Investigating the Interaction between Inquiry Learning Models and Cognitive Styles in Predicting Students’ Physics Learning Outcomes
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i3.14484Published:
2026-03-25Downloads
Abstract
This study is a quasi-experimental study with a 2x2 factorial design. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of applying inquiry learning model and cognitive styles on the physics learning outcomes and the interaction between learning models and cognitive styles on physics learning outcomes. The population in this study were all physics students of grade XI, while the sample was taken from grades XI 2 and XI 6, which were selected based on the Cluster Random Sampling Technique. The research data were obtained by giving the GEFT test to students before using the learning model in this study, and the physics learning outcomes test was conducted after the application of the inquiry learning model. The data analysis technique used was ANOVA. Based on the inferential analysis, the Fcount (5.12) > Ftable (4.04), can be concluded that there’s a significant difference between students taught with GI and OI learning models, the Fcount (12.63) > Ftable (4.04), can be concluded that there’s a significant difference between students who have FI and FD cognitive styles, and the interaction value Fcount (4.19) > Ftable (4.04), can be concluded that there’s an interaction between learning models and cognitive styles on physics learning outcomes.
Keywords:
Cognitive style Guided inquiry Learning outcomes Open inquiryReferences
Abaniel, A. (2021). Enhanced Conceptual Understanding, 21st Century Skills and Learning Attitudes Through an Open Inquiry Learning Model in Physics. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 11(1), 30–43. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1004
Antonio, R. P., & Prudente, M. S. (2023). Effects of Inquiry-Based Approaches on Students’ Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Science: A Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 12(1), 251–281. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.3216 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.3216
Arifin, S., Setyosari, P., Sa’dijah, C., & Kuswandi, D. (2020). The Effect of Problem-Based Learning by Cognitive Style on Critical Thinking Skills and Students’ Retention. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 10(2), 271–281. https://doi.org/10.3926/JOTSE.790 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.790
Bahri, M., Susilo, B. E., & Sutarto, H. (2024). Students’ Critical Thinking Abilities Based on Cognitive Style in STEM-Integrated Problem-Based Learning. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 51(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.51.1.8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.51.1.8
Bao, L., & Koenig, K. (2019). Physics Education Research for 21st Century Learning. Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Science Education Research, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43031-019-0007-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43031-019-0007-8
Dani, R., Jufrida, J., & Bunda, A. P. (2023). Analisis Kebutuhan Guru sebagai Acuan dalam Mengembangkan Perangkat Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom Terintegrasi Etnosains. Physics and Science Education Journal (PSEJ), 3(1), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.30631/psej.v3i1.1732 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30631/psej.v3i1.1732
Depin, D., Nurwahid, H., Sulla, F. Y., & Barella, Y. (2024). Inquiry Learning: Pengertian, Sintaks dan Contoh Implementasi di Kelas. Indonesia Journal on Education and Learning, 1(2). Retrieved from https://journal.myrepublikcorp.com/index.php/IJEN/article/view/80
Fitriyana, S., Farhan, A., Susanna, S., Hamid, A., & Mahzum, E. (2025). The Effect of Guided Inquiry Learning Model on Students’ Science Process Skills and Learning Outcomes in Physics Science Lessons. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika, 13(3), 555–571. https://doi.org/10.26618/0m4ny850 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26618/0m4ny850
Hardiansyah, F., Armadi, A., AR, M. M., & Wardi, M. (2024). Analysis of Field Dependent and Field Independent Cognitive Styles in Solving Science Problems in Elementary Schools. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(3), 1159–1166. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i3.5661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i3.5661
Hidayatullah, N., & Irawan, R. S. (2025). Relevansi Interaksi Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dan Gaya Kognitif Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 10(2), 1900–1906. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v10i2.3572 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v10i2.3572
Hidayatullah, Z., Wilujeng, I., Nurhasanah, N., Gusemanto, T. G., & Makhrus, M. (2021). Synthesis of the 21st Century Skills (4C) Based Physics Education Research in Indonesia. JIPF (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Fisika), 6(1), 88. https://doi.org/10.26737/jipf.v6i1.1889 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26737/jipf.v6i1.1889
Hikmawati, H., Kusmiyati, K., & Sutrio, S. (2020). Inquiry Learning Model to Improve Student Cognitive Learning Outcomes in Temperature and Heat. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 6(1), 97–100. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v6i1.330 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v6i1.330
Indawati, H., Sarwanto, S., & Sukarmin, S. (2023). Effect of Guided Inquiry Models and Open Inquiry of Wave and Sound Vibration Materials on Critical Thinking Ability in terms of Science Process Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(1), 42–47. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i1.1994 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i1.1994
Irwan, I. Y., Kaharuddin, K., Khaeruddin, K., Helmi, H., & Usman, U. (2021). Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik SMA Negeri 8 Makassar. Jurnal Sains dan Pendidikan Fisika (JSPF), 17(3). Retrieved from https://garuda.kemdiktisaintek.go.id/documents/detail/2557340 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35580/jspf.v17i3.26738
Juliyasa, G. E. M., Rapi, N. K., & Rahmawati, D. O. (2018). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa Kelas X MIPA SMA Negeri. JPPF, 8(1), 2599–2554. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpf.v8i1.20595
Khaeruddin, K., Wahyuni, A. S. A., & Kijkuakul, S. (2025). Digitally Integrated Project-Based Contextual Physics Resources to Enhance Students’ Critical Thinking Skills to Support SDG-4. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 14(4), 643–653. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v14i4.31581 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v14i4.31581
Menap, M., Bayani, F., & Prayogi, S. (2021). Problem-Based Learning in Phytochemistry Courses: Its’ Effectiveness in Improving Medical Students’ Critical Thinking Ability Viewed from Cognitive Style. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 7(SpecialIssue), 118–125. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7ispecialissue.1124 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7iSpecialIssue.1124
Mukhlisa, R., Gani, A., Winarni, S., Khaldun, I., & Hanum, L. (2021). Independence of Learning and Achievement of Learners’ Cognitive Abilities in Thermochemical Materials Through the Application of Flipped Classroom. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 7(4), 523–530. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7i4.674 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7i4.674
Musfiroh, M., Suwarma, I. R., & Efendi, R. (2024). Enhancing Physics Learning Through the 7E Learning Cycle Model: A Systematic Literature Review. Indonesian Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 5(1), 531-544. https://doi.org/10.24042/ijsme.v5i1.24125 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24042/ijsme.v7i3.24125
Mustika, T., Zulaiha, F., & Rifqi, M. (2025). The Effect of Discovery Learning Model Assisted by PhET Media on The Critical Thinking Ability of Class X High School Students. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Fisika, 4(2), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.52434/jpif.v4i2.42053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52434/jpif.v4i2.42053
Mustofa, H. A., Zain, Z. A., Tsania, H., Azman, M. N. A., Marmoah, S., & Masfuah, S. (2024). Analysis of Students’ Conceptions Based on Cognitive Style on Newton’s Law Understanding. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 13(2), 301–312. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v13i2.4230 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/mx0v4952
Nirwana, N. (2017). Pengaruh Manajemen Pembelajaran dan Gaya Kognitif Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Fisika Siswa SMPN Kota Bengkulu (Studi Eksperimen pada Siswa Kelas VII Semester I SMPN 11 Kota Bengkulu). Jurnal Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup, 28–32.
Nozari, A., & Siamian, H. (2015). The Relationship between Field Dependent-Independent Cognitive Style and Understanding of English Text Reading and Academic Success. Materia Socio Medica, 27(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2014.27.39-41 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2014.27.39-41
Nurussaniah, N., Trisianawati, E., & Sari, I. N. (2017). Pembelajaran Inkuiri untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains Calon Guru Fisika. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni, 6(2), 233. https://doi.org/10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v6i2.1891 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v6i2.1891
Pangestika, M. R., & Budiningarti, H. (2014). Pengaruh Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TPS (Think-Pair-Share) dengan Teknik Power of Two Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Kalor di Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Bangkalan. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Fisika (JIPF), 03(03), 27–31.
Rahmah, O. J., Usman, U., Wahyuni, A. S. A., & Setiawan, T. (2024). Analysis of Science Literacy Skills Among 11th Grade Students on Kinematics Material. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika, 8(3), 438. https://doi.org/10.20527/jipf.v8i3.12672 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20527/jipf.v8i3.12672
Rediyono, R. (2025). Improving Student Learning Independence by Using Models Discovery Learning at School. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(5), 611–618. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i5.10834 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i5.10834
Riben, S., Arsyad, M., & Helmi, H. (2024). Guided Inquiry Method and Self-Efficacy on High School Students’ Physics Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 8(2), 356–364. https://doi.org/10.23887/jppp.v8i2.68657 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jppp.v8i2.68657
Romadhona, R. R., & Suyanto, S. (2020). Enhancing Integrated Science Process Skills: Is It Better to Use Open Inquiry or Guided Inquiry Model? Biosfer, 13(2), 307–319. https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.v13n2.307-319 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.v13n2.307-319
Samsun, S., Tjalla, A., & Sarifah, I. (2024). Understanding Physics: The Influence of Cognitive Styles and Student Interest. Journal of Comprehensive Science, 3(12), 5623-5630. https://doi.org/10.59188/jcs.v3i12.2944 DOI: https://doi.org/10.59188/jcs.v3i12.2944
Sholikhan, S., Degeng, N. S., I., Setyosari, P., & Koes-Handayanto, S. (2020). Understanding the Physics Concept between Guided Inquiry or Open Inquiry. Int. J. Learning and Change, 12(2), 113. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLC.2020.106784 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLC.2020.106784
Sidik, R. M., Wiliyanti, V., & Gunawan, I. (2024). Literature Review: Augmented Reality-based Physics Learning Media to Improve Students’ Motivation and Learning Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review Article History Abstract. Jurnal Pembelajaran Fisika, 12(2), 129–146. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpf.v12.n2.202405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23960/jpf.v12.n2.202405
Sudiartha, N. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa Kelas XI P MIPA2 SMA Negeri 1 Ubud Semester Ganjil Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022. Indonesian Journal of Educational Development, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6203204 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v2i1.4571
Sukaryaningsih, N. P. M., Pujawan, I. G. N., & Rapi, N. K. (2023). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif. Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan Indonesia, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.23887/jpepi.v13i1.2351
Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive Load During Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1202_4
Vuztasari, H., & Diyana, T. N. (2024). Analisis Kesulitan Beserta Tinjauan Tingkat Motivasi Belajar Mata Pelajaran Fisika pada Peserta Didik SMA. Jurnal Luminous: Riset Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika, 5(1), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.31851/luminous.v5i1.11977 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31851/luminous.v5i1.11977
Witkin, H. A., Moore, C. A., Goodenough, D. R., & Cox, P. W. (1977). Field-Dependent and Field-Independent Cognitive Styles and Their Educational Implications. Source: Review of Educational Research (Vol. 47). Winter. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1169967
Xie, Q., Yang, K., Ji, R., Qian, Y., Tong, L., Chao, C. N. G., & Sin, K. F. (2025). Cognitive Style and Students’ Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Education. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1634732 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1634732
Yulianci, S., Gunawan, G., Doyan, A., & Febriyanti, F. (2019). Pengaruh Gaya Belajar Terhadap Penguasaan Konsep Fisika Siswa Pada Materi Besaran dan Pengukuran. Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 9(2), 123-127. https://doi.org/10.37630/jpm.v9i2.236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37630/jpm.v9i2.236
Yulianti, E., & Zhafirah, N. N. (2020). Analisis Komprehensif pada Implementasi Pembelajaran dengan Model Inkuiri Terbimbing: Aspek Penalaran Ilmiah. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 6(1), 125–130. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v6i1.341 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v6i1.341
Zhang, J. (2023). Links between Cognitive Styles and Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 8, 327-333. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4269 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4269
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Aisyah, Khaeruddin, A Sri Astika Wahyuni, Aulia Cahyani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).






