Analysis of Total Protein and Non-Protein Nitrogen in Durian Seeds and Durian Flour Using the Kjeldahl Method

Authors

Apul Sitohang , Jansen Silalahi , Wiyanti Fransisca Simanullang

DOI:

10.29303/jppipa.v11i5.11363

Published:

2025-05-31

Issue:

Vol. 11 No. 5 (2025): May

Keywords:

Durian seed, Food waste utilization, Kjeldahl method, Non-protein nitrogen, Protein analysis

Research Articles

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How to Cite

Sitohang, A., Silalahi, J., & Simanullang, W. F. (2025). Analysis of Total Protein and Non-Protein Nitrogen in Durian Seeds and Durian Flour Using the Kjeldahl Method. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(5), 261–267. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i5.11363
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Abstract

Durian seeds, often regarded as agricultural waste, contain notable amounts of macronutrients, particularly proteins, that warrant further exploration for potential food and feed applications. This study aimed to evaluate the total nitrogen, protein, and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) contents in fresh and processed seeds of three local durian (Durio zibethinus) cultivars Bintana, Pelangi, and Bawor using the Kjeldahl method. Fresh seeds and their corresponding flours were analyzed for moisture content, total nitrogen, and protein fractions, including actual protein and NPN levels. The results revealed significant variations across cultivars and between fresh and processed samples. Bintana exhibited the highest protein content in both fresh and flour forms, followed by Pelangi and Bawor. Processing, including soaking, drying, and flour preparation, was found to increase measurable protein content but may also contribute to protein denaturation. Overall, durian seeds, particularly from the Bintana variety, demonstrate promising nutritional potential as a functional food ingredient or alternative protein source.

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Author Biographies

Apul Sitohang, Santo Thomas Catholic University

Jansen Silalahi, Sumatera Utara University, Medan

Wiyanti Fransisca Simanullang, Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia

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Copyright (c) 2025 Apul Sitohang, Jansen Silalahi, Wiyanti Fransisca Simanullang

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