rule. Food Materials Research, 3(1), 0–0. https://doi.org/10.48130/FMR-2023-0024
Ong, H. C., Mahlia, T. M. I., Masjuki, H. H., & Norhasyima, R. S. (2011). Comparison of palm oil, Jatropha curcas and Calophyllum inophyllum for biodiesel: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(8), 3501–3515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.05.005
Perța-Crișan, S., Ursachi, C.-Ștefan, Chereji, B.-D., Tolan, I., & Munteanu, F.-D. (2023). Food-Grade Oleogels: Trends in Analysis, Characterization, and Applicability. Gels, 9(5), 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9050386
Prasad, J., Shrivastava, A., Khanna, A. K., Bhatia, G., Awasthi, S. K., & Narender, T. (2012). Antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activity of the constituents isolated from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytomedicine, 19(14), 1245–1249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.001
Rakhmawati, R., Kusumaningrum, D. M., Artanti, A. N., Prihapsara, F., & Hadi, S. (2021). Optimization Of Natural Body Scrub Formulation Based On Oilseed Press Cake Of Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum L) Using D-Optimal Mixture Experimental Design. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1912(1), 012051. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1912/1/012051
Sabale, V., Kunjwani, H., & Sabale, P. (2011). Formulation and in vitro evaluation of the topical antiageing preparation of the fruit of Benincasa hispida. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2(3), 124–128. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-9476.85550
Saechan, C., Kaewsrichan, J., Leelakanok, N., & Petchsomrit, A. (2021). Antioxidant in cosmeceutical products containing Calophyllum inophyllum oil. OCL - Oilseeds and Fats, Crops and Lipids, 28, 28. https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021015
Shakouri, S., Arabshahi, S., Madanchi, H., Mohammadifar, M. A., & Abdolshahi, A. (2024). Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose incorporation to gelatin‐sunflower oil bigel on the physicochemical and structural properties. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 35(9), e6567. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6567
Soib, H. H., Ismail, H. F., Husin, F., Abu Bakar, M. H., Yaakob, H., & Sarmidi, M. R. (2020). Bioassay-Guided Different Extraction Techniques of Carica papaya (Linn.) Leaves on In Vitro Wound-Healing Activities. Molecules, 25(3), 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030517
Thy, L. T. M., Le Khoi, T., Do Dat, T., My, P. L. T., Thanh, V. H., Viet, N. D., Duy, H. K., Nam, H. M., Phong, M. T., & Hieu, N. H. (2020). Extraction of tamanu oil from Calophyllum inophyllum L. seeds by ultrasound-assisted method and testing wound care treatment. J. Sci. Technol. Food, 20(3), 54–66. Retrieved from https://vjol.info.vn/index.php/hufi/article/view/52551
Ugbogu, E. A., Dike, E. D., Uche, M. E., Etumnu, L. R., Okoro, B. C., Ugbogu, O. C., Adurosakin, O. E., Chinma, C. E., Ohaeri, E., & Iweala, E. J. (2023). Ethnomedicinal uses, nutritional composition, phytochemistry and potential health benefits of Carica papaya. Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine, 7, 100266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2023.100266
Umiyati, R., Millati, R., Ariyanto, T., & Hidayat, C. (2020). Calophyllum inophyllum extract as a natural enhancer for improving physical properties of bioplastics and natural antimicrobial. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 21(7). https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210753
Vittaya, L., Chalad, C., Ratsameepakai, W., & Leesakul, N. (2023). Phytochemical characterization of bioactive compounds extracted with different solvents from Calophyllum inophyllum flowers and activity against pathogenic bacteria. South African Journal of Botany, 154, 346–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2023.01.052
Yasir, A. S., Suryaneta, S., Putri, T., Saputra, I., Handayani, K., Zulaicha, A., Sari, I. P., Nurhayati, V., & Sholeha, A. (2024). Optimization of Formula and In Vitro Activity Testing of O/W Lotion Cosmetic Formulations Containing Ethanol Extract of Cat’s Whiskers Leaves (Orthosiphon aristatus) as Sunscreen. Indonesian Journal of Cosmetics, 2(1), 10–25. Retrieved from https://journal.itera.ac.id/index.php/ijcos/article/view/1809
Yimdjo, M. C., Azebaze, A. G., Nkengfack, A. E., Meyer, A. M., Bodo, B., & Fomum, Z. T. (2004). Antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents from Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry, 65(20), 2789–2795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.024
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Liya Fitriyana, Rita Sunartaty, Fadlan Hidayat, Salfauqi Nurman, Masyudi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
