Application of The Rules-in-Use Concept in the Analysis of Regulations on Forest and Land Rehabilitation (Reforestation)
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i11.8648Published:
2025-11-30Downloads
Abstract
Indonesia faces the problem of forest degradation, with Forest and Land Rehabilitation (FLR) being one of the key efforts undertaken to address it. This study analyzes the formal institutional framework governing FLR implementation in Indonesia using the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework, focusing on Ostrom’s concept of rules-in-use. Content analysis was conducted on four main regulations: Law No. 41 of 1999, Government Regulation No. 26 of 2020, Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.2 of 2020, and Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.23 of 2021. The findings show that seven types of institutional rules, position, boundary, choice, aggregation, information, scope, and payoff rules, are included in these regulations, but they are not yet fully synchronized. The distribution of roles among actors remains overlapping, coordination mechanisms are weak, and incentive rules are not clearly defined. Moreover, the regulations tend to emphasize administrative and physical aspects of planting rather than ecological and social outcomes. Weaknesses in this rules-in-form structure create unstable action arenas and reduce policy effectiveness. This study highlights that the success of FLR is determined not only by technical aspects but also by the clarity and consistency of formal rules. Harmonization of regulations, strengthened cross-actor coordination, and transparency of information are needed to ensure that FLR implementation supports the sustainable restoration of the forest’s ecological and social functions
Keywords:
Forest and Land Rehabilitation (FLR), Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework, Rules-in-use, Forest policyReferences
Affandi, O., Kartodihardjo, H., Nugroho, B., & Ekawati, S. (2021). Institutional analysis of forest governance after the implementation of Law Number 23/2014 in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Forest and Society, 5(2), 304–325. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v5i2.8755
Agrawal, A., & Gibson, C. C. (1999). Enchantment and Disenchantment: The Role of Community in Natural Resource Conservation. World Development, 27(4), 629–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00161-2
Agustinus, I., B., & Mujahiddin, D. E. (2013). Implementasi Kegiatan Penghijauan dalam Program Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan (RHL) di Kecamatan Sekolaq Darat Kabupaten Kutai Barat. Jurnal Agrifor, 12(2), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.31293/af.v12i2.329
Attarik, N., Pamoengkas, P., Rachmat, H. H., & Susilowati, A. (2024). Potential Use of Shorea leprosula for Rehabilitation of Degraded Tropical Production Forest Ecosystems. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 12(2), 519–531. https://doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v12i2.861
Badi’ah., K., H., N., B., & Supriyanto, B. (2022). The Use of Ostrom’s Concept on Rules-in-Use in the Analysis of Regulation of Natural Tourism Utilization in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/950/1/012069
Basurto, X., Weible, C. M., & Kingsley, G. (2010). A Systematic Approach to Institutional Analysis: Applying Crawford and Ostrom’s Grammar. Political Research Quarterly, 63(3), 523–537. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912909334430
Budiprakoso, B., Ichwandi, I., & Rusdiana, O. (2021). Institutional Analysis of Protection Forest Area’s Land Use Pattern in the North Bandung Area, Bandung Regency. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 11(3), 463–473. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.11.3.463-475
Cole, D. H. (2017). Laws, Norms, and the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework. Journal of Institutional Economics, 13(4), 829–847. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137417000030
Crawford, S. E. S., & Ostrom, E. (1995). A grammar of institutions. American Political Science Review, 89(3), 582–600. https://doi.org/10.2307/2082975
Damanik, E. M., Hardiansyah, G., & Roslinda, E. (2024). Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Adat di Desa Setungkup Kecamatan Ketungau Hilir Kabupaten Sintang. Jurnal Lingkungan Hidup Tropis, 3(4), 623–631. Retrieved from https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jlht/article/view/92868/0
Damanik, S. E., & Purwoko, A. (2023). Planning Counseling Methods in Supporting Sustainable Forestry Development in Simalungun Regency. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(4), 2164–2172. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i4.3145
Faathir, L. A. M., Santoso, N., & Putri, E. I. K. (2025). Key Drivers of Mangrove Rehabilitation Success in Ujungalang Village, Indonesia: A MICMAC-Based Stakeholder Analysis. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(8), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.11581
Gitahapsari, D., & Rahman, A. Z. (2016). Implementasi Program Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan Melalui Kegiatan Hutan Rakyat di Desa Kalisidi Kecamatan Ungaran Barat Kabupaten Semarang. Jurnal Management & Public Policy, 5(3), 447–460. https://doi.org/10.14710/jppmr.v5i3.12561
Hamidah, R. H., Adhya, I., Deni, H., Y., S., T., H., N., I., A.Y., & Nurlaili, A. (2023). Peran Masyarakat terhadap Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan: Sudi di Desa Dukuhdalem, Jepara, Kuningan. Jurnal Penelitian Universitas Kuningan, 14(2), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.25134/logika.v14i02.7843
Handitya, B., & Rufaida, K. K. (2020). Revitalisasi Ketentuan Tindak Pidana Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Perusakan Hutan. Jurnal Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 49(3), 272–279. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.49.3.2020.272-279
Insusanty, E., & Sadjati, E. (2017). Sistem Insentif Jasa Lingkungan di Hutan Larangan Adat Rumbio Kabupaten Kampar, Riau. Wahana Forestra: Jurnal Kehutanan, 12(1), 56–75. https://doi.org/10.31849/forestra.v12i1.203
Jatmiko, A., Sadono, R., & Faida, L. R. W. (2012). Evaluasi Kegiatan Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan Menggunakan Analisis Multikriteria (Studi Kasus di Desa Butuh Kidul Kecamatan Kalikajar, Kabupaten Wonosobo, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 6(1), 30–44. https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.3307
Kartodihardjo, H. (2006). Masalah Kelembagaan dan Arah Kebijakan Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan. Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan, 3(1), 29–41. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/k81LZ
Lammers, I., & Heldeweg, M. A. (2016). Smart Design Rules for Smart Grids: Analysing Local Smart Grid Development Through an Empirico-Legal Institutional Lens. Journal Energy, Sustainability and Society, 6(36), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-016-0102-z
Lestari, P., Rachmansyah, A., Efani, A., & Koentjoro, M. P. (2023). Sustainability Analysis of Farming Roads for Increased Food Security (Case Study on Woro Village, Kepohbaru Subdistrict, Bojonegoro Regency. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(Special Issue), 1316–1327. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9iSpecialIssue.6420
Lutfi, A., Atmosoemarto, M., & Supriono, B. (2014). Persepsi dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Kegiatan Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan di Kabupaten Bogor (Studi Kasus Pembangunan Kebun Bibit Rakyat di Kecamatan Pamijahan. Jurnal Nusa Sylva, 14(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.31938/jns.v14i1.139
Markum., S., T., I., M.H., A., I.M.L., F., M.Y., & Rahman, F. A. (2025). Agroforestry Practices and Community Resilience to The Impact of Climate Change in Sesaot Forest Area, Lombok, Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(5), 849–859. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i5.11258
Mawazin., P., P., D., Heriansyah, & Dewi, R. (2024). Restorasi 15 Tahun: Analisis Komposisi, Potensi, dan Keanekaragam Jenis di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango Jawa Barat. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 21(2), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.59465/jpht.v21i2.399
McGinnis, M. D. (2010). An Introduction to IAD and he Language of the Ostrom Workshop: A Simple Guide to a Complex Framework for the Analysis of Institutions and their Development. Policy Studies Journal, 39(1), 169–183. https://doi.org/10..1111/j.1541-0072.2010.00401.x
Muhtada, D., & Diniyanto, A. (2021). Penataan Regulasi di Indonesia Melalui Lembaga Independen. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Hukum, 16(2), 278–290. https://doi.org/10.15294/pandecta.v16i2.31866
Muyassaroh, & Suyanto, S. (2023). Content Analysis of YouTube Videos Knowledge of Biology for Class XI SMA on the GIA Academy Channel. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(12), 11936–11942. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i12.5160
Nabilah, R. S., & Jumadi, J. (2022). A Study of Content Analysis: Trends of Educational Research for Physics Courses in Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(1), 393–400. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i1.1293
Nawir, A. A., Murniati, & Rumboko, L. (2008). Rehabilitasi Hutan di Indonesia, Akan Kemanakah Arahnya Setelah Lebih dari Tiga Dasawarsa. Bogor: CIFOR.
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. United States: Pearson Education Limited.
Nugroho, B. (2010). Pembangunan Kelembagaan Pinjaman Dana Bergulir Hutan Rakyat. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 16(3), 118–125. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.16.3.%25p
Nugroho, B. (2016). Kelembagaan, Karakteristik Sumberdaya, dan Perilaku Aktor: Analisis Kritis Kebijakan Pengelolaan Hutan Indonesia. Orasi Ilmiah Guru Besar. IPB University.
Nugroho, P., Numata, S., & Aprilianto, N. A. (2020). Jasa Ekosistem Berbasis Hutan yang Diterima dan Sikap terhadap Rehabilitasi Hutan: Studi Kasus di Hulu Daerah Aliran Sungai di Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 14(1), 185–197. https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.61402
Ostrom, E. (2005). Understanding Institutional Diversity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Pareira, M. Y. P., Kartodihardjo, H., & Bahruni. (2020). Ecosystem Restoration Policy in Production Forest and Its Implementation in Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 26(3), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.26.3.201
Poteete, A. R., Janssen, M. A., & Ostrom, E. (2010). Working Together: Collective Action, the Commons, and Multiple Methods in Practice. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400835157
Putra, B., & Harahap, M. R. (2024). Kewenangan Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen dalam Penandatanganan Kontrak Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah. Milthree Law Journal, 1(3), 390–410. https://doi.org/10.70565/mlj.v1i3.26
Rahmawati, A. D., & Elias. (2024). Studi Literatur Metode Rehabilitasi Lahan Hutan di Indonesia. Jurnal ForestrIndo, 2(1), 174–191. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/forestrindo-journal/article/view/62211
Salaka, F. J., Alviya, I., Suryandari, E. Y., Nurfatriani, F., & Muttaqin, M. Z. (2020). Efektivitas Kelembagaan Pengelolaan Hutan Tanaman Rakyat di Tingkat Lokal. Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan, 17(1), 75–92. https://doi.org/10.20886/jakk.2019.17.1.75-92
Serrano, M. D. M. D., & Ramos, P. A. (2015). Making Ostrom’s Framework Applicable to Characterise Social Ecological Systems at the Local Level. International Journal of the Commons, 9(2), 808–830. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.567
Setiawan, O., & Krisnawati. (2014). Pemilihan Jenis Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu Potensial Dalam Rangka Rehabilitasi Hutan Lindung (Studi Kasus Kawasan Hutan Lindung KPHL Rinjani Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 8(2), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.10165
Siswantoro, R. D., Kartodihardjo, H., Hendrayanto, & Darusman, D. (2021). Penggunaan Konsep Rules-In-Use Ostrom dalam Analisis Peraturan Pemanfaatan Air di Kawasan Konservasi: Studi Kasus Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Gede Pangrango. Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan, 18(2), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.20866/jakk.2021.18.2.91-104
Sulastiyo, D., Kartodihardjo, H., & Soedomo, S. (2016). Efektivitas Implementasi Kebijakan Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 7(3), 181–187. https://doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.7.3.181-187
Sulistyowati, D., Hernani., S., A., F., A., & Aulia, A. (2024). Sustainability Development in the Context of Edible Coating for Fruits and Vegetables in Chemistry Learning: Qualitative Content Analysis. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(10), 8263–8275. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.8846
Sumarjono, E., & Purnomo, H. (2016). Tumpang Tindih Kepentingan Lahan Kehutanan dan Pertambangan Antara Peraturan dan Pelaksanaannya. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional: Managemen Energi Untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan di Indonesia. (10th RETII) (pp. 252–261). Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/vAwD7
Surtiani, Y., & Budiati, L. (2015). Evaluasi Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan (RHL) di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Juwana pada Kawasan Gunung Muria Kabupaten Pato. Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah Dan Kota, 11(1), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v11i1.8662
Suwarno, E., Kartodihardjo, H., Kolopaking, L. M., & Soedomo, S. (2014). Institutional Obstacles on the Development of Forest Management Unit: The Case of Indonesian Tasik Besar Serkap. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2(2), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.12691/env-2-2-3
Suwarno, E., Kartodihardjo, H., Kolopaking, L. M., & Soedomo, S. (2015). Penggunaan Konsep Rules-In-Use Ostrom dalam Analisis Peraturan Pembentukan Organisasi Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan. Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan, 12(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.20886/jakk.2015.12.1.13-26
Tanjung, N. S., Sadono, D., & Wibowo, C. T. (2017). Tingkat Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Nagari di Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 13(1), 14–30. https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v13i1.12990
Wahyuni, H., & Suranto. (2021). Dampak Deforestasi Hutan Skala Besar terhadap Pemanasan Global di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan, 6(1), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.14710/jiip.v6i1.10083
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizki Sukarman Sawaka, Bramasto Nugroho, Iin Ichwandi, Budhy Setiawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
