Comparison of Composting Results Using the Batu Terawang Method and Open Windrow Method
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i2.8184Published:
2025-02-25Downloads
Abstract
Composting is a waste management process that converts organic material into humus that can be reused. Composting can be applied using several methods such as the open windrow method, this method is a way of making compost that will get sufficient aeration so that it will help the compost maturity process more quickly. The aim of this research is to compare the results of composting using the open brick method and open windrow based on chemical parameters. During the composting process, a different bioactivator was added to each compost, using two bioactivators, namely MoL and M-Bio, and periodic checks were carried out every three days during the six weeks of composting. Based on the comparison results, the C, P content and C/N ratio in the two methods produced content values that were not significantly different, however, in the overlay brick method, the control compost was superior in terms of P content and C/N ratio. Meanwhile, the open windrow method has a consistent increase in C, P content and C/N ratio.
Keywords:
Brick method, Comparison, CompostingReferences
Afifah, N., Auvaria, S. W., Nengse, S., Utama, T. T., & Yusrianti, Y. (2021). Studi Komparasi Metode Pengomposan Secara Windrow, Bata Berongga Dan Vermikomposting. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan: Jurnal Dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan, 19(1), 121–128. https://doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v19i1.468
Ahmed, T., Noman, M., Qi, Y., Shahid, M., Hussain, S., Masood, H. A., Xu, L., Ali, H. M., Negm, S., El-Kott, A. F., Yao, Y., Qi, X., & Li, B. (2023). Fertilization of Microbial Composts: A Technology for Improving Stress Resilience in Plants. Plants, 12(20), 3550. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203550
Ayilara, M., Olanrewaju, O., Babalola, O., & Odeyemi, O. (2020). Waste Management through Composting: Challenges and Potentials. Sustainability, 12(11), 4456. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114456
Chen, W., Modi, D., & Picot, A. (2023). Soil and Phytomicrobiome for Plant Disease Suppression and Management under Climate Change: A Review. Plants, 12(14), 2736. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142736
Cummings, J. A., Parker, I. M., & Gilbert, G. S. (2023). The Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition on Growth of the Invasive C4 Grass Saccharum spontaneum. International Journal of Plant Biology, 14(2), 474–482. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14020036
Destiasari, A., Sumiyati, S., & Istirokhatun, T. (2024). Review Metode Kompos Aerob: Windrow, Takakura dan Composter Bag. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 22(2), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.22.2.355-364
Devlin, T. R., Di Biase, A., Wei, V., Elektorowicz, M., & Oleszkiewicz, J. A. (2017). Removal of Soluble Phosphorus from Surface Water Using Iron (Fe–Fe) and Aluminum (Al–Al) Electrodes. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(23), 13825–13833. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02353
Dewilda, Y., Silvia, S., Riantika, M., & Zulkarnaini. (2021). Food Waste Composting with The Addition Of Cow Rumen Using The Takakura Method and Identification of Bacteria that Role in Composting. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1041(1), 012028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1041/1/012028
Gerke, J. (2022). The Central Role of Soil Organic Matter in Soil Fertility and Carbon Storage. Soil Systems, 6(2), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6020033
Giagnoni, L., Martellini, T., Scodellini, R., Cincinelli, A., & Renella, G. (2020). Co-composting: An Opportunity to Produce Compost with Designated Tailor-Made Properties. In H. Hettiarachchi, S. Caucci, & K. Schwärzel (Eds.), Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking (pp. 185–211). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_9
Guliyev, V., Tanunchai, B., Udovenko, M., Menyailo, O., Glaser, B., Purahong, W., Buscot, F., & Blagodatskaya, E. (2023). Degradation of Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastic and Its Contribution to Soil Organic Carbon Stock. Polymers, 15(3), 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15030660
Harju, A. V., Närhi, I., Mattsson, M., Kerminen, K., & Kontro, M. H. (2021). Organic Matter Causes Chemical Pollutant Dissipation Along With Adsorption and Microbial Degradation. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 9, 666222. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.666222
Hasna, N., Juwana, I., & Satori, M. (2020). Studi Komparasi Komposter Berbasis Masyarakat. Jurnal Reka Lingkungan, 9(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.26760/rekalingkungan.v9i1.34-44
Hettiarachchi, H., Bouma, J., Caucci, S., & Zhang, L. (2020). Organic Waste Composting Through Nexus Thinking: Linking Soil and Waste as a Substantial Contribution to Sustainable Development. In H. Hettiarachchi, S. Caucci, & K. Schwärzel (Eds.), Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking (pp. 1–15). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_1
Jalalipour, H., Jaafarzadeh, N., Morscheck, G., Narra, S., & Nelles, M. (2020). Potential of Producing Compost from Source-Separated Municipal Organic Waste (A Case Study in Shiraz, Iran). Sustainability, 12(22), 9704. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229704
Kassa, A., Sekine, R., Dorji, T., Pathak, G. K., Hayano, K., Yamauchi, H., & Mochizuki, Y. (2024). Insights into water absorption characteristics of various waste-based inorganic additives and their application for soil stabilization. Journal of Cleaner Production, 446, 141470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141470
Kaswinarni, F., & Nugraha, A. A. S. (2020). Kadar Fosfor, Kalium dan Sifat Fisik Pupuk Kompos Sampah Organik Pasar dengan Penambahan Starter EM4, Kotoran Sapi dan Kotoran Ayam. Titian Ilmu: Jurnal Ilmiah Multi Sciences, 12(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.30599/jti.v12i1.534
Kibria, Md. G., Masuk, N. I., Safayet, R., Nguyen, H. Q., & Mourshed, M. (2023). Plastic Waste: Challenges and Opportunities to Mitigate Pollution and Effective Management. International Journal of Environmental Research, 17(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00507-z
Kong, Z., Wang, X., Liu, Q., Li, T., Chen, X., Chai, L., Liu, D., & Shen, Q. (2018). Evolution of various fractions during the windrow composting of chicken manure with rice chaff. Journal of Environmental Management, 207, 366–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.023
Leifeld, J., Klein, K., & Wüst-Galley, C. (2020). Soil organic matter stoichiometry as indicator for peatland degradation. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 7634. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64275-y
Mabagala, F. S., & Mng’ong’o, M. E. (2022). On the tropical soils; The influence of organic matter (OM) on phosphate bioavailability. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(5), 3635–3641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.056
Malinverno, A., & Martinez, E. A. (2015). The effect of temperature on organic carbon degradation in marine sediments. Scientific Reports, 5(1), 17861. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17861
Novita, E., Antang, E. U., Lautt, B. S., & Surawijaya, P. (2021). Kualitas Kompos Cacing Tanah Lumbricus rubellus Pada Pakan dan Media yang Berbeda. Jurnal Penelitian UPR, 1(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.52850/jptupr.v1i1.3159
Palaniveloo, K., Amran, M. A., Norhashim, N. A., Mohamad-Fauzi, N., Peng-Hui, F., Hui-Wen, L., Kai-Lin, Y., Jiale, L., Chian-Yee, M. G., Jing-Yi, L., Gunasekaran, B., & Razak, S. A. (2020). Food Waste Composting and Microbial Community Structure Profiling. Processes, 8(6), 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8060723
Rastogi, M., Nandal, M., & Khosla, B. (2020). Microbes as vital additives for solid waste composting. Heliyon, 6(2), e03343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03343
Razaq, M., Zhang, P., Shen, H., & Salahuddin. (2017). Influence of nitrogen and phosphorous on the growth and root morphology of Acer mono. PLOS ONE, 12(2), e0171321. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171321
Rehman, R. A., & Qayyum, M. F. (2020). Co-composts of sewage sludge, farm manure and rock phosphate can substitute phosphorus fertilizers in rice-wheat cropping system. Journal of Environmental Management, 259, 109700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109700
Rochaeni, A., Ariantara, B., Mulyatna, L., Nugraha, A., & Apriansyah, R. (2024). The Effect of Air Flow and Stirring Frequency in Continuous Thermophilic Composting. Journal of Community Based Environmental Engineering and Management, 8(8), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v8i1.12958
Santoro, V., Schiavon, M., & Celi, L. (2024). Role of soil abiotic processes on phosphorus availability and plant responses with a focus on strigolactones in tomato plants. Plant and Soil, 494(1–2), 1–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06266-2
Sayara, T., Basheer-Salimia, R., Hawamde, F., & Sánchez, A. (2020). Recycling of Organic Wastes through Composting: Process Performance and Compost Application in Agriculture. Agronomy, 10(11), 1838. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111838
Siddiqua, A., Hahladakis, J. N., & Al-Attiya, W. A. K. A. (2022). An overview of the environmental pollution and health effects associated with waste landfilling and open dumping. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(39), 58514–58536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21578-z
Solomon, W., Mutum, L., Janda, T., & Molnár, Z. (2023). Potential benefit of microalgae and their interaction with bacteria to sustainable crop production. Plant Growth Regulation, 101(1), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-023-01019-8
Trivana, L., & Pradhana, A. Y. (2017). Optimalisasi Waktu Pengomposan dan Kualitas Pupuk Kandang dari Kotoran Kambing dan Debu Sabut Kelapa dengan Bioaktivator PROMI dan Orgadec. Jurnal Sain Veteriner, 35(1), 136. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.29301
Wang, H., Su, Z., Ren, S., Zhang, P., Li, H., Guo, X., & Liu, L. (2024). Combined Use of Biochar and Microbial Agents Can Promote Lignocellulosic Degradation Microbial Community Optimization during Composting of Submerged Plants. Fermentation, 10(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10010070
Yang, Y., Du, W., Ren, X., Cui, Z., Zhou, W., & Lv, J. (2020). Effect of bean dregs amendment on the organic matter degradation, humification, maturity and stability of pig manure composting. Science of The Total Environment, 708, 134623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134623
Zaman, B., Sutrisno, E., Sudarno, S., Simanjutak, M. N., & Krisnanda, E. (2020). Natural Soil as Bio-activator for Wastewater Treatment System. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 448(1), 012032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/448/1/012032
Zhan, Y., Zhang, Z., Ma, T., Zhang, X., Wang, R., Liu, Y., Sun, B., Xu, T., Ding, G., Wei, Y., & Li, J. (2021). Phosphorus excess changes rock phosphate solubilization level and bacterial community mediating phosphorus fractions mobilization during composting. Bioresource Technology, 337, 125433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125433
Zheng, C., Zhao, L., Zhou, X., Fu, Z., & Li, A. (2013). Treatment Technologies for Organic Wastewater. In W. Elshorbagy (Ed.), Water Treatment. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/52665
Zhou, J., Yang, F., Zhao, X., Gu, X., Chen, C., & Chen, J. (2024). Influences of nitrogen input forms and levels on phosphorus availability in karst grassland soils. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8, 1343283. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1343283
Zhu-Barker, X., Bailey, S. K., Paw U, K. T., Burger, M., & Horwath, W. R. (2017). Greenhouse gas emissions from green waste composting windrow. Waste Management, 59, 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.004
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ilham, Sri Sumiyati, Sudarno
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
