Factors That Influence Orange Farmers Using Mixed Cropping Pattern in Nagori Bandar Purba, Purba District, Simalungun Regency
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i7.5381Published:
2025-07-25Downloads
Abstract
The problems studied in this study are (1) How much additional income does orange farmers get by using intercropping planting patterns in the research area? (2) What are the business risks that occur in orange intercropping farming in Pura Subdistrict, Simalungun Regency? This study aims to determine what factors make farmers use orange intercropping planting patterns in Bandar Pura Village, Pura Subdistrict, Simalungun Regency. The data used are primary data obtained from intercropping orange farmers with a sample of 30 respondents, secondary data obtained from relevant agencies. The results of the study show that orange production of 15,882 kg received an income of Rp. 190,059,200 with a production cost of Rp. 83,170,162 with an income of Rp. 106,349,683, the feasibility of orange farming with intercropping planting patterns can be calculated by R/C analysis. Based on the research results, the R/C value was 2.23, meaning that each R/C result was 2.0 > 1, indicating that orange farming in Bandar Purba Village, Purba District, Simalungun Regency was profitable and worth developing.
Keywords:
Citrus Farming Feasibility Intercropping Planting PatternReferences
Afriyanti, G., Mariya, A., Natalia, C., Nispuana, S., Wijaya, M. F., & Phalepi, M. Y. (2023). The role of the agricultural sector on economic growth in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (IJoMS), 2(1), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.59066/ijoms.v2i1.325
Anwar, A. (2022). The determinant of agriculture development in Indonesia. Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi Dan Keuangan, 153–164. https://doi.org/10.20885/JKEK.vol1.iss2.art2
Aswal, J. S., Sati, B. K., & Chauhan, A. (2025). From Peel to Pulp: Maximizing Citrus Products and Value Addition. In Valorization of Citrus Food Waste (pp. 305–315). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77999-2_15
Boldorini, G. X., McCary, M., Romero, G. Q., Mills, K. L., Sanders, N. J., Reich, P. B., Michalko, R., & Gonçalves‐Souza, T. (2024). Predators control pests and increase yield across crop types and climates: a meta-analysis. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 291. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.2522
BPS. (2021). Simalungun Dalam Angka. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://shorturl.asia/h4zJR
Chen, X., Xia, M., Zeng, D., & Fan, X. (2023). Citrus Specialization or Crop Diversification: The Role of Smallholder’s Subjective Risk Aversion and Case Evidence from Guangxi, China. Horticulturae, 9(6), 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060627
Fan, H., Miao, R., Guo, C., Bao, X., He, W., Sun, Y., & Zhao, C. (2025). Research on the effect of diversified cropping on crop quality: A review. Agriculture, 15(5), 456. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15050456
Girdziute, L., Besuspariene, E., Nausediene, A., Novikova, A., Leppala, J., & Jakob, M. (2022). Youth’s (Un) willingness to work in agriculture sector. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 937657. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.937657
Hanif, Z., Lasitya, D. S., Mufidah, L., Fahmi, D. A., Laksono, P., Ikarini, I., Ashari, H., & others. (2025). Citrus development in rural Indonesia: Consumer trends and their impact on citrus farmer. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1518(1), 12012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1518/1/012012
Jacobi, J., Andres, C., Assaad, F. F., Bellon, S., Coquil, X., Doetterl, S., Esnarriaga, D. N., Ortiz-Vallejo, D., Rigolot, C., Rüegg, J., & others. (2025). Syntropic farming systems for reconciling productivity, ecosystem functions, and restoration. The Lancet Planetary Health, 9(4), e314--e325. Retrieved from https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(25)00047-6/fulltext
Kheam, S., Rubene, D., Markovic, D., Ith, S., Uk, O., Soung, S., & Ninkovic, V. (2024). The effects of cultivar mixtures on insect pest and natural enemy abundance, diseases, and yield in tropical soybean cropping system. Biological Control. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105571
Malá, M., Mollah, M. I., & Baishnab, M. (2020). Importance of intercropping for biodiversity conservation. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 10(2), 709–716. https://doi.org/10.18801/jstei.100220.71
Martin-Gorriz, B., Zabala, J. A., Sánchez-Navarro, V., Gallego-Elvira, B., Martínez-García, V., Alcon, F., & Maestre-Valero, J. F. (2022). Intercropping practices in mediterranean mandarin orchards from an environmental and economic perspective. Agriculture, 12(5), 574. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050574
Ngadi, N., Zaelany, A. A., Latifa, A., Harfina, D., Asiati, D., Setiawan, B., Ibnu, F., Triyono, T., & Rajagukguk, Z. (2023). Challenge of agriculture development in Indonesia: rural youth mobility and aging workers in agriculture sector. Sustainability, 15(2), 922. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15020922
Onodera, S.-I., Kimbi, S. B., Nozaki, S., Tomozawa, Y., Wang, K., Rusydi, A. F., & Saito, M. (2021). Impact of citrus agriculture on the quality of water resource in a small steep Island, Seto Inland Sea, Japan. GEOMATE Journal, 20(82), 109–114. Retrieved from https://geomatejournal.com/geomate/article/view/165
Permatananda, P. A. N. K., & Pandit, I. G. S. (2023). Characteristic of Orange Peel Waste-Based on Eco Enzyme at Different Fermentation Duration. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(6), 4289–4293. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i6.3527
Perrin, R. (1976). Pest management in multiple cropping systems. Agro-Ecosystems, 3, 93–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3746(76)90110-4
Peter, K. D., & Umweni, A. S. (2021). Evaluation of land suitability for citrus cultivation in Khana Local Government Area of Rivers State, Southern Nigeria. Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science), 6(1), 1–9. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/NzZBr
Poerwanto, M. E., Solichah, C., Wicaksono, D., Ulilalbab, A. R., & Ajri, M. (2024). Olfactory Response of Diaphorina citri on Guava Leaves Powder. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 28(2), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.96847
Puspitasari, I., Riana, F. D., & others. (2024). Sustainable Livelihood Strategy for Red Onion (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Farmers in Pajeng Village, Gondang District Bojonegoro Regency. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(12), 10568–10585. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i12.7584
Singarimbun, M., & Effendi, S. (1999). Metode Penelitian Survei. Edisi ke-2. Jakarta: LP3ES.
Tooker, J., & Frank, S. (2012). Genotypically diverse cultivar mixtures for insect pest management and increased crop yields. Journal of Applied Ecology, 49, 974–985. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2664.2012.02173.X
Tuwo, M., Kuswinanti, T., Nasruddin, A., & Tambaru, E. (2024). Uncovering the presence of CVPD disease in citrus varieties of South Sulawesi, Indonesia: A molecular approach. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 22(1), 100332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgeb.2023.100332
Wibisono, M., Nugroho, A. M., & Prabandari, S. P. (2024). Sustainable Management Strategy for Shifting Livelihoods from Charcoal Producer Communities to Coffee Farmers in Jatiarjo Village, Prigen District, Pasuruan Regency. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(12), 10456–10466. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i12.8468
Yanuartati, B. Y. E., Watan, K., Juniarsih, N., & Sari, N. M. W. (2023). Adaptation Strategies of Chili Farmer Households in Dealing with Covid-19. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(3), 1570–1577. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i3.3566
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Wahyunita Sitinjak

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).






