The Effectiveness of Reducing Hardness in the Filtration Process Using Mixed Media with Detention Time Variations

Authors

Ferry WF Waangsir , I Gede Putu Arnawa , Johanis JP Sadukh , Edwin M. Mauguru

DOI:

10.29303/jppipa.v9i12.5592

Published:

2023-12-20

Issue:

Vol. 9 No. 12 (2023): December

Keywords:

Detention time, Filtration, Mixed media, Reducing hardness

Research Articles

Downloads

How to Cite

Waangsir, F. W. ., Arnawa, I. G. P. ., Sadukh, J. J. ., & Mauguru, E. M. . (2023). The Effectiveness of Reducing Hardness in the Filtration Process Using Mixed Media with Detention Time Variations. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(12), 11060–11064. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i12.5592

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Abstract

The problem that is often faced in groundwater management, especially deep groundwater such as boreholes is hardness. This can happen because in the process of taking it from the soil through various layers of soil including limestone soil containing Ca and Mg, so that the water becomes hard. Hard water is found in areas where the top soil layer is thick and there is limestone formation. This study aims to identify the physical quality and hardness level of clean water sourced from dug wells and drilled wells, after treatment through filtration methods. Filtration is carried out using mixed media with variations in residence time in the filtration media, namely 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. The results showed that the effectiveness of reducing hardness in dug wells and drilled wells was highest for a variation in 90 minutes, For dug wells, the effectiveness of 90 minutes of residence time reached 9.18% and for drilled wells, the effectiveness reached 16.36%.

References

Abanyie, S. K., Apea, O. B., Abagale, S. A., Amuah, E. E. Y., & Sunkari, E. D. (2023). Sources and factors influencing groundwater quality and associated health implications: A review. Emerging Contaminants, 100207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2023.100207

Azteria, V., & Rosya, E. (2023). Drinking Water Quality of Water Refill Station in Gebang Raya Tanggerang. Journal of Environmental Health, 15(2). Retrieved from https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/download/42203/24469

Bozorg-Haddad, O., Delpasand, M., & Loáiciga, H. A. (2021). Water quality, hygiene, and health. In Economical, Political, and Social Issues in Water Resources (pp. 217–257). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90567-1.00008-5

Carrard, N., Foster, T., & Willetts, J. (2019). Groundwater as a source of drinking water in southeast Asia and the Pacific: A multi-country review of current reliance and resource concerns. Water, 11(8), 1605. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081605

Das, S. (2023). Basic Physicochemical Properties of Water. In An Introduction to Water Quality Science: Significance and Measurement Protocols (pp. 39–69). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42137-2_3

Dewi, R. S., Kusuma, M. I., & Kurniawati, E. (2018). Pengaruh Lama Kontak Arang Kayu Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kesadahan Air Sumur Gali Di Paal Merah II Kota Jambi. Riset Informasi Kesehatan, 7(1), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.30644/rik.v7i1.125

Franke, V., Ullberg, M., McCleaf, P., Wålinder, M., Köhler, S. J., & Ahrens, L. (2021). The price of really clean water: Combining nanofiltration with granular activated carbon and anion exchange resins for the removal of per-and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water production. ACS ES&T Water, 1(4), 782–795. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.0c00141

Gemeda, S. T., Springer, E., Gari, S. R., Birhan, S. M., & Bedane, H. T. (2021). The importance of water quality in classifying basic water services: the case of Ethiopia, SDG6. 1, and safe drinking water. Plos One, 16(8), e0248944. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248944

Hidayah, E. N., Cahyonugroho, O. H., & Fauziyah, N. A. (2023). Performance of Alum Coagulation and Adsorption on Removing Organic Matter and E. coli. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 22(1), 497–502. https://doi.org/10.46488/NEPT.2023.v22i01.048

Husaini, A., Yenni, M., & Wuni, C. (2020). Efektivitas Metode Filtrasi dan Adsorpsi dalam Menurunkan Kesadahan Air Sumur di Kecamatan Kota Baru Kota Jambi. Jurnal Formil (Forum Ilmiah) Kesmas Respati, 5(2), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.35842/formil.v5i2.323

Juwono, P. T., Subagiyo, A., & Winarta, B. (2022). Neraca Sumber Daya Air dan Ruang Kota Berkelanjutan. Universitas Brawijaya Press.

Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2017) Nomor 32 Tahun 2017, Pub. L. No. Permenkes RI Nomor 32 Tahun 2017, Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia 1.

Kusneidi. (2010). Mengolah Air Kotor Untuk Air Minum. Jakarta Pusat: Penebar Swadaya.

Martín-Loeches, M., Martín-Loeches, M., Díaz-Alcaide, S., & Danert, K. (2020). Manual borehole drilling as a cost-effective solution for drinking water access in low-income contexts. Water, 12(7), 1981. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12071981

Mishra, R. K. (2023). Fresh water availability and its global challenge. British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies, 4(3), 1–78. https://doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0208

Murei, A., Kamika, I., & Momba, M. N. B. (2023). Selection of a diagnostic tool for microbial water quality monitoring and management of faecal contamination of water sources in rural communities. Science of The Total Environment, 906, 167484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167484

Nurhayati, I. (2010). Inasi Media Filtrasi Untuk Penurunan Kesadahan Dan Besi. Jurnal Teknik UNIPA, 08(Januari), 108. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unipasby.ac.id/index.php/waktu/article/download/882/726

Organization, W. H. (2022). Guidelines for drinking-water quality: incorporating the first and second addenda. World Health Organization.

Prihatin, R. B., Suryani, A. S., Qodriyatun, S. N., Prasetiawan, T., Winurini, S., & Prayitno, U. S. (2015). Penyediaan Air Bersih di Indonesia: Peran Pemerintah, Pemerintah Daerah, Swasta, dan Masyarakat. P3DI Setjen DPR RI dan Azza Grafika.

Rahmawati, J. O., & Nurhayati, I. (2016). Pengaruh Jenis Media Filtrasi Kualitas Air Sumur Gali. WAKTU: Jurnal Teknik UNIPA, 14(2), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.36456/waktu.v14i2.131

Richards, S., Rao, L., Connelly, S., Raj, A., Raveendran, L., Shirin, S., Jamwal, P., & Helliwell, R. (2021). Sustainable water resources through harvesting rainwater and the effectiveness of a low-cost water treatment. Journal of Environmental Management, 286, 112223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112223

Rivai, A., & Rayani, E. M. (2019). Efektivitas Arang Tempurung Kelapa (Cocus nucifera) Dalam Menurunkan Kesaddahan Total Pada Air. Sulolipu: Media Komunikasi Sivitas Akademika Dan Masyarakat, 18(2), 224–229. https://doi.org/10.32382/sulolipu.v18i2.1162

Sanropie, D. (1984). Pedoman Bidang Studi Penyedian Air Bersih. Jakarta: pusat Pendidikan dan Latihan Depkes RI.

Setyobudiarso, H., Sudiro, S., & Agnes, A. T. (2022). Uji Banding Efektifitas Roughing Filter Aliran Horizontal Dan Aliran Upflow Dalam Reduksi Kadar Kekeruhan Dan Kesadahan Air Sungai Brantas. Prosiding SEMSINA, 3(2), 317–323. https://doi.org/10.36040/semsina.v3i2.5114

Sutrisno, T. (2006). Teknologi Penyediaan Air Bersih. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Tang, C., Rygaard, M., Rosshaug, P. S., Kristensen, J. B., & Albrechtsen, H.-J. (2021). Evaluation and comparison of centralized drinking water softening technologies: Effects on water quality indicators. Water Research, 203, 117439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117439

Vaddi, D., Subbarao, M. V., & Muralikrishna, M. P. S. (2019). Removal of calcium (Ca2+) ion from aqueous solution by chemically activated thuja occidentalis leaves carbon (CATLC)-application for softening the groundwater samples. Physical Chemistry Research, 7(3), 449–466. https://doi.org/10.22036/PCR.2019.170974.1590

Waangsir, F. W., Arnawa, G. P., Sadukh, J. J., & Suluh, D. G. (2023). Use of Various Filtaritaion Media in Lowering the Level of Water Hardness. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(3), 1182–1186. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i3.3086

Wang, X., Cui, J., Wu, Y., Zhu, C., & Wang, X. (2021). Mechanical properties of calcareous silts in a hydraulic fill island-reef. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 39(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2020.1748775

Wen, X., Chen, F., Lin, Y., Zhu, H., Yuan, F., Kuang, D., Jia, Z., & Yuan, Z. (2020). Microbial indicators and their use for monitoring drinking water quality—A review. Sustainability, 12(6), 2249. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062249

Author Biographies

Ferry WF Waangsir, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang.

I Gede Putu Arnawa, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang

Johanis JP Sadukh, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang

Edwin M. Mauguru, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Ferry WF Waangsir, I Gede Putu Arnawa, Johanis JP Sadukh, Edwin M. Mauguru

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).