The Influence of the Problem-Based Learning Model Assisted by Electronic Student Worksheets on the Science Learning Outcomes
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i7.12155Published:
2025-07-31Downloads
Abstract
The problem of this research is the low natural science learning outcomes of elementary school students caused by student-centered learning and the inadequate use of teaching materials. This study aims to determine the effect of the problem-based learning model assisted by electronic student worksheets based on liveworksheet on natural science learning outcomes. This study uses a quantitative approach with a nonequivalent control group design. The research sample consists of fifth-grade students from SD Muhammadiyah 29 Sunggal. Data was collected through pretest and posttest, and analyzed using normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis test through Independent Samples t-test. The results show that the average posttest score of the experimental class was 86.08, higher than the control class at 76.33. The t-test resulted in a significant value of p < 0.001 with a mean difference of -9.747 and a 95% confidence interval (-14.095 to -5.398), indicating a significant difference. Based on the data analysis results, it is stated that the problem-based learning model assisted by electronic student worksheets has an impact on improving the learning outcomes of 5th-grade elementary school students in science learning. These findings support the development of student-centered science education aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum
Keywords:
Electronic student worksheets Problem Based Learning Science Learning OutcomesReferences
Adam, A., Syawal, Z., Djasman, C. H., Akhsan, Sahjad, M., & Juliadarma, M. (2024). Evaluation of The Implementation of Community-Based Independent Curriculum in Madrasah in The City of Tidore Islands. Golden Ratio of Social Science and Education, 4(2), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.52970/grsse.v4i2.832
Adhelacahya, K., Sukarmin, S., & Sarwanto, S. (2023). Impact of Problem-Based Learning Electronics Module Integrated with STEM on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(7), 4869–4878. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i7.3931
Agustina, T. W., Paujiah, E., Lestari, L., Nuryantini, A. Y., Sukmawardani, Y., & Flara, R. L. (2024). Development of PhET-assisted simulation e-worksheet using flipped laboratory approach for science communication skills. JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia), 10(3), 1086–1097. https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v10i3.36162
Aly, M. (2024). Revolutionizing online education: Advanced facial expression recognition for real-time student progress tracking via deep learning model. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 84(13), 12575–12614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-19392-5
Anggraeni, D. M., Prahani, B. K., Suprapto, N., Shofiyah, N., & Jatmiko, B. (2023). Systematic review of problem based learning research in fostering critical thinking skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 49, 101334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101334
Ansya, Y. A., & Salsabilla, T. (2024). Model Pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar. Cahya Ghani Recovery.
Ansya, Y. A., & Salsabilla, T. (2025). Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Canva pada Pembelajaran IPA Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. ISLAMIKA, 7(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.36088/islamika.v7i1.5464
Arikunto. (2017). Pengembangan Instrumen Penelitian dan Penilaian Program. Pustaka Belajar.
Aslan, S. A., & Duruhan, K. (2021). The effect of virtual learning environments designed according to problem-based learning approach to students’ success, problem-solving skills, and motivations. Education and Information Technologies, 26(2), 2253–2283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10354-6
Biswas, U., & Bhattacharya, S. (2024). ML-based intelligent real-time feedback system for blended classroom. Education and Information Technologies, 29(4), 3923–3951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11949-5
Coe, R., Waring, M., Hedges, L. V, & Ashley, L. D. (2025). Research methods and methodologies in education. SAGE Publications Limited.
Daryanto, A. (2025). An Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods for Marketing: Tools and Techniques Using SPSS and R. Routledge.
Defira, R., Huda, A., Anwar, M., & Ambyar, A. (2024). The Impact of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model Assisted by Liveworksheet Media on Critical Thinking Skills of Vocational High School Students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(10), 8238–8245. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.8785
Faaiqoh, N., & Ratnaningrum, I. (2024). Implementation of a Puzzle Educational Game Based on Liveworksheet in Learning Science through the PAIKEM Method for Class VI. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(11), 8352–8358. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i11.8649
Ghaisani, N. R. T., & Setyasto, N. (2023). Development of Liveworksheets-Based Electronic Student Worksheets (E-LKPD) to Improve Science Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(8), 6147–6156. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i8.4571
Ha, H., Chen, Y., & Park, J. (2024). Teacher strategies to support student navigation of uncertainty: Considering the dynamic nature of scientific uncertainty throughout phases of sensemaking. Science Education, 108(3), 890–928. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21857
Hacıeminoğlu, E., Yıldız, N. G., & Şeker, R. (2022). Factors Related to Cognitive Reasoning of Pre-Service Teachers’ Science Process Skills: Role of Experiments at Home on Meaningful Learning. Sustainability, 14(13), 7703. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137703
Hiğde, E., & Aktamış, H. (2022). The effects of STEM activities on students’ STEM career interests, motivation, science process skills, science achievement and views. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 43, 101000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101000
Idris, N., Talib, O., & Razali, F. (2022). Strategies in Mastering Science Process Skills in Science Experiments: A Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 11(1), 155–170. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i1.32969
Kerimbayev, N., Umirzakova, Z., Shadiev, R., & Jotsov, V. (2023). A student-centered approach using modern technologies in distance learning: a systematic review of the literature. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00280-8
Kew, S. N., & Tasir, Z. (2022). Learning Analytics in Online Learning Environment: A Systematic Review on the Focuses and the Types of Student-Related Analytics Data. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 27(2), 405–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-021-09541-2
Kim, N. J., Vicentini, C. R., & Belland, B. R. (2022). Influence of scaffolding on information literacy and argumentation skills in virtual field trips and problem-based learning for scientific problem solving. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 20(2), 215–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-020-10145-y
Manuaba, I. B. A. P., -No, Y., & Wu, C.-C. (2024). Correction: The effectiveness of problem based learning in improving critical thinking, problem-solving and self-directed learning in first-year medical students: A meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 19(5), e0303724. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303724
Mayasari, M., Hamidah, A., & Subagyo, A. (2023). Development of Electronic Student Worksheets (E-LKPD) Assisted by Wizer.Me on Gastropods Sub Material. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(4), 1578–1584. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i4.3453
Novike Bela Sumanik, Lamtiar Ferawaty Siregar, Yenni Pintauli Pasaribu, & Yorinda Buyang. (2023). Literature Study: Liveworksheet as a Science Learning Media Electronic Student Worksheet in The Merdeka Curriculum. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 49(1), 374–382. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v49i1.9828
Nur’ariyani, S., Jumyati, J., Yuliyanti, Y., Nulhakim, L., & Leksono, S. M. (2023). Scientific Approach to Learning Science in Elementary Schools. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(8), 6659–6666. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i8.3680
Rodriguez Sandoval, M. T., Bernal Oviedo, G. M., & Rodriguez-Torres, M. I. (2022). From preconceptions to concept: The basis of a didactic model designed to promote the development of critical thinking. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 3, 100207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2022.100207
Safitri, R., Hadi, S., & Widiasih, W. (2023). Effect of the Problem Based Learning Model on the Students Motivation and Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(9), 7310–7316. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i9.4772
Salim, H. (2019). Penelitian Pendidikan: Metode, Pendekatan, dan Jenis. Kencana.
Smith, K., Maynard, N., Berry, A., Stephenson, T., Spiteri, T., Corrigan, D., Mansfield, J., Ellerton, P., & Smith, T. (2022). Principles of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in STEM Education: Using Expert Wisdom and Research to Frame Educational Practice. Education Sciences, 12(10), 728. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100728
Suaidah, H. L., Susantini, E., & Hariyono, E. (2023). Determining Learning Activities to Promote Scientific Reasoning in Science Learning: A Literature Review. IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 4(3), 271–285. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v4i3.285
Suciati, S., Silvita, S., Prasetyo, O., Fauziah, M. D., Santika, K. D., Norawi, A. M., & Rahman, H. T. (2024). Problem-Based Learning Models: Their Effectiveness in Improving Creative Thinking Skills of Students with Different Academic Skills in Science Learning. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 12(4), 672–683. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v12i4.44752
Sugiyono, S. (2016). Metode penelitian pendidikan : pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. CV. Alfabeta.
Sugiyono, S. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Suryati, L., Ambiyar, & Jalinus, N. (2023). Evaluation of the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum with a Technology-based Learning Model. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 7(3), 438–447. https://doi.org/10.23887/jppp.v7i3.66635
Syafar, S. F., Slamet, A., Susanti, R., & Raharjo, M. (2024). E-Worksheet for Students Using Liveworksheet for Digestive System Material. Jurnal Edutech Undiksha, 12(1), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.23887/jeu.v12i1.73022
Syar, N. I., Sulistyowati, S., Supriatin, A., Maghfirotuna’imah, M., Ningsih, I. W., & Fachrizal, F. (2023). Students’ Electronic Worksheets Based on Local Wisdom Assisted with Liveworksheets for Hybrid Learning. Mimbar Sekolah Dasar, 10(2), 410–428. https://doi.org/10.53400/mimbar-sd.v10i2.51932
Tika Fahmi Afifah, & Junaedi, A. (2024). Liveworksheet-Based E-LKPD and Interest in Learning Improves Science and Social Learning Outcomes for Elementary School Students. Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 8(3), 433–442. https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v8i3.78207
Valladares, L. (2021). Scientific Literacy and Social Transformation. Science & Education, 30(3), 557–587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-021-00205-2
Weng, X., Chiu, T. K. F., & Tsang, C. C. (2022). Promoting student creativity and entrepreneurship through real-world problem-based maker education. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 45, 101046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101046
Yaseen, H., Mohammad, A. S., Ashal, N., Abusaimeh, H., Ali, A., & Sharabati, A.-A. A. (2025). The Impact of Adaptive Learning Technologies, Personalized Feedback, and Interactive AI Tools on Student Engagement: The Moderating Role of Digital Literacy. Sustainability, 17(3), 1133. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031133
Zakiyyah, H., Sutopo, Y., Harianingsih, T., Subali, B., & Widiari, N. (2025). Literature Review: Differentiated E-Worksheets to Boost Primary School Learning Outcomes Between 2020-2025. Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 6(2), 808–821. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v6i2.1216
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Fahrur Rozi, Nirwana Anas, Eka Margareta Sinaga, Yusron Abda’u Ansya

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).






