Development of a Problem-Based Learning Module on Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures to Enhance Eighth-Grade Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i1.11451Published:
2026-02-07Downloads
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) science module supplemented with Mind Maps on the topic of elements, compounds, and mixtures to enhance the critical thinking skills of eighth-grade students. The research objectives were to: 1) describe the module's characteristics, 2) examine its feasibility, and 3) test its effectiveness. The development followed the Borg and Gall procedure, comprising ten systematic steps. The module's feasibility was assessed using the Aiken’s V validity test, while its impact on critical thinking skills was analyzed using ANCOVA. The results demonstrated that: 1) The developed module possesses distinctive characteristics, integrating PBL with Mind Maps, which promotes active student engagement and provides direct learning experiences to foster critical thinking. 2) The module is highly feasible for classroom use, supported by a strong Aiken’s V validity value of 0.85. 3) The module is statistically effective in improving students' critical thinking skills. This conclusion is substantiated by the ANCOVA test results, which showed a highly significant value of p <0.001, confirming a notable enhancement in critical thinking abilities after the implementation of the module. The study successfully validates the module as a viable and effective learning tool.
Keywords:
Critical thinking Modul Problem-Based LearningReferences
Agustina, H., Syahrial, A., Susilawati, S., & Gunada, I. W. (2022). Pengaruh penggunaan modul fisika berbasis problem based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 7(3), 1208–1218. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v7i3.742 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v7i3.742
Ali, R., Ghazi, S. R., Khan, M. S., Hussain, S., & Faitma, T. Z. (2010). Effectiveness of Modular Teaching in Biology at Secondary Level. Asian Social Science, 6(9). https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v6n9p49 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v6n9p49
Arends, R. I. (2012). Learning to Teach (6th). The McGraw-Hill. https://doi.org/10.18907/p1079-016-07776-3
Azwar, S. (2012). Reliabilitas dan validitas edisi 4. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Barrows, H. S. (1996). Problem-based learning in medicine and beyond: A brief overview. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 1996(68), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.37219966804 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.37219966804
Bell, S. (2010). Project-based learning for the 21st century: Skills for the future: The Clearing House. Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 83(2), 39–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098650903505415 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00098650903505415
Cahyani, H. D., Hadiyanti, A. H. D., & Saptoro, A. (2021). Peningkatan Sikap Kedisiplinan dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa dengan Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. EDUKATIF: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i3.472 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i3.472
Contrino, M. F., Millán, M. R., Villegas, P. V, & Hernández, J. M. (2024). Using an Adaptive Learning Tool to Improve Student Performance and Satisfaction in Online and Face-to-Face Education for a More Personalized Approach. Smart Learning Environments, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-024-00292-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-024-00292-y
Ekasari, R., Denitri, F. D., Rodli, A. F., & Pramudipta, A. R. (2021). Analisis Dampak Disrupsi Pendidikan Era Revolusi Indsutri. Ecopreneur, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.51804/econ12.v4i1.924 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51804/econ12.v4i1.924
Facione, P. A. (2015). Critical Thinking : What It Is and Why It Counts. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/ey3qc
Fadwa, F., Muhibbuddin, R., H., A., W., & Sarong, M. A. (2024). Enhancing Problem-Solving Skills and Learning Motivation Through Problem-Based Learning Modules in Biology Education. Tadris: Jurnal Keguruan Dan Ilmu Tarbiyah, 9(2), 413. https://doi.org/10.24042/tadris.v9i2.24627 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24042/tadris.v9i2.24627
Fidan, M., & Tuncel, M. (2019). Integrating augmented reality into problem-based learning: The effects on learning achievement and attitude in physics education. Computers & Education, 142, 103635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103635 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103635
Firdaus, R., Herwanto, H. W., Jayanti, R. D., Maskuri, M. N., Ratnasari, H. D., & Maulana, A. lha. A. (2024). Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Elektronik Informatika Materi Pengembangan Aplikasi Mobile untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Siswa. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(6). https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v6i6.7710
Gall, M. D., Borg, W. R., & Gall, J. P. (1996). Educational research: An introduction. Longman Publishing.
Hidayatullah, R. S., Ariyanto, S. R., Muhaji, M., H., & Yohannes, A. (2020). Collaborative Problem-based Learning: An Analysis of Problem-Solving Skills in Vocational Schools. IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 1(3), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v1i3.62 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v1i3.62
Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2004). Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn? Educational Psychology Review, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EDPR.0000034022.16470.f3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EDPR.0000034022.16470.f3
Jemeo, M. K., Sutadji, E., Pristiani, R., & Rahayuningsih, S. (2024). Implementation of Integrated Science Learning Model Using the Webbed Type: A Systematic Literature Review. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Review, 7(3), 527–542. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v7i3.81426 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v7i3.81426
Luzyawati, L. (2017). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA Materi Alat Indera melalui Model Pembelajaran Inquiry Pictorial Riddle. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dan Matematika, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.23971/eds.v5i2.732 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23971/eds.v5i2.732
Majid, A. (2014). Strategi Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Padsing, R. C. (2021). Effectiveness of Modularized Instruction In Teaching a Literature Review Paper. Global Scientific Jurnal, 9(4). Retrieved from www.globalscientificjournal.com
Prasmala, E. R., Irmawati, F., & Misnarti. (2022). Pemberdayaan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis melalui Problem Based Learning (PBL) dipadu Fishbone Diagram (FD. Jurnal Filsafat, Sains, Teknologi, Dan Sosial Budaya, 28(2), 8–14. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/Zyhwu DOI: https://doi.org/10.33503/paradigma.v28i2.1970
Prastowo, A. (2019). Panduan Kreatif Membuat Bahan Ajar Inovatif Menciptakan Metode Pembelajaran Yang Menarik Dan Menyenangkan. Diva Press.
Rusman. (2015). Model-model Pembelajaran: Mengembangkan Profesionalisme Guru. Rajawali Pers.
Sari, N. A., Hayati, S., Sartika, D., & Lestari, M. C. D. (2024). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran E-Modul pada Mata Pelajaran Fikih Kelas VII MTsN Padang Panjang. Journal of Education Research, 5(1). Retrieved from https://files01.core.ac.uk/download/pdf/604052350.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v5i1.787
Savery, J. R. (2016). Overview of problem-based learning: Definitions and distinctions. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 1(1). Retrieved from https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/ijpbl/vol1/iss1/3/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1002
Silberman, D., Carpenter, R., Takemoto, J. K., & Coyne, L. (2021). The Impact of Team-Based Learning on the Critical Thinking Skills of Pharmacy Students. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 13(2), 116–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2020.09.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2020.09.008
Sugianto, R., Effendi, M., Darmayanti, R., & others. (2022). Pembelajaran Kreatif Abad 21. Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Matematika. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/cLsv6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33603/jnpm.v6i1.6264
Yaseen, H., Mohammad, A. S., Ashal, N., Abusaimeh, H., Ali, A., & Sharabati, A.-A. A. (2025). The Impact of Adaptive Learning Technologies, Personalized Feedback, and Interactive AI Tools on Student Engagement: The Moderating Role of Digital Literacy. Sustainability, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031133
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Imam Setiawan, Baskoro Adi Prayitno, Bowo Sugiharto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
