Secretory Structure and Histochemistry of Leaf of Medicinal Plant Arcangelisia Flava
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i4.13773Published:
2026-05-04Downloads
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the tissue-level localization of major secondary metabolites and to describe the secretory structures of Arcangelisia flava leaves. Fresh transverse and paradermal hand sections of mature leaves were subjected to histochemical tests for flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids, and lipophilic compounds. Flavonoids were predominantly localized in the epidermis, mainly in the form of flavones, while flavanones were specifically detected in guard cells. Phenolic compounds were abundant in both epidermal and mesophyll tissues. Alkaloids were mainly localized in idioblasts in both the epidermis and mesophyll and were present in trichomes. Idioblasts in the epidermis and mesophyll were likewise sites of terpenoid accumulation, while essential oils were restricted to the epidermis. Lipophilic compounds were concentrated in epidermal idioblasts and were particularly abundant in the cuticle. Laticifers were also involved in the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Glandular hydathode trichomes accumulated flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and lipophilic compounds, contrasting with previous reports of non-glandular trichomes in this species. These findings provide the first detailed histochemical characterization of A. flava leaves and highlight key secretory features relevant to its defensive and medicinal functions.
Keywords:
Flavonoids Idioblast Laticifer Secondary metabolites TrichomeReferences
Agati, G., Azzarello, E., Pollastri, S., & Tattini, M. (2012). Flavonoids as antioxidants in plants: location and functional significance. Plant Science, 196, 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.07.014
Ajayi, G. O., Kadiri, A. B., & Ibiloye, A. E. (2015). Pharmacognostic characteristics of the West African Jateorhiza macrantha (Hook. f.) Exell & Mendonça (Menispermaceae. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 7(5), 1001–1006. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/r9uVz
Boix, Y. F., Victório, C. P., Defaveri, A. C. A., Arruda, R. D. D. O., & Sato, A. (2011). Glandular trichomes of Rosmarinus officinalis L.: Anatomical and phytochemical analyses of leaf volatiles. Plant Biosystems, 145(4), 848–856. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2011.584075
Bourdon, M., Gaynord, J., Müller, K. H., Evans, G., Wallis, S., Aston, P., Spring, D. R., & Wightman, R. (2021). Microscopy and chemical analyses reveal flavone-based woolly fibres extrude from micron-sized holes in glandular trichomes of Dionysia tapetodes. BMC Plant Biology, 21(1), 258. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03010-9
Cheng, Q., Li, F., Yan, X., He, J., Zhang, H., Wang, C., & Li, Z. (2021). Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the genus Arcangelisia: A mini review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 14(10), 103346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103346
Demarco, D. (2017). Histochemical analysis of plant secretory structures. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1560, 313–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_24
Diliarosta, S., Sudarmin, E., A., D., D., O., B., & Ramadhani, R. (2021). Reconstruction and scientific explanation of Akar Kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr.) from West Sumatra as ethnomedicine and source of science learning. Pharmacognosy Journal, 13(1), 206–211. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/Cswn6
Falcone Ferreyra, M. L., Serra, P., & Casati, P. (2021). Recent advances on the roles of flavonoids as plant protective molecules after UV and high light exposure. Physiologia Plantarum, 173(3), 736–749. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13463
Forman, L. L. (1984). Menispermaceae. Flora Malesiana - Ser 1, Spermatophyta. Flora Malesiana-Series 1, Spermatophyta, 10(1), 157–253. Retrieved from https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/532690
Franceschi, V. R., & Nakata, P. A. (2005). Calcium oxalate in plants: Formation and function. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 56, 41–71. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144106
Guedes, J. G., Ribeiro, R., Carqueijeiro, I., Guimarães, A. L., Bispo, C., Archer, J., Azevedo, H., Fonseca, N. A., & Sottomayor, M. (2023). The leaf idioblastome of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus is associated with stress resistance and alkaloid metabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany, 75(1), 274–299. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erad374
Guerin, H. P., Delaveau, P. G., & Paris, R. R. (1971). Localisations histochimiques. II: Procédés simples de localisation de pigments flavoniques: Application à quelques phanérogames. Bulletin de La Société Botanique de France, 118(1–2), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1971.10838874
Hendra, R., Agustha, A., Frimayanti, N., Abdulah, R., & Teruna, H. Y. (2024). Antifungal potential of secondary metabolites derived from Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.: An analysis of in silico enzymatic inhibition and in vitro efficacy against Candida species. Molecules, 29(10), 2373. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102373
Heryani, H., & Nugroho, A. (2015). Study of yellow root (Arcangelisia flava Merr) as a natural food additive with antimicrobial and acidity-stabilizing effects in the production process of palm sugar. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 23, 346–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.01.050
Hilmi, M., Hamim, H., Sulistyaningsih, Y. C., & Taufikurahman. (2018). Growth, histochemical and physiological responses of non-edible oil producing plant (Reutealis trisperma) to gold mine tailings. Biodiversitas, 19(4), 1294–1302. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190416
Kabbashi, A. S., Sattar, M. A., Aamer, M., Siddiqui, N. N., Kamran, M., Fayaz, A., Jahan, H., Khan, F.-A., & Wang, Y. (2024). Clerodane furanoditerpenoids from Tinospora bakis (A. Rich.) Miers (Menispermaceae. Molecules, 29(1), 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010154
Kaczmarek, B. (2020). Tannic Acid with Antiviral and Antibacterial Activity as A Promising Component of Biomaterials—A Minireview. Materials, 13(14), 3224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143224
Kamilah, S. N., Andriyani, E. F. S., Putri, D. A., Astuti, S., Manaf, S., & Saputra, H. M. (2022). Efektivitas ekstrak batang Arcangelisia flava Merr. sebagai afrodisiaka pada mencit jantan dan betina. BIOEDUSAINS, 5(1), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.31539/bioedusains.v5i1.2426
Kromer, K., Kreitschitz, A., Kleinteich, T., Gorb, S. N., & Szumny, A. (2016). Oil secretory system in vegetative organs of three Arnica taxa: essential oil synthesis, distribution and accumulation. Plant and Cell Physiology, 57(5), 1020–1037. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcw040
Long, J., Song, J., Zhong, L., Liao, Y., Liu, L., & Li, X. (2019). Palmatine: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Biochimie, 162, 176–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2019.04.008
Lv, C., Li, Y., Liang, R., Huang, W., Xiao, Y., Ma, X., Wang, Y., Zou, H., Qin, F., Sun, C., Li, T., & Zhang, J. (2023). Characterization of tangeretin as an activator of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element pathway in HEK293T cells. Current Research in Food Science, 6, 100459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2022.100459
Mandia, E. H., Ridsdale, C. E., Horsten, S. F. A. J., & Aguinaldo, A. M. (1999). Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr Plant Resources of South-East Asia. In L. S. Padua, N. Bunyapraphatsara, & R. H. M. H. Lemmens (Eds.), Medicinal and Poisonous Plants 1. Backhuys Publishers. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/mGY4Z
McLachlan, D. H., Lan, J., Geilfus, C. M., Dodd, A. N., Larson, T., Baker, A., Hõrak, H., Kollist, H., He, Z., Graham, I., Mickelbart, M. V, & Hetherington, A. M. (2016). The Breakdown of Stored Triacylglycerols Is Required during Light-Induced Stomatal Opening. Current Biology : CB, 26(5), 707–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.019
Meenu, M. T., & Radhakrishnan, K. V. (2020). Menispermaceae family of plants and its action against infectious diseases: A review. Mapana Journal of Sciences, 19(2), 33–71. https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.53.4
Mutiah, R., Kirana, F. O., Annisa, R., Rahmawati, A., & Sandra, F. (2020). Extract of yellow root (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.) from several regions in kalimantan: alkaloid content and cytotoxicity towards widr colorectal cancer cells. Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention, 11(2), 84–89. https://doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev11iss2pp84-89
Pratama, R. R., Sholikhah, I., Sahu, R. K., & Widyowati, R. (2023). Phytochemical compounds identification from 70% ethanol extract of Arcangelesia flava (L.) Merr stems using LC-MS/MS and in-silico molecular docking approach as inhibitor interleukin-1β. Pharmacognosy Journal, 15(4), 528–534. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2023.15.114
Ribeiro, M., Amaral, F. M., Anholeti, M. C., Junior, E. C. B., Valverde, A. L., Tamaio, N., & Alvarenga, J. M. (2022). Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Activity, Flavonoids Content and Leaf Anatomy of Odontocarya vitis (Menispermaceae). Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC132.128
Rupa, D., Sulistyaningsih, Y., & Ratnadewi, D. D. (2017). Identification of secretory structure, histochemistry and phytochemical compounds of medicinal plant Hyptis capitata Jacq. BIOTROPIA, 24(2), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2017.24.2.499
Santoso, T. I., Miftahudin, M., Sulistyaningsih, Y. C., & Wiyono, S. (2017). Analysis of Secondary Metabolites as Potential Phytoalexins, Their Secretion Sites and Proposed Resistance Markers to Vascular Streak Dieback in Theobroma cacao L. Pelita Perkebunan, 33(1), 10–23. Retrieved from https://www.ccrjournal.com/index.php/ccrj/article/view/250
Tavita, G. E., Lestari, D., Linda, R., Apindiati, R. K., & Rafdinal, R. (2022). Phytochemical testing and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity on ethanol extract of akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava L) stems from West Kalimantan. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 22(4), 1334–1339. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i4.4431
Wahyudi, L. D., Ratnadewi, A. A. I., & Siswoyo, T. A. (2016). Potential antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of kayu kuning (Arcangelisia flava. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 9, 396–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.155
Xi, K.-Y., Xiong, S.-J., Li, G., Guo, C.-Q., Zhou, J., Ma, J.-W., Yin, J.-L., Liu, Y.-Q., & Zhu, Y.-X. (2022). Antifungal activity of ginger rhizome extract against Fusarium solani. Horticulturae, 8(11), 983. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8110983
Xie, Y., Yang, W., Tang, F., Chen, X., & Ren, L. (2015). Antibacterial activities of flavonoids: structure-activity relationship and mechanism. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 22(1), 132–149. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140916113443
Yang, J., Chen, Y. Z., Yu-Xuan, W., Tao, L., Zhang, Y. D., Wang, S. R., Zhang, G. C., & Zhang, J. (2021). Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of vanillin on gray mold and black rot of cherry tomatoes. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 175, 104859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104859
Zhang, Y., Wang, D., Li, H., Bai, H., Sun, M., & Shi, L. (2023). Formation mechanism of glandular trichomes involved in the synthesis and storage of terpenoids in lavender. BMC Plant Biology, 23(1), 307. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-023-04275-y
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yohana Caecilia Sulistyaningsih, Devi Rahmawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
