Needs Analysis for a Deep Learning-Based Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model in Primary School IPAS Subjects
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i1.13527Published:
2026-01-25Downloads
Abstract
The modern curriculum necessitates a fundamental shift in IPAS instruction from rote memorization to deep learning of concepts; however, field implementation often remains superficial. Furthermore, while the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model is effective, teachers frequently encounter constraints in designing contextual scenarios that ensure that deep learning occurs. Consequently, this research aims to analyze the specific necessities for developing a PBL model based on deep learning for primary school IPAS subjects. This qualitative descriptive study involved 32 teachers and 171 Grade 4 students at primary schools, utilizing comprehensive questionnaires to assess needs across cognitive, pedagogical, technical, socio-cultural, and evaluative dimensions. The analysis reveals that all surveyed aspects fall into the “High Need” category. Specifically, teachers prioritized evaluation (97.75%) and pedagogical (93.35%) aspects, highlighting a critical demand for increased competence in authentic assessment and innovative strategies. Similarly, students indicated urgent needs in evaluative (97.07%) and technical (94.38%) domains. These findings confirm a significant gap in current instructional practices. It is concluded that developing a PBL–Deep Learning model that integrates local socio-cultural contexts with authentic, supportive evaluation instruments is essential to enhance students' conceptual mastery and facilitate effective teaching.
Keywords:
Deep learning IPAS Learning models Needs analysis Problem based learningReferences
Ardianti, Y., & Amalia, N. (2022). Kurikulum Merdeka: Pemaknaan Merdeka dalam Perencanaan Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 6(3), 399–407. https://doi.org/10.23887/jppp.v6i3.55749
Ariyani, A., Nazurty, N., & Sukendro, S. (2025). The Implementation of a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model Assisted by Wordwall Media in the IPAS Subject to Enhance Students’ Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(2), 602–606. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i2.9373
Ayuningsih, M. T., & Ansori, I. (2025). Pengembangan Media Flipbook Dengan Model PBL untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPAS Pada Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri Kalisegoro Kota Semaranggan media. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(1), 331–342. Retrieved from http://jppipa.unram.ac.id/index.php/jcar/index
Azizah, F., Huda, A., Hendriyani, Y., & Fadhilah. (2025). Development of E-LKPD with Problem Based Learning (PBL) Learning Model in Informatics Subject at High School. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(9), 90–96. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i9.11404
Chotimah, U., Aisyah, N., & Meryansumayeka, M. (2020). Memperkuat Karakter Peserta Didik Melalui Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Berbasis HOTS pada Pembelajaran PPKn. Bhineka Tunggal Ika: Kajian Teori Dan Praktik Pendidikan PKn, 7(1), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.36706/jbti.v7i1.11414
Chotimah, U., Yanzi, H., Sumarni, S., Syarifuddin, S., & Ritonga, J. (2023). Implementation of Project-Based Learning Styles and Multiple Learning Objects to Promote the Pancasila Student Profile. Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif, 13(3), 1323–1342. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v13.i3.202332
Darmawati, A. A. S. K., Tika, I. N., Artawan, P., & Redhana, I. W. (2025). Meta Analysis: Efektifitas Problem Based Learning dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SD dalam Pembelajaran IPA. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(10), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i10.12209
Ediyanto, E., Ramadhani, R. S., Fitrasari, B. D., Kenila, E., Sunandar, A., Hastuti, W. D., & Suhendri, S. (2023). The Problems in the Implementation of Inclusive Education in Primary Schools. Journal of ICSAR, 7(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.17977/um005v7i12023p1
Endaryati, S. A., Slamet, S. Y., & Suryandari, K. C. (2023). Problem-Based Learning Flipbook E-Module in Improving Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in “Always Save Energy” Thematic Learning. International Journal of Elementary Education, 7(1), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v7i1.58306
Fadlah, U., Pursitasari, I. D., & Rubini, B. (2024). Needs Analysis to Develop Learning Media Based on Scientific Literacy. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(11), 9846–9852. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i11.9190
Fahruddin, M., & Widiyono, A. (2023). Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Miniatur Kincir Air Pembangkit Listrik untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Indo-MathEdu Intellectuals Journal, 4(3), 1973–1981. https://doi.org/10.54373/imeij.v4i3.422
Fuad, A. Z., Alfin, J., Fauzan, F., Astutik, S., & Prahani, B. K. (2019). Group Science Learning Model to Improve Collaborative Problem Solving Skills and Self-Confidence of Primary Schools Teacher Candidates. International Journal of Instruction, 12(3), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.1238a
Gannar, S., & Kilani, C. (2025). Contextualized Learning and Social Constructivism: Implementing a Project-Based Approach in Information Systems Development Education. Journal of Science Learning, 8(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.17509/jsl.v8i1.72667
González-Marcos, A., Navaridas-Nalda, F., Jiménez-Trens, M. A., Alba-Elías, F., & Ordieres-Meré, J. (2021). Academic effects of a mixed teaching methodology versus a teacher-centered methodology and approaches to learning. Revista de Educacion, 392, 115–144. https://doi.org/10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2021-392-481
Husnayadi, I. (2024). The Impact of Problem Based Learning Methods on Long Jump Learning Outcomes for Primary School. INSPIREE: Indonesian Sport Innovation Review, 5(01), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.53905/inspiree.v5i01.126
Ifdaniyah, N., & Sukmawati, W. (2024). Analysis of Changes in Students’ Science Literacy Ability in Class V Elementary School Science Learning Using the RADEC Model. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(2), 681–688. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i2.3952
Imroatus, S., Yuni, R., & Fadhlil, W. T. (2025). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPAS. Pinisi Journal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 5(1), 226. https://doi.org/10.70713/pjp.v5i1.62676
Indarta, Y., Jalinus, N., Waskito, W., Samala, A. D., Riyanda, A. R., & Adi, N. H. (2022). Relevansi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar dengan Model Pembelajaran Abad 21 dalam Perkembangan Era Society 5.0. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(2), 3011–3024. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i2.2589
Lestari, Y. I., Siahaan, S. M., Ismet, I., & Rahman, N. F. A. (2024). A Validity of STEM-Based Physics Learning Video on Parabolic Motion for Senior High School Students. Indonesian Journal of Education Research (IJoER), 5(6), 305–310. https://doi.org/10.37251/ijoer.v5i6.1256
McPhail, G. (2021). The search for deep learning: a curriculum coherence model. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 53(4), 420–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2020.1748231
Mihas, P. (2019). Learn to Use an Exploratory Sequential Mixed Method Design for Instrument Development. In Learn to Use an Exploratory Sequential Mixed Method Design for Instrument Development. SAGE Publications, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526496454
Montanaro, A. G., Sciarrone, F., & Temperini, M. (2022). A Deep Learning Approach to Concept Maps Similarity. 2022 26th International Conference Information Visualisation (IV), 239–244. https://doi.org/10.1109/IV56949.2022.00048
Pes, F., Sciarrone, F., & Temperini, M. (2023). A Deep Learning System to Help Students Build Concept Maps. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33023-0_29
Putri, A. R., Desyandri, Ahmad, S., J, F. Y., AD, R., & Ernawati. (2024). Development of Ebook Teaching Materials Based on the PBL Model Assisted by the Kvisoft Flibbook Maker Application in Class IV Elementary Schools. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(10), 7541–7547. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.8868
Raharjo, M., Erna Retna Safitri, & Ardi Saputra. (2023). Open Broadcaster Software Assisted Learning Media in Hybrid Learning. Jurnal Pedagogi Dan Pembelajaran, 6(1), 141–147. https://doi.org/10.23887/jp2.v6i1.57494
Riani, A., & Sujarwati, I. (2025). The Preparedness of English Teachers to Implement Deep Learning in Middle School. EDUCASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Pengajaran, Dan Pembelajaran, 10(2), 229–244. https://doi.org/10.21462/educasia.v10i2.359
Sagita, E., Amalia, V., & Dwishiera C.A., N. (2023). Studi Literatur: Model Problem Based Learning dalam Pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 1(2), 14. https://doi.org/10.47134/pgsd.v1i2.242
Saralee, A., Fitria, Y., Sukma, E., & Hidayati, A. (2024). the Development of E-Module IPAS Based on Problem Based Learning Assisted with Articulate Applications to Improve Students Think Critically. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(4), 2032–2040. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i4.7014
Shroff, R. H., Ting, F. S. T., Chan, C. L., Garcia, R. C. C., Tsang, W. K., & Lam, W. H. (2023). Conceptualisation, measurement and preliminary validation of learners’ problem-based learning and peer assessment strategies in a technology-enabled context. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.7214
Siregar, N., Syahrial, S., Sofyan, & Wulandari, B. A. (2025). Designing IPAER Learning Model in IPAS Learning: an Effort to Improve Critical Thinking Skills in Elementary School. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(6), 333–339. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i6.11721
Su, T., Liu, J., Meng, L., Luo, Y., Ke, Q., & Xie, L. (2025). The effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) in enhancing critical thinking skills in medical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Education, 10(June), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1565556
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Susanto, S., Wibowo, S. E., Kurniasih, A., Saragih, V. R. B., & Yuni, A. (2025). Problem-Based Learning Model to Increase Students’ Science Literacy in Grade V Science Learning on Heat Transfer Topic. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(4), 408–415. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i4.9793
Susanto, T. T. D., Dwiyanti, P. B., Marini, A., Sagita, J., Safitri, D., & Soraya, E. (2022). E-Book with Problem Based Learning to Improve Student Critical Thinking in Science Learning at Elementary School. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (IJIM), 16(20), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i20.32951
Syaifi, A. C., & Murwitaningsih, S. (2022). Analysis of the Influence of Problem Based Learning Models Assisted by Wordwall Media on Science Learning Outcomes of Primary School Students. Jurnal Paedagogy, 9(4), 754. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v9i4.5430
Syawaluddin, A., Basri, S., & Sari, N. I. (2024). Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas IV Melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL). JPPSD: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar, 3(3), 322. https://doi.org/10.26858/jppsd.v3i3.56855
Widyatama, G. S., & Wulandari, D. (2025). Development of Problem-Based Learning Based Flipbook Teaching Materials to Improve Understanding of IPAS in Grade V Elementary School Students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(3), 854–866. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10968
Yang, F., & Rao, Y. (2022). Practice and Research of Blended Learning Model Guided by Deep Learning Model. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8915162
Yani, A. (2025). Application of Problem-Based Learning Model Assisted by Audio Visual to Improve Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Children. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(7), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i7.11992
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Berty Yustiani, Umi Chotimah, Makmum Raharjo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
