STEM-PBL Instructional Materials to Support Quality Education through Chemical Literacy in Thermochemistry
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i6.15152Published:
2026-06-25Downloads
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of STEM-Problem Based Learning (STEM-PBL) instructional materials in improving students’ chemical literacy on thermochemistry topics. This study employed a quasi-experimental method using a pretest-posttest control group design. The participants were 56 Chemistry Education students divided into an experimental class and a control class, each consisting of 28 students. Data were collected using a validated and reliable essay test (Cronbach’s α = 0.85). The results showed that the experimental class improved from 36.11 to 88.50, while the control class improved from 31.50 to 78.43. An independent samples t-test revealed a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the effect size analysis yielded a Cohen’s d value of 1.16, indicating a large effect. These findings suggest that STEM-PBL instructional materials effectively improve students’ chemical literacy, particularly in conceptual understanding, critical thinking, and problem-solving related to thermochemistry. In conclusion, STEM-PBL instructional materials are effective and feasible for enhancing chemical literacy and supporting quality, contextual, and 21st-century-oriented chemistry learning at the university level.
Keywords:
Chemical literacy Instructional materials Quality education STEM-PBL ThermochemistryReferences
Agussuryani, Q., Sudarmin, S., Sumarni, W., Cahyono, E., & Ellianawati, E. (2022). STEM literacy in growing vocational school student HOTS in science learning: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 11(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i1.21647 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i1.21647
Allamin, S., Sutoyo, S., & Azizah, U. (2018). The validity of teaching materials used guided inquiry model integrated with stem to train studentrs critical thinking skills on thermochemistry topic. 171(Snk), 139–143. https://doi.org/10.2991/snk-18.2018.33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/snk-18.2018.33
Alvina, S., Fitri, I., Dewi, U. M., & Fitriani, H. (2025). Implementasi Problem Based Learning Terhadap Literasi Sains dan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa Pada Materi Green Chemistry. Katalis: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Dan Pendidikan Kimia, 8(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.33059/katalis.v8i1.11747 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33059/katalis.v8i1.11747
Anugrahsari, I., Nurhayati B, N. B., & Syamsiah, S. (2025). The Influence of STEAM Integrated PjBL Learning Model on Communication Skills, Critical Thinking Skills and Problem-Solving Skills of Students in Biology Subject. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(6), 670–687. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i6.11411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i6.11411
Arisa, S., & Sitinjak, D. S. (2022). Implementation of the STEM-PBL Approach in Online Chemistry Learning and its Impact on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills. Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia Indonesia, 6(2), 88–96. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpki.v6i2.44317 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jpki.v6i2.44317
Barcelona, A., & Cruz, S. R. Dela. (2025). Development and validation of a scale measuring students’ use of generative artificial intelligence tools. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 14(5), 3612–3621. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v14i5.34809 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v14i5.34809
Dewi, N. P. P. M. S., Prasetyo, Y. D., Ulkulbi, M. S., & Nahri, S. D. A. (2025). Enhancing Science Literacy and Critical Thinking Through Project-Based Chemistry Labs with Natural Materials. Journal of Educational Chemistry (JEC), 7(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.21580/jec.2025.7.1.27863 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21580/jec.2025.7.1.27863
Dibyantini, R. E., Amdayani, S., Siregar, M. I., & Syafriani, D. (2024). Development of STEM-PjBL integrated teaching materials on organic compound materials to improve student science literacy. The 10th Annual International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education (AISTSSE) 2023, 320–330. https://doi.org/10.2478/9788367405782-039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/9788367405782-039
Fairuza, D., Dan, Z., & Sulistina, O. (2023). Efektifitas Pembelajaran Stem-Project-Based Learning Untuk Peningkatan Kemampuan Literasi Sains Dan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Pada Materi Kesetimbangan Kimia the Effectiveness of Stem-Project Based Learning in Improving Students’ Science Literacy and Creative Thinking Skills in Chemical Equilibrium Material. UNESA Journal of Chemical Education, 12(2), 112–120. https://doi.org/10.26740/ujced.v12n2.p121-131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26740/ujced.v12n2.p121-131
Fitriyani, F., Suyidno, S., & Perdana, R. (2023). Meningkatkan Literasi Sains Peserta Didik Melalui Problem-Based Learning Dipadu Stem Di Sekolah Penggerak. Jurnal Inovasi Dan Pembelajaran Fisika, 10(2), 209–225. https://doi.org/10.36706/jipf.v10i2.23022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36706/jipf.v10i2.23022
Formentin, J. (2023). The importance of STEM. The APPEA Journal, 63(2), S64–S67. https://doi.org/10.1071/aj22174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ22174
Hany, N. C., & Syafriani, D. (2024). Development of A Chemistry E-Module Based on Project Based Learning Using the Flipbook Application to Improve Learning Outcomes and Train Collaboration on Acid Base Material. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan : Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran, 9(2), 168. https://doi.org/10.33394/jtp.v9i2.10949 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/jtp.v9i2.10949
Hidayah, N., Al-Idrus, A., & Purwoko, A. A. (2025). Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbasis Problem Based Learning Terintegrasi Etnosains Untuk Melatih Literasi Sains Dan Berpikir Kreatif. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 7(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v6i1.264 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v6i1.264
Juniarti, I., & Musaddat, S. (2025). Development of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) to Enhance Elementary School Students’ Science Literacy. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(9), 707–714. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i9.11893 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i9.11893
Karmila, & Putra, P. P. (2022). Pengaruh Pembelajaran STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa. Jurnal Literasi Digital, 2(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.54065/jld.2.1.2022.115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54065/jld.2.1.2022.115
Khairani, Gani, A., & Khaldun, I. (2025). Effectiveness of Stem-Based Problem-Based Learning Model on Students’ Critical Thinking Abilities on Acid-Base Material. Jurnal Kimia Dan Pendidikan, 10(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.62870/educhemia.v10i2.35200 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30870/educhemia.v10i2.35200
Khalda, N., Rahmawati Sunarya, R., Aisyah, R., & Dahriah, I. (2025). Project-Based Learning in Creating Edible Straws from Red Dragon Fruit Peel to Develop Science Process Skills. Journal of Educational Chemistry (JEC), 7(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.21580/jec.2025.7.1.26563 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21580/jec.2025.7.1.26563
Ma, S. M. A., Rahmatina, C. A., Jannah, M., & Annisa, F. (2020). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Dan Fisika Terapan, 1(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.22373/p-jpft.v5i1.6531 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22373/p-jpft.v1i1.6531
Mudrikah, A., Muhammadiyah, S. D., Khusus, P., & Boyolali, A. (2020). Problem based learning as part of student-centered learning. In Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series. https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v3i4.53237 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v3i4.53237
Mulyati, D., Winarko, D., Abdullah, A., Syahmani, S., & Fahmi, F. (2024). Pengembangan bahan ajar modul pembelajaran IPA berbasis STEM-PBL dengan qr code untuk meningkatkan literasi sains pencemaran lingkungan. Journal of Banua Science Education, 5(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.20527/jbse.v5i1.325 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20527/jbse.v5i1.325
Mutlu, A., & Şeşen, B. A. (2016). Evaluating of preservice science teachers’ understanding DF general chemistry cdncepts by using twd tier diagnostic test. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 15(1), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/16.15.79 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/16.15.79
Muzana, S. R., Jumadi, Wilujeng, I., Yanto, B. E., & Mustamin, A. A. (2021). E-STEM project-based learning in teaching science to increase ICT literacy and problem solving. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(4), 1386–1394. https://doi.org/10.11591/IJERE.V10I4.21942 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i4.21942
Noordin, N. H., & Karunanithi, G. (2026). Evaluating the impact of game development-based learning on programming skill acquisition and student engagement. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 15(1), 424–435. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v15i1.35542 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v15i1.35542
Nanda, E. H., & Agustini, R. (2023). Development of Website-Based Learning Media on Reaction Rate Material to Improve Student Learning Outcomes. Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia, 11(4), 565. https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v11i4.8523 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v11i4.8523
Peña-Martínez, J., Li, M., Cano-Ortiz, A., García-Fernández, S., & Rosales-Conrado, N. (2025). Reimagining Chemistry Education for Pre-Service Teachers Through TikTok, News Media, and Digital Portfolios. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 15(14), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147711 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147711
Pertiwi, N. P. (2019). Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills Through Stem Problem-Based Contextual Learning : an Integrated E-Module Education Website With. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 739–766. https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/24.23.739 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/24.23.739
Purba, J., Panggabean, F. T. M., & Sutiani, A. (2024). Development of General Chemistry Teaching Materials Using the PjBL-STEM Model to Enhance Students’ Creative Thinking Skills. JTK (Jurnal Tadris Kimiya), 9(2), 149–158. https://doi.org/10.15575/jtk.v9i2.39318 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/jtk.v9i2.39318
Putri, S., Suhery, T., Sari, D. K., & Edi, R. (2023). Pengaruh Penggunaan Bahan Ajar Kimia Dasar Materi Kinetika Kimia Berbasis Stem-Problem Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Pendidikan Kimia Universitas Sriwijaya. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Kimia: Kajian Hasil Penelitian Pendidikan Kimia, 10(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.36706/jppk.v10i1.20394 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36706/jppk.v10i1.20394
Putri, Y., Yasinta, W., Mei, K., Christin, N., Tamur, A., & Welerubun, A. (2026). Penerapan Problem-Based Learning Pada Materi Kimia Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik. Dalton: Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia dan Ilmu Kimia, 9(1), 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/dl.v9i1.21703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31602/dl.v9i1.21703
Rahmawati, Y., Ramadhani, S. F., Afrizal, A., Puspitasari, M., & Mardiah, A. (2021). Development of Studentsâ€TM Conceptual Understanding through STEAM Project Integration in Thermochemistry. JTK (Jurnal Tadris Kimiya), 6(1), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.15575/jtk.v6i1.5498 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/jtk.v6i1.5498
Rokhimawan, M. A., Yuliawati, F., Kamala, I., & Susilawati. (2022). Prospective Madrasah Teachers’ Scientific Competencies Integrated With Scientific Literacy Through the Stem Approach. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 11(1), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i1.32983 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i1.32983
Rosana, S., Jumini, S., & Firdaus, F. (2022). Penggunaan Model PBL Berpendekatan STEM dalam Pembelajaran IPA Fisika Terhadap Kreativitas Peserta Didik. Kappa Journal, 6(2), 373–382. https://doi.org/10.29408/kpj.v6i2.6852 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29408/kpj.v6i2.6852
Rosdiana, E., Suyanti, R. D., & Manurung, B. (2026). Socioscientific issue and digital comic in problem based learning enhances student ecoliteracy toward UNESCO Global Geopark conservation. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 15(2), 1575–1586. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v15i2.37812 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v15i2.37812
Salsabila, E., & Sari, R. L. P. (2024). Development of Chemistry in Context E-book on Chemistry Subject Grade XI of Senior High School for Facing Literacy and Numerical Competency Assessment. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Dan Sains, 12(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpms.v12i1.65977 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jpms.v12i1.65977
Shamsudin, N. H., Azmi, I., Wahab Abdul Rahman, S. I., Zuraihan Rahimi, N. H., & Subramaniam, Y. (2026). The effectiveness of problem-based learning approach in science subject. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 15(1), 278–285. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v15i1.29983 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v15i1.29983
Setyorini, M. D., Rahcmadhaniar, R. N., Naimah, K., & Novita, D. (2024). Validity of Assessment Sheets for Identifying Conceptions and Argumentation Skills in Chemical Equilibrium Materials. JCER (Journal of Chemistry Education Research), 8(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.26740/jcer.v8n1.p1-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26740/jcer.v8n1.p1-8
Sun, D., Han, R., & Fan, Y. (2021). Integrating Micro Project- Based Learning To Improve Conceptual Understanding and Crucial Learning. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 22(1), 130-152. https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/21.20.546 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/23.22.130
Sofyan, M., Akmar, R., Mawardi, M., Ulianas, A., & Suryani, O. (2025). Integrating Flipped Classroom with Guided Inquiry Based on Digital Literacy Using Discord on Chemical Kinetics for First Year Chemistry Students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(9), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i9.10482 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i9.10482
Tairas, N., Rohaeti, E., Prodjosantoso, A. K., Ikhsan, J., & Ningthias, D. P. (2025). STEM-Integrated Problem-Based Learning in Green Chemistry to Enhance Chemical Literacy and Scientific Attitudes. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(3), 615–626. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10666 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10666
Tholibon, D. A., Nujid, M. M., Mokhtar, H., Rahim, J. A., Rashid, S. S., Saadon, A., Tholibon, D., & Salam, R. (2022). The factors of students’ involvement on student-centered learning method. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 11(4), 1637–1646. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i4.22314 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i4.22314
Wahyu, Y., Suastra, I. W., Sadia, I. W., & Suarni, N. K. (2020). The effectiveness of mobile augmented reality assisted STEM-based learning on scientific literacy and students’ achievement. International Journal of Instruction, 13(3), 343–356. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13324a DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13324a
Wahyuningsih, D. A., Marwoto, P., & Wahyuni, S. (2025). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Mobile Learning Berbasis STEM-PBL untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Kolaborasi. Lontar Physics Today, 4(2), 085–090. https://doi.org/10.26877/lpt.v4i2.23639 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26877/lpt.v4i2.23639
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwy Puspita Sari, Mutiara Agustina Nst, Ani Sutiani, Ratu Evina Dibyantini, Alfira Julian Pratiwi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
