Low Class Primary School Students' Handwriting Readability Using Behaviorism Theory
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v10iSpecialIssue.8114Published:
2024-08-25Issue:
Vol. 10 No. SpecialIssue (2024): In PressKeywords:
Behaviorism theory, Handwriting, Low classResearch Articles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
Handwriting is a typical work result expressed in the form of letters, symbols and numbers. This research uses qualitative research methods with a case study design. The aim of the research was to determine the legibility of class 1 students' handwriting. The data collection instruments used were in-depth interviews, observation and document study. Researchers validated the data by triangulating data collection techniques and triangulating data sources. The results of the research are that behaviorism theory provides an understanding of how the legibility of lower grade elementary school students' handwriting develops through learning, experience and reinforcement. However, other factors also need to be considered in understanding the legibility of students' handwriting.
References
Akila, S. (2016). Effect of Basketball Dribbling Practice on Cursive Handwriting of Primary School Children. International Journal of Science and Research, 5(8), 2319–7064. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/Xj3rb
Alamargot, D., Morin, M.-F., & Simard-Dupuis, E. (2020). Handwriting delay in dyslexia: children at the end of primary school still make numerous short pauses when producing letters. Journal Learning Disabilities, 53, 163–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/002221942090370
Alstad, Z. H., Doan, A. P., Lancaster, S. B., Simmons, B., Smith, C., & Wicker. (2016). A Comparison of Print and Cursive Handwriting in Fifth and Sixth Grade Students: A Pilot Study. The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy, 4(6), 15453 216 –6408 120. https://doi.org/10.15453/2168-6408.1207
Apel, K. (2011). What is orthographic knowledge? Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools. Educatif Journal of Education Research, 42(4), 592–603. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2011/10-0085)
Apel, K., Henbest, V., & Masterson, J. (2013). Orthographic knowledge: Clarifications, challenges, and future directions. Reading and Writing An Interdisciplinary Journal, 32(4), 873–889. https://doi.org/0.1007/s11145-018-9895-9
Apel, K., Henbest, V., & Masterson, J. (2018). Orthographic knowledge: Clarifications, challenges, and future directions. Reading and Writing An Interdisciplinary Journal, 32(4), 873–889. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-018-9895-9
Arif, H. M., Suhirman, L., Karuru, P., Mawene, A., Supriyadi, A., Junaidin, M. P., Wiratama, W. M. P., Rumfot, S., Arifin, S. P., & Prastawa, S. (2024). Konsep Dasar Teori Pembelajaran. Jawa Tengah: Cendikia Mulia Mandiri.
Bara, F., & Morin, M. F. (2013). Does the handwriting style learned in first grade determine the style used in the fourth and fifth grades and influence handwriting speed and quality? A comparison between French and Quebec children. Psychol. Sch., 50, 601–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21691
Barnhart, A. S., & Goldinger, S. D. (2013). Rotation reveals the importance of configural cues in handwritten word perception. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 20(6), 1319–1326. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-013-0435-y
Bayat, S., & Küçükayar, H. (2016). Relationship between Legible Handwriting and Level of Success of Third Grade Students in Written Expression. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(10). https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v4i10.1717
Calkins, L., Hohne, K., & Robb, A. (2015). Writing pathways: performance assessments and learning progressions. Heinemann Publishing.
Duff, S., & Goyen, T.-A. (2013). Reliability and validity of the Evaluation Tool of Children’s Handwriting-Cursvie (ETCH-C) using the general scoring criteria. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64, 37-46. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.64.1.37
Gosse, C., Parmentier, M., & Van Reybroeck, M. (2021). How do spelling, handwriting speed, and handwriting quality develop during primary school? Cross-classified growth curve analysis of children’s writing development. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 685681. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685681
Khair, U., & Misnawati, M. (2022). Indonesian language teaching in elementary school: Cooperative learning model explicit type instructions chronological technique of events on narrative writing skills from interview texts. Linguistics and Culture Review, 6(S2), 172–184. https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6nS2.1974
Lee, A. L., & Lape, J. E. (2020). A cognitive, self-monitoring intervention for handwriting with second-grade students. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 13(2), 170–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2019.1672604
Mahmudi, M. (2016). Penerapan Teori Behavioristik Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab (Kajian Terhadap Pemikiran Bf. Skinner). Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Bahasa Arab II, 02(01), 429–435. Retrieved from http://prosiding.arab-um.com/index.php/konasbara/article/view/89
Marougkas, A., Troussas, C., Krouska, A., & Sgouropoulou, C. (2023). Virtual reality in education: a review of learning theories, approaches and methodologies for the last decade. Electronics, 12(13), 2832. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132832
McPherson, K. (2022). Educators’ Perceptions of Instructional Methods and Accommodations for Students with Written Expression Difficulties in a Virtual Elementary Setting: A Case Study [Northcentral University]. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/blk2d
Morse, W. H., & Kelleher, R. T. (2022). Determinants of reinforcement and punishment. In Handbook of operant behavior (pp. 174–200). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003256670-8
Rini, T. A., & Cahyanto, B. (2020). Supporting elementary students creative writing skill with assessment as learning. 2nd Early Childhood and Primary Childhood Education (ECPE 2020), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201112.010
Rumjaun, A., & Narod, F. (2020). Social learning theory—albert bandura. Science Education in Theory and Practice: An Introductory Guide to Learning Theory, 85–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43620-9_7
Saracho, O. N. (2023). Theories of child development and their impact on early childhood education and care. Early Childhood Education Journal, 51(1), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01271-5
Suardipa, I. P., Widiara, I. K., & Indrawati, N. M. (2021). Urgensi Soft skill dalam Perspektif Teori Behavioristik. Edukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 2(1), 63–74. Retrieved from http://jurnal.stahnmpukuturan.ac.id/index.php/edukasi/article/view/1393
Tang, T. L.-P. (2024). Detecting honest people’s lies in handwriting: The power of the Ten Commandments and internalized ethical values. In Monetary Wisdom (pp. 407–425). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-15453-9.00020-6
Thomas, S., Goel, M., & Agrawal, D. (2020). A framework for analyzing financial behavior using machine learning classification of personality through handwriting analysis. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 26, 100315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100315
Wiley, R. W., & Rapp, B. (2021). The effects of handwriting experience on literacy learning. Psychological Science, 32(7), 1086–1103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797621993111
Author Biographies
Ade Eka Anggraini, Universitas Negeri Malang
Radeni Sukma, Universitas Negeri Malang
Oktaviani Adhi Suciptaningsih, Universitas Negeri Malang
Mardhatillah, Universitas Negeri Malang
Moh. Rozy Zamroni, Universitas Negeri Malang
Okta Mela Cikal Santoso, Universitas Negeri Malang
May Yati, Universitas Negeri Malang
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ade Eka Anggraini, Radeni Sukma, Oktaviani Adhi Suciptaningsih, Mardhatillah, Moh. Rozy Zamroni, Okta Mela Cikal Santoso, May Yati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
