Analysis of Environmental Dynamic Factors During Salt Crystallization Process in Greenhouse Salt Tunnel (A Case Study in South Coastal and North Coastal East Java, Indonesia)
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i4.7131Published:
2025-04-25Downloads
Abstract
Salt is an essential commodity for both domestic use and industrial applications, with East Java Province in Indonesia playing a crucial role in national salt production. Traditional salt production methods, primarily based on natural evaporation, face challenges due to seasonal factors, particularly during the rainy season. This study investigates the environmental conditions affecting the salt crystallization process in the Greenhouse Salt Tunnel (GST) technology. Field experiments were conducted at two sites, Tuban Regency on the North Coast and Malang Regency on the South Coast, where key parameters such as air temperature, water temperature, humidity, wind speed, and evaporation rates were monitored three times daily. The findings showed that water temperatures within the GST ranged from 31 to 38°C on the North Coast and 26 to 38°C on the South Coast. Wind speeds varied between 1.5–2.4 m/s on the North Coast and 0.4–1.0 m/s on the South Coast, while humidity levels ranged from 54 to 80%. The GST system achieved a salt production rate of 6.4 kg/m² with NaCl content exceeding 94%, a significant improvement over traditional methods, which yield less than 70% NaCl. These results demonstrate that GST technology enhances both the quality and quantity of salt production, though design modifications are needed to address the dynamic coastal environment.
Keywords:
Greenhouse Salt Tunnel (GST) Salt Strategic commodity Traditional salt productionReferences
Adachi, K., & Buseck, P. R. (2015). Changes in Shape and Composition of Sea-Salt Particles Upon Aging in an Urban Atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment, 100, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.036
Akinaga, T., Generalis, S. C., Paton, C., Igobo, O. C., & Davies, P. A. (2018). Brine Utilisation for Cooling and Salt Production in Wind-Driven Seawater Greenhouses: Design and Modeling. Desalination, 426, 135-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2017.10.025
Amin, A. A., Yanuar, A. T., Salamah, L. N., & Kurniawan, A. (2021). Analysis of Salt Location Suitability in Tuban Regency, East Java by Using Salt Suitability Index (SSI). AIP Conference Proceedings, 2353, 030059. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0053079
Amin, A. A., Yanuar, A. T., Kurniaty, R., Hakim, L., Gatot, A., Amenan, K., & Kurniawan, A. (2023). Greenhouse Salt Tunnel as Innovation to Create Salt Production in the South Coast Malang Regency, Indonesia: Greenhouse Salt Tunnel as Innovation to Create Salt Production. Indonesian Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpal.2023.014.01.03
Aris, T., Mamahit, D. A., & Ras, A. R. (2022). Indonesian Salt Import Policy as a Threat and Opportunity in the Concept of Blue Economy in Indonesia. Jurnal Pamator: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Trunojoyo, 15(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.21107/pamator.v15i1.14239
Ariyani, A. H. M., Harianto, H., Suharno, S., & Syaukat, Y. (2020). Factors Affecting Technology Adoption of Geoisolator on Solar Saltworks in East Java Province. Agriekonomika, 9(1), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.21107/agriekonomika.v9i1.6856
Bagastyo, A., Sinatria, A., Anggrainy, A., Affandi, K., Kartika, S., & Nurhayati, E. (2021). Resources Recovery and Utilization of Bittern Wastewater from Salt Production: A Review of Recovery Technologies and Their Potential Application. Environmental Technology Reviews, 10(1), 295–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622515.2021.1995786
Bueger, C. (2015). What is Maritime Security? Marine Policy, 53, 159-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.12.005
Chapsos, I., & Malcolm, J. A. (2017). Maritime Security in Indonesia: Towards a Comprehensive Agenda? Marine Policy, 76, 178-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.11.033
Chun, H. C., Giménez, D., & Yoon, S. W. (2008). Morphology, Lacunarity, and Entropy of Intra-Aggregate Pores: Aggregate Size and Soil Management Effects. Geoderma, 146(1), 83-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.05.018
Ghalidza, N. M. B. (2020). Konsep Blue Economy Terhadap Pembangunan Ekonomi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 22(1), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.30811/ekonis.v22i1.1907
Gozan, M., Basri, F., Ningsih, Y., & Efendi, M. (2018). Hikayat Si Induk Bumbu, Jalan Panjang Swasembada Garam. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.036
Herho, S., Firdaus, G. A., & Siregar, P. M. (2017). Pengaruh Aspek Meterologi Terhadap Produksi Garam Air Payau di Desa Losarang, Kabupaten Indramayu. SEMIRAT MIPA. Unsrat Menado. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/n8wa9
Jaziri, A. A., Kurniawan, A., & Setiawan, W. (2017). Development of a Novel Greenhouse Salt Production System: A Review on Salt Crystallization and Evaporation Technologies. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 14(4), 809-818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-1107-9
Jaziri, A. A., Setiawan, W., Prihanto, A. A., & Kurniawan, A. (2018). Preliminary Design of a Low-Cost Greenhouse for Salt Production in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 137(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/137/1/012054
Kartika, A. G. D., Efendy, M., & Jayanthi, O. W. (2021). Evaporation Rate, Meteorological and Physical Condition of Salt Crystallizer Pond in Pamekasan, Indonesia. Journal Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Engineering, Social Science, and Health International Conference (UMGESHIC), 1(1), 116-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/umgeshic.v1i1.2729
Kurniawan, A., Amin, A. A., Yanuar, A. T., Pramudia, Z., Susanti, Y. A. D., Zamzami, I. M. A., Kurniaty, R., Hakim, L., Ardian, G., & Amenan, M. (2024). Exploring Viability and Innovation Requirements for Novel Salt Production: A Case Study of Kangen Beach, Malang Regency’s South Coast, Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2434667
Kurniawan, A., Jaziri, A. A., Amin, A. A., & Salamah, L. N. (2019a). Indeks Kesesuaian Garam untuk Menentukan Kesesuaian Lokasi Produksi Garam; Analisis Lokasi Produksi Garam di Kabupaten Tuban dan Probolinggo. J. Fisheries and Marine Research, 3(2), 236-244. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2019.003.02.14
Kurniawan, A., Syafii, M. I., Ardian, G., Jaziri, A. A., Amin, A. A., Budiyanto, B., Amenan, M., Lutfi, N. S., & Wahyu, B. S. (2019b). Continuously Dynamic Mixing (CDM) Method and Greenhouse Salt Tunnel (GST) Technology for Sea Salt Production Throughout the Year. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 11(2), 82–91. https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v11i2.13480
Kurniawan, T., & Azizi, A. (2012). Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Petani Tambak Garam di Kabupaten Sampang dan Sumenep. Jurnal Masyarakat & Budaya, 14(3), 499-518.
Mahasin, Z. M., Rochwulaningsih, Y., & Sulistiyono, S. T. (2020). Coastal Ecosystem as Salt Production Centre in Indonesia. E3S Web of Con., 202, 07042. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020207042
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. (2021). KKP Dorong Kemandirian Garam Nasional. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved from https://kkp.go.id/artikel/31948-kkp-dorong-kemandirian-garam-nasional
Nurwadjedi, N., Rosalina, L., & Wibisono, Y. (2019). Membangun Satu Peta untuk Penataan Ruang. Seminar Nasional Geomatika, 3, 157-166. http://dx.doi.org/10.24895/SNG.2018.3-0.946
Onie, W. J., Ary, D. K., & Allicya, I. P. (2021). Karakteristik Fisik Tanah Tambak Garam Pamekasan. J. Fisheries and Marine Research, 5(2), 223-226. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2021.005.02.6
Punanto, S. H., Suadi, S., & Ustadi, U. (2020). Salt Supply Chain Management at Regional Level: Case Study of Salt Processing Industry and Salt Consumer Industry in Central Java. Jurnal Perikanan, 22(1), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.41194
Purbani, D. (2003). Buku Panduan Pembuatan Garam Bermutu. Jakarta: Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan.
Purbani, D. (2006). Proses Pembentukan Kristal Garam. Jakarta: Pusat Riset wilayah Laut dan Non Hayati. Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan.
Rusdi, R. (2018). The Effect Factors of Supply Salt in Indonesia. Scientific Journal of Reflection: Economic, Accounting, Management and Bussines, 1(2), 141-150. https://doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v1i2.132
Santosa, I. (2014). Pembuatan Garam Menggunakan Kolam Kedap Air Berukuran Sama. Spektrum Industri, 12(1), 1-112. https://doi.org/10.12928/si.v12i1.1652
Sasongko, B., & Satrianto, A. (2021). Factors Affecting Income Salt Farmers on the Island Madura. Webology, 18, 177-185. https://doi.org/10.14704/WEB/V18SI03/WEB18033
Sudaryana, B., & Pramesti, P. (2018). The Strategy of Welfare Improvement for Salt Farmers in Indonesia. MATEC Web of Conf., 150, 05062. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815005062
Sui, L., Wang, J., Yang, X., & Wang, Z. (2020). Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Coastline Changes in Indonesia from 1990 to 2018. Sustainability, 12(8), 3242. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083242
Sumarmi, S., Bachri, S., Irawan, L. Y., & Fathoni, M. N. (2020). Spatio-Temporal Salt Ponds in Madura Island in 2009-2019 for Managing Sustainable Coastal Environments. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 412, 012008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755/1315/412/1/012008
Tambunan, R. B., Hariyadi, H., & Santoso, A. (2012). Evaluasi Kesesuaian Tambak Garam Ditinjau dari Aspek Fisik di Kecamatan Juwana Kabupaten Pati. Journal of Marine Research, 1(2), 181-187. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2021.005.02.1
Umam, F., Budiarto, H., Wahyuni, S. (2019). Controller Optimization Evaporation Process of Salt Solution in Greenhouse Using Fuzzy Logic Controller. International Journal of Science, Engineering, and Information Technology, 4(1), 156-158. https://doi.org/10.21107/ijseit.v4i1.6553
Witomo, C. M., Harahab, N., & Kuniawan, A. (2020). Nilai Manfaat Pariwisata Ekosistem Terumbu Karang Taman Wisata Perairan Gita Nada Sekotong Lombok. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 15(2), 169-184. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v15i2.9234
Wolters, O. W. (2011). Kemaharajaan Maritim Sriwijaya dan Perniagaan Dunia Abad III-Abad VII. Diterjemahkan oleh: Edy Sembodo. New York: Cornell University Press.
Yusuf, S., Chenlin, Z., Renyuan, L., Sifei, Z., Yong, J., Le, S., Seunghyun, H., Jian, C., Chisiang, O., Peng, W. (2018). Solar Evaporator with Controlled Salt Precipitation for Zero Liquid Discharge Desalination. Envio Sci Tech, 52(20), 11822-11830. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03300
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Abd Aziz Amin, Adi Tiya Yanuar, Zulkisam Pramudia, Yogita Ayu Dwi Susanti, Ilham Misbakudin AL Zamzami, Lutfi Ni’matus Salamah, Riski Agung Lestariadi, Lukman Hakim, Gatot Ardian, Mokh Hanifuddin, Andi Kurniawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
