Sudden Cardiac Death in Adolescent Athletes and the Role of Genetic Screening : A Literature Review

Authors

Ami Febby Triani , Gusril , Arsil , Ronni Yenes , Adri Budiwanto , Yovhandra Ockta

DOI:

10.29303/jppipa.v9iSpecialIssue.7810

Published:

2023-12-31

Issue:

Vol. 9 No. SpecialIssue (2023): UNRAM journals and research based on science education, science applications towards a golden Indonesia 2045

Keywords:

Adolescent Athletes, Genetic Screening, Sudden cardiac death

Review

Downloads

How to Cite

Triani, A. F., Gusril, G., Arsil, A., Yenes, R., Budiwanto, A., & Ockta, Y. (2023). Sudden Cardiac Death in Adolescent Athletes and the Role of Genetic Screening : A Literature Review. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(SpecialIssue), 222–230. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9iSpecialIssue.7810
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Abstract

Sudden death, particularly among seemingly healthy individuals, presents a critical challenge in both medical and athletic communities. This literature review investigates sudden cardiac death (SCD) in adolescent athletes, emphasizing the role of genetic screening. Utilizing various studies from 2019 to 2024, the review highlights that SCD, while rare, often stems from cardiovascular issues such as cardiomyopathy and coronary artery anomalies. Pre-participation screening, including ECGs, is crucial in identifying at-risk individuals, yet raises ethical debates regarding athlete disqualification. Genetic factors play a significant role, with inherited heart conditions frequently implicated in SCD cases. Comprehensive genetic screening and family evaluations are vital, although widespread implementation is hindered by limited positive outcomes and potential psychosocial effects. Epidemiological studies reveal a higher incidence of SCD during competitive sports, underscoring the need for tailored prevention strategies. Findings emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in enhancing screening methods, risk assessment, and preventive interventions to mitigate sudden mortality in young athletes. The study concludes that lifestyle modifications, promoted by health organizations, and advancements in genetic diagnosis are essential in improving the health and safety of athletes. Efforts to integrate cardiovascular and genetic screening into clinical and athletic practice are paramount, aiming to reduce the incidence of SCD and enhance the well-being of young athletes globally.

References

Abdin, A., Anker, S. D., Butler, J., Coats, A. J. S., Kindermann, I., Lainscak, M., Lund, L. H., Metra, M., Mullens, W., Rosano, G., Slawik, J., Wintrich, J., & Böhm, M. (2021). ‘Time is prognosis’ in heart failure: time-to-treatment initiation as a modifiable risk factor. ESC Heart Failure, 8(6), 4444–4453. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.13646

Angelini, P., Muthupillai, R., Cheong, B., & Paisley, R. (2020). We have plenty of reasons to propose new, updated policies for preventing sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.014368

Anurupa, C., Aditya Madhab, B., & Himangshu, D. (2021). Burden and commonest cause of sudden natural death among medicolegal autopsies in a tertiary care centre: a retrospective study. International Journal of Health Research and Medico-Legal Practice, 7(2), 38–42. https://doi.org/10.31741/ijhrmlp.v7.i2.2021.7

Baigent, C., Windecker, S., Andreini, D., Arbelo, E., Barbato, E., Bartorelli, A. L., Baumbach, A., Behr, E. R., Berti, S., Bueno, H., Capodanno, D., Cappato, R., Chieffo, A., Collet, J. P., Cuisset, T., De Simone, G., Delgado, V., Dendale, P., Dudek, D., … Williams, B. (2022). European Society of Cardiology guidance for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: part 1 - epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis. Cardiovascular Research, 118(6), 1385–1412. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvab342

Bhattacharya, S., Heidler, P., & Varshney, S. (2023). Incorporating neglected non-communicable diseases into the national health program—A review. Frontiers in Public Health, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1093170

Buijtendijk, M. F. J., Barnett, P., & van den Hoff, M. J. B. (2020). Development of the human heart. American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics, 184(1), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31778

Chaeroni, A., Pranoto, N. W., Tohidin, D., Gusril, & Sepriadi. (2023). Promotion of Physical Activity Programs Outside School Hours to Support the Great Design of Indonesian National Sports. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(1), 193–200. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2023.110123

Chahal, C. A. A., Salloum, M. N., Alahdab, F., Gottwald, J. A., Tester, D. J., Anwer, L. A., So, E. L., Murad, M. H., St Louis, E. K., Ackerman, M. J., & Somers, V. K. (2020). Systematic Review of the Genetics of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy: Potential Overlap With Sudden Cardiac Death and Arrhythmia-Related Genes. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.012264

Christoffels, V., & Jensen, B. (2020). Cardiac morphogenesis: Specification of the four-chambered heart. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 12(10), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a037143

Couper, K., Putt, O., Field, R., Poole, K., Bradlow, W., Clarke, A., Perkins, G. D., Royle, P., Yeung, J., & Taylor-Phillips, S. (2020). Incidence of sudden cardiac death in the young: A systematic review. BMJ Open, 10(10), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040815

Damayanti, S., Suarka, I. N., Banda, M. M., & Purnawati, K. W. (2024). Ideology of Disaster Education Trauma Handling Post-Earthquake in Picture Stories Book: Critical Discourse Analysis. International Review of Humanities Studies, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/irhs.v9i1.1274

Finocchiaro, G., Radaelli, D., D’Errico, S., Papadakis, M., Behr, E. R., Sharma, S., Westaby, J., & Sheppard, M. N. (2023). Sudden Cardiac Death Among Adolescents in the United Kingdom. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 81(11), 1007–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2023.01.041

Franklin, B. A., Thompson, P. D., Al-Zaiti, S. S., Albert, C. M., Hivert, M. F., Levine, B. D., Lobelo, F., Madan, K., Sharrief, A. Z., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2020). Exercise-Related Acute Cardiovascular Events and Potential Deleterious Adaptations Following Long-Term Exercise Training: Placing the Risks into Perspective-An Update: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. In Circulation (Vol. 141, Issue 13). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000749

Gardiner, D., McGee, A., & Bernat, J. L. (2020). Permanent brain arrest as the sole criterion of death in systemic circulatory arrest. Anaesthesia, 75(9), 1223–1228. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15050

Gusril, Rasyid, W., Komaini, A., Chaeroni, A., & Kalsum, U. (2022). The Effect of Physical Activity-Based Physical Education Learning Model in the Form of Games. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(5), 906–912. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100506

Gusril, Rasyid, W., Mariati, S., Chaeroni, A., Arrasyih, F., Lopes, V. P., Talib, K., & Hong, F. (2024). Physical Activity in the Form of Children’s Games and Motor Ability in a Group of Indigenous People in Indonesia. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 12(2), 345–355. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2024.120209

Ha, F. J., Han, H. C., Sanders, P., Fendel, K., Teh, A. W., Kalman, J. M., O’donnell, D., Leong, T., Farouque, O., & Lim, H. S. (2020). Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young: Incidence, Trends, and Risk Factors in a Nationwide Study. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 13(10), E006470. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.006470

Hansen, C. J., Svane, J., Palsøe, M. K., Isbister, J. C., Paratz, E., Molina, P., Morentin, B., Winkel, B. G., La Gerche, A., Linnet, K., Banner, J., Lucena, J., Semsarian, C., & Tfelt-Hansen, J. (2024). Toxicology Screening in Sports-Related Sudden Cardiac Death: A Multinational Observational Study. JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology, 10(3), 515–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2023.11.006

Haris, F., Ilham, Taufan, J., Aulia, F., Gusril, Komaini, A., & Pranoto, N. W. (2023). Development of the Physical Activity Learning through QR Code Android-Based and Teaching Books for the Deaf. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(3), 683–690. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2023.110323

Joffe, A. R., Khaira, G., & de Caen, A. R. (2021). The intractable problems with brain death and possible solutions. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 16(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13010-021-00107-9

John, R. M. (2004). Sudden cardiac death. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine, 6(5), 347–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11936-004-0018-3

Kelly. (2023). Sudden cardiac death in the young: A consensus statement on recommended practices for cardiac examination by pathologists from the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology. Cardiovascular Pathology Journal, 63, 1–12.

Kumar, A., Avishay, D. M., Jones, C. R., Shaikh, J. D., Kaur, R., Aljadah, M., Kichloo, A., Shiwalkar, N., & Keshavamurthy, S. (2021). Sudden cardiac death: Epidemiology, pathogenesis and management. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, 22(1), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.31083/J.RCM.2021.01.207

Ling, W., Huang, Y., Huang, Y. M., Fan, R. R., Sui, Y., & Zhao, H. L. (2020). Global trend of diabetes mortality attributed to vascular complications, 2000–2016. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 19(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-020-01159-5

López, L., & Rodó, X. (2020). The end of social confinement and COVID-19 re-emergence risk. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(7), 746–755. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0908-8

Lucena, J. S. (2019). Sudden cardiac death. Forensic Sciences Research, 4(3), 199–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2019.1622062

Meier, L. J. (2022). The Demise of Brain Death. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 73(2), 487–508. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axz045

Mohebi, S., Parham, M., Sharifirad, G., & Gharlipour, Z. (2018). Social Support and Self ‑ Care Behavior Study. January, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp

Mukasheva, G., Abenova, M., Shaltynov, A., Tsigengage, O., Mussabekova, Z., Bulegenov, T., Shalgumbaeva, G., & Semenova, Y. (2022). Incidence and Mortality of Cardiovascular Disease in the Republic of Kazakhstan: 2004-2017. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 51(4), 821–830. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v51i4.9243

Murray, C. J. L., & Lopez, A. D. (1997). Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet, 349(9061), 1269–1276. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07493-4

Nel, A. (2021). ‘Why not follow our words bodily into the future tense?’’: Life, death and posthuman bodies in Don DeLillo’s Zero K.’ Literator, 42(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4102/lit.v42i1.1748

Reza, N. A., Belmont, R., Marston, J., & Nicholas. (2024). The Expansion of Genetic Testing in Cardiovascular Medicine: Preparing the Cardiology Community for the Changing Landscape. Current Cardiology Reports, 26, 135–146.

Roth, G. A., Mensah, G. A., & Fuster, V. (2020). The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks: A Compass for Global Action. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 76(25), 2980–2981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.021

Sadowska, M., Sarecka-Hujar, B., & Kopyta, I. (2020). Cerebral palsy: Current opinions on definition, epidemiology, risk factors, classification and treatment options. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 16, 1505–1518. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S235165

Salzillo, C., Sansone, V., & Napolitano, F. (2024). Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young: State-of-the-Art Review in Molecular Autopsy. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 46(4), 3313–3327. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46040207

Sarto, P. Z., Merlo, A., Vessella, L., Pegoraro, T., Giorgiano, C., Graziano, F., Basso, F., Drezner, C., Corrado, J., & Domenico. (2023). Value of screening for the risk of sudden cardiac death in young competitive athletes. European Heart Journal, 44, 1084–1092.

Sessa, F., Esposito, M., Messina, G., Di Mizio, G., Di Nunno, N., & Salerno, M. (2021). Sudden death in adults: A practical flow chart for pathologist guidance. Healthcare (Switzerland), 9(7), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070870

Simão, A. Y., Antunes, M., Cabral, E., Oliveira, P., Rosendo, L. M., Brinca, A. T., Alves, E., Marques, H., Rosado, T., Passarinha, L. A., Andraus, M., Barroso, M., & Gallardo, E. (2022). An Update on the Implications of New Psychoactive Substances in Public Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084869

Smith, S. C., Collins, A., Ferrari, R., Holmes, D. R., Logstrup, S., McGhie, D. V., Ralston, J., Sacco, R. L., Stam, H., Taubert, K., Wood, D. A., & Zoghbi, W. A. (2012). Our time: A call to save preventable death from cardiovascular disease (heart disease and stroke). Circulation, 126(23), 2769–2775. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e318267e99f

Stafford. (2022). The role of genetic testing in diagnosis and care of inherited cardiac conditions in a specialised multidisciplinary clinic. Genome Medicine, 14(145).

Sugiyono. (2018). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (Pendekatan Kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R & D (27th ed.). Alfabeta.

Tabian, D., Drochioiu, G., Damian, S. I., Girlescu, N., Toma Gradinaru, O., Toma, S. I., & Bulgaru Iliescu, D. (2021). Toxic blood hydrogen cyanide concentration as a vital sign of a deceased room fire victim-case report. Toxics, 9(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9020036

Tomasoni, D., Adamo, M., Anker, M. S., von Haehling, S., Coats, A. J. S., & Metra, M. (2020). Heart failure in the last year: progress and perspective. ESC Heart Failure, 7(6), 3505–3530. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.13124

Wang, Y., & Wang, J. (2020). Modelling and prediction of global non-communicable diseases. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08890-4

Yan, L., Zhang, H. T., Goncalves, J., Xiao, Y., Wang, M., Guo, Y., Sun, C., Tang, X., Jing, L., Zhang, M., Huang, X., Xiao, Y., Cao, H., Chen, Y., Ren, T., Wang, F., Xiao, Y., Huang, S., Tan, X., … Yuan, Y. (2020). An interpretable mortality prediction model for COVID-19 patients. Nature Machine Intelligence, 2(5), 283–288. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7

Zhou, B., Zang, R., Zhang, M., Song, P., Liu, L., Bie, F., Peng, Y., Bai, G., & Gao, S. (2022). Worldwide burden and epidemiological trends of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer: A population-based study. EBioMedicine, 78, 103951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103951

Zimmerman, M. S., Smith, A. G. C., Sable, C. A., Echko, M. M., Wilner, L. B., Olsen, H. E., Atalay, H. T., Awasthi, A., Bhutta, Z. A., Boucher, J. L. A., Castro, F., Cortesi, P. A., Dubey, M., Fischer, F., Hamidi, S., Hay, S. I., Hoang, C. L., Hugo-Hamman, C., Jenkins, K. J., … Kassebaum, N. J. (2020). Global, regional, and national burden of congenital heart disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 4(3), 185–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30402-X

Zuraidah, E., Kharismarini, P., Edwar, S. Q., & Handayani, S. I. (2023). The Association Between Number of Parity and Incidence of Woman Breast Cancer at Dr . Cipto Mangunkusumo National General hospital Jakarta A Cross Sectional Study. Journal of Womens Healthcare & Midwifery Research, 2(3), 1–6.

Author Biographies

Ami Febby Triani, Universitas Negeri Padang

Gusril, Universitas Negeri Padang

Arsil, Universitas Negeri Padang

Ronni Yenes, Universitas Negeri Padang

Adri Budiwanto, Universitas Negeri Padang

Yovhandra Ockta, Universitas Negeri Padang

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Ami Febby Triani, Gusril, Ronni Yenes, Adri Budiwanto, Yovhandra Ockta

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).