The Effectiveness of an Instructional Video to Enhance Problem-Solving Skills in Elementary Students on Earth Science
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i11.13369Published:
2025-11-25Downloads
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and examine the effectiveness of an interactive experiment-based instructional video on the topic of the Earth’s rotation and revolution to enhance elementary students’ problem-solving skills. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the Four-D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), implemented at SD Negeri Rantau Pangeran, South Sumatra. The research subjects consisted of 30 sixth-grade students. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, expert validation, and pretest–posttest assessments, then analyzed using the Likert scale and N-gain calculation. The validation results showed an excellent level of feasibility across all aspects: material (91.20%), language (95.20%), and media (91.53%). The practicality test obtained an average score of 98% (individual test) and 94% (small group test), indicating that the media was easy to use and understand. The effectiveness test showed a significant improvement in students’ problem-solving abilities, with the average pretest score increasing from 38.16 to 88.33 on the posttest and an N-gain score of 0.81 (high category). Improvements occurred across all problem-solving indicators, including understanding the problem, planning strategies, executing the plan, and evaluating the results. These findings confirm that the interactive experiment-based instructional video is valid, practical, and effective in stimulating students’ critical thinking and problem-solving skills, making it relevant to the 21st-century competency demands.
Keywords:
Earth’s rotation and revolution, Elementary science learning, Interactive instructional video, Problem-solving, Research and developmentReferences
Alam, A., Astuti, I., & Suratman, D. (2022). Development of Web Programming Interactive Learning Multimedia in Vocational Middle School. JTP - Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 24(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v24i1.24242
Asilestari, P., Henjilito, R., & Hardi, V. A. (2025). Enhancing Reading Comprehension through Visual Information: A Longitudinal Study in Higher Education. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 17(2), 2415–2434. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v17i2.7490
Bahosin Sihombing, Zamsiswaya, & Sawaluddin. (2024). Model Pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate) dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Islam. Journal of Islamic Education El Madani, 4(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.55438/jiee.v4i1.135
Chalkiadaki, A. (2018). A systematic literature review of 21st century skills and competencies in primary education. International Journal of Instruction, 11(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.1131a
Chen, D. (2023). Toward an understanding of 21st-century skills: From a systematic review. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 23(2), 275–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-021-09511-1
Diana, L., Mauludin, I., & Putri, H. R. (2025). The Development of Learning Video Using Prezi Application on Photosynthesis Material to Improve Learning Motivation for 11 th Grade Students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(8), 910-916. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.11862
Elkington, S., & Chesterton, P. (2025). Embedding assessment flexibilities for future authentic learning. Teaching in Higher Education, 30(3), 700–716. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2024.2394605
Faizin, A., Susantini, E., & Raharjo, R. (2024). Application of A Guided Inquiry Learning Model to Improve Students’ Scientific Literacy Skills. IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 5(2), 490–503. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v5i2.573
Ješková, Z., Lukáč, S., Šnajder, Ľ., Guniš, J., Klein, D., & Kireš, M. (2022). Active Learning in STEM Education with Regard to the Development of Inquiry Skills. Education Sciences, 12(10), 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100686
Jufrida, Furqon, M., Dani, R., Falah, H. S., & Alfaizi, M. H. (2024). Development of Interactive Science Learning Video Based on Ethnoedutour in Muaro Jambi Temple Area. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(11), 8519–8530. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i11.9236
Kadek Yudik Ariawan, Suartama, I. K., & Ndara Tanggu Renda. (2023). Video Animasi Rotasi Bumi dan Akibatnya Berbasis Powtoon. Jurnal Media Dan Teknologi Pendidikan, 3(1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.23887/jmt.v3i1.52070
Kaitera, S., & Harmoinen, S. (2022). Developing mathematical problem-solving skills in primary school by using visual representations on heuristics. Lumat, 10(2), 111–146. https://doi.org/10.31129/LUMAT.10.2.1696
Kandemir, M. A., & Apaydin, Z. (2022). Analysis of Primary School Students’ Knowledge Structures Regarding the Movements of the Earth According to Conceptual Change Theories. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 51(2), 825–869. https://doi.org/10.14812/cufej.934087
Kim, L., Jitpakdee, R., Praditsilp, W., & Issayeva, G. (2025). Does technological innovation matter to smart classroom adoption? Implications of technology readiness and ease of use. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 11(1), 100448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100448
Koksal, E. A., & Berberoglu, G. (2014). The Effect of Guided-Inquiry Instruction on 6th Grade Turkish Students’ Achievement, Science Process Skills, and Attitudes Toward Science. International Journal of Science Education, 36(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2012.721942
Krüger, J. M., & Bodemer, D. (2022). Application and Investigation of Multimedia Design Principles in Augmented Reality Learning Environments. Information (Switzerland), 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/info13020074
Liu, Y., & Pásztor, A. (2022). Effects of problem-based learning instructional intervention on critical thinking in higher education: A meta-analysis. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 45(June). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101069
Loyens, S. M. M., Van Meerten, J. E., Schaap, L., & Wijnia, L. (2023). Situating Higher-Order, Critical, and Critical-Analytic Thinking in Problem- and Project-Based Learning Environments: A Systematic Review. Educational Psychology Review, 35(2), 39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09757-x
Manulang, W., Haifaturrahmah, Linda Sekar Utami, Syaharuddin, & Siti Ala. (2024). The Audio-Visual Media on Cognitive Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 7(4), 641–648. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v7i4.61138
Meltzer, L. J., Solomon, B., Fenton, T., & Levine, M. D. (1989). A developmental study of problem-solving strategies in children with and without learning difficulties. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 10(2), 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/0193-3973(89)90003-8
Nagy, J. T. (2018). Evaluation of online video usage and learning satisfaction: An extension of the technology acceptance model. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19(1), 160–185. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v19i1.2886
Novitasari, D., Ansori, I., & Widagdo, A. (2023). Effectiveness of a Problem-Based Learning Model with Quizizz Learning Media on Science Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(SpecialIssue), 1179–1185. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9iSpecialIssue.6329
Rahayu, D., Sunaengsih, C., & Sujana, A. (2025). Pengaruh Pembelajaran Kontekstual Berbantuan Media Video Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Kelas Vi Pada Materi Rotasi Bumi. EDUPROXIMA : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan IPA, 7(3), 1499–1508. https://doi.org/10.29100/.v7i3.7372
Rahayu, P., Marmoah, S., & Budiharto, T. (2024). Analisis penerapan prinsip Mayer pada multimedia digital dalam pembelajaran matematika di kelas iv sekolah dasar. Didaktika Dwija Indria, 12(5), 353–361. Retrieved from https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/JDDI/article/view/90998
Riyanti, A., Ismunandar, A., Pramono, S. A., Hendratni, T. W., Syafrullah, H., & Arsyad, M. (2025). Analysis Of The Effect Of Perceived Usefulness, Trust And Digital Capability On Technology Adoption In The Learning Process: Penelitian. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dan Riset Pendidikan, 4(1), 6727–6732. https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i1.2865
Sofia, L. E., Anggoro, S., & Firmasyah, J. (2024). Effect Of Problem-Based Learning Supported By Media Edukatıf On İmproving Students’ Understanding And Solving Matter Problems Of Rotation And Revolution Of The Earth. Jurnal Elementaria Edukasia, 7(4), 3421–3432. https://doi.org/10.31949/jee.v7i4.11601
Sprenger, D. A., & Schwaninger, A. (2021). Technology acceptance of four digital learning technologies (classroom response system, classroom chat, e-lectures, and mobile virtual reality) after three months’ usage. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00243-4
Sprenger, D. A., & Schwaninger, A. (2023). Video demonstrations can predict the intention to use digital learning technologies. British Journal of Educational Technology, 54(4), 857–877. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13298
Sümer, M., & Vaněček, D. (2025). A systematic review of virtual and augmented realities in higher education: Trends and issues. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 62(3), 811–822. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2024.2382854
Suseelan, M., Chew, C. M., & Chin, H. (2022). Research on Mathematics Problem Solving in Elementary Education Conducted from 1969 to 2021: A Bibliometric Review. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 10(4), 1003–1029. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.2198
Susiloningsih, E., Fathurohman, A., Maharani, S. D., Fathurohman, M. F., Suratmi, & Nurani, D. C. (2025). Integration of STEM Approach in Science Education: Enhancing Students’ Critical Thinking, Creativity, and Engagement in Elementary Schools in Palembang. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(4), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i4.10615
Van Hooijdonk, M., Mainhard, T., Kroesbergen, E. H., & Van Tartwijk, J. (2023). Creative problem solving in primary school students. Learning and Instruction, 88(April), 101823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2023.101823
van Laar, E., van Deursen, A. J. A. M., van Dijk, J. A. G. M., & de Haan, J. (2020). Determinants of 21st-Century Skills and 21st-Century Digital Skills for Workers: A Systematic Literature Review. SAGE Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900176
Ventura-León, J., Lino-Cruz, C., Tocto-Muñoz, S., Sánchez-Villena, A., & Gamboa-Melgar, G. (2025). Problem-solving: Development and validation of a short instrument for higher education. Frontiers in Education, 10(May). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1555167
Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. P. (2012). A comparative analysis of international frameworks for 21 st century competences: Implications for national curriculum policies. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 44(3), 299–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2012.668938
Wedaswari, N. M. N., & Tegeh, I. M. (2023). Science Learning Videos Based on Contextual Approaches for Grade V Elementary Schools. International Journal of Elementary Education, 7(3), 524–534. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v7i3.61768
Widiana, I. W., Triyono, S., Sudirtha, I. G., Adijaya, M. A., & Wulandari, I. G. A. A. M. (2023). Bloom’s revised taxonomy-oriented learning activity to improve reading interest and creative thinking skills. Cogent Education, 10(2), 2221482. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2221482
Widyawati, F., & Kamaludin, A. (2024). Development of Powtoon Animation Video on Colligative Properties of Contextually Charged Solutions to Increase Student Learning Motivation. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(12), 10329–10340. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i12.9360
Wijnia, L., Noordzij, G., Arends, L. R., Rikers, R. M. J. P., & Loyens, S. M. M. (2024). The Effects of Problem-Based, Project-Based, and Case-Based Learning on Students’ Motivation: A Meta-Analysis. In Educational Psychology Review (Vol. 36, Issue 1). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09864-3
Zviel-Girshin, R., & Rosenberg, N. (2025). Enhancing Early STEM Engagement: The Impact of Inquiry-Based Robotics Projects on First-Grade Students’ Problem-Solving Self-Efficacy and Collaborative Attitudes. Education Sciences, 15(10), 1404. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15101404
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Zurmanely, Ketang Wiyono, Ermayanti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
