Vol. 12 No. 6 (2026): In Progress
Open Access
Peer Reviewed

Advancing SDG 4 Quality Education: Needs Analysis and Automated PjBL Essay Assessment Design for Projek IPAS in Vocational High Schools

Authors

Sayid Juni Riauan , Darmansyah , Zelhendri Zen , Fetri Yeni J

DOI:

10.29303/jppipa.v12i6.15088

Published:

2026-06-25

Downloads

Abstract

The implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in vocational high schools requires authentic descriptive essay assessments, yet manual grading frequently induces severe teacher fatigue and subjectivity. This study aims to analyze teachers' assessment needs and design a conceptual model for automated PjBL essay grading specifically for the Projek IPAS subject. Utilizing the initial phases of the ADDIE research and development framework, this descriptive study employed preliminary teacher interviews, field observations, and literature reviews. The needs analysis revealed a critical demand for an efficient evaluation system to mitigate educators' cognitive load. Consequently, a conceptual architecture integrating Word Count, Similarity Index, and Keyword Matching was designed strictly as an administrative and technical pre-screening mechanism, while the Timestamp parameter was relegated solely to task management. Ultimately, this automated conceptual model is projected to serve as a cognitive offloading mechanism to substantially reduce administrative burdens and potentially mitigate grading bias, empowering science educators to reallocate their energy toward authentic substantive assessment.

Keywords:

Automated assessment Needs analysis Project-based learning Projek IPAS Teacher fatigue

References

Alfiah, M. H., Bramastia, & Sukarmin. (2025). Literature Review: The Impact of Project Based Learning on Scientific Literacy in Secondary Education. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i1.8616 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i1.8616

Arafah, K., & Palloan, P. (2026). Development of Project-Based Physics Teaching Modules to Improve Students’ Science Process Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 12(1), 723–734. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v12i1.14069 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v12i1.14069

Arthur, R., Daryati, Maulana, A., Febiansyah, R., & Kidung, K. (2021). Scientific literacy of vocational school students in building construction. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1833(1), 012036. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1833/1/012036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1833/1/012036

Asiah, S., & Festiyed. (2024). Development of Diagnostic, Formative and Summative Assessment Instruments in the PjBL Model to Stimulate Students’ Critical and Creative Thinking Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(10), 7486–7492. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.8757 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.8757

Ayaan, A., & Ng, K.-W. (2025). Automated grading using natural language processing and semantic analysis. MethodsX, 14, 103395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2025.103395 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2025.103395

Banihashem, S. K., Gašević, D., Noroozi, O., Jarodzka, H., Joosten-ten Brinke, D., & Drachsler, H. (2025). Optimizing Formative Assessment with Learning Analytics. Review of Educational Research, 00346543251370753. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543251370753 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543251370753

BSKAP Kemendikdasmen. (2025). Panduan Mata Pelajaran Projek Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Dan Sosial (PROJEK IPAS). Kemendikdasmen RI. Retrieved from https://kurikulum.kemendikdasmen.go.id/file/panduan/dokumen/01.%20Final%20Panduan%20Mata%20Pelajaran%20Projek%20IPAS_SMK_30_09_2025.pdf

Chen, H., & Pan, J. (2022). Computer or human: A comparative study of automated evaluation scoring and instructors’ feedback on Chinese college students’ English writing. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 7(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-022-00171-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-022-00171-4

Chotimah, A. N. I., Sariyatun, S., & Ardianto, D. T. (2024). Development of Virtual Tour Media of Sambisari Temple as a History Learning Media in High Schools. JTP - Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 26(3), 1008–1023. https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v26i3.50837 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v26i3.50837

Daud, A., Azhar, F., Isjoni, I., & Chowdhury, R. (2023). Complexities of Authentic Assessment Implementation in English Learning at Rural Areas-Based High Schools. International Journal of Language Education. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v7i3.41345 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v7i3.41345

Doyle, L., Harris, P. R., & Easterbrook, M. J. (2024). Quality and quantity: How contexts influence the emergence of teacher bias. Social Psychology of Education, 27(4), 1855–1882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09882-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09882-z

Fajri, N., Sriyati, S., & Rochintaniawati, D. (2024). Global Research Trends of Digital Learning Media in Science Education: A Bibliometric Analysis. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i1.6248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i1.6248

Fitriani, H., Samsuri, T., Rachmadiarti, F., & Raharjo, R. (2022). Characteristics of Evaluation-Process Biology Learning Tools Based on Conceptual Problem-Based Learning Models to Train Critical Thinking Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(1), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i1.1168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i1.1168

Gabatin, L. A., Loquias, C. M. M., Redondo, M. M., & Fajardo, D. F. (2023). “Ctrl + C, Ctrl + V”: Academic Integrity in Online Language Learning. Dialektika: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra Dan Budaya, 10(2), 179–204. (NA). https://doi.org/10.33541/dia.v10i2.5392 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33541/dia.v10i2.5392

Gao, R., Merzdorf, H. E., Anwar, S., Hipwell, M. C., & Srinivasa, A. R. (2024). Automatic assessment of text-based responses in post-secondary education: A systematic review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 100206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100206

Gnanaprakasam, J., & Lourdusamy, R. (2024). The Role of AI in Automating Grading: Enhancing Feedback and Efficiency. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005025

Gong, W. (2022). An Empirical Study on the Correlation between Critical Thinking Ability and L2 Argumentative Writing Competence. Frontiers in Educational Research, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.25236/FER.2022.050217 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25236/FER.2022.050217

Gray, A., Rahat, A., Lindsay, S., Pearson, J., & Crick, T. (2025). Rendering Transparency to Ranking in Educational Assessment via Bayesian Comparative Judgement. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.15549 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.70149

Hardison, H., Mukhaiyar, R., Muskhir, M., Waskito, W., & Luthfi, A. (2025). Designing a Web-Based Internship Information System for Vocational High Schools. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(2), 642–653. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i2.10227 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i2.10227

Hasnawati, H., Syazali, M., & Widodo, A. (2022). Development of live worksheets assisted diagnostic assessment instruments to measure understanding of science concepts prospective elementary school teachers. Jurnal Pijar MIPA, 17(6), 743–747. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v17i6.4217 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v17i6.4217

Hopfenbeck, T. N., Zhang, Z., Sun, S. Z., Robertson, P., & McGrane, J. A. (2023). Challenges and opportunities for classroom-based formative assessment and AI: A perspective article. Frontiers in Education, 8, 1270700. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1270700 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1270700

Ibaibarriaga, G., Acha, J., & Perea, M. (2025). The impact of handwriting and typing practice in children’s letter and word learning: Implications for literacy development. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 253, 106195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2025.106195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2025.106195

Irdalisa, I., Akbar, B., Fuadi, T. M., Maesaroh, M., & Kartikawati, E. (2024). Ricosre Model with Question Formulation Technique (QFT): Enhancing Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and Science Literacy. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(3), 1175–1178. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i3.6764 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i3.6764

Kementerian Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah Republik Indonesia. (2025). Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan Dasar Dan Menengah Republik Indonesia Nomor 126/P/2025 Tentang Pedoman Implementasi Pembelajaran Mendalam Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar, Dan Jenjang Pendidikan Menengah. Retrieved from https://kurikulum.kemendikdasmen.go.id/file/1758017373_manage_file.pdf

Khairunnisa, K., & Darmansyah, D. (2022). Pengembangan Media Video Animasi pada Metode Inkuiri untuk Pembelajaran IPS Kelas IX SMP. FONDATIA, 6(4), 972-986. Retrieved from https://ejournal.stitpn.ac.id/index.php/fondatia/article/view/2332 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36088/fondatia.v6i4.2332

Kim, J., Lee, S.-S., Detrick, R., Wang, J., & Li, N. (2026). Students-Generative AI interaction patterns and its impact on academic writing. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 38(1), 504–525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-025-09444-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-025-09444-6

Kim, S., Yang, J. W., Lim, J., Lee, S., Ihm, J., & Park, J. (2021). The impact of writing on academic performance for medical students. BMC Medical Education, 21(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02485-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02485-2

Kumar, R. (2025). Transforming student evaluation and feedback through AI-driven automated assessment. IJFMR - International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i02.42212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i02.42212

Liu, M., Zhang, L. J., & Biebricher, C. (2024). Investigating students’ cognitive processes in generative AI-assisted digital multimodal composing and traditional writing. Computers & Education, 211, 104977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104977 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104977

Machado, A., Tenório, K., Santos, M. M., Barros, A. P., Rodrigues, L., Mello, R. F., Paiva, R., & Dermeval, D. (2025). Workload perception in educational resource recommendation supported by artificial intelligence: A controlled experiment with teachers. Smart Learning Environments, 12(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-025-00373-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-025-00373-6

Mahshanian, A., & Shahnazari, M. (2020). The effect of raters fatigue on scoring EFL writing tasks. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 10(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v10i1.24956 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v10i1.24956

Marentek, L. K. M. (2025). Teachers’ Challenges in Implementing Project-Based Learning in Teaching Science in Inclusive Schools at Tomohon City North Sulawesi. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(8), 850–854. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.12377 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.12377

Maryani, I., Prasetyo, Z. K., Wilujeng, I., Purwanti, S., & Fitrianawati, M. (2021). HOTs Multiple Choice and Essay Questions: A Validated Instrument to Measure Higher-order Thinking Skills of Prospective Teachers. Turkish Journal of Science Education, 4. https://doi.org/10.36681/tused.2021.97 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36681/tused.2021.97

Mellyzar, M., Andriani, R., Lukman, I. R., Muttakin, M., Wati, E., Pasaribu, A. I., & Fadli, M. R. (2024). Digital Assessment Tools: As a Media for Assesing High School Science Learning. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(3), 1362–1374. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i3.6416 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i3.6416

Morehead, K., Dunlosky, J., & Rawson, K. (2019). How Much Mightier Is the Pen than the Keyboard for Note-Taking? A Replication and Extension of Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014). Educational Psychology Review, 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09468-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09468-2

Mueller, P. A., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2014). The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking. Psychological Science, 25(6), 1159–1168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614524581 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614524581

Musahrain, M., Ainurrahmi, A., Ferniawan, F., & Sabrina, A. (2024). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis pada Mata Pelajaran IPA SMP Kelas IX di Kabupaten Sumbawa. Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (JP-IPA), 5(2), 152–159. https://doi.org/10.56842/jp-ipa.v5i2.439 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56842/jp-ipa.v5i2.439

Nadir, M., Arthur, R., & Daryati, D. (2022). Literature Review: The Role Of E-Modules In Improving Vocational Students’ Scientific Literacy Skills. Jurnal PenSil, 11(3), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpensil.v11i3.28673 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/jpensil.v11i3.28673

Napitupulu, N. D., Ratu, B., Walanda, D. K., & Napitupulu, M. (2023). Challenges Faced by Science Teachers in Implementing Differentiated Learning in Junior High School Palu Central Sulawesi Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(SpecialIssue), 960–966. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9iSpecialIssue.6383 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9iSpecialIssue.6383

Nie, Y. (2025). Automated essay scoring with SBERT embeddings and LSTM-Attention networks. PeerJ Computer Science, 11, e2634. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2634 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2634

Nisah, K., Saminan, Syukri, M., Elisa, & Markisni. (2024). Optimizing of Physics Learning through PjBL-STEM Model to Improve Critical Thinking Skills and Students Responsibility Attitudes. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(4), 1770–1778. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i4.6795 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i4.6795

Novianti, R., Aisyah, W. N., & Sukmawati, W. (2023). Analysis of Student’s Answer Error on Understanding of Energy Concept in Conceptual Change Text (CCT)-Based Learning. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(2), 505–508. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i2.2049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i2.2049

Palermo, C. (2022). Rater characteristics, response content, and scoring contexts: Decomposing the determinates of scoring accuracy. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.937097 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.937097

Peng, J.-L., & Yeh, S.-L. (2025). Cognitive Offloading in Short-Term Memory Tasks: Trust Toward Tools as a Moderator. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 41(21), 13382–13393. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2474449 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2474449

Plasencia-Calaña, Y. (2025). Operationalizing Automated Essay Scoring: A Human-Aware Approach. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2506.21603

Pratama, H., Matsun, Puspitasari, Y. D., & Maduretno, T. W. (2025). Science Literacy through STEM-Based Project Based Learning Model. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(7), 320–330. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i7.11306 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i7.11306

Putri, D. P., Febianti, Y. N., & Herawan, E. (2025). Augmented Reality Implementation in Financial Regulatory Education for Indonesian High School Students. JTP - Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 27(2), 598–618. https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v27i2.57830 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v27i2.57830

Rahmadayani, S., & Darmansyah, D. (2023). Pengembangan Media Video Animasi Pembelajaran Seni Budaya Dalam Metode Demonstrasi Kelas VIII Di MTS. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 4(02), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.59141/japendi.v4i02.1611 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36418/japendi.v4i02.1611

Rasyid, M. N. A., Alfian, A., Djamereng, J., & Nurwahida, N. (2024). English language assessment in Indonesian senior high schools: Perceived challenges and prospective solutions. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 14(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v14i1.6963 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v14i1.6963

Rosidin, U., Herliani, D., & Viyanti. (2023). Development of Assessment Instruments in Project-Based Learning to Measure Students Scientific Literacy and Creative Thinking Skills on Work and Energy Materials. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(6), 4484–4494. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i6.2421 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i6.2421

Rumaisa, F., Puspitarani, Y., Rosita, A., Zakiah, A., & Violina, S. (2021). Penerapan Natural Language Processing (NLP) di bidang pendidikan. Jurnal Inovasi Masyarakat, 1(3), 232–235. https://doi.org/10.33197/jim.vol1.iss3.2021.799 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33197/jim.vol1.iss3.2021.799

Rustam, R., & Priyanto, P. (2022). Critical thinking assessment in the teaching of writing Indonesian scientific texts in high school. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 26(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.21831/pep.v26i1.36241 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/pep.v26i1.36241

Sari, D. N., Wagiran, W., & Luriawati, D. (2025). Transformasi Penilaian Di Era Kurikulum Merdeka: Strategi Inovatif Asesmen Sumatif Di Smk Swasta. Jurnal Selaksa Makna, 1(4), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.23960/selaksamakna.v1i4.1225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23960/selaksamakna.v1i4.1225

Shaik, T., Tao, X., Li, Y., Dann, C., McDonald, J., Redmond, P., & Galligan, L. (2022). A Review of the Trends and Challenges in Adopting Natural Language Processing Methods for Education Feedback Analysis. IEEE Access, 10, 56720–56739. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3177752 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3177752

Sidiki, S. A. A., Abdjul, T., Lamangantjo, C. J., Buhungo, T. J., Yusuf, F. M., & Hermanto, I. M. (2024). The Implementation of PBL Model on Student Learning Outcomes in the Concept of Life Organizational Systems. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(8), 4486–4497. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i8.8100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i8.8100

Siregar, T. M., Armanto, D., Frisnoiry, S., & Ruslan, D. (2025). Effective Solutions for Implementing Android-Based Computer-Based Testing (CBT) In Vocational High Schools as A Digital Assessment Innovation. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(1), 623–633. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i1.10155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i1.10155

Sun, K., & Wang, R. (2024). Automatic Essay Multi-dimensional Scoring with Fine-tuning and Multiple Regression. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.01198

Urry, H., Crittle, C., Floerke, V., Leonard, M., Perry, C., Akdilek, N., Albert, E., Block, A., Bollinger, C., Bowers, E., Brody, R., Burk, K., Burnstein, A., Chan, A., Chan, P., Chang, L., Chen, E., Chiarawongse, P., Chin, G., & Zarrow, J. (2021). Don’t Ditch the Laptop Just Yet: A Direct Replication of Mueller and Oppenheimer’s (2014) Study 1 Plus Mini Meta-Analyses Across Similar Studies. Psychological Science, 32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620965541 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620965541

Wang, Y., Luo, N., & Zhou, J. (2022). Mining Assignment Submission Time to Detect At-Risk Students with Peer Information. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.6853175

Werang, B. R., Sri, A. A. P., Prawira, A. A. G. O. A., Yani, N. W. M. S. A., & Leba, S. M. R. (2025). Emotional Exhaustion and Its Impact on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Indonesian Elementary Schools. European Journal of Science, Innovation and Technology, 5(2), 202–214. Retrieved from https://ejsit-journal.com/index.php/ejsit/article/view/641

Wiley, R. W., & Rapp, B. (2021). The Effects of Handwriting Experience on Literacy Learning. Psychological Science, 32(7), 1086–1103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797621993111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797621993111

Yan, L., Sha, L., Zhao, L., Li, Y., Martinez-Maldonado, R., Chen, G., Li, X., Jin, Y., & Gašević, D. (2024). Practical and ethical challenges of large language models in education: A systematic scoping review. British Journal of Educational Technology, 55(1), 90–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13370 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13370

Yang, J., Latif, E., He, Y., & Zhai, X. (2025). Fine-tuning ChatGPT for Automatic Scoring of Written Scientific Explanations in Chinese. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.06704 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-025-10199-z

Yigci, D., Eryilmaz, M., Yetisen, A. K., Tasoglu, S., & Ozcan, A. (2025). Large Language Model-Based Chatbots in Higher Education. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 7(3), 2400429. https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400429 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400429

Yıldırır, H. E., & Kızmaz, N. (2025). Descriptive Content Analysis of Research on Cognitive Structures in Science Education in Turkey. Educational Academic Research, 153–168. https://doi.org/10.33418/education.1538016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33418/education.1538016

Yolanda, S. A., & Yohandri. (2025). Pengembangan E-Modul IPA Berbasis PjBL (Project Based Learning) pada Kelas VIII Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(10), 873–881. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i10.12283 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i10.12283

Yoo, J., Park, J., Ha, M., & Mae Lagmay Darang, C. (2024). Exploring Pre-Service Teachers’ Cognitive Processes and Calibration with an Unsupervised Learning-Based Automated Evaluation System. Sage Open, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241262864 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241262864

Yunita, L., & Widodo, H. (2023). The Implementation Of Merdeka Curriculum In Islamic Education Learning at SMK Muhammadiyah Lumajang. Ta Dib Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.29313/tjpi.v12i1.11287 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/tjpi.v12i1.11287

Yusuf, H., Money, A., & Daylamani-Zad, D. (2025). Towards reducing teacher burden in Performance-Based assessments using aivaluate: An emotionally intelligent LLM-Augmented pedagogical AI conversational agent. Education and Information Technologies, 30(17), 24649–24693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13755-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13755-7

Zakiyah, S., Suwarma, I. R., & Rusdiana, D. (2024). Constructing Assessment for Evaluating Critical Thinking and Creative Problem-Solving Skills in the Lesson on Soundwave. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(8), 4614–4622. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i8.8332 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i8.8332

Author Biographies

Sayid Juni Riauan, Universitas Negeri Padang

Author Origin : Indonesia

Darmansyah, Universitas Negeri Padang

Author Origin : Indonesia

Zelhendri Zen, Universitas Negeri Padang

Author Origin : Indonesia

Fetri Yeni J, Universitas Negeri Padang

Author Origin : Indonesia

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

How to Cite

Riauan, S. J., Darmansyah, Zen, Z., & J, F. Y. (2026). Advancing SDG 4 Quality Education: Needs Analysis and Automated PjBL Essay Assessment Design for Projek IPAS in Vocational High Schools. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 12(6), 291–300. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v12i6.15088