Supporting SDG 11 Through Green Stormwater Infrastructure: SWMM-Based Flood Mitigation in a Tropical Watershed
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i6.15480Published:
2026-06-30Downloads
Abstract
The study sub-watershed covers 3475 ha with a main river length of 9.03 km. Rapid land-use change—residential areas grew by 623.84 ha while rice paddies declined by 1390.40 ha between 2013 and 2023—has reduced infiltration areas, increased impervious cover, and intensified peak runoff. Existing drainage infrastructure is insufficient to convey the 2-year design discharge, resulting in recurrent downstream flooding. This study analyzes existing hydrological and hydraulic conditions and designs rainwater management solutions through Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) for flood mitigation and groundwater conservation. Design rainfall was estimated using Log Pearson III frequency analysis, while runoff and hydraulic responses were simulated using EPA SWMM 5.2. Three GSI alternatives were evaluated: 3946 infiltration wells reduced peak flood discharge by 15.64%; 37 retention ponds reduced peak flood discharge by 47.48%; and a combined system of 3181 infiltration wells and 33 retention ponds achieved the highest reduction of 64.11%. Channel normalization of the critical river segment (2U–3U) is essential regardless of the GSI alternative selected. The combined alternative is recommended as it simultaneously addresses flood peaks and groundwater recharge
Keywords:
Flood mitigation Green stormwater infrastructure Infiltration wells Retention ponds Sub-watershed SWMMReferences
Abighail, S. H., Kridasantausa, I., Farid, M., & Moe, I. R. (2022). Pemodelan Banjir akibat Perubahan Tata Guna Lahan di Daerah Aliran Sungai Ciliwung. Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2022.29.1.6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2021.29.1.6
Aditama, D. H., Harisuseno, D., & Hendrawan, A. P. (2025). Flood Prone Area Analysis in the Wonosari Sub Watershed, Bondowoso Regency, East Java. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(5), 359–369. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i5.11130 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i5.11130
Arifianto, S., Andawayanti, U., & Sumiadi, S. (2026). The Impact of Land Use on Flood Management: A Case Study of the Banjir Kanal Barat River in Semarang with HEC-RAS. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 12(6), 512–523. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v12i6.15149 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v12i6.15149
Astuti, D., & Suprayogi, I. (2015). Analysis of Retention Ponds as Inundation Flood Control in Payung Sekaki District. Journal Online Mahasiswa Universitas Riau, 3(1), 1–14. Retrieved from https://www.neliti.com/publications/189661/analisis-kolam-retensi-sebagai-pengendalian-banjir-genangan-di-kecamatan-payung
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Grobogan. (2024). Grobogan Regency in Figures 2024. Grobogan: BPS Grobogan Regency.
Basthoni, M. K. R. (2020). Analisis Perubahan Tata Guna Lahan Terhadap Debit Banjir Sub-Sub DAS Keyang-Slahung-Tempuran (KST). Teras Jurnal: Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 10(2), 189–202. https://doi.org/10.29103/tj.v10i2.309 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29103/tj.v10i2.309
Bhinneka Nusantara. (2025, May 17). Banjir Landa Sejumlah Desa di Grobogan, Ratusan Rumah dan Sawah Terendam. Retrieved from https://bhinnekanusantara.id/banjir-landa-sejumlah-desa-di-grobogan-ratusan-rumah-dan-sawah-terendam/
Budianto, M. B., Harianto, B., Salehudin, S., Hartana, H., & Hidayat, S. (2022). Dampak Perubahan Tata Guna Lahan dan Implikasinya Terhadap Besaran Debit Banjir pada Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Mandalika. Jurnal Sains Teknologi & Lingkungan, 8(2), 102–114. Retrieved from https://jstl.unram.ac.id/index.php/jstl/article/view/748 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v8i2.334
Ferrans, P., Torres, M. N., Temprano, J., & Sánchez, J. P. R. (2022). SUDS Modeling Supporting Decision-Making: A Systematic Quantitative Review. Science of the Total Environment, 806, 150447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150447 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150447
Fletcher, T. D., Shuster, W., Hunt, W. F., Ashley, R., Butler, D., Arthur, S., Trowsdale, S., Barraud, S., Semadeni-Davies, A., Bertrand-Krajewski, J.-L., Mikkelsen, P. S., Rivard, G., Uhl, M., Dagenais, D., & Viklander, M. (2015). SUDS, LID, BMPs, WSUD and More – The Evolution and Application of Terminology Surrounding Urban Drainage. Urban Water Journal, 12(7), 525–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2014.916314 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2014.916314
Fu, X., Liu, J., Shao, W., Mei, C., Wang, D., & Yan, W. (2020). Evaluation of Permeable Brick Pavement on the Reduction of Stormwater Runoff Using a Coupled Hydrological Model. Water, 12(10), 2821. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102821 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102821
Ghaisani, S. F., Saadi, Y., Setiawan, E., I Wayan, Y., Salehudin, S., & Suroso, A. (2024). Effectiveness Analysis of Meninting Dam’s Diversion Tunnel Using HEC-RAS. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(4), 2091–2101. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i4.7207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i4.7207
Hartini, E. (2017). Applied Hydrology & Hydraulics. Semarang: Dian Nuswantoro University.
Hidayah, E., Putri, A. P. P., & Saifurridzal, S. (2024). Analysis of Potential Application of Rainwater Harvesting System in Bedadung River Basin, Jember Regency. Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 30(2), 233–244. https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2023.30.2.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2023.30.2.11
Hidayat, A., & Suprayogi, S. (2017). Design of Infiltration Wells as Stormwater Runoff Control in Griya Taman Asri, Sleman. Jurnal Bumi Indonesia, 6(4). Retrieved from https://www.neliti.com/publications/228869/rancangan-sumur-resapan-sebagai-upaya-pengendalian-aliran-limpasan-di-perumahan
Indrawan, I., Dangkua, T., & Jaya, R. (2025). Comparative Morphometric Analysis for Flood Risk Assessment in Alo and Molamahu Sub-Watersheds, Gorontalo Regency. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(8), 535–545. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.11924 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.11924
Jayasooriya, V. M., & Ng, A. W. M. (2014). Tools for Modeling Stormwater Management and the Economics of Green Infrastructure Practices: A Review. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 225, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-2055-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-2055-1
Jeon, S., Kim, S., Lee, M., An, H., Jung, K., Um, M., An, K., & Park, D. (2021). Insights into the Pollutant Removal Performance of Stormwater Green Infrastructures: A Case Study of Detention Basins and Retention Ponds. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10104. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910104
Khoiri, A. H., Andawayanti, U., & Haribowo, R. (2022). Kajian Efektivitas Kolam Retensi dalam Mereduksi Banjir Jalan Raya Porong Kabupaten Sidoarjo dengan Storm Water Management Model. Jurnal Teknologi dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air, 2(2), 142–155. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2022.002.02.12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2022.002.02.12
Kim, H., & Kim, G. (2021). An Effectiveness Study on the Use of Different Types of LID for Water Cycle Recovery in a Small Catchment. Land, 10(10), 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10101055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/land10101055
Koc, K., Ekmekcioğlu, Ö., & Özger, M. (2021). An Integrated Framework for the Comprehensive Evaluation of Low Impact Development Strategies. Journal of Environmental Management, 294, 113023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113023
Kumar, S., Guntu, R. K., Agarwal, A., Villuri, V. G. K., Pasupuleti, S., Kaushal, D. R., Gosian, A. K., & Bronstert, A. (2022). Multi-Objective Optimization for Stormwater Management by Green-Roofs and Infiltration Trenches to Reduce Urban Flooding in Central Delhi. Journal of Hydrology, 606, 127455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127455 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127455
Li, Y., Li, W., He, J., Zhang, X., & Li, X. (2018). Infiltration and Anti-Filtration Recharge-Pumping Well and Laboratory Recharge Tests. Water, 10(12), 1834. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10121834 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w10121834
Liang, X., Zhan, H., & Zhang, Y. K. (2018). Aquifer Recharge Using a Vadose Zone Infiltration Well. Water Resources Research, 54(11), 8847–8863. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023409 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023409
Maulana, K. M., S, A. S. R., Dangkua, T., Jaya, R., & Mulabbi, A. (2025). Morphometric Characteristics and Their Relation to Flood Events in Paguyaman Watershed, Gorontalo. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(8), 476–488. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.11909 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.11909
Mulyaningsih, T. (2014). Analysis of Land Use Change in Grobogan Regency. Semarang: UNDIP Press.
Pradigta, M. D. I., Susanto, S., & Pratikto, H. (2024). Comparison of Gumbel Method and Log Pearson Method in Flood Control in Konto River Jombang. CIVED, 11(3), 1008–1015. https://doi.org/10.24036/cived.v11i3.645 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24036/cived.v11i3.645
Pratiwi, D. W., & Negara, A. S (2023). Perbandingan Pola Distribusi Hujan Terukur dan Metode Empiris dalam Perhitungan Debit Banjir Rencana DAS Jurug. Jurnal Teknik Sumber Daya Air, 3(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.56860/jtsda.v3i1.55 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56860/jtsda.v3i1.55
Prayitno, G., Bisri, M., Juwono, P. T., Anwar, M. R., Harimurti, H., Sari, N., Dinanti, D., & Wigayatri, M. (2021). Planning and Assistance the Making of Infiltration Wells. JCES (Journal of Character Education Society), 4(1), 212–220. https://doi.org/10.31764/jces.v4i1.3564
Purwanto, A., & Paiman, P. (2023). Flood Risk Spatial Modeling Based on Geographical Information Systems and Remote Sensing in the Pemangkat Regency. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(11), 9554–9563. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.5264 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.5264
Putra, M. A. R., Andawayanti, U., & Lufira, R. D. (2022). Studi Evaluasi dan Penanganan Genangan Menggunakan Aplikasi SWMM 5.1 pada Sistem Drainase Darmo Kali Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Teknologi dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air, 2(2), 141–155. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2022.002.02.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2022.002.02.11
Putri, F. K., Hidayah, E., & Ma’ruf, M. F. (2023). Enhancing Stormwater Management with Low Impact Development (LID): A Review of the Rain Barrel, Bioretention, and Permeable Pavement Applicability in Indonesia. Water Science and Technology, 87(9), 2345–2361. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2023.095 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2023.095
Rossman, L. A. (2015). Storm Water Management Model – User’s Manual Version 5.1. EPA/600/R-14/413b. Cincinnati: US EPA. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2019-02/documents/epaswmm5_1_manual_master_8-2-15.pdf
Sari, N., & Hermon, D. (2025). Flood Disaster Adaptation Model in Kampar Regency Riau Province. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(3), 70–79. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10544 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10544
Sarminingsih, A. (2018). Pemilihan Metode Analisis Debit Banjir Rancangan Embung Coyo Kabupaten Grobogan. Jurnal Presipitasi: Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan, 15(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v15i1.53-61 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v15i1.53-61
Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 2415. (2016). Procedures for Calculating Design Flood Discharge. Jakarta: BSN.
Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 8456. (2017). Rainwater Infiltration Wells and Trenches. Jakarta: BSN.
Surya, B., Salim, A., Hernita, H., Suriani, S., Menne, F., & Rasyidi, E. S. (2021). Land Use Change, Urban Agglomeration, and Urban Sprawl: A Sustainable Development Perspective of Makassar City, Indonesia. Land, 10(6), 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060556 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060556
Taghizadeh, S., Khani, S., & Rajaee, T. (2021). Hybrid SWMM and Particle Swarm Optimization Model for Urban Runoff Water Quality Control by Using Green Infrastructures (LID-BMPs). Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 60, 127032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127032
Tumpu, M., Samad, A., Daming, H., & Sari, W. W. (2021). Implementation of Infiltration Wells for Rainwater Runoff Control in Makassar. Journal of Engineering Research, 25(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.25042/jpe.052021.01 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25042/jpe.052021.01
Tutuarima, C. T., Talakua, S. M., & Osok, R. M. (2021). Penilaian Degradasi Lahan dan Dampak Sedimentasi Terhadap Perencanaan Bangunan Air di Daerah Aliran Sungai Wai Ruhu, Kota Ambon. Jurnal Budidaya Pertanian, 17(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2021.17.1.43 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2021.17.1.43
Virgota, A., Farista, B., Suripto, S., Gunawan, L. A., & Ernawati, E. (2024). Identification and Mapping of Flood Vulnerability in the Meninting Watershed, West Lombok. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(7), 3759–3769. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i7.8201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i7.8201
Wafiyah, N. A., & Dewi, V. A. K. (2024). Evaluasi Kapasitas Saluran Drainase Menggunakan Software EPA SWMM Versi 5.1 di Desa Suciharjo. Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, 9(2), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.29244/jsil.9.2.241-250 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/jsil.9.2.241-250
Yudianto, D., & Roy, A. F. (2019). Pemanfaatan Kolam Retensi dan Sumur Resapan pada Sistem Drainase Kawasan Padat Penduduk. Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 5(2), 103–121. https://doi.org/10.28932/jts.v5i2.1317 DOI: https://doi.org/10.28932/jts.v5i2.1317
Zahrani, N., Suhartanto, E., & Andawayanti, U. (2026). Reliable Assessment of Long-Term Land Use Change to Support Sustainable Watershed Management Using Multi-Sensor Landsat Imagery. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 12(2), 515–523. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v12i2.14076 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v12i2.14076
Zaini, A. Z. A., Vonnisa, M., Marzuki, M., & Ramadhan, R. (2023). Seasonal Variation of Rainfall in Indonesia under Normal Conditions without ENSO and IOD Events from 1981-2021. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(11), 9899–9909. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.4569 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.4569
Zevri, A. (2019). Desain Kolam Retensi pada Daerah Aliran Sungai Bekala. Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil (JRS-Unand), 15(2), 90–102. https://doi.org/10.25077/jrs.15.2.90-102.2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jrs.15.2.90-102.2019
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Anik Sarminingsih, Nurhaliza Prasetyani, Andito Dharma Atmaja, Adrian Hartanto, Budi Prasetyo Samadikun
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
