Inundation Sewers and Mapping the Prevalence Leptospirosis Throughout Rats in Central Java Province
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v9iSpecialIssue.6593Published:
2023-12-25Issue:
Vol. 9 No. SpecialIssue (2023): UNRAM journals and research based on science education, science applications towards a golden Indonesia 2045Keywords:
Inundation, Leptospirosis, Mapping, RatsResearch Articles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a public health threat in countries with tropical climates, like Indonesia. Incidents in Central Java Province are still found every year and still threaten the local community. The goal of this study is to find out what connection there is between sewer puddles and mice that have found leptospira bacteria that can cause leptospirosis in the Regencies of Klaten, Sukoharjo, Karanganyar, and Boyolali in Central Java Province. This research uses descriptive analysis, a cross-sectional design study, and the Geographic Information System (GIS) to carry out mapping. From the research results, it was found that the rat species that were positive for leptospira bacteria were Rattus norvegicus (31%), Rattus tanezumi (44.8%), and Rattus argentiventer (24.1%). Apart from that, only the sampling area and the presence of puddles in the gutter had significant results with the mouse PCR results with p<0.002 and p<0.03. Due to this, there are still many mice infected with leptospira bacteria in Central Java Province. For this reason, it is hoped that the public can increase awareness to always maintain a clean environment so that mice cannot breed freely. Apart from that, related agencies can carry out more monitoring of areas where leptospirosis is still endemic.
References
Anwar, M. R., Manyullei, S., Sjahril, R., Daud, A., Mallongi, A., & Hidayanty, H. (2020). Relationship of the Environmental Condition With the Presence of Leptospira in Rats in Flood Prone Areas in Makassar City. Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjnhc.2020.v03i08.001
Cardoso, J. L., Gaspar, A., & Esteves, C. L. (2022). Severe Leptospirosis: A Case Report. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30712
Cunha, M., Costa, F., Ribeiro, G. S., Carvalho, M. S., Reis, R. B., Nery, N., Pischel, L., Gouveia, E. L., Santos, A. C., Queiroz, A., Wunder, E. A., Reis, M. G. d., Diggle, P. J., & Ko, A. I. (2022). Rainfall and Other Meteorological Factors as Drivers of Urban Transmission of Leptospirosis. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007507
Damalia, F. P. I., Hidajah, A. C., & Ardiyansyah, A. (2021). Characteristics, Behavior, and Environmental Conditions Residence of Leptospirosis Patients in the District of Probolinggo. Journal of Health Science and Prevention. https://doi.org/10.29080/jhsp.v5i1.425
Desvars-Larrive, A., Smith, S., Munimanda, G. K., Bourhy, P., Waigner, T., Odom, M., Gliga, D. S., & Walzer, C. (2020). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira Infection in Urban Brown Rats (Rattus Norvegicus), Vienna, Austria. Urban Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-020-00957-9
Dewi, H. C., & Yudhastuti, R. (2019). Faktor Risiko Kejadian Leptospirosis Di Wilayah Kabupaten Gresik (Tahun 2017-2018). Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah. https://doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v4i1.2014
Dung, L. P., Hai, P. T., Hoa, L. M., Phuong, T. N., Hanh, N. T., Than, P. D., Tran, V. D., Quyet, N. T., Hoang, H., Ngoc, D. B., Thu, N. T., & Phuong, L. T. (2022). A Case–control Study of Agricultural and Behavioral Factors Associated With Leptospirosis in Vietnam. BMC Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07561-6
Ehelepola, N. D. B., Ariyaratne, K., & Dissanayake, W. P. (2019). The Correlation Between Local Weather and Leptospirosis Incidence in Kandy District, Sri Lanka From 2006 to 2015. Global Health Action. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2018.1553283
Ferrer, M. F., Scharrig, E., Charó, N. L., RÃpodas, A. L., Drut, R., Silva, E. A. C., Nagel, A. G., Nally, J. E., de, D. P. M., Schattner, M., & Gómez, R. M. (2018). Macrophages and Galectin 3 Control Bacterial Burden in Acute and Subacute Murine Leptospirosis That Determines Chronic Kidney Fibrosis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2018.00384
Gasem, M. H., Hadi, U., Alisjahbana, B., Tjitra, E., Hapsari, M., Lestari, E. S., Aman, A. T., Lokida, D., Salim, G., Kosasih, H., Merati, K. T. P., Laras, K., Arif, M., Lukman, N., Sudarmono, P., Lisdawati, V., Lau, C.-Y., Neal, A., & Karyana, M. (2020). Leptospirosis in Indonesia: Diagnostic Challenges Associated With Atypical Clinical Manifestations and Limited Laboratory Capacity. BMC Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-4903-5
Gunawan, G., Zamsiar, H., Wibowo, A. H., Selian, Y., & Utami, D. L. (2023). Detection of Leptospira Bacteria in Rats in Ciomas Sub-District, Bogor District, West Jawa Using Real-Time PCR Method. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-112-8_86
Hegazy, Y., Elmonir, W., Orieby, A., Eldesoukey, I. E., Fransis, M., & Al-Gaabary, M. H. (2021). Leptospirosis as a Neglected Burden at Human-Cattle Interface in Mid-Delta of Egypt. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.13231
Hinjoy, S., Kongyu, S., Doung-ngern, P., Doungchawee, G., Colombe, S., Tsukayama, R., & Suwancharoen, D. (2019). Environmental and Behavioral Risk Factors for Severe Leptospirosis in Thailand. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4020079
ILMA, K. i., Martini, M., & Raharjo, M. R. M. (2022). Spatial Analysis and Risk Factors of Leptospirosis in Indonesia. A Systematic Review. Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research. https://doi.org/10.20473/jcmphr.v3i2.40660
Lobo, L. T., Koraag, M. E., Widjaja, J., Joharina, A. S., & Pratiwi, A. P. (2020). Leptospirosis Pada Tikus Di Kabupaten Minahasa, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara Tahun 2016. Jurnal Vektor Penyakit. https://doi.org/10.22435/vektorp.v14i2.3189
Maze, M. J., Cash-Goldwasser, S., Rubach, M. P., Biggs, H. M., Galloway, R. L., Sharples, K., Allan, K. J., Halliday, J. E. B., Cleaveland, S., Shand, M., Muiruri, C., Kazwala, R., Saganda, W., Lwezaula, B. F., Mmbaga, B. T., Maro, V. P., & Crump, J. A. (2018). Risk Factors for Human Acute Leptospirosis in Northern Tanzania. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006372
Minter, A., Himsworth, C. G., Byers, K. A., Childs, J. E., Ko, A. I., & Costa, F. (2019). Tails of Two Cities: Age and Wounding Are Associated With Carriage of Leptospira Interrogans by Norway Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) in Ecologically Distinct Urban Environments. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00014
Nair, N., Guedes, M. S., Hajjar, A. M., Werts, C., & Gomes-Solecki, M. (2021). Role of TLR4 in Persistent Leptospira Interrogans Infection: A Comparative in Vivo Study in Mice. Frontiers in Immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.572999
Noach, S. M. C., & Noach, Y. R. (2020). Prevalence Rate and Causes of Leptospirosis Serovar on Cattle at Giwangan’s Abattoir of Yogyakarta. Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.32938/jtast.v2i1.597
Pellizzaro, M., Martins, C. M., Yamakawa, A. C., Ferraz, D. d. C., Morikawa, V. M., Ferreira, F., Santos, A. P. d., Biondo, A. W., & Langoni, H. (2019). Molecular Detection of Leptospira Spp. In Rats as Early Spatial Predictor for Human Disease in an Endemic Urban Area. Plos One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216830
Rafika, R., Adi, M. S., & Nurjazuli, N. (2023). Literature Review: Environmental Risk Factors of Leptospirosis in Indonesia. Poltekita Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan. https://doi.org/10.33860/jik.v16i4.1230
Rahman, A. N. A., Hadi, N. H. H., Sun, Z., Thilakavathy, K., & Joseph, N. (2021). Regional Prevalence of Intermediate Leptospira Spp. In Humans: A Meta-Analysis. Pathogens. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080943
Ratnaningsih, R., Hestiningsih, R., & Sutiningsih, D. (2023). Identifikasi Keberadaan Bakteri Leptospira Di Daerah Endemis Leptospirosis (Studi Di Dukuh Kalitengah Kecamatan Wedi Kabupaten Klaten). Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas. https://doi.org/10.14710/jekk.v8i1.6902
Sandhu, R. S., Ismail, H., Jaafar, M. H., & Rampal, S. (2020). The Predictive Factors for Severe Leptospirosis Cases in Kedah. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5020079
Santos, A. A. N., Ribeiro, P. d. S., França, G. V. d., Souza, F. N., Ramos, E. A. G., Figueira, C. P., Reis, M. G. d., Costa, F., & Ristow, P. (2021). Leptospira Interrogans Biofilm Formation in Rattus Norvegicus (Norway Rats) Natural Reservoirs. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009736
Schneider, A. J., Casanovasâ€Massana, A., Hacker, K. P., Wunder, E. A., Begon, M., Reis, M. G. d., Childs, J. E., Costa, F., Lindow, J. C., & Ko, A. I. (2018). Quantification of Pathogenic Leptospira in the Soils of a Brazilian Urban Slum. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006415
Sunaryo, S., & Priyanto, D. (2022). Leptospirosis in Rats and Livestock in Bantul and Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Veterinary World. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.1449-1455
Sunil-Chandra, N. P., Fahlman, Å., Waidyarathna, S., Näslund, J., Jayasundara, M., Wesula, L. O., & Bucht, G. (2022). Evidence of Orthohantavirus and Leptospira Infections in Small Mammals in an Endemic Area of Gampaha District in Sri Lanka. One Health Outlook. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-022-00073-y
Susanna, D., Nova, R. I. T., & Rozek, L. S. (2021). The Existence and Characteristics of Rats and Shrews in Endemic Leptospirosis Areas and Types of Ectoparasites: A Case Study of West Jakarta, Indonesia. F1000research. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.47068.1
Toemjai, T. (2023). Risk Factors Associated With Leptospirosis in Si Sa Ket Province, Thailand. International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i41401
Warnasekara, J., Srimantha, S., Kappagoda, C., Jayasundara, D., Senavirathna, I., Matthias, M., Agampodi, S., & Vinetz, J. M. (2022). Diagnostic Method-Based Underestimation of Leptospirosis in Clinical and Research Settings; An Experience From a Large Prospective Study in a High Endemic Setting. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010331
Author Biographies
Sriyani, Universitas Diponegoro
Dwi Sutiningsih, Fakultas Pascasarjana, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
Mateus Sakundarno Adi, Fakultas Pascasarjana, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
Dewi Puspito Sari, Fakultas Pascasarjana, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Sriyani, Dwi Sutiningsih, Mateus Sakundarno Adi, Dewi Puspito Sari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
