Macroscopic and Microscopic Gastroprotective Activity of Mucoadhesive Granule Formulations of Clove Leaf Ethanol Extract
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v10i9.8949Published:
2024-09-25Issue:
Vol. 10 No. 9 (2024): September : In ProgressKeywords:
Clove leaf extract, Gastroprotective, Mucoadhesive granuleResearch Articles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
Gastric ulcers can be triggered by excessive HCl secretion, and the regenerative capacity of mucosal cells can be weakened by high alcohol levels and anti-inflammatory drugs, including NSAIDs. Gastrin functions to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice, particularly HCl and pepsinogen This study aims to evaluate the macroscopic and microscopic gastroprotective activity of clove leaf ethanol extract mucoadhesive granule formulations. The study used 25 rats divided into five groups: normal control, negative control, positive control, clove leaf ethanol extract group, and mucoadhesive granule formulation of clove leaf ethanol extract group. All groups except the normal control were administered acetylsalicylic acid. Treatments were conducted over 9 days, with surgical examination and observations performed macroscopically and microscopically on day 10. Macroscopic assessments revealed ulcer damage improvement in the positive control, extract, and mucoadhesive granule groups, all scored at 1. Microscopic assessments also indicated a significant difference between the negative control and the positive control, extract, and mucoadhesive granule groups, showing better gastric repair, scored at 0.5. Therefore, it can be concluded that the administration of the mucoadhesive granule formulation of clove leaf ethanol extract exhibits gastroprotective activity comparable to that of the clove leaf ethanol extract.
References
Ahi̇, B. (2017). Thinking about digestive system in early childhood: A comparative study about biological knowledge. Cogent Education, 4(1), 1278650. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2017.1278650
Ahmad, A. A., Kasim, K. F., Ma’Radzi, A. H., & Gopinath, S. C. B. (2019). Peptic ulcer: Current prospects of diagnostic and nanobiotechnological trends on pathogenicity. Process Biochemistry, 85, 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2019.06.024
Arin, R. M., Gorostidi, A., Navarro-Imaz, H., Rueda, Y., Fresnedo, O., & Ochoa, B. (2017). Adenosine: Direct and Indirect Actions on Gastric Acid Secretion. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 737. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00737
Aziz, A. H. A., Rizkiyah, D. N., Qomariyah, L., Irianto, I., Che Yunus, M. A., & Putra, N. R. (2023). Unlocking the Full Potential of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Spice: An Overview of Extraction Techniques, Bioactivity, and Future Opportunities in the Food and Beverage Industry. Processes, 11(8), 2453. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11082453
Batiha, G. E. S., Alkazmi, L. M., Wasef, L. G., Beshbishy, A. M., Nadwa, E. H., & Rashwan, E. K. (2020). Syzygium aromaticum l. (Myrtaceae): Traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents, pharmacological and toxicological activities. Biomolecules, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10020202
Bindu, S., Mazumder, S., & Bandyopadhyay, U. (2020). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and organ damage: A current perspective. Biochemical Pharmacology, 180, 114147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114147
Chen, D., Hagen, S. J., Boyce, M., & Zhao, C. (2023). Neuroendocrine mechanism of gastric acid secretion: Historical perspectives and recent developments in physiology and pharmacology. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 35(11), e13305. https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.13305
Dionisio, K. L., Phillips, K., Price, P. S., Grulke, C. M., Williams, A., Biryol, D., Hong, T., & Isaacs, K. K. (2018). Data Descriptor: The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products. Scientific Data, 5, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.125
Elizabeth Lugo-Lugo, D., De Jesús Pozos-Guillén, A., Zapata-Morales, J. R., Rodríguez-Chong, A., De Jesús Rangel-López, A., Saavedra-Leos, M. Z., & Vértiz-Hernández, A. A. (2019). Antinociceptive local activity of 4-allyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene (Eugenol) by the formalin test: An anti-inflammatory effect. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 55, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902019000118022
El-Meligy, R. M., Awaad, A. S., Soliman, G. A., Kenawy, S. A., & Alqasoumi, S. I. (2017). Prophylactic and curative anti-ulcerogenic activity and the possible mechanisms of action of some desert plants. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 25(3), 387–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2016.10.008
El-Saber Batiha, G., Alkazmi, L. M., Wasef, L. G., Beshbishy, A. M., Nadwa, E. H., & Rashwan, E. K. (2020). Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities. Biomolecules, 10(2), 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10020202
Fijałkowski, Ł., Skubiszewska, M., Grześk, G., Koech, F. K., & Nowaczyk, A. (2022). Acetylsalicylic Acid–Primus Inter Pares in Pharmacology. Molecules, 27(23), 8412. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238412
Fitrya, F., Amriani, A., Novita, R. P., Ahmadi, A., & Nabilah, R. (2022). Efektifitas Ekstrak Etanol Polong Petai [Parkia speciosa Hassk.] sebagai Anti Ulcer Pada Tikus Wistar yang Diinduksi Etanol Absolut. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, 9(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.25077/jsfk.9.1.64-70.2022
Herawati, E., Ramadhan, R., Ariyani, F., Marjenah, M., Kusuma, I. W., Suwinarti, W., Mardji, D., Amirta, R., & Arung, E. T. (2021). Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of wild mushrooms growing in tropical regions. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 22(11). https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d221102
Hobani, Y. H., Mohan, S., Shaheen, E., Abdelhaleem, A., Faruque Ahmad, M., Bhatia, S., & Abou-Elhamd, A. S. (2022). Gastroprotective effect of low dose Eugenol in experimental rats against ethanol induced toxicity: Involvement of antiinflammatory and antioxidant mechanism. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 289, 115055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115055
Indiarto, R., Herwanto, J. A., Filianty, F., Lembong, E., Subroto, E., & Muhammad, D. R. A. (2024). Total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and characteristics of a chocolate beverage incorporated with encapsulated clove bud extract. CyTA-Journal of Food, 22(1), 2329144. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2024.2329144
Jomova, K., Raptova, R., Alomar, S. Y., Alwasel, S. H., Nepovimova, E., Kuca, K., & Valko, M. (2023). Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: Chronic diseases and aging. Archives of Toxicology, 97(10), 2499–2574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9
Kellermann, L., & Riis, L. B. (2021). A close view on histopathological changes in inflammatory bowel disease, a narrative review. Digestive Medicine Research, 4. https://doi.org/10.21037/dmr-21-1
Kontoghiorghes, G. J. (2024). The Puzzle of Aspirin and Iron Deficiency: The Vital Missing Link of the Iron-Chelating Metabolites. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(10), 5150. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105150
Kuna, L., Jakab, J., Smolic, R., Raguz-Lucic, N., Vcev, A., & Smolic, M. (2019). Peptic ulcer disease: A brief review of conventional therapy and herbal treatment options. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020179
Liñán-Atero, R., Aghababaei, F., García, S. R., Hasiri, Z., Ziogkas, D., Moreno, A., & Hadidi, M. (2024). Clove Essential Oil: Chemical Profile, Biological Activities, Encapsulation Strategies, and Food Applications. Antioxidants, 13(4), 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040488
Martinsen, T. C., Fossmark, R., & Waldum, H. L. (2019). The Phylogeny and Biological Function of Gastric Juice—Microbiological Consequences of Removing Gastric Acid. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(23), 6031. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236031
Mezui, C., Otto, G. L. N., Ngueke, L. N., Emakoua, J. F., Mbang, R. A. A., & Tan, P. V. (2023). Antiulcer activity of the stem bark aqueous extract of Croton oligandrum (Euphorbiaceae) against Ethanol/HCl-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(2), 023-030. https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2023.5.2.0073
Osafo, N., Agyare, C., Obiri, D. D., & Antwi, A. O. (2017). Mechanism of Action of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. In A. G. A. Al-kaf (Ed.), Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/68090
Pandey, V. K., Srivastava, S., Ashish, Dash, K. K., Singh, R., Dar, A. H., Singh, T., Farooqui, A., Shaikh, A. M., & Kovacs, B. (2024). Bioactive properties of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil nanoemulsion: A comprehensive review. Heliyon, 10(1), e22437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22437
Pitot, M. A., Tahboub Amawi, A. D., Alexander, L. F., LeGout, J. D., Walkoff, L., Navin, P. J., Kawashima, A., Wood, A. J., Dispenzieri, A., & Venkatesh, S. K. (2023). Imaging of Castleman Disease. RadioGraphics, 43(8), e220210. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.220210
Rose, M. E., & Harvey, D. J. (1987). Drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. In Mass Spectrometry (1st ed., pp. 303–372). The Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847556660-00303
Sari, D. R. A. P., & Yanuarty, R. (2022). Potensi Gastroprotektif Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Cincau Hijau (Cyclea barbata Miers) terhadap Lambung Tikus yang Diinduksi Etanol. PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia), 19(2), 263. https://doi.org/10.30595/pharmacy.v19i2.13624
Shafira, A. N., Kairupan, C. F., & Durry, M. F. (2016). Gambaran histopatologik lambung tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi asam mefenamat dan diberi susu kental manis. Jurnal E-Biomedik, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.4.2.2016.14687
Shofiatun, M., & Wulandari, R. L. (2021). Efek Gastroprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Buah Labu Kuning (Cucurbita moschata (Duch.) Poir) Pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar Yang Diinduksi Aspirin. Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Dan Farmasi Klinik, 17(2), 79. https://doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v17i2.4071
Stanforth, K. J., Wilcox, M. D., Chater, P. I., Brownlee, I. A., Zakhour, M. I., Banecki, K. M. R. M., & Pearson, J. P. (2022). Pepsin properties, structure, and its accurate measurement: A narrative review. Annals of Esophagus, 5, 31–31. https://doi.org/10.21037/aoe-20-95
Studiawan, H., Sukardiman, Lazulfa, I., & Handayani, R. (2023). Anti-Gastritis Activity of Cloves (Eugenia caryophyllata Thunberg) and Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Leaf Extracts Combination in Absolute Alcohol Induced-Gastric Injury Mice. Pharmacognosy Journal, 15(3), 378–384. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2023.15.88
Subramanian, P. (2021). Mucoadhesive Delivery System: A Smart Way to Improve Bioavailability of Nutraceuticals. Foods, 10(6), 1362. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061362
Susilawati, N. M., Yuliet, Y., & Khaerati, K. (2016). Aktivitas Gastroprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gedi Hijau (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) Terhadap Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus L.) Yang Diinduksi Dengan Aspirin. Natural Science: Journal of Science and Technology, 5(3), 296–306. https://doi.org/10.22487/25411969.2016.v5.i3.7213
Tarasconi, A., Coccolini, F., Biffl, W. L., Tomasoni, M., Ansaloni, L., Picetti, E., Molfino, S., Shelat, V., Cimbanassi, S., Weber, D. G., Abu-Zidan, F. M., Campanile, F. C., Di Saverio, S., Baiocchi, G. L., Casella, C., Kelly, M. D., Kirkpatrick, A. W., Leppaniemi, A., Moore, E. E., & Catena, F. (2020). Perforated and bleeding peptic ulcer: WSES guidelines. World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 15(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-019-0283-9
Tsoupras, A., Gkika, D. A., Siadimas, I., Christodoulopoulos, I., Efthymiopoulos, P., & Kyzas, G. Z. (2024). The Multifaceted Effects of Non-Steroidal and Non-Opioid Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Drugs on Platelets: Current Knowledge, Limitations, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals, 17(5), 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17050627
Tytgat, G. N. J. (2011). Etiopathogenetic principles and peptic ulcer disease classification. Digestive Diseases, 29(5), 454–458. https://doi.org/10.1159/000331520
Vavallo, M., Cingolani, S., Cozza, G., Schiavone, F. P., Dottori, L., Palumbo, C., & Lahner, E. (2024). Autoimmune Gastritis and Hypochlorhydria: Known Concepts from a New Perspective. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(13), 6818. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136818
Vona, R., Pallotta, L., Cappelletti, M., Severi, C., & Matarrese, P. (2021). The Impact of Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology: Focus on Gastrointestinal Disorders. Antioxidants, 10(2), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020201
Wulandari, A., Chintya, G., Tuldjanah, M., & Yanuarty, R. (2024). Characterizations of Swelling Granule of Clove Leaf (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Ethanol Extract. Sciences of Pharmacy, 3(1), 35–39. https://doi.org/10.58920/sciphar0301182
Author Biographies
Dhitania Ivana Harliwong, STIFA Pelita Mas Palu
Ayu Wulandari, STIFA Pelita Mas Palu
Niluh Puspita Dewi, STIFA Pelita Mas Palu
Sririzqi Muthmainnah, STIFA Pelita Mas Palu
Joni Tandi, STIFA Pelita Mas Palu
Putu Intan, STIFA Pelita Mas Palu
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Dhitania Ivana Harliwong, Ayu Wulandari, Niluh Puspita Dewi, Sririzqi Muthmainnah, Joni Tandi, Putu Intan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).