Vol. 11 No. 9 (2025): September
Open Access
Peer Reviewed

Analysis of Tourist Perceptions of Ecotourism Facilities in Surabaya Mangrove Forest

Authors

Rachmad Kodariawan , Samsul Huda , Sri Tjondro Winarno , Hamidah Hendrarini

DOI:

10.29303/jppipa.v11i9.12751

Published:

2025-10-01

Downloads

Abstract

Mangrove ecotourism has been increasingly developed as both a tourist destination and a conservation medium; however, understanding of visitor perceptions toward available facilities remains limited. This study aims to identify tourist evaluations of mangrove forest ecotourism in Surabaya by examining four dimensions: accessibility, attractions, supporting infrastructure, and additional services. A survey was conducted with 100 respondents at Wonorejo, Medokan, and Gunung Anyar mangrove sites, and the data were analyzed using WarpPLS 8.0 to test the validity and reliability of the instruments. The results indicated that all indicators were consistent, and overall tourist assessments tended to be positive. The main strengths were the well-preserved environment, integration of local culture, and staff hospitality, while entertainment attractions were perceived as less developed. These findings highlight the importance for managers to maintain the existing strengths while improving weaker aspects in order to provide a more comprehensive visitor experience. An integrated enhancement of facilities is considered essential to strengthen visitor satisfaction and improve destination competitiveness. From an academic perspective, this study contributes as a reference for future research on mangrove ecotourism and tourism development studies.

Keywords:

Accessibility Additional Services Attractions Mangrove Forest Ecotourism Facilities Tourist Perceptions WarpPLS 8.0.

References

Abidin, Z., Setiawan, B., Muhaimin, A. W., & Shinta, A. (2021). The role of coastal biodiversity conservation on sustainability and environmental awareness in mangrove ecosystem of southern malang, indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(2), 648–658. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220217

Achmad, F., Prambudia, Y., & Rumanti, A. A. (2023). Improving Tourism Industry Performance through Support System Facilities and Stakeholders: The Role of Environmental Dynamism. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054103

Adriwati, A., Ahmad, A. F., & Karunia, L. (2025). Evaluation of Tourism Village Development Program: Comparative Study of Lebak Regency and Ende Regency Tourism Villages. KnE Social Sciences, 10(15), 226–251. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v10i15.19175

Akram, H., Hussain, S., Mazumdar, P., Chua, K. O., Butt, T. E., & Harikrishna, J. A. (2023). Mangrove Health: A Review of Functions, Threats, and Challenges Associated with Mangrove Management Practices. Forests, 14(9), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14091698

Alves de Medeiros, S., William de Queiroz Barbosa, J., Barbosa Tinoco Luz, A., Mondo, T. S., Sthapit, E., & Garrod, B. (2025). Perceptions of The Quality of Tourist and Visitor Attractions: A Comparative Survey of Tourists and Residents. Tourism Recreation Research, 0(0), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2025.2471099

Angessa, A. T., Lemma, B., Yeshitela, K., & Endrias, M. (2022). Community perceptions towards the impacts of ecotourism development in the central highlands of Ethiopia: the case of Lake Wanchi and its adjacent landscapes. Heliyon, 8(2), e08924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08924

Ariesta, D., Sukotjo, E., & Suleman, N. R. (2020). The effect of attraction, accessibility and facilities on destination images and it’s impact on revisit intention in the marine tourism of the wakatobi regency. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(3), 6605–6613.

Chan, J. K. L., Marzuki, K. M., & Mohtar, T. M. (2021). Local community participation and responsible tourism practices in ecotourism destination: A case of lower kinabatangan, sabah. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313302

Cheman, S. ’ I., Aminulrashid, A. M. L. M., Nasir, N., Abdul Mutalib, A., & Ismail, Z. (2024). Unveiling Visitors’ Delight in Mangrove Point Park As an Ecotourism Spot: an Analysis of Activities and Facilities Satisfaction. Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment, 11(2), 209–232. https://doi.org/10.24191/myse.v12i1.1584

Cheung, G. W., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Lau, R. S., & Wang, L. C. (2024). Reporting reliability, convergent and discriminant validity with structural equation modeling: A review and best-practice recommendations. In Asia Pacific Journal of Management (Vol. 41, Issue 2). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09871-y

Constantin, C. P., Ispas, A., & Candrea, A. N. (2022). Examining the Relationships between Visitors Profile, Satisfaction and Revisit Intentions: Evidence from Romanian Ecotourism Destinations. Land, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/land11020186

Dewi, A. N., & Abidin, Z. (2021). Analysis of the Relationship of Service Quality, Motivation and Destination Image to Destination Loyalty: A Case Study of Wonorejo Mangrove Ecotourism in Surabaya, East Java. Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health, 10(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v10i1.19922

Dewi Aisyah, D., Ristya Aminda, F., Rif’an Khoirul Lisan, A., Septiana Khuzaimah, N., Okta Milandini, D., Aldiyano, A., & Kartika, D. (2025). Tourist Perceptions of Environmental Quality And Tourism In Bendung Lepen, Giwangan, Yogyakarta. SHS Web of Conferences, 212, 04008. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202521204008

Effendi, I., Yoswaty, D., Harahap, I., Jupendri, J., & Andrizal, A. (2022). Mangrove Conservation, Ecotourism, and Development Strategy in Bandar Bakau Dumai, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 13(5), 1443–1452. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.5(61).19

El-Den, S., Schneider, C., Mirzaei, A., & Carter, S. (2020). How to measure a latent construct: Psychometric principles for the development and validation of measurement instruments. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 28(4), 326–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12600

Fakdawer, N. S., Boari, Y., Manginte, S. Y., & Walilo, M. (2023). Strategi Pengembangan Objek Wisata Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kunjungan (Studi pada Objek Wisata Danau Love di Sentani Timur). Realism: Law Review, 1(3), 56–78. https://journal.sabtida.com/index.php/rlr/article/view/24/11

Fink, A. (2013). How to Conduct Surveys A Step-By-Step Guide. Technometrics, 41(1), 83–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1999.10485619

Gezahegn, B., Girma, Z., & Debele, M. (2024). Local Community Attitude towards Forest-Based Ecotourism Development in Arbegona and Nensebo Woredas, Southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Forestry Research, 2024, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4617793

Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109(August 2019), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2020). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

Hartman, S. (2023). Destination governance in times of change: a complex adaptive systems perspective to improve tourism destination development. Journal of Tourism Futures, 9(2), 267–278. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-11-2020-0213

Hlee, S., Lee, H., & Koo, C. (2018). Hospitality and tourism online review research: A systematic analysis and heuristic-systematic model. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041141

Ishtiaq, M. (2019). Book Review Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. English Language Teaching, 12(5), 40. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n5p40

Jamei, E., Chan, M., Chau, H. W., Gaisie, E., & Lättman, K. (2022). Perceived Accessibility and Key Influencing Factors in Transportation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710806

Kadyrbekova, D., Yevloyeva, A., Beikitova, A., Dyussekeyeva, Y., Aktymbayeva, B., Moldagaliyev, A., Issakov, Y., & Dávid, L. D. (2024). Exploring the Tourist Attractiveness of Cultural Sites: the Case of Kazakhstan. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 56(4), 1627–1636. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.56419-1333

Khanyile, S. S., Young, M. E. M., Malema, M. J., & Leach, L. (2024). Service quality dimensions, customer satisfaction and behavioural intentions in recreational hubs: A scoping review. African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences (AJPHES), 30(4), 736–761. https://doi.org/10.37597/ajphes.2024.30.4.12

Khasawneh, F. A., & Khassawneh, E. M. (2024). Performance Assessment via Post-Occupancy Evaluation of an Environmental Education and Ecotourism Center Based on Employees’ Experience. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 12(1), 141–159. https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2024.120112

Kropinova, E. (2021). Transnational and cross-border cooperation for sustainable tourism development in the Baltic sea region. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042111

Lee, T. H., & Jan, F. H. (2018). Ecotourism Behavior of Nature-Based Tourists: An Integrative Framework. Journal of Travel Research, 57(6), 792–810. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517717350

Liu, J., Yuan, L., Li, M., Li, S. J., Sun, Y., & Yuan, J. (2024). Ecological experiential learning and tourists’ pro-environmental behavior intentions: The mediating roles of awe and nature connection. Heliyon, 10(1), e23410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23410

Loang, O. K. (2024). China’s Cultural Tourism: Strategies for Authentic Experiences and Enhanced Visitor Satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Technology Management, May. https://doi.org/10.55057/ijbtm.2024.6.1.47

Mac Donald, S., & Staats, H. (2022). Conservation as Integration: Desire to Belong as Motivation for Environmental Conservation. Society and Natural Resources, 35(1), 75–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2021.2023244

Manalo, G. M. (2023). Mangrove Conservation: Awareness and Attitudes of the Local Community. American Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 1(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajth.v1i1.1748

McLachlin, L. J., Sheffield, E. A., Penland, D. A., Nelson, C. W., & Chavez, D. J. (1994). Accessibility Benchmarks : Interpretive Programs and Services in North Central California. 75–78.

Mohd Dzin, N. H., & Lay, Y. F. (2021). Validity and reliability of adapted self-efficacy scales in malaysian context using pls-sem approach. Education Sciences, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11110676

Murtini, S., Kuspriyanto, & Kurniawati, A. (2018). Mangrove area development strategy wonorejo as ecotourism in surabaya. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 953(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/953/1/012174

Panić, A., Pavlović, D., Knežević, M., Radojević, T., Stanišić, N., & Mandić, D. (2023). The significance of cultural resources in enhancing competitiveness of tourism destinations: TOURCOMSERBIA model. 51–57. https://doi.org/10.46793/icemit23.051p

Parasuraman, A., L. L. Berry, & V. A. Z. (1991). Refinement and Reassessment of the SERVQUAL Scale, Journal of Retailing. 67 (4): 420-450, May 2017, 17.

Pengemanan, S. E., Pengemanan, F. N., & Londa, J. W. (2022). Availability of Facilities in Public Open Spaces to Support Tourism Programs. International Journal Papier Public Review, 3(3), 8–16. https://doi.org/10.47667/ijppr.v3i3.168

Purwanto, A., & Sudargini, Y. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Squation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Analysis for Social and Management Research : A Literature Review. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 2(4), 114–123.

Rachmawati, S., Anggoro, S., & ... (2023). Strategi Prioritas Pengelolaan Berkelanjutan Pada Kawasan Mangrove Gunung Anyar Surabaya. … Seminar Nasional Sains …, 707–724. http://conference.ut.ac.id/index.php/saintek/article/view/2383%0Ahttp://conference.ut.ac.id/index.php/saintek/article/download/2383/797

Rahi, S. (2017). Research Design and Methods: A Systematic Review of Research Paradigms, Sampling Issues and Instruments Development. International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences, 06(02). https://doi.org/10.4172/2162-6359.1000403

Rahman, M. M., & Thill, J. C. (2024). A Comprehensive Survey of the Key Determinants of Electric Vehicle Adoption: Challenges and Opportunities in the Smart City Context. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 15(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15120588

Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Seyfi, S., Rather, R. A., & Hall, C. M. (2022). Investigating the mediating role of visitor satisfaction in the relationship between memorable tourism experiences and behavioral intentions in heritage tourism context. Tourism Review, 77(2), 687–709. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-02-2021-0086

Reyes, K. T. D. L., & Dael, R. J. (2023). Influence of Destination Image and Tourist Satisfaction On Destination Loyalty. British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies, 4(3), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0225

Sahahiri, R. M., Griffin, A. L., & Sun, Q. (2023). Investigating Ecotourism Opportunities Measurements in a Complex Adaptive System: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032678

Sakaria, D., Maat, S. M., & Mohd Matore, M. E. E. (2023). Examining the Optimal Choice of SEM Statistical Software Packages for Sustainable Mathematics Education: A Systematic Review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043209

Saragi, R., Milyardo, B., Lasibey, A. A., & Maria, G. R. A. (2023). Development of Manikin Beach as an Eco-Friendly Tourism Destination in Kupang Regency (Vol. 2023). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-202-6_52

Septiani, P. C., & Wulandari, R. A. (2020). Higiene sanitasi makanan dan penerapan prinsip hazard analysis critical control point ( HACCP ). Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Ligkungan Global, 1(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/https://core.ac.uk/reader/322466940

Shen, Y., Kokkranikal, J., Christensen, C. P., & Morrison, A. M. (2021). Perceived importance of and satisfaction with marina attributes in sailing tourism experiences: A kano model approach. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 35, 100402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100402

Silva, S., Silva, L. F., & Vieira, A. (2023). Protected Areas and Nature-Based Tourism: A 30-Year Bibliometric Review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511698

Singgalen, Y. A., & Manongga, D. (2022). Mangrove-based Ecotourism Sustainability Analysis using NDVI and AHP Approach. IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems), 16(2), 125. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.68986

Sitorus, N. B., Liyushiana, L., & Khairi, N. (2024). Sustainable Tourism Management for Enhanced Tourism Product Quality in the Cultural Village of Dokan. Jurnal Ilmiah Global Education, 5(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.55681/jige.v5i1.2291

Suarabaya, P. kota. (2023). KOTA SURABAYA Executive Summary.

Sugiyono. (2020). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R & D.

Sukran, M. A., Kurniawan, T., Basri, H., & Furqan, A. (2025). Exploring Marine Tourism on Sustainable Development Segment in Indonesia: Spar-4-Slr. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 58(1), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.58121-1406

Sumartono, I., Akbar, A., & Gaol, T. W. L. (2024). Website-Based TIQ Application for Mangrove Tourism Entrance Tickets for Pari City Village. Journal of Information Technology, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, 1(3), 352–360. https://doi.org/10.30596/jitcse

Thang, D. Van, & Khanh, P. N. K. (2025). the Impact of Ecotourism Efficiency on Promoting Sustainable Tourism Development in the North Central Region. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 60(June), 1197–1205. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.602spl17-1493

Titisari, P. W., Elfis, Chahyana, I., Janna, N., Nurdila, H., & Widari, R. S. (2022). Management Strategies of Mangrove Biodiversity and the Role of Sustainable Ecotourism in Achieving Development Goals. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.72243

Tuan, V. A., Van Truong, N., Tetsuo, S., & An, N. N. (2022). Public transport service quality: Policy prioritization strategy in the importance-performance analysis and the three-factor theory frameworks. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 166(October 2021), 118–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.10.006

Wan, Y. K. P. (2024). Accessibility of tourist signage at heritage sites: an application of the universal design principles. Tourism Recreation Research, 49(4), 757–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2022.2106099

Wang, M., Wang, X., Liu, Q., Shen, F., & Jin, J. (2020). A novel multi-dimensional cloud model coupled with connection numbers theory for evaluation of slope stability. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 77, 426–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2019.07.043

Widia Maelanicha, Citra Savitri, & Syifa Pramudita Faddila. (2025). Model Emotional Experience and Memorable Tourism Experience in Formation Word Of Mouth in Forest Tourism Mangrove Cilamaya. International Journal of Economics and Management Research, 4(1), 392–405. https://doi.org/10.55606/ijemr.v4i1.320

Yasir, Y., Firdaus, M., Nurjanah, N., & Salam, N. E. (2021). Environmental communication model through community-based tourism development in overcoming mangrove damage. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 886(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/886/1/012022

Zmnako, S. S. F., & Chalabi, Y. I. (2019). Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Vertigo symptom scale-short form in the central Kurdish dialect. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 17(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-019-1168-z

Author Biographies

Rachmad Kodariawan, National Development University Veteran East Java

Author Origin : Indonesia

Samsul Huda, Doctoral Study Program of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, National Development University Veteran East Java, Surabaya

Author Origin : Indonesia

Sri Tjondro Winarno, National Development University Veteran East Java

Author Origin : Indonesia

Hamidah Hendrarini, National Development University Veteran East Java

Author Origin : Indonesia

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

How to Cite

Kodariawan, R., Samsul Huda, Winarno, S. T., & Hamidah Hendrarini. (2025). Analysis of Tourist Perceptions of Ecotourism Facilities in Surabaya Mangrove Forest. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(9), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i9.12751