Vol. 11 No. 9 (2025): September
Open Access
Peer Reviewed

The Effect of Hybrid Learning Method Assisted by Artificial Intelligence Camera Controller and Student Engagement on Learning Outcomes

Authors

DOI:

10.29303/jppipa.v11i9.12034

Published:

2025-09-25

Downloads

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted education, causing learning loss due to reduced teacher-student interaction during distance learning. Digital methods often failed to improve engagement and outcomes due to remote monitoring difficulties. A hybrid learning approach integrating offline and online methods was introduced, supported by an Artificial Intelligence Camera Controller (AICC), allowing 50% of students in-person participation while others joined online. This study investigated AICC-supported hybrid learning's impact on student engagement and mathematics outcomes using a quasi-experimental 2x3 factorial design with non-equivalent control groups. The participants of this study consisted of an experimental group of 64 students and a control group of 62 students. Data were collected through observations, questionnaires, and tests, analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA. Results showed AICC-supported hybrid learning significantly improved outcomes compared to hybrid learning without AICC. Findings revealed: (1) no significant difference between high and medium engagement students; (2) no significant difference between medium and low engagement students; (3) significant differences between high and low engagement students. AICC-supported hybrid learning effectively enhances engagement and academic performance, offering a promising post-pandemic educational strategy. Teachers should adopt this method for improved student competencies.

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence camera controller Hybrid learning method Learning outcomes Students engagement

References

Alika, O., & Radia, E. H. (2021). Development of Learning Media Based on Cross Puzzle Game in Science Learning to Improve Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 7(2), 173–177. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7i2.667 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7i2.667

Amin, S., Sumarmi, S., Bachri, S., Susilo, S., & Bashith, A. (2020). The Effect of Problem-Based Hybrid Learning (PBHL) Models on Spatial Thinking Ability and Geography Learning Outcomes. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(19), 83–94. Retrieved from https://www.learntechlib.org/d/217900/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i19.15729

Amin, S., Sumarmi, S., Bachri, S., Susilo, S., Mkumbachi, R. L., & Ghozi, A. (2022). Improving Environmental Sensitivity through Problem-Based Hybrid Learning (PBHL): An Experimental Study. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 11(3), 387–398. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i3.38071 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i3.38071

Amin, S., Sumarmi, S., & Prasad, R. R. (2023). Social science education students’ preparedness for problem-based hybrid learning. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 17(1), 76–84. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v17i1.20652 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v17i1.20652

Andriyani, L. P. Y., Tika, I. N., & Artawan, P. (2025). The Effect of TGT (Team game tournament) type Cooperative Learning Model Assisted by Interactive Wordwall Media on the Interests and Science Learning Outcomes of Junior High School Students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(7), 553–560. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i7.11519 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i7.11519

Ayuni, R. T., Jaedun, A., Zafrullah, Z., & Ramadhani, A. M. (2024). Trends in the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Science Education: Bibliometric & Biblioshiny Analysis (1975-2024). Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(10), 740–756. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.7846 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.7846

Bognár, L., Fáncsikné, É. H., Horváth, P., Joós, A., Nagy, B., & Strauber, G. (2018). Improved learning environment for calculus courses. Journal of Applied Technical and Educational Sciences, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.24368/jates.v8i4.59

Bond, M., Bedenlier, S., Marín, V. I., & Händel, M. (2021). Emergency remote teaching in higher education: Mapping the first global online semester. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00282-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00282-x

Cahyono, A. N., & Asikin, M. (2019). Hybrid learning in mathematics education: How can it work? Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1321(3), 032006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1321/3/032006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1321/3/032006

Creswell, J. W. (2016). Research Design Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Campuran. Pustaka Pelajar.

Fredricks, J. A., Filsecker, M., & Lawson, M. A. (2016). Student engagement, context, and adjustment: Addressing definitional, measurement, and methodological issues. Learning and Instruction, 43, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.02.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.02.002

Fung, F., Tan, C. Y., & Chen, G. (2018). Student Engagement and Mathematics Achievement: Unraveling Main and Interactive Effects. Psychology in the Schools, 55(7), 815–831. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22139 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22139

Gutiérrez-Braojos, C., Montejo-Gamez, J., Marin-Jimenez, A., & Campaña, J. (2019). Hybrid learning environment: Collaborative or competitive learning? Virtual Reality, 23(4), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-018-0358-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-018-0358-z

Haetami, H. (2023). Analysis Hybrid Learning on Learning Motivation Students and Mental Disorders as Moderator Variables During COVID-19. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(8), 6648–6658. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i8.4847 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i8.4847

Händel, M., Bedenlier, S., Kopp, B., Gläser-Zikuda, M., Kammerl, R., & Ziegler, A. (2022). The webcam and student engagement in synchronous online learning: Visually or verbally? Education and Information Technologies, 27(7), 10405–10428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11050-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11050-3

Hart, S. R., Stewart, K., & Jimerson, S. R. (2011). The Student Engagement in Schools Questionnaire (SESQ) and the Teacher Engagement Report Form-New (TERF-N): Examining the Preliminary Evidence. Contemporary School Psychology: Formerly ‘The California School Psychologist’, 15(1), 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03340964 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03340964

Hekele, F., Spilski, J., Bender, S., & Lachmann, T. (2022). Remote vocational learning opportunities—A comparative eye-tracking investigation of educational 2D videos versus 360° videos for car mechanics. British Journal of Educational Technology, 53(2), 248–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13162

Hendrowati, T. Y., Badrun, M., Siswoyo, & Istiani, A. (2025). The Impact of Hybrid Learning on Student Engagement and Academic Performance in Post-Pandemic Science Education. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(4), 154–165. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i4.10701 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i4.10701

Herayanti, L., Wi̇dodo, W., Susanti̇Ni̇, E., & Gunawan, G. (2020). The effectiveness of blended learning model based on inquiry collaborative tutorial toward students’ problem-solving skills in physics. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(3), 959–972. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.675819 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.675819

Hidayat, D., Kim, T., Listiani, T., & Setianingsih, A. R. (2019). Adolescence Student Behavioral Engagement In Mathematics Class. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 8(2). https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v8i2.16927 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v8i2.16927

Hollister, B., Nair, P., Hill-Lindsay, S., & Chukoskie, L. (2022). Engagement in Online Learning: Student Attitudes and Behavior During COVID-19. Frontiers in Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.851019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.851019

Hung, Y. H., Chang, R. I., & Lin, C. F. (2016). Hybrid learning style identification and developing adaptive problem-solving learning activities. Comput. Hum. Behav., 55(PA), 552–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.004

Hwang, G.-J., Xie, H., Wah, B. W., & Gašević, D. (2020). Vision, challenges, roles and research issues of Artificial Intelligence in Education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 1, 100001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100001

Jacob, T. P., Pravin, A., & Rajakumar, R. (2021). An AI-Powered Smart Camera for Object Detection. 2021 6th International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES), 1701–1703. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCES51350.2021.9489064 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCES51350.2021.9489064

Kahu, E. R., & Nelson, K. (2018). Student engagement in the educational interface: Understanding the mechanisms of student success. Higher Education Research & Development, 37(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2017.1344197 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2017.1344197

Kavitha, K., Joshith, V. P., Rajeev, N. P., & S, A. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Approach. European Journal of Educational Research, 13(3), 1121–1137. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.13.3.1121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.13.3.1121

Kharisma, D. B., Sudirman, S., & Edi, F. (2023). Current Trend of Artificial Intelligence-Augmented Reality in Science Learning: Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(8), 404–410. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i8.4484 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i8.4484

Krishnan, S. (2018). Students’ perceptions of learning mode in mathematics. MOJES: Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(2), 32-41. Retrieved from https://mjlis.um.edu.my/index.php/MOJES/article/download/12647/8139

Kurniawati, A., Pardjono, P., Mutohhari, F., Nurhaji, S., & Purnomo, S. (2022). Improving Self Efficacy and Learning Motivation Through Hybrid Learning Based Google Classroom. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 11(3). https://doi.org/10.23887/jpiundiksha.v11i3.39289 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jpiundiksha.v11i3.39289

Nadrah, N. (2025). Science Laboratory Environment and Students’ Motivation as Predictors on Attitudes Towards Physics Lesson. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(2), 845–854. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i2.9215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i2.9215

Nortvig, A.-M., Petersen, A. K., & Balle, S. H. (2018). A Literature Review of the Factors Influencing E-Learning and Blended Learning in Relation to Learning Outcome, Student Satisfaction and Engagement. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 16(1), 46–55. Retrieved from https://academic-publishing.org/index.php/ejel/article/view/1855

Panahi, A., & Duraisamy, P. (2021). Automated Classroom Engagement Evaluation using Machine Learning for 180 Degree Camera Environment. International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 01–05. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCNT51525.2021.9580041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCNT51525.2021.9580041

Prananta, A. W., Susanto, N., Purwantoro, A., & Fuadah, N. (2023). ChatGPT Artificial Intelligence Integration in Science Learning Media: Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(7), 315–321. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i7.4386 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i7.4386

Raes, A., Detienne, L., Windey, I., & Depaepe, F. (2020). A Systematic Literature Review on Synchronous Hybrid Learning: Gaps Identified. Learning Environments Research, 23(3), 269–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-019-09303-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-019-09303-z

Singh, J., Steele, K., & Singh, L. (2021). Combining the Best of Online and Face-to-Face Learning: Hybrid and Blended Learning Approach for COVID-19, Post Vaccine, & Post-Pandemic World. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 50(2), 140–171. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472395211047865 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00472395211047865

Sudiarta, I. G. P., & Widana, I. W. (2019). Increasing mathematical proficiency and students character: Lesson from the implementation of blended learning in junior high school in Bali. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1317(1), 012118. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1317/1/012118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1317/1/012118

Triyason, T., Tassanaviboon, A., & Kanthamanon, P. (2020). Hybrid Classroom: Designing for the New Normal after COVID-19 Pandemic. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Advances in Information Technology, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1145/3406601.3406635 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3406601.3406635

Zainudin, Hermanto, D., Wijayanti, R., & Hunaepi. (2023). The Effectiveness of the Combination of Problem-Based Learning Models and Hybrid Learning Models to Improve Problem Solving Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(12), 11648–11654. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i12.4740 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i12.4740

Author Biographies

Agus Fajar Hariadi, Universitas Negeri Malang

Author Origin : Indonesia

I Nyoman Sudana Degeng, Universitas Negeri Malang

Author Origin : Indonesia

Punaji Setyosari, Universitas Negeri Malang

Author Origin : Indonesia

Saida Ulfa, Universitas Negeri Malang

Author Origin : Indonesia

Faiqul Faris Alhakim, University of Western Australia

Author Origin : Australia

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

How to Cite

Hariadi, A. F., Degeng, I. N. S., Setyosari, P., Ulfa, S., & Alhakim, F. F. (2025). The Effect of Hybrid Learning Method Assisted by Artificial Intelligence Camera Controller and Student Engagement on Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(9), 777–786. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i9.12034