Enhancing Primary Pupils’ Reading Interest through Illustrated Science Storybooks: A Sequential Explanatory Study
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i12.13963Published:
2025-12-25Downloads
Abstract
This study examined the effectiveness of illustrated science storybooks in enhancing primary pupils’ reading interest within the Indonesian educational context. Responding to global concerns regarding declining reading motivation among young learners, the research explored how multimodal storybooks that integrate visual, narrative, and scientific elements may foster both cognitive engagement and emotional enjoyment. A Sequential Explanatory Mixed-Methods approach was applied with 17 third-grade pupils in Bali. The quantitative results demonstrated a substantial and statistically significant improvement in reading interest, with the mean score increasing from 51.10 to 78.40 (p < .001), indicating consistent gains across all motivational dimensions. Qualitative findings supported these results, revealing heightened curiosity, sustained emotional and cognitive engagement, and increased persistence in independent reading. Collectively, the findings suggest that illustrated science storybooks not only enhance motivation but also stimulate deeper engagement with science-related texts. The study contributes to theoretical understandings of Multimodal Learning and Self-Determination Theory and offers practical guidance for integrating illustrated storybooks into literacy and science instruction to promote scientific curiosity and sustained reading habits among primary pupils.
Keywords:
Illustrated Science Storybooks Mixed-methods research Primary education Reading InterestReferences
Afifah, S, Mudzakir, A, Nandiyanto, ABD, Ragadhita, R, Maryanti, R, Al Husaeni, DF, Al Husaeni, DN, & Fiandini, M. (2023). Sustainability literacy to vocational students through distance learning with experimental demonstration: Ionic liquid experiment and its application as fire retardant. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 15(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2023.15.01.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2023.15.01.006
Alpiyah, A, Ambarita, A, & Pargito, P. (2021). The development of environment-based picture storybooks to increase the fourth grade students’ reading interest. International Journal of Educational Studies in Social Sciences, 1(3), 118–120. https://doi.org/10.53402/ijesss.v1i3.24 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53402/ijesss.v1i3.24
Anitha, DM, & Kavitha, DM. (2020). Online coding event as a formative assessment tool in introductory programming and algorithmic courses—An exploration study. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 28(6), 1580–1590. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22330 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22330
Arifin, B, Saputra, SY, Muzakki, A, Setiawan, E, & Jumareng, H. (2022). Increase students’ self-confidence and reduce anxiety during Covid-19: Is coping strategy becomes the solution? Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(5), 4171–4180. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i5.2456 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i5.2456
Azizah, IN, & Maharani, A. (2025). Analysis of reading interest through picture storybooks in grade III students at SDN Pangrango. Deiksis: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 12(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.33603/dj.v12i1.10258 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33603/dj.v12i1.10258
Cheung, WM, Lam, JWI, Au, DWH, So, WWY, Huang, Y, & Tsang, HWH. (2017). Explaining student and home variance of Chinese reading achievement of the PIRLS 2011 Hong Kong. Psychology in the Schools, 54(9), 889–904. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22041
Chiu, SI, Hong, FY, & Hu, H. (2015). The effects of family cultural capital and reading motivation on reading behaviour in elementary school students. School Psychology International, 36(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034314528488 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034314528488
Clark, JM, & Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory and education. Educational Psychology Review, 3(3), 149–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01320076 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01320076
Dewani, HW, Sukartiningsih, W, Hendratno, H, & Suryanti, S. (2025). Exploring reading interest and reading literacy of Indonesian language in elementary school students: A correlation study. International Journal of Language Education, 8(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v8i4.70003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v8i4.70003
Du, S, Sanmugam, M, & Mohd Barkhaya, NM. (2024). The impact of augmented reality storybooks on children’s reading comprehension and motivation. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 18(24), 100–114. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v18i24.50793 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v18i24.50793
Fadlina, F, & Ritonga, S. (2021). The implementation of STEM-based discovery learning model in motion systems concept to improve learning outcomes. Asian Journal of Science Education, 3(2), 120–125. https://doi.org/10.24815/ajse.v3i2.19724 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24815/ajse.v3i2.19724
Fraenkel, JR, & Wallen, NE. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Ghalebandi, SG, & Noorhidawati, A. (2019). Engaging children with pleasure reading: The e-reading experience. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 56(8), 1213–1237. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633117738716 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633117738716
Ghods, AA, Ebadi, A, Sharif Nia, H, Allen, K, & Ali-Abadi, T. (2023). Academic burnout in nursing students: An explanatory sequential design. Nursing Open, 10(2), 535–543. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1319 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1319
Gunn, R, Watkins, SL, Boston, D, Rosales, AG, Massimino, S, Navale, S, Fitzpatrick, SL, Dickerson, J, Gold, R, Lee, G, & McMullen, CK. (2024). Evaluation of a remote patient monitoring programme during the COVID-19 pandemic: Retrospective case study with a mixed methods explanatory sequential design. JMIR Formative Research, 8, e55732. https://doi.org/10.2196/55732 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/55732
Hanafi, HF, Wong, KT, Muhamad Adnan, MH, Selamat, AZ, Zainuddin, NA, & Abdullah, MFNL. (2021). Utilizing animal characters of a mobile augmented reality (AR) reading kit to improve preschoolers’ reading skills, motivation, and self-learning: An initial study. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 15(24), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i24.26673 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i24.26673
Hong, H, & Lee, Y. (2023). Computer-supported knowledge building to enhance reading motivation and comprehension. British Journal of Educational Technology, 54(1), 375–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13248
Irsyada, F, Dania, R, & Suparmi. (2024). The implementation of interactive reading in teaching reading comprehension at twelfth-grade students of senior high school level. English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal, 7(3), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v7i3.2037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v7i3.2037
Ivankova, NV, Creswell, JW, & Stick, SL. (2006). Using mixed-methods sequential explanatory design: From theory to practice. Field Methods, 18(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05282260 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05282260
Jalel, JA, Zaini, SH, & Idris, N. (2023). Digital storytelling video analysis for improving digital material reading practices (NILAM): A case study. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 23(17), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i17.6533 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i17.6533
Jiang, Y, Clarke-Midura, J, Baker, RS, Paquette, L, & Keller, B. (2018). How immersive virtual environments foster self-regulated learning. In Y. Baek (Ed.), Game-based learning (pp. 28–54). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3940-7.ch002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3940-7.ch002
Latifah, N, Fahrurrozi, F, Zulela, M, Sumantri, M, & Setiawan, B. (2023). Elementary school teachers’ perceptions of Indonesian elementary school textbooks: A case study. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 23(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i1.5782 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i1.5782
Li, X, & Chu, SKW. (2021). Exploring the effects of gamification pedagogy on children’s reading: A mixed-method study on academic performance, reading-related mentality and behaviours, and sustainability. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(1), 160–178. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13057
Lu, M, & Hu, Z. (2025). Leveraging multimodal information for web front-end development instruction: Analysing effects on cognitive behaviour, interaction, and persistent learning. Information, 16(9), 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16090734 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/info16090734
Mak, MTF, Wang, M, & Chu, KWS. (2019). Effects of a gamified learning platform on elementary school students’ flow experiences in leisure reading. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 56(1), 454–458. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.75 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.75
Maleku, A, Kim, YK, Kagotho, N, & Lim, Y. (2021). Expanding the transformative explanatory sequential mixed methods design archetype in a cross-cultural context: The polemics of African refugee livelihoods in places of resettlement. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 15(2), 212–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689820936378 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689820936378
Marhamah, M. (2022). Development of picture story book learning media to increase elementary school students’ interest in reading English. Qalamuna: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Agama, 14(2), 821–830. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v14i2.3680 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v14i2.3680
Maryani, I, Fitriani, IN, & Sulisworo, D. (2019). The science encyclopaedia based on characters to improve the natural science concepts understanding in elementary school students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1318(1), 012016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1318/1/012016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1318/1/012016
Mosher, DM, Burkhauser, MA, & Kim, JS. (2024). Improving second-grade reading comprehension through a sustained content literacy intervention: A mixed-methods study examining the mediating role of domain-specific vocabulary. Journal of Educational Psychology, 116(4), 550–568. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000868 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000868
Nurmi, JE, & Aunola, K. (2005). Task-motivation during the first school years: A person-oriented approach to longitudinal data. Learning and Instruction, 15(2), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2005.04.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2005.04.009
Özaydın, S, & Siyez, DM. (2024). Narrative based online career group counselling programme: An explanatory sequential design. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-024-09672-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-024-09672-9
Pramesti, M, & Cahyaningtyas, AP. (2025). The effect of the illustrated storybook-assisted literacy approach on students’ reading comprehension ability in grade V. Edunesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 6(3), 1448–1463. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v6i3.1316 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v6i3.1316
Putri, IBK, & Wulandari, F. (2022). Scientific literacy skill through digital media professional PDF flip-based book in elementary school. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(5), 2266–2271. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i5.2181 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i5.2181
Ratminingsih, NM, Budasi, IG, & Kurnia, WDA. (2020). Local culture-based storybook and its effect on reading competence. International Journal of Instruction, 13(2), 253–268. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13218a DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13218a
Ryan, RM, & Deci, EL. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860
Shabiriani, UN, Dewi, WK, Putri, SA, Pratama, FC, Bhanuwati, AT, & Valencia, CS. (2023). Garudeya illustrated digital book as a supporting media to children learning. E3S Web of Conferences, 426, 02001. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342602001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342602001
Son, SC, Opatz, MO, & Rush, ED. (2023a). An engagement-focused framework for evaluating storybooks for young children’s science vocabulary learning. The Reading Teacher, 77(2), 178–188. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.2224
Son, SC, Opatz, MO, & Rush, ED. (2023b). An engagement-focused framework for evaluating storybooks for young children’s science vocabulary learning. The Reading Teacher, 77(2), 178–188. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.2224 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.2224
(Duplicate retained only if cited as a and b in-text; otherwise one entry should be removed.)
Suwardika, G, Sopandi, AT, & Indrawan, PO. (2023). Flipped classroom with whiteboard animation to promote communication skill: A mixed method study. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 12(4), 770–781. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpiundiksha.v12i4.68119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jpiundiksha.v12i4.68119
Syaflita, D, Alvi, RR, Adila, F, & Putra, MJA. (2023). Needs analysis of comic as science teaching material for junior high school students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2582(1), 012046. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2582/1/012046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2582/1/012046
Triyanto, Y, & Mustadi, A. (2020). Problem-based learning model assisted by lift-the-flap book: Enhancing reading motivation of 3rd grade students. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(1), 151–166. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.664120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.664120
Wahab, I, & Amaliyah, N. (2021). The implementation of school literacy movement by using storybook in elementary school. Journal of Elementary Education Research, 5(3), 393–400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v5i3.36727
(If DOI exists, please provide; if not, this remains acceptable as a non-DOI entry.)
Widiana, IW, Triyono, S, Sudirtha, IG, Adijaya, MA, & Wulandari, IGAAM. (2023). Bloom’s revised taxonomy-oriented learning activity to improve reading interest and creative thinking skills. Cogent Education, 10(2), 2221482. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2221482 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2221482
Wijaya, IKWB, Wahyuni, NNT, Yasa, IMW, Suastini, NN, & Santi, EM. (2025). Enhancing science learning motivation through picture storybooks in elementary schools. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmu Pendidikan: E-Saintika, 9(2), 280–293. https://doi.org/10.36312/e-saintika.v9i2.2940 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36312/e-saintika.v9i2.2940
Yasa, IMW, Wijaya, IKWB, Indrawan, IPO, Muliani, NM, & Darmayanti, NWS. (2022). The implementation profile of the science literacy movement in elementary schools. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 6(2), 319–330. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v6i2.45174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v6i2.45174
Yulia, A, Joshi, RM, Husin, NA, Nadarajan, NM, Mohd Zin, N, & Nadarajan, C. (2024). Academic and recreational reading attitudes among primary students in a rural Malaysian village. Studies in English Language and Education, 11(2), 838–854. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v11i2.35011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v11i2.35011
Yurtbakan, E, Erdoğan, Ö, & Erdoğan, T. (2020). Impact of dialogic reading on reading motivation. Education and Science, 46(206), 161–180. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2020.9258 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2020.9258
Zhang, P, & Peng, Y. (2024). Multimodal reading in reading-only versus reading-while-listening modes: Evidence from Chinese language learners. Chinese as a Second Language Research, 13(2), 215–236. https://doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2024-2003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2024-2003
License
Copyright (c) 2025 I Komang Wisnu Budi Wijaya, Made Hery Santosa, I Wayan Widiana

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).






