The Effectiveness of Phyllanthus Niruri, Turmeric, and Javanese Curcuma Herbal Extracts on the Growth, Carcass Percentage, and Abdominal Fat of Broiler Chickens
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.12132Published:
2025-08-25Downloads
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of administering a combination of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri), turmeric (Curcuma longa), and temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) water extract in drinking water on the performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens. A total of 100 days-old broiler chickens (DOC) were used in the study which was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 5 replications, each containing 5 chickens. The treatments consisted of: P0 (control, without extract), P1 (25% meniran: 25% turmeric: 50% temulawak), P2 (25%: 50%: 25%), and P3 (50%: 25%: 25%). The extract was given in drinking water as much as 10 ml/liter from 7 to 35 days of age. The parameters observed included feed consumption, water consumption, daily body weight gain (ADG), feed conversion (FCR), carcass percentage, and abdominal fat. The results showed that the herbal extract treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed consumption, carcass percentage, and abdominal fat, but was not significantly different on water consumption, ADG, and FCR. Treatment P1 showed the best performance, with the highest feed consumption, the highest carcass (72.86%), and the lowest abdominal fat (1.72%). It was concluded that the administration of a combination of meniran, turmeric, and temulawak water extract with a ratio of 25:25:50 significantly increased the growth efficiency and carcass quality of broiler chickens, and could be an alternative safe and effective natural feed additive.
Keywords:
Broiler Curcuma longa Curcuma xanthorrhiza Herbal extract Performance Phyllanthus niruriReferences
Ahmadauli, O., Daneshyar, M., Payvastegan, S., Attar, A., Najafi, G., & Abdollahi, M. R. (2025). Impact of adding wheat and poultry by-product meal to the diet on broiler carcass traits, production performance, and physical pellet quality. Veterinary and Animal Science, 29, 100460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2025.100460
Alem, W. T. (2024). Effect of herbal extracts in animal nutrition as feed additives. Heliyon, 10(3), e24973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24973
Al-Sanjary, A. K., Hamid, S. M., & Ibrahim, A. M. (2023). Effect of Adding Turmeric and Vitamin C in Broiler Diets on some Biochemical and Blood Characteristics. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1158(5), 052015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1158/5/052015
Chen, J.-T., He, P.-G., Jiang, J.-S., Yang, Y.-F., Wang, S.-Y., Pan, C.-H., Zeng, L., He, Y.-F., Chen, Z.-H., Lin, H.-J., & Pan, J.-M. (2023). In vivo prediction of abdominal fat and breast muscle in broiler chicken using live body measurements based on machine learning. Poultry Science, 102(1), 102239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.102239
Cordero, P., Díaz-Avilés, F., Torres, P., Guzmán, M., Niknafs, S., Roura, E., & Guzmán-Pino, S. A. (2023). The Expression of Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Receptors Show an Age-Dependent Pattern Involving Oral Cavity, Jejunum and Lower Gut Sensing in Broiler Chickens. Animals, 13(19), 3120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13193120
Correa, J. A., Faucitano, L., Laforest, J. P., Rivest, J., Marcoux, M., & Gariépy, C. (2006). Effects of slaughter weight on carcass composition and meat quality in pigs of two different growth rates. Meat Science, 72(1), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.06.006
Czerkas, K., Olchowik-Grabarek, E., Łomanowska, M., Abdulladjanova, N., & Sękowski, S. (2024). Antibacterial Activity of Plant Polyphenols Belonging to the Tannins against Streptococcus mutans—Potential against Dental Caries. Molecules, 29(4), 879. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29040879
Dosoky, N. S., & Setzer, W. N. (2018). Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Curcuma Species. Nutrients, 10(9), 1196. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091196
Fuloria, S., Mehta, J., Chandel, A., Sekar, M., Rani, N. N. I. M., Begum, M. Y., Subramaniyan, V., Chidambaram, K., Thangavelu, L., Nordin, R., Wu, Y. S., Sathasivam, K. V., Lum, P. T., Meenakshi, D. U., Kumarasamy, V., Azad, A. K., & Fuloria, N. K. (2022). A Comprehensive Review on the Therapeutic Potential of Curcuma longa Linn. In Relation to its Major Active Constituent Curcumin. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.820806
Hernández-García, P. A., Granados-Rivera, L. D., Orzuna-Orzuna, J. F., Vázquez-Silva, G., Díaz-Galván, C., & Razo-Ortíz, P. B. (2025). Meta-Analysis of Dietary Curcumin Supplementation in Broiler Chickens: Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, Intestinal Morphology, and Meat Quality. Antioxidants, 14(4), 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14040460
Hussein, E. O. S., Ahmed, S. H., Abudabos, A. M., Aljumaah, M. R., Alkhlulaifi, M. M., Nassan, M. A., Suliman, G. M., Naiel, M. A. E., & Swelum, A. A. (2020). Effect of Antibiotic, Phytobiotic and Probiotic Supplementation on Growth, Blood Indices and Intestine Health in Broiler Chicks Challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Animals, 10(3), 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030507
Ibrahim, M., Khan, M., Mishu, I., Jahan, I., & Mustafa, A. (2024). Role of Phyllanthus niruri on the modulation of stress and immune responses in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. PLOS ONE, 19(10), e0309793. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309793
Irwani, N., Zairiful, & Habsari, I. K. (2022). Feed Intake and Feed Conversion Ratio of Broiler Supplemented with Herb Extract. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1012(1), 012069. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1012/1/012069
Jahja, E. J., Yuliana, R., Simanjuntak, W. T., Fitriya, N., Rahmawati, A., & Yulinah, E. (2023). Potency of Origanum vulgare and Andrographis paniculata extracts on growth performance in poultry. Veterinary and Animal Science, 19, 100274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2022.100274
Kalogerakou, T., & Antoniadou, M. (2024). The Role of Dietary Antioxidants, Food Supplements and Functional Foods for Energy Enhancement in Healthcare Professionals. Antioxidants, 13(12), 1508. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13121508
Khandia, R., Pathe, C. S., Vishwakarma, P., Dhama, K., & Munjal, A. (2020). Evaluation of the ameliorative effects of Phyllanthus niruri on the deleterious insecticide imidacloprid in the vital organs of chicken embryos. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 11(4), 495–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2019.03.003
Khattak, F., Galgano, S., Pearson, R., Houdijk, J. G. M., Short, F., & Leigh, A. (2025). Enhancing key broiler welfare indicators, meat quality, and gut microbiome composition using oxygen-enriched drinking water under commercially relevant housing conditions. Poultry Science, 104(10), 105550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105550
Kim, M., & Voy, B. H. (2021). Fighting Fat With Fat: N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Adipose Deposition in Broiler Chickens. Frontiers in Physiology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.755317
Kiramang, K., Hidayat, M. N., Anas, A., Thaha, A. H., Hafsan, & Mappanganro, R. (2019). Effectivity of liquid herbal and supplemented frequency on the body weight percentage of the carcass and abdominal fat of broilers. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 247, 012066. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/247/1/012066
Kumar, H., Bhardwaj, I., Nepovimova, E., Dhanjal, D. S., Shaikh, S. S., Knop, R., Atuahene, D., Shaikh, A. M., & Béla, K. (2025). Revolutionising broiler nutrition: The role of probiotics, fermented products, and paraprobiotics in functional feeds. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 21, 101859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101859
Maharjan, P., Martinez, D. A., Weil, J., Suesuttajit, N., Umberson, C., Mullenix, G., Hilton, K. M., Beitia, A., & Coon, C. N. (2021). Review: Physiological growth trend of current meat broilers and dietary protein and energy management approaches for sustainable broiler production. Animal, 15, 100284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2021.100284
McHugh, N., Pabiou, T., McDermott, K., & Berry, D. P. (2023). Genetic (co)variance components for slaughter traits in a multi-breed sheep population. Animal, 17(8), 100883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2023.100883
Meng, W. S., Zou, Q., Xiao, Y., Ma, W., Zhang, J., Wang, T., & Li, D. (2023). Growth performance and cecal microbiota of broiler chicks as affected by drinking water disinfection and/or herbal extract blend supplementation. Poultry Science, 102(7), 102707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.102707
Mukherjee, S., Chopra, H., Goyal, R., Jin, S., Dong, Z., Das, T., & Bhattacharya, T. (2024). Therapeutic effect of targeted antioxidant natural products. Discover Nano, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-024-04100-x
Murwati, M., Sayuti, N. A., Wahyuni, S., Octa Maulidia, S., Fathonah, R., & Alnadela, J. (2024). Community Empowerment in Making Galactagogue Herbal for Breastfeeding Mothers. International Journal of Community Service Learning, 8(3), 331–343. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijcsl.v8i3.84770
Noetzold, T. L., Chew, J. A., Korver, D. R., Kwakkel, R. P., Star, L., & Zuidhof, M. J. (2025). Effects of metabolizable energy intake and body weight restriction on layer pullets: 2 - Body composition and onset of lay. Poultry Science, 104(1), 104640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104640
Obeidat, M. D., Alkhateeb, M. E. M., Jawasreh, K. I., Riley, D. G., & Al Sukhni, I. A. (2024). Herbal extract dietary supplementation effect on growth performance and meat quality in broiler raised under two stocking densities. Scientific Reports, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68138-8
Obianwuna, U. E., Chang, X., Oleforuh-Okoleh, V. U., Onu, P. N., Zhang, H., Qiu, K., & Wu, S. (2024). Phytobiotics in poultry: Revolutionizing broiler chicken nutrition with plant-derived gut health enhancers. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-024-01101-9
Orimaye, O. E., Ekunseitan, D. A., Omaliko, P. C., & Fasina, Y. O. (2024). Mitigation Potential of Herbal Extracts and Constituent Bioactive Compounds on Salmonella in Meat-Type Poultry. Animals, 14(7), 1087. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14071087
Rodde, C., Chatain, B., Vandeputte, M., Trinh, T. Q., Benzie, J. A. H., & De Verdal, H. (2020). Can individual feed conversion ratio at commercial size be predicted from juvenile performance in individually reared Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus? Aquaculture Reports, 17, 100349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100349
Rohman, A., Wijayanti, T., Windarsih, A., & Riyanto, S. (2020). The Authentication of Java Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) Using Thin Layer Chromatography and 1H-NMR Based-Metabolite Fingerprinting Coupled with Multivariate Analysis. Molecules, 25(17), 3928. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173928
Trivadila, T., Iswantini, D., Rahminiwati, M., Rafi, M., Salsabila, A. P., Sianipar, R. N. R., Indariani, S., & Murni, A. (2025). Herbal Immunostimulants and Their Phytochemicals: Exploring Morinda citrifolia, Echinacea purpurea, and Phyllanthus niruri. Plants, 14(6), 897. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14060897
Urban, J., Kareem, K. Y., Matuszewski, A., Bień, D., Ciborowska, P., Lutostański, K., & Michalczuk, M. (2025). Enhancing broiler chicken health and performance: The impact of phytobiotics on growth, gut microbiota, antioxidants, and immunity. Phytochemistry Reviews, 24(2), 2131–2145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-024-09994-0
Uyanga, V. A., Ejeromedoghene, O., Lambo, M. T., Alowakennu, M., Alli, Y. A., Ere-Richard, A. A., Min, L., Zhao, J., Wang, X., Jiao, H., Onagbesan, O. M., & Lin, H. (2023). Chitosan and chitosan‑based composites as beneficial compounds for animal health: Impact on gastrointestinal functions and biocarrier application. Journal of Functional Foods, 104, 105520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2023.105520
Verhelle, A., & Saremi, B. (2024). An Evaluation of the Arginine Requirements of Broiler Chickens and the Potential Arginine and Energy-Saving Effects of Guanidinoacetic Acid. Animals, 15(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15010004
Wang, Y., Li, J., Xie, Y., Zhang, H., Jin, J., Xiong, L., & Liu, H. (2021). Effects of a probiotic-fermented herbal blend on the growth performance, intestinal flora and immune function of chicks infected with Salmonella pullorum. Poultry Science, 100(7), 101196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101196
Widyani, R., Nilamcaya, M., & Iftitah, D. (2022). The Benefits of Indonesian Spices For Livestock Health As A Legacy of Our Ancestors Local Wisdom. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1020(1), 012032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1020/1/012032
Yoshida, Y., Kawabata, F., Tabata, S., Aggrey, S. E., Rekaya, R., & Liu, H.-X. (2021). Evolvement of taste sensitivity and taste buds in chickens during selective breeding. Poultry Science, 100(6), 101113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101113
Zampiga, M., Calini, F., & Sirri, F. (2021). Importance of feed efficiency for sustainable intensification of chicken meat production: Implications and role for amino acids, feed enzymes and organic trace minerals. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 77(3), 639–659. https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2021.1959277
Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Pan, Y., Shi, K., Mai, P., Li, X., & Shen, S. (2025). Progress on the prevention of poultry Salmonella with natural medicines. Poultry Science, 104(1), 104603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104603
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Puji Astuti, Heru Suripta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
