Comparative Morphometric Analysis for Flood Risk Assessment in Alo and Molamahu Sub-Watersheds, Gorontalo Regency
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.11924Published:
2025-08-25Downloads
Abstract
This study conducts a comparative morphometric analysis of the Alo and Molamahu sub-watersheds, located in the upstream Limboto Watershed, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, to assess flood risk. Using the National Digital Elevation Model (DEMNAS) with an 8-m spatial resolution, classical morphometric parameters were derived through remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Both sub-watersheds share a maximum stream order of 4 and exhibit relatively high drainage density and stream frequency, indicating rapid surface runoff. However, the Molamahu sub-watershed is larger, steeper, and has a higher ruggedness number than Alo, suggesting greater erosion potential and higher susceptibility to landslides and flash floods. In contrast, Alo shows gentler slopes but remains flood-prone due to short overland flow paths. The analysis demonstrates that morphometric characteristics directly influence flood dynamics, highlighting the need for tailored watershed management. Recommended strategies include erosion control and slope stabilization in Molamahu, and water retention measures in Alo, supported by broader reforestation efforts across the Limboto system.
Keywords:
Morphometric Analysis Flood Risk Sub-watershed Comparison Watershed ManagementReferences
Aditama, D. H., Harisuseno, D., & Hendrawan, A. P. (2025). Flood Prone Area Analysis in the Wonosari Sub Watershed, Bondowoso Regency, East Java. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(5), 359–369. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i5.11130
Albaroot, M., Nabil, M. A., Hamdi, S. A., Mohammed, A., & Saleh, A. G. (2018). Quantification of morphometric analysis using remote sensing and GIS techniques in the Qa’Jahran Basin, Thamar Province, Yemen. Int J New Technol Res (IJNTR), 4(8), 12–22. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=3305986
Alfianto, A., & Cecilia, S. (2020). Pemodelan Potensi Erosi Dan Sedimentasi Hulu Danau Limboto Dengan Watem/Sedem. Jurnal Teknik Hidraulik, 11(2), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.32679/jth.v11i2.613
Arabameri, A., Tiefenbacher, J. P., Blaschke, T., Pradhan, B., & Tien Bui, D. (2020). Morphometric analysis for soil erosion susceptibility mapping using novel gis-based ensemble model. Remote Sensing, 12(5), 874. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050874
Bharath, A., Kumar, K. K., Maddamsetty, R., Manjunatha, M., Tangadagi, R. B., & Preethi, S. (2021). Drainage morphometry based sub-watershed prioritization of Kalinadi basin using geospatial technology. Environmental Challenges, 5, 100277. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100277
Chorley, R. J. (1957). A new standard for estimating drainage basin shape. Amer. Jour. Sci., 255, 138–141. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.255.2.138
Choudhari, P. P., Nigam, G. K., Singh, S. K., & Thakur, S. (2018). Morphometric based prioritization of watershed for groundwater potential of Mula river basin, Maharashtra, India. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes, 2(4), 256–267. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/24749508.2018.1452482
Chow, V. Te. (1965). Bibliography: 1) Handbook of applied hydrology. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666509493376
Dunggio, I., & Ichsan, A. C. (2022). Efektifitas Pembuatan Tanaman Vegetatif dalam Menanggulangi Erosi dan Sedimentasi (Studi Kasus di Daerah Aliran Sungai Limboto Provinsi Gorontalo). Jurnal Belantara, 5(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbl.v5i1.882
Enea, A., Stoleriu, C. C., Iosub, M., & Niacsu, L. (2024). A GIS automated tool for morphometric flood analysis based on the Horton–Strahler river classification system. Water, 16(4), 536. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/w16040536
Eraku, S., Lahay, R. J., & Akase, N. (2019). Utilization of the Storie Method to Analyze the Spatial Distribution of Ground Movement Vulnerability in the Limboto Watershed Area, Gorontalo Province. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 4(9). https://www.ijisrt.com/utilization-of-the-storie-method-to-analyze-the-spatial-distribution-of-ground-movement-vulnerability-in-the-limboto-watershed-area-gorontalo-province
Eraku, S. S., & Permana, A. P. (2020). Analisis kemampuan dan kesesuaian lahan di daerah aliran Sungai Alo, Provinsi Gorontalo. Jukung (Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan), 6(1). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jukung.v6i1.8243
Horton, R. E. (1932). Drainage-basin characteristics. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 13(1), 350–361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/TR013i001p00350
Horton, R. E. (1945). Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins; hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 56(3), 275–370. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[275:EDOSAT]2.0.CO;2
Jaya, R., Murti, S. H., Adji, T. N., & Sulaiman, M. (2024). Relation of morphometric characteristics to land degradation in the Biyonga sub-watershed, Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia. Journal of Degraded & Mining Lands Management, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2024.112.5263
Joji, V. S., Nair, A. S. K., & Baiju, K. V. (2013). Drainage basin delineation and quantitative analysis of Panamaram Watershed of Kabani River Basin, Kerala using remote sensing and GIS. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 82(4), 368–378. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-013-0164-x
Khodaei, H., Nasiri Saleh, F., Nobakht Dalir, A., & Zarei, E. (2025). Future flood susceptibility mapping under climate and land use change. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 12394. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97008-0
Meshram, S. G., & Sharma, S. K. (2017). Prioritization of watershed through morphometric parameters: a PCA-based approach. Applied Water Science, 7, 1505–1519. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0332-9
Mitsch, W. J., & Gosselink, J. G. (2015). Wetlands. John wiley & sons. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=-vcwBgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Morgan, R. P. C. (2009). Soil erosion and conservation. John Wiley & Sons. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=j8C8fFiPNOkC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Mosi, Y., Lihawa, F., Mahmud, M., & Novrizal, F. (2024). Analysis of Non-Point Source (NPS) Pollutant Load and Water Capacity of Bolango River, Gorontalo Province. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(11), 9904. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i11.9582
Mosi, Y., Warow, N., Usman, M., Bahuwa, I. C., Rosalia, N., Kadir, Z. S., Hamidun, M. S., Lihawa, F., & Dunggio, I. (2024). Analisis Erosi dan Sedimentasi di Sub Das Alo-Pohu Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Vi Gorontalo. Jurnal Sains Teknologi & Lingkungan, 10(2), 321–331. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v10i2.616
Munoth, P., & Goyal, R. (2020). Hydromorphological analysis of Upper Tapi river sub-basin, India, using QSWAT model. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 6(4), 2111–2127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00821-x
Nag, S. K. (1998). Morphometric analysis using remote sensing techniques in the Chaka sub-basin, Purulia district, West Bengal. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 26, 69–76. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03007341
Nasir, M. J., Iqbal, J., & Ahmad, W. (2020). Flash flood risk modeling of swat river sub-watershed: a comparative analysis of morphometric ranking approach and El-Shamy approach. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06064-5
Nusi, D., Tahir, A., Ilato, R., Abdussamad, J., & Aneta, Y. (2023). Implementation of flood disaster mitigation policy in Gorontalo regency (case study in Tibawa and Limboto districts). Russian Law Journal, 11(2S), 286–293.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/implementation-of-flood-disaster-mitigation-policy-in-gorontalo-regency-case-study-in-tibawa-and-limboto-districts
Obeidat, M., Awawdeh, M., & Al‐Hantouli, F. (2021). Morphometric analysis and prioritisation of watersheds for flood risk management in Wadi Easal Basin (WEB), Jordan, using geospatial technologies. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 14(2), e12711. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12711
Pallard, B., Castellarin, A., & Montanari, A. (2009). A look at the links between drainage density and flood statistics. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 13(7), 1019–1029. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1019-2009
Pastor, I., Tanislav, D., Nedelea, A., Dunea, D., Serban, G., Haghighi, A. T., Sabau, D., & Bretcan, P. (2024). Morphometric Analysis and Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds Located in Heterogeneous Geographical Units—Case Study: The Buzău River Basin. Sustainability, 16(17), 7567. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177567
Pisupati, S. L., & PJ, R. (2025). Morphometric analysis and prioritization of sub-watersheds in the Gosthani River Basin of southern India using PCA-WSM and geospatial techniques. Journal of Water and Climate Change, jwc2025727. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2025.727
Portuguez-Maurtua, M., Arumi, J. L., Stehr, A., Lagos, O., Chávarri-Velarde, E., & Rivera-Ruiz, D. (2023). Mapping of areas vulnerable to flash floods by means of morphometric analysis with weighting criteria applied. Water, 15(6), 1053. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061053
Purwanto, A., & Paiman, P. (2023). Flood Risk Spatial Modeling Based on Geographical Information Systems and Remote Sensing in the Pemangkat Regensi. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(11), 9554–9563. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.5264
Schumm, S. A. (1956). Evolution of drainage systems and slopes in badlands at Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 67(5), 597–646. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1956)67[597:EODSAS]2.0.CO;2
Sharma, M. L., Gander, G. A., & Hunt, C. G. (1980). Spatial variability of infiltration in a watershed. Journal of Hydrology, 45(1–2), 101–122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(80)90008-6
Singh, V. P. (1992). Elementary hydrology. (No Title). https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Elementary_Hydrology.html?id=w7gPAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y
Stallard, R. F. (1988). Weathering and erosion in the humid tropics. In Physical and chemical weathering in geochemical cycles (pp. 225–246). Springer.https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3071-1_11
Strahler, A. N. (1964). Quantitative geomorphology of drainage basin and channel networks. Handbook of Applied Hydrology.https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1572824500442828288
Supiyati, Elisa, I., & Halauddin. (2024). The Affect of Physical Parameters on Flood Potential in the Upstream River and the Musi Watershed of Kepahiang, Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(10), 7936–7945. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.7442
Sutradhar, S., & Mondal, P. (2023). Prioritization of watersheds based on morphometric assessment in relation to flood management: A case study of Ajay river basin, Eastern India. Watershed Ecology and the Environment,5, 111.https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2022.11.011
Taha, M. M. N., Elbarbary, S. M., Naguib, D. M., & El-Shamy, I. Z. (2017). Flash flood hazard zonation based on basin morphometry using remote sensing and GIS techniques: A case study of Wadi Qena basin, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 8, 157–167. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2017.08.007
Virgota, A., Farista, B., Suripto, Gunawan, L. A., & Ernawati. (2024). Identification and Mapping of Flood Vulnerability in the Meninting Watershed, West Lombok. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(7), 3759–3769. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i7.8201
Waikar, M. L., & Nilawar, A. P. (2014). Morphometric analysis of a drainage basin using geographical information system: a case study. Int J Multidiscip Curr Res, 2(2014), 179–184.
Wischmeier, W. H., & Smith, D. D. (1978). Predicting rainfall erosion losses: a guide to conservation planning (Issue 537). Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration.https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Heriansyah-Putra-2/post/Which-formula-is-correct/attachment/59d64d4e79197b80779a6e2c/AS%3A487650378424321%401493276318482/download/USLE.pdf
Yamazaki, D., Kanae, S., Kim, H., & Oki, T. (2011). A physically based description of floodplain inundation dynamics in a global river routing model. Water Resources Research, 47(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009726
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Indrawan, Talha Dangkua, Ahmad Syamsurijal S, Risman Jaya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
