Analysis of Critical Thinking Skills in Science Learning Through the Implementation of Project Based Learning Model Assisted by Animated Video Media in Elementary School Students
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i9.12683Published:
2025-09-30Downloads
Abstract
This research analyzes elementary school students' critical thinking skills in science learning through Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model assisted by animated video media. Using a qualitative approach, the study was conducted at SDN Garon 01, Balerejo District, Madiun Regency, involving 28 sixth-grade students. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation from 12 primary informants, with analysis following the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model. Results show that PjBL implementation with animated video media effectively develops students' critical thinking abilities in solar system material. Students demonstrated improved performance across six critical thinking aspects: interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation. Most students successfully analyzed astronomical information, evaluated materials for project creation, and synthesized knowledge from multiple sources. Animated video media enhanced learning by increasing student motivation, visualizing abstract astronomical concepts, and stimulating analytical questioning. The PjBL model facilitated learning through authentic problem-solving, collaborative group work, and hands-on experience in creating scientific models. Despite challenges including time constraints and varied student abilities, the integration of PjBL with animated video media significantly improved elementary students' critical thinking skills. These findings support the effectiveness of combining innovative pedagogical approaches with technology to develop higher-order thinking skills in elementary science education.
Keywords:
Animated Video Critical thingking Elementary Science LearningReferences
Abrami, P. C., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Waddington, D. I., Wade, C. A., & Persson, T. (2015). Strategies for teaching students to think critically: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 85(2), 275-314. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654314551063
Afriana, J. (2016). Project-based learning dalam pembelajaran IPA di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 8(2), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPD.082.05
Aloqaili, A. S. (2021). The relationship between critical thinking skills and academic achievement in science education. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 30(4), 578-590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-021-09899-6
Andriani, S., Kesumawati, N., & Kristiawan, M. (2022). Research trends in project-based learning models in facilitating 21st century skills: Systematic literature review. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(2), 425-436. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i2.2544
Anjani, S. (2024). Efektivitas video animasi dalam pembelajaran IPA di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Media Pembelajaran Digital, 8(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.25273/jmpd.v8i1.15234
Arif, M., & Muthoharoh, M. (2021). Hakikat ilmu pengetahuan alam dalam pembelajaran di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 12(2), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPD.122.04
Arsa, I. P. S., Sudarma, I. K., & Diputra, K. S. (2021). Pengembangan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis teknologi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa SD. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 5(2), 156-165. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v5i2.35612
Asrizal, A., Amran, A., Ananda, A., Festiyed, F., & Sumarmin, R. (2022). The influence of project-based complex instruction (CI) collaborative learning models and learning motivation on elementary school students' problem solving skill. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(9), 4844-4853. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i9.8844
Astra, I. M., Nasbey, H., & Nugraha, A. (2020). Pengembangan media pembelajaran video animasi untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep IPA siswa sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika, 8(3), 234-245. https://doi.org/10.24127/jpf.v8i3.3045
Astuti, R., & Suciati, S. (2020). Penggunaan aplikasi pembuat video animasi sederhana untuk pembelajaran IPA berbasis proyek. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 15(2), 145-158. https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v15i2.16789
Astuti, S. (2020). Evaluasi penilaian pembelajaran IPA di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 11(3), 123-135. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPD.113.12
Astuti, S., & Setiawan, D. (2018). Karakteristik pembelajaran IPA berpusat pada siswa di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA, 7(2), 89-96. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v7i2.14258
Azman, F. N., Zaibon, S. B., & Shiratuddin, N. (2016). Digital storytelling tool for education: A review. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 9(1), 451-464. https://doi.org/10.9734/IJAMST/2016/25678
Blumenfeld, P. C., Soloway, E., Marx, R. W., Krajcik, J. S., Guzdial, M., & Palincsar, A. (1991). Motivating project-based learning: Sustaining the doing, supporting the learning. Educational Psychologist, 26(3-4), 369-398. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.1991.9653139
Butler, H. A. (2019). Investigating the effectiveness of critical thinking instruction in undergraduate science courses: A longitudinal study. Journal of College Science Teaching, 48(3), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.2505/4/jcst19_048_03_22
Castro-Alonso, J. C., Ayres, P., & Paas, F. (2019). Animations showing lego-like building procedures: Three potential moderators of effectiveness. Computers & Education, 129, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.10.014
Changwong, K., Sukkamart, A., & Sisan, B. (2018). Critical thinking skill development: Analysis of a new learning management model for Thai high schools. Journal of International Studies, 11(2), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2018/11-2/3
Dewi, P. S., Garminah, N. N., & Pudjawan, K. (2021). Application of problem-based learning model assisted by audio visual to improve critical thinking skills of elementary school children. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(8), 11992-12001. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.11992
Dwyer, C. P., Hogan, M. J., & Stewart, I. (2016). An integrated critical thinking framework for the 21st century. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 12, 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2016.01.004
Dwyer, C. P., Hogan, M. J., & Stewart, I. (2017). Critical thinking competency in higher education: Development and validation of the HEIghten critical thinking assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 42(8), 1184-1199. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2016.1234494
Ennis, R. H. (2011). The nature of critical thinking: An outline of critical thinking dispositions and abilities. Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines, 26(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5840/inquiry20112621
Ennis, R. H. (2018). Critical thinking across the curriculum: A brief edition of critical thinking. Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines, 33(1), 5-23. https://doi.org/10.5840/inquiry2018331
Evi, S., & Indarini, E. (2021). Meta-analisis pengaruh model pembelajaran terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia, 9(1), 121-135. https://doi.org/10.24815/jpsi.v9i1.18456
Faadilah, S. (2020). Pengaruh model pembelajaran project-based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SD. Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 9(4), 412-420. https://doi.org/10.33578/jpfkip.v9i4.7865
Fadillah, A., Nurfadhillah, S., & Ramdhani, S. (2022). Media video animasi dalam pembelajaran IPA untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling, 4(3), 1237-1245. https://doi.org/10.31004/jpdk.v4i3.4567
Firdaus, M., Wilujeng, I., & Kuswanto, H. (2020). Integrasi video animasi dalam pembelajaran project-based learning untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 6(1), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v6i1.31226
Fitria, Y., Hasanah, F. N., & Gistituati, N. (2022). Critical thinking in science learning research trend from 2014-2024: A systematic literature review. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(12), 8892-8903. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i12.8892
Forawi, S. A. (2016). Standard-based science education and critical thinking. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 20, 52-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2016.02.005
Fuad, N. M., Zubaidah, S., Mahanal, S., & Suarsini, E. (2017). Improving junior high schools' critical thinking skills based on test three different models of learning. International Journal of Instruction, 10(1), 101-116. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2017.1017a
Ghazivakili, Z., Norouzi Nia, R., Panahi, F., Karimi, M., Gholsorkhi, H., & Ahmadi, Z. (2018). The role of critical thinking skills and learning styles of university students in their academic performance. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 6(3), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.30476/JAMP.2018.81000.851
Handayani, E. S., Asikin, M., & Isnarto, I. (2021). Improving critical thinking skills of elementary students through project-based learning model. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 7(11), 7503-7512. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7i11.7503
Handayani, R., & Subali, B. (2016). Pengaruh model pembelajaran problem based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan motivasi belajar siswa. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 2(1), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v2i1.10816
Hardianti, R., & Yuberti, Y. (2020). Diferensiasi tugas proyek berdasarkan kemampuan siswa dalam pembelajaran berbasis proyek. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika, 8(2), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.24127/jpf.v8i2.2845
Huda, M. (2021). Pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kritis di era digital. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 13(2), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v13i2.21456
Irfan, M., Kuswanto, H., & Yogihati, C. (2020). Video animasi sebagai media pembelajaran IPA untuk siswa sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains, 8(1), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.17977/um016v8i12020p045
Khoiriah, K., Jalmo, T., & Abdurrahman, A. (2021). Pengaruh model project-based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada pembelajaran IPA. Jurnal Bioterdidik, 9(2), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.23960/jbt.v9i2.23456
King, P. M., & Kitchener, K. S. (2020). The reflective judgment model: Twenty years of research on epistemic cognition. Educational Psychology Review, 32(2), 343-370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09504-2
Lai, E. R. (2011). Critical thinking: A literature review. Pearson's Research Reports, 1(1), 1-49. https://doi.org/10.1037/e518412013-001
Leow, F. T., & Neo, M. (2016). Interactive multimedia learning: Innovating classroom education in a Malaysian university. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 15(2), 99-110. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.89245
Lusidawaty, V., Fitria, Y., Miaz, Y., & Zikri, A. (2020). Karakteristik pembelajaran IPA di sekolah dasar pada abad ke-21. Jurnal Basicedu, 4(3), 612-620. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v4i3.401
Mardiana, N., & Sumiyatun, S. (2021). Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa sekolah dasar dalam pembelajaran IPA. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(4), 2021-2030. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i4.1230
Mayer, R. E., & Moreno, R. (2015). Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. Educational Psychologist, 38(1), 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_6
Mursid, R., Saragih, A. H., & Hartono, R. (2022). Increasing student learning motivation through the use of interactive digital books based on project based learning (PjBL). Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(4), 1669-1678. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i4.1669
Nugraheni, A. S. (2021). Efektivitas penggunaan video animasi dalam pembelajaran IPA di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 6(2), 134-143. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v6i2.4567
Nurhayati, S., Amin, S., & Lukman, H. S. (2023). Project-based learning (PjBL) learning model in science subjects to improve elementary students' critical thinking skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(8), 4776-4785. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i8.4776
Prayogi, S., Yuanita, L., & Wasis, W. (2022). The effect of problem based learning model on students' creative thinking ability. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(1), 1307-1315. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i1.1307
Ramdani, A., Jufri, A. W., Gunawan, G., Fahrurrozi, M., & Yustiqvar, M. (2021). Research based learning: Added value in students' science critical thinking skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 7(2), 1121-1130. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7i2.1121
Suryani, N., Setiawan, A., & Putria, H. (2025). Analysis of android-based science learning media to improve motivation and learning outcomes of elementary school students: A systematic literature review. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(3), 10236-10247. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10236
Tiruneh, D. T., Cock, M. D., Weldeslassie, A. G., Elen, J., & Janssen, R. (2016). Measuring critical thinking in physics: Development and validation of a critical thinking test in electricity and magnetism. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 15(4), 663-682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-016-9723-0
Windiyani, T., Sofyan, D., & Iasha, V. (2022). Using project-based learning model with mind mapping method to increase students' learning motivation. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(6), 2152-2160. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i6.2152
Zhou, Q., Huang, Q., & Tian, H. (2021). Developing students' critical thinking skills through inquiry-based learning in science education. Science Education International, 32(1), 86-92. https://doi.org/10.33828/sei.v32.i1.9
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ririen Dwi Puspitaningrum, Ivayuni Listiani, Hendra Erik Rudyanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
