Development of Smart Box Media Based on QR Code Technology to Improve Early Childhood Numerical Literacy Skills

Authors

Resa Tifeni Az-Zahra , Dadan Suryana , Yaswinda , Delfi Eliza

DOI:

10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10538

Published:

2025-03-25

Issue:

Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): March

Keywords:

Early childhood, Media, Numerical literacy, QR code, Smart box

Research Articles

Downloads

How to Cite

Az-Zahra, R. T., Suryana, D., Yaswinda, & Eliza, D. (2025). Development of Smart Box Media Based on QR Code Technology to Improve Early Childhood Numerical Literacy Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(3), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10538

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Abstract

Children's numerical literacy skills have not developed optimally. This can be seen in learning, where although children can mention numbers 1 to 20, they still have difficulty recognizing number symbols and matching the number with the number symbol. This condition is caused by the lack of use of technology-based learning media specifically designed for children. This research aims to develop QR Code-based smart box media to improve early childhood numerical literacy skills. This research method uses the Research and Development model from Borg and Gall. Validation was carried out by 3 experts, the test subjects were Pertiwi 1 Padang kindergarten students. Data collection techniques using interviews, questionnaires, and observation sheets. Data analysis was carried out validity analysis, practicality analysis, and effectiveness test analysis using SPSS V. 25. Based on the results of the analysis, the QR Code-based smart box media has 96% instrument validation test results, 90% media validation test and 92% material validation test with very valid eligibility criteria. Based on the calculation of the N-Gain test results of 0.52, meaning that the development of QR Code-based smart box media to improve early childhood numerical literacy skills is in the medium category. Furthermore, a paired sample t-test was conducted with the results of sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05 with α = 0.05 which means that there is a difference in the average value between the pretest and posttest scores of numerical literacy skills in early childhood. It can be concluded that the development of QR Code-based smart box media is effective for significantly improving the numerical literacy skills of early childhood in kindergarten.

References

Aktaş, C. (2017). The Evolution and Emergence of QR Codes. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Bodrova, E., & Leong, D. (2024). Tools of the mind: The Vygotskian approach to early childhood education. Taylor & Francis.

Burns, M. (2016). Deeper learning with QR codes and augmented reality: a scannable solution for your classroom. Corwin Press.

DePascale, M., Jaeggi, S. M., & Ramani, G. B. (2022). The influence of home environmental factors on kindergarten children’s addition strategy use. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1027431. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1027431

Durak, G., Ozkeskın, E. E., & Ataızı, M. (2016). QR codes in education and communication. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.89156

Eliza, D. (2013). Penerapan model pembelajaran kontekstual learning (CTL) berbasis centra di taman kanak-kanak. Pedagogi: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 13(2), 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/pedagogi.v13i2.4286

Essa, E. L., & Burnham, M. M. (2019). Introduction to early childhood education. Sage Publications.

Festiyed, M. S. (2019). Model Pembelajaran Sains Berbasis Multisensori-Ekologi (Psb Mugi) Bagi Anak Usia Dini. Edu Publisher.

Flewitt, R., Messer, D., & Kucirkova, N. (2015). New directions for early literacy in a digital age: The iPad. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 15(3), 289–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468798414533560

Fraillon, J. (2020). Preparing for life in a digital world: IEA International computer and information literacy study 2018 international report. Springer Nature.

Freina, L., & Ott, M. (2015). A literature review on immersive virtual reality in education: state of the art and perspectives. The International Scientific Conference Elearning and Software for Education, 1(133), 10–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026X-15-020

Gözüm, A. İ. C., Papadakis, S., & Kalogiannakis, M. (2022). Preschool teachers’ STEM pedagogical content knowledge: A comparative study of teachers in Greece and Turkey. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 996338. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996338

Helm, J. H., Katz, L. G., & Wilson, R. (2023). Young investigators: The project approach in the early years. Teachers College Press.

Ilham, Agus, A., Tomoliyus, T., Sugiyanto, F. X., Tirtawirya, D., Lumintuarso, R., Berhimpong Willner, M., Putra Alsyifa, R., Kurniawan, R., Septri, S., Effendi, R., Ayubi, N., Alben Suud Cahyo, A., Perdana Sukma, G., Rifki Sazeli, M., Ndayisenga, J., Sibomana, A., & Jean-Berchmans, B. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Adaptations Progress in VO2max , Leg Power , and Agility among Male and Female Sports Science Students. Retos, 57, 245–257. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.107053

Ilham, I., Sari, A. P., Bafirman, B., Rifki, M. S., Alnedral, A., Welis, W., Umar, U., Kurniawan, R., Putra, R. A., Prasetyo, T., Car, B., Pavlovic, R., Makadada, F. A., Perdana, G. S., Lolowang, D. M., Piri, N., Baan, A. B., & Jimenez, J. V. G. (2024). The effect of plyometric training (hurddlejumps), body weight training (lunges) and speed on increasing leg muscle explosive power of futsal players: a factorial experimental. Retos, 59, 497–508. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.108147

Indika, P. M., Kurniawan, R., Bahtra, R., & Yuniarti, E. (2023). The Effect of Administration of Honey on Maximal Physical Activity in Malondialdehyd (Mda) Levels of Male Mice (Mus musculus L.). Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Biology, Science and Education (IcoBioSE 2021), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-166-1_25

Marrison, G. S. (2018). Fundamentals of early childhood education. Pearson

Mukherji, P., & Albon, D. (2022). Research methods in early childhood: An introductory guide. Sage

Mukhlisin, M., Ma’mun, A., & Nuryadi, N. (2020). Pengaruh Metode Latihan dan Kemampuan Motorik terhadap Keterampilan Bermain Bola Tangan. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, 20(1), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpp.v20i1.24557

Noble, K. G., Houston, S. M., Brito, N. H., Bartsch, H., Kan, E., Kuperman, J. M., Akshoomoff, N., Amaral, D. G., Bloss, C. S., & Libiger, O. (2015). Family income, parental education and brain structure in children and adolescents. Nature Neuroscience, 18(5), 773–778. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3983

Nur, I. R. D., Herman, T., & Dahlan, T. H. (2022). Numeracy Literacy in Early Childhood: An Investigation in Arithmetic, Geometry and Patterns in Early Stage. JTAM (Jurnal Teori Dan Aplikasi Matematika), 6(2), 308–320. https://doi.org/10.31764/jtam.v6i2.7007

Padli, P., Prasetyo, T., Kurniawan, R., Putra, R. A., & Candra, O. (2024a). The influence of environment and social interaction on the formation of athlete character: a descriptive study. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología Del Ejercicio y El Deporte, 19(4), 430–434. Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=9796779

Padli, Prasetyo, T., Kurniawan, R., Putra, R. A., & Candra, O. (2024b). The Role of Sports in Preventing and Overcoming Problems During the Transition Period Case Study of Adolescents in Indonesia: Descriptive Study. Social Science and Humanities Journal, 8(07), 4477–4489. https://doi.org/10.18535/sshj.v8i07.1213

Poultsakis, S., Papadakis, S., Kalogiannakis, M., & Psycharis, S. (2021). The management of digital learning objects of natural sciences and digital experiment simulation tools by teachers. Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research, 1(2), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.25082/AMLER.2021.02.002

Prasetyo, T., Kurniawan, R., Putra, R. A., & Sipayung, A. Y. (2024). The Role Of Multimedia In The Process Physical Education Learning: Study Literature. Journal Sport Science Indonesia, 3(3), 493–504. https://doi.org/10.31258/jassi.3.3.493-504

Rahmadeni, F. (2022). Urgensi Pengenalan Konsep Literasi Numerasi pada Anak Usia Dini. Arithmetic, 4(1), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.29240/ja.v4i1.4626

Ramalho, J. F. C. B., Correia, S. F. H., Fu, L., António, L. L. F., Brites, C. D. S., André, P. S., Ferreira, R. A. S., & Carlos, L. D. (2019). Luminescence Thermometry on the Route of the Mobile‐Based Internet of Things (IoT): How Smart QR Codes Make It Real. Advanced Science, 6(19), 1900950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.201900950

Samuel, S. R., Acharya, S., & Rao, J. C. (2020). School Interventions–based Prevention of Early‐Childhood Caries among 3–5‐year‐old children from very low socioeconomic status: Two‐year randomized trial. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 80(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12348

Sari, A. P., Bafirman, Rifki, M. S., Syafrianto, D., & Kurniawan, R. (2023). The impact of maumere gymnastics on blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients: A promising non-pharmacological intervention. Journal Sport Area, 8(3), 328–339. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2023.vol8(3).11727

Sari, A. P., Kurniawan, R., Indika, P. M., Wulan, T. S., Syafrianto, D., & Sari, D. N. (2023). Exploring the impact of aerobic gymnastics on reducing blood: with hypertension medications vs without hypertension medications. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(12), 3253–3263. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.12372

Sari, A. P., Kurniawan, R., Selviani, I., Okilanda, A., Rifki, M. S., Setiawan, E., Effendi, R., Putra, R. A., Pavlovic, R., Vicente, J., & Jimenez, G. (2024). Maumere exercise therapy and low salt diet in hypertension sufferers: an effort to lower blood pressure. Retos, 56, 1016–1025. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.106718

Selviani, I., Prasetyo, T., Kurniawan, R., Putra, R. A., Candra, O., & Rizal, Y. (2024). Activities and Involvement in Sports have a Significant Impact on Life: A Descriptive Analysis. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(8), 1926–1934. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.8080140

Selviani, I., Sari, A. P., Okilanda, A., Kurniawan, R., & Ismaningsih, I. (2023). Pemberian Thumb Exercise Sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Nyeri Pada Kondisi De Qeurvain Syndrome. Wahana Dedikasi: Jurnal PkM Ilmu Kependidikan, 6(2), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.31851/dedikasi.v3i2.5330

Selviani, I., Syafrianto, D., Okilanda, A., Sari, A. P., & Kurniawan, R. (2024). Kinesio Taping Efficacy and Demographic Correlates in. Halaman Olahraga Nusantara: Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 7(I), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.31851/hon.v1i1.1505

Suryana, D. (2016). Pendidikan anak usia dini: stimulasi & aspek perkembangan anak. Prenada Media.

Suryana, D. (2017). Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik Di Taman Kanak-Kanak. Jurnal UNJ, 11, 67–82. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.111.05

Suryana, D. (2018). Pendidikan anak usia dini: stimulasi dan aspek perkembangan anak. Prenada Media.

Suryana, D. (2021). Pendidikan anak usia dini teori dan praktik pembelajaran. Prenada Media.

Susanto, A. (2021). Pendidikan anak usia dini: Konsep dan teori. Bumi Aksara.

Wong, C., Odom, S. L., Hume, K. A., Cox, A. W., Fettig, A., Kucharczyk, S., Brock, M. E., Plavnick, J. B., Fleury, V. P., & Schultz, T. R. (2015). Evidence-based practices for children, youth, and young adults with autism spectrum disorder: A comprehensive review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45, 1951–1966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2351-z

Xezonaki, A. (2022). Gamification in preschool science education. Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research, 2(2), 308–320. https://doi.org/10.25082/AMLER.2022.02.001

Yaswinda, Nilawati, E., & Abna, H. (2019). Pengembangan Media Video Tutorial Pembelajaran Sains Berbasis Multisensori Ekologi Untuk Meningkatkan Kognitif Anak Taman Kanak-Kanak. Jurnal Audi, 4(2), 100–109. https://doi.org/10.33061/jai.v4i2.3326

Author Biographies

Resa Tifeni Az-Zahra, Universitas Negeri Padang

Dadan Suryana, Universitas Negeri Padang

Yaswinda, Universitas Negeri Padang

Delfi Eliza, Universitas Negeri Padang

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Resa Tifeni Az-Zahra, Dadan Suryana, Yaswinda, Delfi Eliza

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).