Global Research Trends on Black Soldier Fly Larvae for Organic Waste Bioconversion and Sustainable Animal Feed: A Bibliometric Analysis
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i5.15016Published:
2026-05-25Downloads
Abstract
The increasing organic waste generation in line with population growth requires sustainable management solutions. Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae are a promising innovation as they can convert organic waste into animal feed and fertilizer with economic value. This study aims to analyze global research trends in bioconversion by considering feed ratio using Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Bibliometric Analysis (BA) approaches. Data obtained from Scopus for the period 2020-May 2026 May 3, 2026 were analyzed using VOSviewer for 281 publications. The results show a significant increase in the number of publications. The subject area dominated by Agricultural and Biological Sciences. Relevant journals include Animal, Poultry Science and Journal of Insect as Food and Feed. The most productive authors there is Biasato,I., (12 publication with 203 total citation). Meanwhile, Italy is the country with the highest output. The most prominent keywords are Larva. The research focuses on the efficiency of converting waste materials into environmentally friendly protein sources.
Keywords:
Bibliometric Black soldier fly Feed ratio Waste bioconversionReferences
Addeo, N. F., Vozzo, S., Secci, G., Mastellone, V., Piccolo, G., Lombardi, P., Parisi, G., Asiry, K. A., Attia, Y. A., & Bovera, F. (2021). Different Combinations of Butchery and Vegetable Wastes on Growth Performance, Chemical-Nutritional Characteristics and Oxidative Status of Black Soldier Fly Growing Larvae. Animals, 11(12). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123515
Amrul, N. F., Ahmad, I. K., Basri, N. E. A., Suja, F., Jalil, N. A. A., & Azman, N. A. (2022). A Review of Organic Waste Treatment Using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). Sustainability, 14(8), 4565. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084565
Apriliyah, R. P., & Arifianto, B. (2022). Evaluation of Zakat Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Literature Review. Review of Islamic Social Finance and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.20885/RISFE.vol1.iss1.art4
Broeckx, L., Frooninckx, L., Berrens, S., Goossens, S., Heide, C. T., Wuyts, A., Dallaire-Lamontagne, M., & Miert, S. V. (2025). Macronutrient-Based Predictive Modelling of Bioconversion Efficiency in Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) Through Artificial Substrates. Insects, 16(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16010077
Camperio, J., Suarez, J. A., Simonton, J., Paresky, E., Parodi, J., & Benetti, D. D. (2025). Valorizing Organic Waste Through Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens): A Sustainable Solution for Aquafeeds with Key Nutrients and Natural Bioactive Polyphenols. Sustainability, 17(5), 1788. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17051788
Chen, G., Zhang, K., Tang, W., Li, Y., Pang, J., Yuan, X., Song, X., Jiang, L., Yu, X., Zhu, H., Wang, J., Zhang, J., & Zhang, X. (2023). Feed Nutritional Composition Affects the Intestinal Microbiota and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1184139. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1184139
Colicchia, C., Creazza, A., Noè, C., & Strozzi, F. (2019). Information Sharing in Supply Chains: A Review of Risks and Opportunities Using the Systematic Literature Network Analysis (SLNA). Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 24(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-01-2018-0003
Deen, S. N. E., Rozen, K. V., Elissen, H., Wikselaar, P. V., Fodor, I., Weide, R. V. D., Hil, E. F. H-V., D., Far, A. R., & Veldkamp, T. (2023). Bioconversion of Different Waste Streams of Animal and Vegetal Origin and Manure by Black Soldier Fly Larvae Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Insects, 14(2), 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14020204
Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to Conduct a Bibliometric Analysis: An Overview and Guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
Franco, A., Pucciarelli, V., Hosseini, S. A., Schmitt, E., Bovera, F., Scieuzo, C., & Falabella, P. (2025). Bioconversion of Meat and Fish-Based Former Foodstuffs by Black Soldier Fly Larvae: A Sustainable Pathway for Reducing Food Waste, Enhancing Nutrient Recovery, with a Circular Economy Approach. Insects, 16(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16050508
Hoang, A.-D. (2025). Evaluating Bibliometrics Reviews: A Practical Guide for Peer Review and Critical Reading. Evaluation Review, 49(6), 1074–1102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X251336839
Hopkins, I., Newman, L. P., Gill, H., & Danaher, J. (2021). The Influence of Food Waste Rearing Substrates on Black Soldier Fly Larvae Protein Composition: A Systematic Review. Insects, 12(7), 608. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070608
Hutabarat, D. J. C., & Mangindaan, D. (2024). Cultivation of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae for the Valorization of Spent Coffee Ground: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Study. Agriculture, 14(2), 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14020205
Khasanah, H., Tyas, I., Kusbianto, D. E., Jadmiko, W., & Muhlison, W. (2024). Comparative Evaluation of Hermetia Illucens Larvae Reared on Different Substrates: Effect on Growth (The Yield, Nutritional Properties and Bioconversion). Buletin Peternakan, 48(3), 200. https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v48i3.87557
Kim, Y. B., Kim, D.-H., Jeong, S.-B., Lee, J.-W., Kim, T.-H., Lee, H.-G., & Lee, K.-W. (2020). Black Soldier Fly Larvae Oil as an Alternative Fat Source in Broiler Nutrition. Poultry Science, 99(6), 3133–3143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.01.018
Kullan, A. R. K., Suresh, A., Choi, H. L., Neumann, E. G., & Hassan, F. (2024). Bioconversion of Poultry Litter into Insect Meal and Organic Frasstilizer Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae as a Circular Economy Model for the Poultry Industry: A Review. Insects, 16(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16010012
Kutty, S. R. M., Yoong, L. S., & Khun, T. C. (2015). Growth Performance, Waste Reduction and Efficiency of Conversion of Digested Food Waste by Hermetia illucens Larvae Via Bioconversion. J Pure Appl Microbiol., 9(Spl. Edn. 2), 533-537. Retrieved from https://microbiologyjournal.org/growth-performance-waste-reduction-and-efficiency-of-conversion-of-digested-food-waste-by-hermetia-illucens-larvae-via-bioconversion/
Lendra, L., Wibowo, M. A., & Hatmoko, J. U. D. (2023). A Systematic Literature Network Analysis: Research Mapping of International Roughness Index. I2M, 81-94. https://doi.org/10.18280/i2m.220301
Lin, S.-W., & Shelomi, M. (2024). Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Microbiome and Microbe Interactions: A Scoping Review. Animals, 14(22), 3183. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14223183
Mangindaan, D., Kaburuan, E. R., & Meindrawan, B. (2022). Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) for Biodiesel and/or Animal Feed as a Solution for Waste-Food-Energy Nexus: Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability, 14(21), 13993. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142113993
Mulyatna, L., Rochaeni, A., Saputra, R., Yogi, B., & Fiqri, I. (2022). Effect of Variations in the Pretreatment of Organic Waste on The Growth of Black Soldier Flies (BSF) Larval. Journal of Community Based Environmental Engineering and Management, 6(2), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v6i2.6161
Nayak, A., Rühl, M., & Klüber, P. (2024). Bioconversion Efficiency and Chemical Composition of Hermetia illucens Larvae Fed Spent Mushroom Substrates. AMB Express, 14(1), 133. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-024-01802-4
Nielsen, F. K., Hansen, R. J., Muurmann, A. T., Bahrndorff, S., & Eriksen, N. T. (2025). Metabolic Performance of Mealworms and Black Soldier Fly Larvae Reared on Food and Agricultural Waste and By-Products. Animals, 15(2). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15020233
Oddon, S. B., Biasato, I., Ferrocino, I., Imarisio, A., Renna, M., Caimi, C., Gariglio, M., Dabbou, S., Pipan, M., Dekleva, D., Corvaglia, M. R., Bongiorno, V., Macchi, E., Cocolin, L., Gasco, L., & Schiavone, A. (2024). Live Black Soldier Fly Larvae as Environmental Enrichment for Native Chickens: Implications for Bird Performance, Welfare, and Excreta Microbiota. Animal, 18(11). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2024.101341
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews. BMJ, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Passas, I. (2024). Bibliometric Analysis: The Main Steps. Encyclopedia, 4(2), 1014–1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4020065
Pertiwi, M. E., Hidanah, S., Hidajati, N., Lamid, M., Lokapirnasari, W. P., & Warsito, S. H. (2023). Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Maggot Flour as Concentrate Substitution on Broiler Chickens Feed Consumption, Body Weight Gain and Feed Conversion Ratio. Jurnal Agro Veteriner, 7(1), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.20473/agrovet.v7i1.51502
Pratama, D., Apriyadi, R., Lingga, R., & Rahmawati, M. (2022). Kualitas Kimia Kompos Hasil Biokonversi Berbagai Jenis Limbah Organik Menggunakan Larva Black Soldier Fly dan EM-4. AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian, 6(2), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.33019/agrosainstek.v6i2.434
Qin, W., Zhang, J., Hou, D., Li, X., Jiang, H., Chen, H., Yu, Z., Tomberlin, J. K., Zhang, Z., & Li, Q. (2022). Effects of Biochar Amendment on Bioconversion of Soybean Dregs by Black Soldier Fly. Science of The Total Environment, 829, 154605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154605
Rethlefsen, M. L., Kirtley, S., Waffenschmidt, S., Ayala, A. P., Moher, D., Page, M. J., Koffel, J. B., PRISMA-S Group, Blunt, H., Brigham, T., Chang, S., Clark, J., Conway, A., Couban, R., Kock, S. D., Farrah, K., Fehrmann, P., Foster, M., Fowler, S. A., … Young, S. (2021). PRISMA-S: An Extension to the PRISMA Statement for Reporting Literature Searches in Systematic Reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01542-z
Rossi, G., Ojha, S., Hankel, J., & Schlüter, O. K. (2025). Insect-Mediated Valorisation of Anaerobically Digested Aquaculture Waste: Bioconversion Performances, Nutritional Composition and Microbial Safety of Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Sustainable Food Technology, 3(3), 811–821. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4FB00392F
Safitri, S., Eurika, N., & Priantari, I. (2025). Bioconversion of Edamame Soybean Waste Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae on Substrate Consumption and Waste Reduction Index. Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH), 12(1), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v12i1.415
Sarkis-Onofre, R., Catalá-López, F., Aromataris, E., & Lockwood, C. (2021). How to Properly Use the PRISMA Statement. Systematic Reviews, 10(1), 117, s13643-021-01671-z. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01671-z
Satori, M., Chofyan, I., Yuliadi, Y., Rukmana, O., Wulandari, I. A., Izzatunnisaa, F., Kemaludin, R. P., & Rohman, A. S. (2021). Community-Based Organic Waste Processing Using BSF Maggot Bioconversion. Journal of Community Based Environmental Engineering and Management, 5(2), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v5i2.4445
Siddiqui, S. A., Süfer, Ö., Koç, G. C., Lutuf, H., Rahayu, T., Castro-Muñoz, R., & Fernando, I. (2024). Enhancing the Bioconversion Rate and End Products of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Treatment – A Comprehensive Review. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 27(5), 9673–9741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-04306-6
Silvaraju, S., Zhang, Q., Kittelmann, S., & Puniamoorthy, N. (2024). Genetics, Age, and Diet Influence Gut Bacterial Communities and Performance of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens). Animal Microbiome, 6(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-024-00340-5
Soegoto, H., Soegoto, E. S., Luckyardi, S., & Rafdhi, A. A. (2021). A Bibliometric Analysis of Management Bioenergy Research Using Vosviewer Application. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 7(1), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v7i1.43328
Surendra, K. C., Tomberlin, J. K., Huis, A. V., Cammack, J. A., Heckmann, L.-H. L., & Khanal, S. K. (2020). Rethinking Organic Wastes Bioconversion: Evaluating the Potential of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens (L.)) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (BSF). Waste Management, 117, 58–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.07.050
Ullah, R., Asghar, I., & Griffiths, M. G. (2022). An Integrated Methodology for Bibliometric Analysis: A Case Study of Internet of Things in Healthcare Applications. Sensors, 23(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010067
Waithaka, M. K., Osuga, I. M., Kabuage, L. W., Subramanian, S., Muriithi, B., Wachira, A. M., & Tanga, C. M. (2022). Evaluating the Growth and Cost–Benefit Analysis of Feeding Improved Indigenous Chicken with Diets Containing Black Soldier Fly Larva Meal. Frontiers in Insect Science, 2. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2022.933571
Wang, L., Zhang, G., Dong, Y., Tian, S., Wu, Z., & Wang, H. (2025). Co-Treating of Chicken Manure with Wet Market Waste by Black Soldier Fly Larvae for Synergetic Bioconversion Enhancement and Gas Reduction. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2025.104283
Yu, Y., Zhang, J., Zhu, F., Fan, M., Zheng, J., Cai, M., Zheng, L., Huang, F., Yu, Z., & Zhang, J. (2023). Enhanced Protein Degradation by Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) and Its Gut Microbes. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 1095025. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1095025
Zampiga, M., Cesare, A. D., Laghi, L., Soglia, F., Indio, V., Trespeuch, C., Benini, E., Dayan, J., Petracci, M., & Sirri, F. (2025). Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Cecal Microbiota and Metabolomics Profile of Turkeys Fed Diets Containing Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) meal. Scientific Reports, 15(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05624-7
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Yumna Azzahro, Sri Sumiyati, Badrus Zaman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
