The Influence of Experimental Learning Models on Cognitive Learning Outcomes in Energy Transformation Material in the Independent Curriculum

Authors

Fatimatuzzahro , Farid Ahmadi

DOI:

10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10510

Published:

2025-03-25

Issue:

Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): March

Keywords:

Cognitive learning outcomes, Energy transformation, Experimental learning

Research Articles

Downloads

How to Cite

Fatimatuzzahro, & Ahmadi, F. (2025). The Influence of Experimental Learning Models on Cognitive Learning Outcomes in Energy Transformation Material in the Independent Curriculum. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(3), 364–373. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10510
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Downloads

Metrics

PDF views
51
Mar 25 '25Mar 28 '25Mar 31 '25Apr 01 '25Apr 04 '25Apr 07 '25Apr 10 '25Apr 13 '25Apr 16 '25Apr 19 '25Apr 22 '257.0
|

Abstract

This study aims to test the effect of experimental learning models on the cognitive learning outcomes of 4th grade elementary school students on the material of energy transformation in the Independent Curriculum. Quantitative methods with quasi-experimental designs were used, involving all 4th grade elementary school students in Tugu District, Semarang City, divided into experimental and control classes. The experimental class was taught using an experimental learning model, while the control class used the lecture method. Cognitive learning outcomes were measured using tests that included indicators of essential competency achievement in the material of energy transformation. Data were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, t tests, N-Gain tests, and hypothesis tests to compare the average post-test scores between the two groups. The results showed a significant difference between students' cognitive learning outcomes in the two groups. The data obtained in the t stat column or tcount was 4.005, and the Critical two-tail or ttable was 1.972. The tcount > ttable = 4.005 > 1.972 was obtained based on this. So, it can be concluded that, with a significance level of 5%, Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. This study concludes that the experimental learning model positively affects students' cognitive learning outcomes on energy transformation material in the Independent Curriculum and can be an effective alternative to improve cognitive learning outcomes

References

Abraham, I., & Supriyati, Y. (2022). Desain Kuasi Eksperimen Dalam Pendidikan: Literatur Review. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.58258/jime.v8i3.3800

Ahmadi, F., Hapsari, I. P., Rozi, F., & Bishop, C. (2019). Improving Australian Students’ Cognitive Critical Literacy Through E-Bipa Based on Android. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 9(5), 119–128. Retrieved from https://lib.unnes.ac.id/42404/

Ahmadi, F., Isdaryanti, B., Rachmadtullah, R., Shofwan, I., & Zulfaturrohmah, F. (2021). The Effectiveness of Blended Learning Model Integrated with Inquiry-Based Learning Framework in Understanding Pre-Service Elementary School Teachers’ Social Competence. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 3739–3745. Retrieved from https://www.ieomsociety.org/singapore2021/papers/677.pdf

Ahmadi, F., Mulyono, S. E., Al-Ghamdi, B. A. A. R., & Harjunowibowo, D. (2020). Comparative Study of the Development of Android-Based Flipped Classroom Model Between Jeddah and Indonesia. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 10(2), 542–547. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.2.11447

Akareem, H. S., & Hossain, S. S. (2016). Determinants of education quality: what makes students’ perception different? Open Review of Educational Research, 3(1), 52–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2016.1155167

Amrullah, M. (2021). Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Eksperimen untuk Meningkatkan Ketelitian dan Prestasi Belajar. Jurnal Imiah Teknologi Pendidikan, 11(2), 289–301. https://doi.org/10.33369/diadik.v11i2.18526

Andryannisa, M. A. (2023). Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa dengan Menggunakan Metode Resitasi pada Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak di SD Islam Riyadhul Jannah Depok. Pediaqu: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Dan Humaniora, 2(3), 1–15. Retrieved from https://publisherqu.com/index.php/pediaqu/article/view/393

Astuti, Y., & Nurhafizah, N. (2023). Pengembangan Kemampuan Sains Anak melalui Metode Eksperimen di Taman Kanak-Kanak. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(5), 5329–5342. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i5.5247

Ayubi, T. A., Kadri, H. A., Fitria, Y., & Rahmi, U. (2024). Recognizing Each Student’s Unique Learning Style : Adapting the Brain-Based Learning Approach in Natural and Social Science Learning. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(12), 10161–10168. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i12.9657

Bintoro, T., Fahrurrozi, F., Sari, Y., Hasanah, U., & Syahdan, A. (2022). the Implementation of Experimental Methods To Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Elementary Science Learning: Literature Review. EduHumaniora Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 14(2), 190–199. https://doi.org/10.17509/eh.v14i2.45579

Chew, S. L., & Cerbin, W. J. (2021). The cognitive challenges of effective teaching. Journal of Economic Education, 52(1), 17–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2020.1845266

Dakhi, A. S. (2020). Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa melalui Metode PAKEM. Jurnal Education and Development, 8(2), 283–294. Retrieved from https://journal.ipts.ac.id/index.php/ED/article/view/1758

Dauly, N. I., Wuryani, M. T., Muslim, R. I., & Nurani, D. C. (2024). Problematika Pembelajaran IPAS Kelas V SD N 1 Wonokerso. Jurnal Inovasi Sekolah Dasar, 11(1). Retrieved from https://jisd.ejournal.unsri.ac.id/index.php/JISD/article/view/53/17

Desiyanti, V., & Nugroho, I. A. (2024). The Influence of the Problem Based Learning Model on the Scientific Attitudes and Science Learning Outcomes of Fifth Grade Elementary School Students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.8623

Efendi, N., & Putri, L. (2022). Studi Literature Kesulitan Siswa pada Pembelajaran IPA Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling, 4(6), 13084–13089. https://doi.org/10.31004/jpdk.v4i6.10700

Fauziah. (2022). Penerapan Metode Eksperimen Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA pada Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sejarah, Sosial, Budaya Dan Kependidikan, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.33059/jsnbl.v10i2.6350

Fitriani, S. R., Doyan, A., Taufik, M., & Wahyudi, W. (2024). The Effect of the Guided Inquiry Model Assisted by PhET Media on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(6), 3527–3532. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i6.4852

Gantina, N. (2020). Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Eksperimen terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Pembelajaran IPA Kelas V di Sdn 2 Walantaka. TULIP (Tulisan Ilmiah Pendidikan), 9(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.54438/tulip.v9i1.173

Hanifah, Q. H., Wijayanti, A. R., Shofiyatun, S., & Setiawaty, R. (2022). Kemampuan Guru dalam Melakukan Variasi Belajar Pada Pembelajaran Tematik di Sekolah Dasar. Seminar Nasional LPPM Ummat, 588–598. Retrieved from https://journal.ummat.ac.id/index.php/semnaslppm/article/view/9833

Isiker, Y., & Emre, I. (2020). Examining Elementary School Students’ Scientific Process Skills. Disiplinlerarası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(8). https://doi.org/10.33059/jsnbl.v10i2.6350

Kalangi, V. P., & Zakwandi, R. (2023). Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Eksperimen untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa. PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas, 3(2), 266–276. https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v3i2.218

Khalida, B. R., & Astawan, I. G. (2021). Penerapan Metode Eksperimen untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas VI SD. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Profesi Guru, 4(2), 182–189. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jippg.v4i2

Laar, E. Van, Deursen, A. J. A. M., van Dijk, J. A. G. M., & de Haan, J. (2020). Determinants of 21st-Century Skills and 21st-Century Digital Skills for Workers: A Systematic Literature Review. SAGE, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900176

Lestari, K. E., & Yudhanegara, M. R. (2018). Penelitian Pendidikan Matematika. Refika Aditama.

Loilatu, S. H., Mukadar, S., Kasmawati, & Hentihu, V. R. (2021). Strategi Belajar Mengajar Dengan Menerapkan Metode Eksperimen Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar IPA Di SD Alhilaal Samalagi. Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 99(99), 65–73. https://doi.org/doi.org/educendikia.v1n1.2021

Monteiro, V., Carvalho, C., & Santos, N. N. (2021). Creating a Supportive Classroom Environment Through Effective Feedback: Effects on Students’ School Identification and Behavioral Engagement. Frontiers in Education, 6(7). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.661736

Mulyati, S. (2020). Penerapan Metode Eksperimen Dan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Pembelajaran IPA Dalam Mendeskripsikan Sifat-Sifat Cahaya Pada Siswa Kelas V SD. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series, 3(4), 696. https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v3i4.54389

Mursyid, R., Tasti Adri, H., & Helmanto, F. (2024). Pengaruh Kemampuan Berpikir Ilmiah Dalam Literasi Sains Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Ipa Kelas Vi Sdn Benda Kecamatan Cicurug Sukabumi. Al-Kaff: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora, 2(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.30997/alkaff.v2i1.11274

Nadeem, M., Oroszlanyova, M., & Farag, W. (2023). Effect of Digital Game-Based Learning on Student Engagement and Motivation. Computers, 12(9), 177. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12090177

Nurmayani, L., Doyan, A., & Verawati, N. N. S. P. (2018). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Peserta Didik. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 4(2), 2–7. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v4i2.113

Nuryani, S., Maula, L. H., & Nurmeta, I. K. (2023). Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar Dalam Pembelajaran IPAS di Sekolah Dasar. DISCOURSE: Indonesian Journal of Social Studies and Education, 4(2), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.69875/djosse.v1i1.103

OECD. (2022). Pisa 2022 Results The State of Learning and Equity in Education. In OECD (Vol. 1, Issue 183). https://doi.org/10.22201/iisue.24486167e.2024.183.61714

Oma. (2021). Penerapan Metode Eksperimen Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Ipa Tentang Pengaruh Gaya Dalam Mengubah Gerak Suatu Benda. Jurnal Pedagogiana, 8(84). https://doi.org/10.47601/ajp.33

Ong, S. G. T., & Quek, G. C. L. (2023). Enhancing teacher–student interactions and student online engagement in an online learning environment. Learning Environments Research, 26(3), 681–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-022-09447-5

Oviana, P., Sutama, & Muhibbin, A. (2024). Cultivation of Digital Literacy Based Communication in Natural Science Learning at Al-Abidin Primary School of Information and Communication Technologies. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(11), 8412–8420. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i11.8889

Pamorti, O. A., Winarno, & Suryandari, K. C. (2024). Effectiveness of Augmented Reality Based Learning Media to Improve Critical Thinking Skills on IPAS Material. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(5), 2211–2219. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i5.7139

Payu, C. S. (2023). Effect of Experiment-Based Discovery Learning Model on Psychomotor Learning Outcomes in Static Fluid Materials. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(5), 2647–2652. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i5.3573

Permatasari, T., & Ramadan, Z. H. (2024). Eksplorasi Keterampilan Dasar Mengajar Guru di Kelas 4 Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Kependidikan, 13(1), 887–898. https://doi.org/10.58230/27454312.531

Pinasthika, R. P., & Kaltsum, H. U. (2022). Analisis Penggunaan Metode Eksperimen pada Pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(4), 6558–6566. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i4.3304

Prahartiningrum, T. M., & Fadiana, M. (2024). Penerapan Metode Eksperimen untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas VI Sekolah Dasar Materi Rangkaian Listrik. Jurnal Basicedu, 8(3), 1925–1935. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v8i3.7543

Putri, N. R. S., & Meilana, S. F. (2023). Effect of Experimental Learning Methods on Students’ Cognitive Abilities in Science Learning. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(9), 7539–7546. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i9.4602

Rahmah, D. A., & Harahap, R. D. (2024). Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran IPA Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 8(2), 1246–1253. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v8i2.4825

Seage, S. J., & Turegun, M. (2020). The effects of blended learning on STEM achievement of elementary school students. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 6(1), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.v6i1.728

Septiani, A., Hetilaniar, H., & Dirgantara, M. R. D. (2022). Pembelajaran IPA Dengan Menggunakan Metode Eksperimen Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Indonesian Research Journal On Education, 2(3), 1019–1029. https://doi.org/10.31004/irje.v2i3.49

Setijani, T. (2019). Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Eksperimen Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas V-C SDN Dukuh Menanggal I. JPD: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 8(9), 56–71. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.21009/JPD.011.0

Shao, F., Tang, L., & Zhang, H. (2024). Video Watching and Hands-On Experiments to Learn Science: What Can Each Uniquely Contribute? Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Science Education Research, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43031-024-00103-x

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan, Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Suhelayanti, Z, S., Rahmawati, I., & Tantu, Y. R. P. (2023). Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Sosial (IPAS). In Penerbit Yayasan Kita Menulis. Yayasan Kita Menulis.

Sun, R.-Q., Sun, G.-F., & Ye, J.-H. (2023). The effects of online game addiction on reduced academic achievement motivation among Chinese college students: the mediating role of learning engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(7). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1185353

Susiloningsih, E., Sumantri, M. S., & Marini, A. (2023). Experiential Learning Model in Science Learning: Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(9), 550–557. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i9.4452

Susilowati, A. T., & Winanto, A. (2022). Meta Analisis Komparasi Model Discovery Learning dengan Problem Based Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(5), 7716–7723. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i5.3582

Tamalene, A. S., & Jusuf, R. (2024). Dampak Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Edukasi, 22(1), 803–809. https://doi.org/10.33387/j.edu.v22i1.8452

Vandho, S. A. A., Harun, & Cahya, R. D. (2024). The Influence of Experimental Methods on Understanding Concepts , Materials , Properties and Changes in the Form of Objects. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(12), 10308–10315. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i12.7425

Wandini, R. R., Bariyah, C., Lubis, H. A., Nur, N. M., & Mardhatillah, S. (2022). Metode Eksperimen pada Proses Pembelajaran Perubahan Wujud Benda pada Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling, 4(3), 2014–2020. https://doi.org/10.31004/jpdk.v4i3.5006

Wardani, I. U., Arnyana, I. B. P., & Dantes, N. (2023). Analysis of Science Learning Problems in Elementary Schools. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(7), 5645–5652. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i7.4193

Widiastuti, H., Subekti, E., Rohartati, S., & Sadiah, T. L. (2024). Efforts to Improve Science Learning Outcomes Through Experimental Methods in Grade IV Students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(10), 7548–7553. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.8804

Yusuf, M. (2018). Pengantar Ilmu Pendidikan. Kampus IAIN Palopo.

Zakharov, W., Strobel, J., & Diefes-Dux, H. A. (2020). Teacher level factors and student achievement in a cyber-enabled engineering education professional development program. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 6(1), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.v6i1.527

Author Biographies

Fatimatuzzahro, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Farid Ahmadi, Universitas Negeri Semarang

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Fatimatuzzahro, Farid Ahmadi

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).