The Effect of the Composition of Planting Media and the Concentration of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the Growth and Yield of Bird’s Eye Chili (Capsicum frutescens L.)
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i12.12966Published:
2025-12-25Downloads
Abstract
Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a high-value horticultural commodity, but its productivity is often hampered by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of planting medium composition and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) concentration on the growth and yield of chili pepper. The study was conducted from May to August 2025 at the Kedungrejo Seed Garden, Madiun Regency, using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with two factors: planting medium (soil, soil + compost, soil + manure, and soil + compost + manure) and PGPR concentration (0, 8, 16, and 24 ml/L), each replicated three times. Significant interactions were found between planting medium and PGPR on plant height, number of leaves, and fruit weight. The combination of soil + manure with PGPR at doses of 8 and 16 ml/L produced the highest values for fruit weight (up to 2.99 g) and number of leaves (44). Soil and manure alone also increased root weight and fruit number while accelerating flowering. PGPR at a dose of 16 ml/L significantly increased shoot dry weight and shortened the harvest period. This study demonstrates that combining organic media with PGPR can sustainably increase chili productivity.
Keywords:
Chili pepper Crop Yiel PGPR concentration Planting media compositionReferences
Aini, Z., Junita, D., & Maulidia, V. (2023). Effect of Soaking Seeds with PGPR from Bamboo Root on the Viability and Vigor of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frustescens) Seeds. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21(2), 166–174. Retrieved from http://jurnal.unmuhjember.ac.id/index.php/AGRITROP
Aksarah, A., Arfan, Bangkele, L. I., Zainal, Fahri, & Mukhlis. (2024). Effect of microbial consortium application on growth and yield of Oryza sativa L. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(7), 3569–3577. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i7.7272 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i7.7272
Amanda, Z., Munir, E., & Nurwahyuni, I. (2024). The Ability of Endophytic Bacteria in Phosphate Solubilization and IAA Production on Chili Plant Growth. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(10), 7832–7838. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.8297 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.8297
Arifin, Z., Novitawati, R. A., & Mutiara, F. (2024). Factors Affecting the Income Curly Red Chili Farmers in Bocek Village, Karangploso Sub-District, Malang Regency. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(5), 2871–2877. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i5.6588 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i5.6588
Dhiman, A., Bhardwaj, D., Gaswami, K., Deepika, & Agrawal, G. (2023). Biodegradable Redox Sensitive Chitosan Based Microgels for Potential Agriculture Application. Science Direct, 313(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120893 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120893
Hadi, P., Rachmawatie, S. J., & Masnur, Moh. (2023a). Comparison of Chemical and Biological Control Techniques to Stem Rot Fusarium Spp. On Fig Seedlings (Ficus Carica L.) as an Effort to Substitute Agrochemical Inputs in Environmentally Friendly Control. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(3), 1209–1216. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i3.3034
Hadi, P., Rachmawatie, S. J., & Masnur, Moh. (2023b). Comparison of Chemical and Biological Control Techniques to Stem Rot Fusarium Spp. On Fig Seedlings (Ficus Carica L.) as an Effort to Substitute Agrochemical Inputs in Environmentally Friendly Control. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(3), 1209–1216. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i3.3034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i3.3034
Havlin, J. L. (2014). Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management. In Upper Saddle River (Issue 1, pp. 460–469). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429445552-34 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1081/E-ENRL-120047493
Hawardi, & Yudiawati, E. (2021). Pengaruh Pemberian Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobhacteria (PGPR) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabe (Capsicum annum L). Jurnal Sains Agro, 6(2), 44–54. Retrieved from https://ojs.umb-bungo.ac.id/index.php/saingro/index
Hawari, H., Suwardji, S., & Idris, H. (2021). The Role of Biochar and Combination of Inorganic Fertilizers and Biological Fertilizers in Increasing Yield and Levels of Brix Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in Dry Land. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 7(3), 437–442. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7i3.729 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7i3.729
Herliya, Triani Thamrin, N., & Muhanniah. (2024). Effetiveness of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum frutesscens L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7(2), 1–6. Retrieved from http://jurnal.borneo.ac.id/index.php/j-pen/article/view/5955/3040
Hyder, S., Gondal, A. S., Rizvi, Z. F., Ahmad, R., Alam, M. M., Hannan, A., Ahmed, W., Fatima, N., & Inam-ul-Haq, M. (2020). Characterization of Native Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Their Anti-Oomycete Potential Against Phytophthora Capsici Affecting Chilli Pepper (Capsicum annum L.). Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69410-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69410-3
Iemaaniah, Z. M., Mahrup, M., & Susilowati, L. E. (2023). Root Distribution Pattern of Three Chili Varieties on Vertisol Soil, Central Lombok. Journal of Science and Science Education, 4(2), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.29303/jossed.v4i2.5238 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jossed.v4i2.5238
Ishartati, E., Setyawan, M. T., & Fadjri, I. A. (2022). Effect of Rhizobacteria Promoting Plant Growth (PGPR) on Character of Resulting from Crossing Resiprocal Corn with Purple Waxy Corn with Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.). Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(SpecialIssue), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8ispecialissue.2471 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8iSpecialIssue.2471
Kazerooni, E. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Adhikari, A., Al-Sadi, A. M., Kang, S. M., Kim, L. R., & Lee, I. J. (2021). Rhizospheric Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Protects Capsicum annuum cv. Geumsugangsan from Multiple Abiotic Stresses via Multifarious Plant Growth-Promoting Attributes. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 4–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.669693 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.669693
Kholida, F. T., & Enny, Z. (2015). Potential of Azotobacter as an IAA Hormone Producer. Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS, 4(1), 75–77. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373520.v4i2.14047
Kurniawati, N., Saputri, I. S. P. A., & Rezaldi, F. (2023). Study of Computational Biotechnology (Bioinformatics) on Telang Flower Kombucha (Clitoria Terantea L) as an Immunomodulator to Suppress Immunoglobulin E (IgE) for Allergy Sufferers. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 23(2), 348–354. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i2.4895 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i2.4895
Lingga, P., & Marsono. (2013). Fertilizer Usage Guidelines. Penebar Swadaya.
Listiani, K. (2020). Potensi Pseudomonas fluorescens Sebagai Agen Pupuk Hayati Berbasis Limbah Padat Industri Agar - Agar Dan Tepung Ikan. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
Mahmud, D. F., Bahua, I. M., & Zakaria, F. (2018). Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annum L.) Pada Pemberian PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria). Jurnal Agroteknotropika, 7(1), 9–14. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/JATT/article/view/11758
Meida, N. L., Triani, N., & Dewanti, F. D. (2024). Pengaruh Kombinasi Pupuk Kandang Ayam dan Pupuk NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai Merah Besar (Capsicum annuum L.). Gontor Agrotech Science Journal, 10(2), 120–129. https://doi.org/10.21111/agrotech.v10i2.12414 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21111/agrotech.v10i2.12414
Murti, E. K. C., Hastuti, P. B., & Astuti, Y. T. M. (2024). Pengaruh PGPR dan Kompos Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). Jurnal Agroforerech, 2(1), 29–36. Retrieved from https://jurnal.instiperjogja.ac.id/index.php/JOM/article/view/1056?articlesBySameAuthorPage=4
Novian Zeni, R., Delita, K., & Dewi, K. (2023). Pengaruh Berbagai Media Tanam dan Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). Jurnal Agriwana, 1, 10–21. Retrieved from https://ojs.stipersriwigama.ac.id/index.php/agriwana/article/view/10
Purnamasari, T., Zakaria, F., & Solihin, A. P. (2025). Pengaruh Pupuk Kandang Ayam dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Akar Bambu Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). Jurnal Agroteknotropika, 12(1), 69–78. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/JATT/rt/printerFriendly/21857/0?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Raza, A., Ejaz, S., Saleem, M. S., Hejnak, V., Ahmad, F., Ahmed, M. A. A., Alotaibi, S. S., El-Shehawi, A. M., Alsubeie, M. S., & Zuan, A. T. K. (2021). Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Improve Growth and Yield Related Attributes of Chili Under Low Nitrogen Availability. In Plos One (Vol. 16, Issue 12 December, pp. 1–12). Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261468 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261468
Sajar, S., & Setiawan, A. (2024). Tanggap Hasil Kedelai Terhadap Inokulasi Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen dan Pupuk Kohe Ayam. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi, 78–87. Retrieved from https://jurnal.fmipa.unmul.ac.id/index.php/pbio/article/view/1257/572
Santika, J., Indrawanis, E., & Heriansyah, P. (2023). Multiplication of Dendrobium Sp Orchid Somatic Embries Using In-Vitro Concentrations of MgSO4 and Myo-Inositol in Murashige and Skoog Media. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(10), 8016–8026. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i10.4425 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i10.4425
Shyam, D., & Narzary, D. (2024). Evaluation of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) and Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Growth. Academia Journal of Biology, 46(4), 145–158. https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9023/21763 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9023/21763
Sini, H. N., Barzegar, R., Mashee, S. S., Ghahsare, M. G., Mousavi-Fard, S., & Mozafarian, M. (2024). Effects of Biofertilizer on The Production of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Greenhouse. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 16, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101060 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101060
Sipahutar, R. (2022). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Permintaan Konsumen Cabai Merah Keriting di Pasar Horas Kota Pematangsiantar. JIMTANI (Jurnal Imiah Mahasiswa Pertanian), 2(5), 158–168. Retrieved from http://jurnalmahasiswa.umsu.ac.id/index.php/jimtani
Sumarna, O., & Rushiana, R. A. (2023). PjBL Model with the Context of Making Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) from Bamboo Shoots to Build Students’ Critical Thinking Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(6), 4501–4507. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i6.4285 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i6.4285
Sutedjo, M. M., & Kartasapoetra, A. G. (2010). Introduction to Soil Science and Agriculture. Rineka Cipta.
Tarihoran, M., Barunawati, S. N., & Roviq, D. M. (2019). Pengaruh Pupuk Kotoran Kambing dan Waktu Aplikasi PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 7(7), 1181–1189. Retrieved from https://protan.studentjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/protan/article/view/1164?articlesBySimilarityPage=9
Tong, N., Hanafi, & Djuniarty. (2024). Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Cabai Merah pada Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Organik dan NPK. Jurnal Agroecotech Indonesia, 3(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.59638/jai.v3i01.86
Vauzia, V., Fevria, R., Monica, I. P., Chatri, M., Achyar, A., & Edwin, E. (2023). The Effect of Additional Chili (Capsicum annum) and Sugar on Total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from Sauerkraut. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(SpecialIssue), 1165–1171. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9ispecialissue.4811 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9iSpecialIssue.4811
Vejan, P., Abdullah, R., Khadiran, T., Ismail, S., & Boyce, A. N. (2016). Role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Agricultural Sustainability. Molecules, 21(5), 2–7. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21050573 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21050573
Waskito, H., Nuraini, A., & Rostini, N. (2018). Response of Growth and Yield of Curly Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Ck5 Due to NPK Fertilizer and Biofertilizer. Jurnal Kultivasi, 17(2), 676–681. https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v17i2.17856 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v17i2.17856
Widawati, S., Suliasih, & Saefudin. (2015). Isolasi dan Uji Efektivitas Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria di Lahan Marginal pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr.) var. Wilis. Prossemnas Masybiodiv Indo, 59–65. https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m010109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m010109
Wulandari, A., Nuraini, Y., & Handayanto, E. (2018). The Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the Growth and Production of Chili Plants (Capsicum frutescens L.). Journal of Soil and Land Resources, 5(2), 1039–1048. Journal of Soil and Land Resources, 5(2), 1039–1048.
Zhang, M., Liu, Y., Wei, Q., Gou, J., Liu, L., Gu, X., & Wang, M. (2023). The Co-Application of PGPR and Biochar Enhances the Production Capacity of Continuous Cropping Peppers in the Karst Yellow Soil Region of Southwest China. Journal Horticulturae, 9(10), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9101104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9101104
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Imanda Setyawan, Juli Santoso, Saefurrohman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
