The Impact of In-House Bolus Thickness on The Percentage of Surface Dose for 10 and 12 MeV Electron Beams
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v8i6.2344Published:
2022-12-28Downloads
Abstract
The surface dose on electron irradiation which is received by the skin does not reach 100%, so a bolus is needed as a compensator material in order to reach or approach 100%. This study aims to create, test, and describe the effect of different thicknesses of boluses that are made of 3D printed TPU, silicone sealant and resin on equivalence with tissue and the percentage of surface dose produced. A bolus with a size of 15x15 cm2 and with variations in thickness of 0.3 cm, 0.5 cm, and 1 cm was imaged by a CT-Scan to analyze the CT-Number value and relative electron density using imageJ software. After that, the bolus was irradiated by a Linac with an energy of 10 MeV and 12 MeV to measure the surface dose using an advances marcus detector. The result of this study showed that 3D printed TPU, silicone sealant and resin are similar to some soft tissues. Silicone sealant has the highest flexibility of the two boluses. In addition, silicone sealant also produces the highest increase in the percentage of surface dose in phantom.
Keywords:
Bolus Density CT-Number Surface DoseReferences
Adamson, J. D., Cooney, T., Demehri, F., Stalnecker, A., Georgas, D., Yin, F. F., & Kirkpatrick, J. (2017). Characterization of Water-Clear Polymeric Gels for Use as Radiotherapy Bolus. Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment, 16(6), 923–929. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533034617710579
Andreo, P., Burns, D. T., Hohlfeld, K., Huq, M. S., Kanai, T., Laitano, F., … Vynckier, S. (2000). IAEA TRS 398:Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy: An International Code of Practice for Dosimetry based on Standards of Absorbed Dose to Water (Vol. 12). Austria: IAEA. Retrieved from http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nahu/DMRP/documents/CoP_V12_2006-06-05.pdf
Astuti, S. Y., Sutanto, H., Hidayanto, E., Jaya, G. W., Supratman, A. S., & Saraswati, G. P. (2018). Characteristics of Bolus Using Silicone Rubber with Silica Composites for Electron Beam Radiotherapy. Journal of Physics and Its Applications, 1(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpa.v1i1.3914
Delwiche, F. A. (2013). Mapping the literature of radiation therapy. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 101(2), 120–127. https://doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.101.2.007
Günhan, B., Kemikler, G., & Koca, A. (2003). Determination of surface dose and the effect of bolus to surface dose in electron beams. Medical Dosimetry, 28(3), 193–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-3947(03)00072-4
Guswantoro, T., Supratman, A. S., & Asih, I. S. (2020). Karakterisasi Alginat Sebagai Bahan Setara Dengan Jaringan Lunak Untuk Radioterapi. Jurnal EduMatSains, 4(2), 125–138. Retrieved from http://repository.uki.ac.id/2896/
Hariyanto, A. P., Mariyam, F. U., Almira, L., Endarko, E., & Suhartono, B. H. (2020). Fabrication and characterization of bolus material using propylene glycol for radiation therapy. Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, 17(3), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijmp.2019.39798.1537
Khan, F. M. (2003). Physics of Radiation Therapy Third Edition. (J. Pine, Ed.) (Third Edit). USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Malaescu, I., Marin, C. N., & Spunei, M. (2015). Comparative Study on the Surface Dose of Some Bolus Materials. International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology, 4(4), 348–352. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijmpcero.2015.44041
Malone, C., Rogerson, C., Gaffney, J., & Mcclean, B. (2021). Evaluation of the quality of fit of flexible bolus material created using 3D printing technology. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 23, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/acm2.13490
Marzi, L. De, Lesven, C., Ferrand, R., Sage, J., & Boul, T. (2013). Calibration of CT Hounsfield units for proton therapy treatment planning: use of kilovoltage and megavoltage images and comparison of parameterized methods. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 58, 4255–4276. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/58/12/4255
Mayles, P., Nahum, A., & Rosenwald, J. c. (2007). Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics: Theory and Practice. New York, London: Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420012026.ch10
Nagata, K., Lattimer, J. C., & March, J. S. (2012). The electron beam attenuating properties of superflab, play-doh, and wet gauze, compared to plastic water. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, 53(1), 96–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01866.x
Nowik, P., Bujila, R., Poludniowski, G., & Fransson, A. (2015). Quality control of CT systems by automated monitoring of key performance indicators: A two-year study. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 16(4), 254–265. https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v16i4.5469
Podgorsak, E. B. (2005). Radiation Oncology Physics : A Handbook for Teachers and Students. Austria: IAEA.
Rancangkapti, N., Hariyanto, A. P., Mariyam, F. U., Almira, L., Endarko, & Haris, B. (2019). Dosimetry analysis of homemade bolus using propylene glycol for photon MegaVoltage and electron radiation therapy. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1248(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1248/1/012051
Ricotti, R., Ciardo, D., Pansini, F., Bazani, A., Comi, S., Spoto, R., … Jereczek-fossa, B. A. (2017). Physica Medica Dosimetric characterization of 3D printed bolus at different infill percentage for external photon beam radiotherapy. Physica Medica, 39, 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.06.004
Robertson, F. M., Couper, M. B., Kinniburgh, M., Monteith, Z., Hill, G., Andiappa, S., & Douglas, P. (2021). Ninja flex vs Super flab : A comparison of dosimetric properties , conformity to the skin surface , Planning Target Volume coverage and positional reproducibility for external beam radiotherapy. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 22(4), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/acm2.13147
Sekartaji, G., Aisyah, S., Carina, C. C. C., Nazara, T., Nainggolan, A., & Endarko. (2020). Comparison of Dosimetry Characteristics from Some Bolus Materials for 6 and 10 MV Photons Beam Radiation Therapy. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1505(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1505/1/012028
Su, S., Moran, K., Robar, J. L., & Introduction, I. (2014). Design and production of 3D printed bolus for electron radiation therapy. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 15(4), 194–211. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25207410/
Tampubolon, H., Tarigan, K., & Sembiring, T. (2019). Manufacture and Determination of Absorbent in Bolus Radiotherapy Based On Alginate Using of 8 MeV and 10 MeV Energy. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 6(3), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset196325
Tino, R., Leary, M., Yeo, A., Kyriakou, E., Kron, T., & Brandt, M. (2020). Additive manufacturing in radiation oncology: A review of clinical practice, emerging trends and research opportunities. International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ab70af
Vyas, V., Palmer, L., Mudge, R., Jiang, R., Fleck, A., Schaly, B., … Charland, P. (2013). On bolus for megavoltage photon and electron radiation therapy. Medical Dosimetry, 38(3), 268–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meddos.2013.02.007
Yohannes, I., Kolditz, D., Langner, O., & Kalender, W. A. (2012). A formulation of tissue- and water-equivalent materials using the stoichiometric analysis method for CT-number calibration in radiotherapy treatment planning. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 57(5), 1173–1190. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/57/5/1173
Zhao, Y., Moran, K., Sc, B., Rt, T., Yewondwossen, M., Ph, D., … Ph, D. (2017). Clinical applications of 3-dimensional printing in radiation therapy. Medical Dosimetry, 42, 150–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meddos.2017.03.001
License
Copyright (c) 2022 sigma nur rismawati Nur Rismawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
