Development of E-Learning Materials Assisted by Augmented Reality in the Science Subject of Changing Energy Forms to Improve Learning Outcomes of Elementary School Students

Authors

Lulus Wiji Lestari , Novi Setyasto

DOI:

10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10420

Published:

2025-03-25

Issue:

Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): March

Keywords:

Augmented reality, Changing the form of energy, E-teaching materials, Science

Research Articles

Downloads

How to Cite

Lestari, L. W., & Setyasto, N. (2025). Development of E-Learning Materials Assisted by Augmented Reality in the Science Subject of Changing Energy Forms to Improve Learning Outcomes of Elementary School Students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(3), 385–396. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10420
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Downloads

Metrics

PDF views
56
Mar 25 '25Mar 28 '25Mar 31 '25Apr 01 '25Apr 04 '25Apr 07 '25Apr 10 '25Apr 13 '25Apr 16 '25Apr 19 '25Apr 22 '257.0
|

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of augmented reality (AR)-based e-learning materials to enhance student learning outcomes. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Borg and Gall model, the study involved students from Podorejo 02 Elementary School. Feasibility was assessed through expert validation, which indicated the e-learning materials were "very feasible." Practicality was determined through teacher and student questionnaires, revealing "very positive" satisfaction levels. Effectiveness was demonstrated via a t-test, yielding a significant result (p < 0.05) and a moderate N-gain. The findings confirm that AR-based e-learning materials are feasible, practical, and effective in improving science learning outcomes for elementary school students.

References

Abdulrahaman, M. D., Faruk, N., Oloyede, A. A., Surajudeen-Bakinde, N. T., Olawoyin, L. A., Mejabi, O. V., Imam-Fulani, Y. O., Fahm, A. O., & Azeez, A. L. (2020). Multimedia tools in the teaching and learning processes: A systematic review. Heliyon, 6(11), e05312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05312

Akram, H., Abdelrady, A. H., Al-Adwan, A. S., & Ramzan, M. (2022). Teachers’ Perceptions of Technology Integration in Teaching-Learning Practices: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(June), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920317

Al-Ansi, A. M., Jaboob, M., Garad, A., & Al-Ansi, A. (2023). Analyzing augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) recent development in education. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 8(1), 100532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100532

Al Shloul, T., Mazhar, T., Abbas, Q., Iqbal, M., Ghadi, Y. Y., Shahzad, T., Mallek, F., & Hamam, H. (2024). Role of activity-based learning and ChatGPT on students’ performance in education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100219

Alyoussef, I. Y. (2023). Acceptance of e-learning in higher education: The role of task-technology fit with the information systems success model. Heliyon, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13751

Alzahrani, N. M. (2020). Augmented reality: A systematic review of its benefits and challenges in e-learning contexts. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 10(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165660

Ang, K. C. S., Afzal, F., & Crawford, L. H. (2021). Transitioning from passive to active learning: Preparing future project leaders. Project Leadership and Society, 2, 100016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2021.100016

Anggraini, D. L., Yulianti, M., Faizah, S. N., & Pandiangan, A. P. B. (2022). Peran Guru Dalam Mengembangan Kurikulum Merdeka. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Sosial, 1(3), 290–298. https://doi.org/10.58540/jipsi.v1i3.53

Carmi, G. (2024). E-Learning using zoom: A study of students’ attitude and learning effectiveness in higher education. Heliyon, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30229

Darling-Hammond, L., Schachner, A. C. W., Wojcikiewicz, S. K., & Flook, L. (2024). Educating teachers to enact the science of learning and development. Applied Developmental Science, 28(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2022.2130506

De Jong, L., Meirink, J., & Admiraal, W. (2019). School-based teacher collaboration: Different learning opportunities across various contexts. Teaching and Teacher Education, 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102925

De Moraes Rossetto, A. G., Martins, T. C., Silva, L. A., Leithardt, D. R. F., Bermejo-Gil, B. M., & Leithardt, V. R. Q. (2023). An analysis of the use of augmented reality and virtual reality as educational resources. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 31(6), 1761–1775. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22671

Farizi, M. F. Al, Sudiyanto, & Hartono. (2019). Analysis of Indonesian Language Learning Obstacles in Primary Schools. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 5(4), 663–669. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.5.4.663

Fearn, W., & Hook, J. (2023). a Service Design Thinking Approach: What Are the Barriers and Opportunities of Using Augmented Reality for Primary Science Education? Journal of Technology and Science Education, 13(1), 329–351. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1394

Firmansyah, A., & Jiwandono, N. R. (2022). Kecenderungan Guru dalam Menerapkan Pendekatan Student Centre Learning dan Teacher Centre Learning dalam Pembelajaran. Jurnal Guru Indonesia, 2(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.51817/jgi.v2i1.229

Grassini, S. (2023). Shaping the Future of. Education Sciences, 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070692

Hafizhah, F. J., & Setyasto, N. (2024). Augmented Reality-Assisted Scrapbook Media Development in Natural and Social Science Learning. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(7), 4149–4157. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i7.7258

Jaya Saragih, M., Mas Rizky Yohannes Cristanto, R., Effendi, Y., & Zamzami, E. M. (2020). Application of Blended Learning Supporting Digital Education 4.0. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1566(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1566/1/012044

Kamińska, D., Zwoliński, G., Laska-Leśniewicz, A., Raposo, R., Vairinhos, M., Pereira, E., Urem, F., Ljubić Hinić, M., Haamer, R. E., & Anbarjafari, G. (2023). Augmented Reality: Current and New Trends in Education. Electronics (Switzerland), 12(16), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12163531

Katawazai, R. (2021). Implementing outcome-based education and student-centered learning in Afghan public universities: the current practices and challenges. Heliyon, 7(5), e07076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07076

Kohl, K., Hopkins, C., Barth, M., Michelsen, G., Dlouhá, J., Razak, D. A., Abidin Bin Sanusi, Z., & Toman, I. (2022). A whole-institution approach towards sustainability: a crucial aspect of higher education’s individual and collective engagement with the SDGs and beyond. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 23(2), 218–236. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-10-2020-0398

Lee, K., Jeong, Y., & Yoon, B. (2017). Developing an research and development (R&D) process improvement system to simulate the performance of R&D activities. Computers in Industry, 92–93, 178–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2017.08.001

Lestari, N., Winarsih, M., & Kusumawardani, D. (2023). The Use of Meaningful Learning in Distance Learning. JTP - Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 25(1), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v25i1.33701

Meccawy, M. (2023). Teachers’ prospective attitudes towards the adoption of extended reality technologies in the classroom: Interests and concerns. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00256-8

Mu’afiqoh, E. B., & Wachidah, K. (2024). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Siswa Kelas II dengan Augmented Reality. Teaching, Learning and Development, 2(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.62672/telad.v2i2.35

Mystakidis, S., Berki, E., & Valtanen, J. P. (2021). Deep and meaningful e-learning with social virtual reality environments in higher education: A systematic literature review. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052412

O’Connor, Y., & Mahony, C. (2023). Exploring the impact of augmented reality on student academic self-efficacy in higher education. Computers in Human Behavior, 149(September), 107963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107963

Peikos, G., & Sofianidis, A. (2024). What Is the Future of Augmented Reality in Science Teaching and Learning? An Exploratory Study on Primary and Pre-School Teacher Students’ Views. Education Sciences, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14050480

Prasetya, F., Fortuna, A., Samala, A. D., Rawas, S., Mystakidis, S., Syahril, Waskito, Primawati, Wulansari, R. E., & Kassymova, G. K. (2024). The impact of augmented reality learning experiences based on the motivational design model: A meta-analysis. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 10(February), 100926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100926

Roopa, D., Prabha, R., & Senthil, G. A. (2020). Revolutionizing education system with interactive augmented reality for quality education. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 3860–3863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.294

Sailer, M., Murböck, J., & Fischer, F. (2021). Digital learning in schools: What does it take beyond digital technology? Teaching and Teacher Education, 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103346

Salabi, A. S. (2022). Efektivitas Dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Sekolah. Education Achievement: Journal of Science and Research, 1(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.51178/jsr.v1i1.177

Singh, G., & Ahmad, F. (2024). An interactive augmented reality framework to enhance the user experience and operational skills in electronics laboratories. Smart Learning Environments, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00287-1

Suratno, J., Sari, D. P., & Bani, A. (2022). Kurikulum dan Model-model Pengembangannya. Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Matematika, 2(1), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.33387/jpgm.v2i1.4129

Toli, G., & Kallery, M. (2021). Enhancing student interest to promote learning in science: the case of the concept of energy. Education Sciences, 11(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11050220

Tom Dieck, M. C., Cranmer, E., Prim, A., & Bamford, D. (2024). Can augmented reality (AR) applications enhance students’ experiences? Gratifications, engagement and learning styles. Information Technology and People, 37(3), 1251–1278. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-10-2021-0823

Wahyu, Y., Edu, A. L., & Nardi, M. (2020). Problematika Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 6(1), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v6i1.344

Wang, X., Abdul Rahman, M. N. B., & Nizam Shaharom, M. S. (2024). The impacts of augmented reality technology integrated STEM preschooler module for teaching and learning activity on children in China. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2343527

Yu, H. (2024). The application and challenges of ChatGPT in educational transformation: New demands for teachers’ roles. Heliyon, 10(2), e24289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24289

Zhao, X., Ren, Y., & Cheah, K. S. L. (2023). Leading Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) in Education: Bibliometric and Content Analysis From the Web of Science (2018–2022). SAGE Open, 13(3), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231190821

Author Biographies

Lulus Wiji Lestari, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Novi Setyasto, Universitas Negeri Semarang

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Lulus Wiji Lestari, Novi Setyasto

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).