Crop Diversification Grown as Strip Intercropping Can Improve Farmers' Return in a Dryland with Sandy Soil
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v10i6.7730Published:
2024-06-20Issue:
Vol. 10 No. 6 (2024): JuneKeywords:
Cayenne pepper, Diversification, Maize, Mungbean, Strip intercroppingResearch Articles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
Maize and mungbean are two common crops grown in dryland areas with sandy soil structures. This study aimed to explore the potential of adding cayenne pepper to increase crop diversity using strip intercropping (SI) as a potential system to improve farmers' return. There were seven treatments tested: monoculture maize, monoculture mungbean, monoculture cayenne pepper, SI maize and mungbean, SI maize and cayenne pepper, SI mungbean and cayenne pepper, and SI maize, mungbean, and cayenne pepper. The size of the treatment plot was 700 cm × 500 cm, and all the treatments were arranged in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The study showed no difference in the land equivalent ratio (LER) for all the SI treatments, with a value of around 1.0. This indicates no advantage of SI over monocropping in terms of land usage. However, when the market prices valued the yield of each component crop in SI at harvest, the highest economic value came from monocrop cayenne pepper treatment (IDR 246 million ha-1). All the SI treatments involving cayenne pepper resulted in a higher return than the monoculture of maize or mungbean. The lowest economic value was shown by monoculture mungbean treatment (IDR 33.1 million ha-1). These results indicate that diversifying crops can improve farmers' return, especially by incorporating cayenne pepper in dryland with sandy soil.
References
Abdul Rahman, N., Larbi, A., Kotu, B., Asante, M. O., Akakpo, D. B., Mellon‐Bedi, S., & Hoeschle‐Zeledon, I. (2021). Maize–legume strip cropping effect on productivity, income, and income risk of farmers in northern Ghana. Agronomy Journal, 113(2), 1574-1585. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20536
Acín‐Carrera, M., José Marques, M., Carral, P., Álvarez, A., López, C., Martín‐López, B., & González, J. (2013). Impacts of land‐use intensity on soil organic carbon content, soil structure and water‐holding capacity. Soil use and Management, 29(4), 547-556. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12064
Adzawla, W., Azumah, S. B., Anani, P. Y., & Donkoh, S. A. (2020). Analysis of farm households’ perceived climate change impacts, vulnerability and resilience in Ghana. Scientific African, 8, e00397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00397
Amin, A., Mubeen, M., Hammad, H., & Nasim, W. (2015). Climate Smart Agriculture: an approach for sustainable food security. Agricultural Research Communication, 2(3), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.790
Arif, M., Ilyas, M., Riaz, M., Ali, K., Shah, K., Haq, I. U., & Fahad, S. (2017). Biochar improves phosphorus use efficiency of organic-inorganic fertilizers, maize-wheat productivity and soil quality in a low fertility alkaline soil. Field crops research, 214, 25-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.08.018
Beillouin, D., Ben‐Ari, T., Malézieux, E., Seufert, V., & Makowski, D. (2021). Positive but variable effects of crop diversification on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Global change biology, 27(19), 4697-4710. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15747
Bigelow, C. A., Bowman, D. C., & Cassel, D. K. (2001). Nitrogen leaching in sand-based rootzones amended with inorganic soil amendments and sphagnum peat. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 126(1), 151-156. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.126.1.151
Burgess, A. J., Cano, M. E. C., & Parkes, B. (2022). The deployment of intercropping and agroforestry as adaptation to climate change. Crop and Environment, 1(2), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2022.05.001
Cicchino, M., Edreira, J. R., & Otegui, M. E. (2010). Heat stress during late vegetative growth of maize: effects on phenology and assessment of optimum temperature. Crop science, 50(4), 1431-1437. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.07.0400
Cui, Y., Fang, L., Deng, L., Guo, X., Han, F., Ju, W., Wang, X., Chen, H., Tan, W., & Zhang, X. (2019). Patterns of soil microbial nutrient limitations and their roles in the variation of soil organic carbon across a precipitation gradient in an arid and semi-arid region. Science of the total environment, 658, 1440-1451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.289
Dariush, M., Ahad, M., & Meysam, O. (2006). Assessing the land equivalent ratio (LER) of two corn [Zea mays L.] varieties intercropping at various nitrogen levels in Karaj, Iran. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 7(2), 359-364.
De Pinto, A., Cenacchi, N., Kwon, H.-Y., Koo, J., & Dunston, S. (2020). Climate smart agriculture and global food-crop production. PLoS One, 15(4), e0231764. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231764
González-Zamora, A., Sierra-Campos, E., Luna-Ortega, J. G., Pérez-Morales, R., Ortiz, J. C. R., & García-Hernández, J. L. (2013). Characterization of different capsicum varieties by evaluation of their capsaicinoids content by high performance liquid chromatography, determination of pungency and effect of high temperature. Molecules, 18(11), 13471-13486. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules181113471
Gregorich, E., Drury, C., & Baldock, J. (2001). Changes in soil carbon under long-term maize in monoculture and legume-based rotation. Canadian journal of soil science, 81(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.4141/S00-041
Hariyono, D., Ali, F. Y., & Nugroho, A. (2021). Increasing the growth and development of chili-pepper under three different shading condition in response to biofertilizers application. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science, 43(1), 198-208. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v43i1.2833.
Hossain, M., Hasan, M., Sikder, S., & Chowdhury, A. (2017). Leaf characteristics and yield performance of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties under different levels of shading. https://doi.org/10.3329/agric.v15i2.35463
Hoyle, F. C., Baldock, J. A., & Murphy, D. V. (2011). Soil organic carbon–role in rainfed farming systems: with particular reference to Australian conditions. Rainfed farming systems, 339-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9132-2_14
Huss, C., Holmes, K., & Blubaugh, C. (2022). Benefits and risks of intercropping for crop resilience and pest management. Journal of economic entomology, 115(5), 1350-1362. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toac045
Jaya, I., Budianto, A., Hanafi, A., & Soemeinaboedhy, I. N. (2018). Technology assessment of growing superior mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties on a dryland in North Lombok. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 41(2).
Jaya, I., Soemeinaboedhy, I., & Sudika, I. (2020). Maize yield in a dryland area as affected by rainfall variability. IOP Conference series: Earth and environmental science, 411(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/411/1/012067
Jaya, I., & Sudika, I. (2021). Mungbean-maize rotation improved soil properties and maize yield in dryland. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 712(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/712/1/012020
Jaya, I., Suheri, H., & Wangiyana, W. (2021). Can organic soil ameliorant and foliar organic fertilizer improve maize yield and reduce inorganic fertilizers input in a dryland semiarid? IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 712(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/712/1/012012
Kumar, M., Mitra, S., Mazumdar, S. P., Majumdar, B., Saha, A. R., Singh, S. R., Pramanick, B., Gaber, A., Alsanie, W. F., & Hossain, A. (2021). Improvement of soil health and system productivity through crop diversification and residue incorporation under jute-based different cropping systems. Agronomy, 11(8), 1622. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081622.
Lin, B. B. (2011). Resilience in agriculture through crop diversification: adaptive management for environmental change. BioScience, 61(3), 183-193. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.3.4
Makate, C., Wang, R., Makate, M., & Mango, N. (2016). Crop diversification and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe: adaptive management for environmental change. SpringerPlus, 5, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2802-4.
Malaviarachchi, M., De Costa, W., Kumara, J., Suriyagoda, L., & Fonseka, R. (2016). Response of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) to an increasing natural temperature gradient under different crop management systems. Journal of agronomy and crop science, 202(1), 51-68. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12131
Mead, R., & Willey, R. (1980). The concept of a ‘land equivalent ratio’and advantages in yields from intercropping. Experimental agriculture, 16(3), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479700010978
Megyes, M., Borsodi, A. K., Árendás, T., & Márialigeti, K. (2021). Variations in the diversity of soil bacterial and archaeal communities in response to different long-term fertilization regimes in maize fields. Applied Soil Ecology, 168, 104120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104120.
Mzyece, A., & Ng'ombe, J. N. (2021). Crop diversification improves technical efficiency and reduces income variability in Northern Ghana. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 5, 100162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2021.100162.
Njeru, E. M. (2013). Crop diversification: a potential strategy to mitigate food insecurity by smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 3(4), 63–69-63–69. https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2013.034.006
Olatunji, T. L., & Afolayan, A. J. (2018). The suitability of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) for alleviating human micronutrient dietary deficiencies: A review. Food science & nutrition, 6(8), 2239-2251. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.790
Pataczek, L., Zahir, Z. A., Ahmad, M., Rani, S., Nair, R., Schafleitner, R., Cadisch, G., & Hilger, T. (2018). Beans with benefits—the role of Mungbean (Vigna radiate) in a changing environment. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 9(07), 1577. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2018.97115
Paul Jr, M., Aihounton, G. B., & Lokossou, J. C. (2023). Climate-smart agriculture and food security: Cross-country evidence from West Africa. Global Environmental Change, 81, 102697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102697
Ren, W., Banger, K., Tao, B., Yang, J., Huang, Y., & Tian, H. (2020). Global pattern and change of cropland soil organic carbon during 1901-2010: Roles of climate, atmospheric chemistry, land use and management. Geography and Sustainability, 1(1), 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2020.03.001
Rosenzweig, C., Tubiello, F. N., Goldberg, R., Mills, E., & Bloomfield, J. (2002). Increased crop damage in the US from excess precipitation under climate change. Global Environmental Change, 12(3), 197-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00008-0
Tui, S. H.-K., Descheemaeker, K., Valdivia, R. O., Masikati, P., Sisito, G., Moyo, E. N., Crespo, O., Ruane, A. C., & Rosenzweig, C. (2021). Climate change impacts and adaptation for dryland farming systems in Zimbabwe: a stakeholder-driven integrated multi-model assessment. Climatic Change, 168(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03151-8
Uzoh, I. M., Igwe, C. A., Okebalama, C. B., & Babalola, O. O. (2019). Legume-maize rotation effect on maize productivity and soil fertility parameters under selected agronomic practices in a sandy loam soil. Scientific reports, 9(1), 8539. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43679-5
van Zonneveld, M., Turmel, M.-S., & Hellin, J. (2020). Decision-making to diversify farm systems for climate change adaptation. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 32. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00032.
Wang, L., Zhao, Y., Al-Kaisi, M., Yang, J., Chen, Y., & Sui, P. (2020). Effects of seven diversified crop rotations on selected soil health indicators and wheat productivity. Agronomy, 10(2), 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020235
Wang, W., Li, M.-Y., Gong, D.-S., Zhou, R., Khan, A., Zhu, Y., Zhu, H., Abrar, M., Zhu, S.-G., & Wang, B.-Z. (2022). Water use of intercropped species: Maize-soybean, soybean-wheat and wheat-maize. Agricultural Water Management, 269, 107690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107690.
Worku, W. (2014). Sequential intercropping of common bean and mung bean with maize in southern Ethiopia. Experimental agriculture, 50(1), 90-108. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479713000434
Yadav, M., Parihar, C., Jat, S., Singh, A., Kumar, R., Yadav, R., Kuri, B., Parihar, M., Yadav, B., & Verma, A. (2017). Long term effect of legume intensified crop rotations and tillage practices on productivity and profitability of maize vis-a-vis soil fertility in North-Western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Legume Research-An International Journal, 40(2), 282-290. https://doi.org/10.18805/lr.v0i0.7583
Author Biographies
I Komang Damar Jaya, University of Mataram
Herman Suheri, University of Mataram
Wayan Wangiyana, University of Mataram
Akhmad Zubaidi, University of Mataram
License
Copyright (c) 2024 I Komang Damar Jaya, Herman Suheri, Wayan Wangiyana, Akhmad Zubaidi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
