Phytochemical Analysis, Physical Properties, and Chemical Compound Content White Teak Wood (Gmelina Arborea Roxb)
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i2.9907Published:
2025-02-25Issue:
Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): FebruaryKeywords:
Fitokimia, Schizophyllum commune, White teak wood, Wood fungResearch Articles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
Indonesia is a country with a tropical climate. Rainfall in Indonesia is quite high and greatly affects the growth of mushrooms (fungi). The use of wood cannot be separated from the manufacture of traditional houses. These traditional houses made of wood are very susceptible to fungal attacks. Wood or wood rot fungi are fungi that live attached to decaying trees, but some types of wood fungi grow on living tree trunks and on dead trees. Wood rot fungi are heterotrophic, or do not produce their own food, This study aims to determine the resistance of white teak wood (Gmelina arborea Roxb) against wood-decay fungi. The research method used was a completely randomized factorial design consisting of two factors: factor I (wood) and factor II (fungi). The test samples used for the combination of the two factors measured 5x 2.50x1.50 cm, with a total of 9 test samples placed in culture jars separately. All samples from the base, middle, and tip tests were placed into a jar containing PSA media, and the inoculated mushroom culture was added to the jar. The observed parameters used an analysis of variance to determine whether the treatment had a significant effect on the decrease in teak wood weight. The Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was carried out to determine whether there were significant differences between treatments or not.
References
Akhtar, N., Ihsan-ul-Haq, & Mirza, B. (2018). Phytochemical analysis and comprehensive evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of 61 medicinal plant species. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 11(8), 1223–1235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.01.013
Aleinikovas, M., Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė, I., Povilaitienė, A., Šilinskas, B., Škėma, M., & Beniušienė, L. (2021). Resistance of Wood Treated with Iron Compounds against Wood-Destroying Decay and Mould Fungi. Forests, 12(5), 645. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12050645
Almeida, M. C. P. D. S., Silva, J. E. D., Batista, W. G. D. S., Alves, J. L. F., Melo, D. M. D. A., Pimenta, A. S., & Braga, R. M. (2024). Valorization of Wood Residues from Vegetation Suppression during Wind Energy Plant Implementation and Its Potential for Renewable Phenolic Compounds through Flash Pyrolysis: A Case Study in Northeast Brazil’s Semi-Arid Region. Forests, 15(4), 621. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15040621
Ariyanti, A., Yusran, Y., Yusril, A., Erniwati, E., Hapid, A., Hamzari, H., Muthmainnah, M., & Rahmawati, R. (2024). Vertical Position-Based Resistance of Teak Wood (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) Against Wood-Decay Fungi. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, 19(3), 753–759. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.190305
Barański, J., Suchta, A., Barańska, S., Klement, I., Vilkovská, T., & Vilkovský, P. (2021). Wood Moisture-Content Measurement Accuracy of Impregnated and Nonimpregnated Wood. Sensors, 21(21), 7033. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217033
Bongomin, F., Gago, S., Oladele, R., & Denning, D. (2017). Global and Multi-National Prevalence of Fungal Diseases—Estimate Precision. Journal of Fungi, 3(4), 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof3040057
Brischke, C., & Alfredsen, G. (2020). Wood-water relationships and their role for wood susceptibility to fungal decay. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 104(9), 3781–3795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10479-1
Chayaporn, P., Sasaki, N., Venkatappa, M., & Abe, I. (2021). Assessment of the overall carbon storage in a teak plantation in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand – Implications for carbon-based incentives. Cleaner Environmental Systems, 2, 100023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2021.100023
Dechayont, B., Phuaklee, P., Chunthorng-Orn, J., Poomirat, S., Juckmeta, T., Phumlek, K., Mokmued, K., & Ouncharoen, K. (2020). Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of the Wood of Myristica fragrans. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 26(1), 49–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496475.2019.1676861
Dhawle, K., Dhuldhaj, U., & Mulani, R. (2021). Pharmacognostic studies and anatomical peculiarities in medicinal plant Enicostemma axillare. Asian Journal of Ethnobiology, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y040102
Ding, N., Liu, F., Ding, X., Yan, L., & Meng, X. (2022). Effect of Lighting Environment on the CO2 Concentration Reduction Efficiency of Plants by a Model Experiment. Buildings, 12(11), 1848. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111848
Gao, C., Cui, X., & Matsumura, J. (2024). Multidimensional Exploration of Wood Extractives: A Review of Compositional Analysis, Decay Resistance, Light Stability, and Staining Applications. Forests, 15(10), 1782. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15101782
Gautam, A. K., Verma, R. K., Avasthi, S., Sushma, Bohra, Y., Devadatha, B., Niranjan, M., & Suwannarach, N. (2022). Current Insight into Traditional and Modern Methods in Fungal Diversity Estimates. Journal of Fungi, 8(3), 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8030226
Goodell, B., Winandy, J. E., & Morrell, J. J. (2020). Fungal Degradation of Wood: Emerging Data, New Insights and Changing Perceptions. Coatings, 10(12), 1210. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121210
Hassan, A., Akmal, Z., & Khan, N. (2020). The Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidants Potential of Schoenoplectus triqueter L. Palla. Journal of Chemistry, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3865139
Hill, C., Kymäläinen, M., & Rautkari, L. (2022). Review of the use of solid wood as an external cladding material in the built environment. Journal of Materials Science, 57(20), 9031–9076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-07211-x
Hyde, K. D. (2022). The numbers of fungi. Fungal Diversity, 114(1), 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00507-y
Idowu, P. A., Ashiru, A. O., Idowu, D. O., Olaiya, C. O., & Karigidi, K. (2024). Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial studies of extracts and chromatographic fractions of Gmelina arborea Roxb (Lamiaceae). Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources, 21(3), 144–155. https://doi.org/10.4314/jpb.v21i3.6
Irinmwinuwa, E. O., Cherechi, N. C., Oyate, G. B., Ifeyinwa, O. C., Chinedu, J. O., & John-Iganga, A. A. (2023). A comprehensive review of phytochemistry and antibacterial action of Tectona grandis. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 9(2), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.9.2.0527
Janbon, G., Quintin, J., Lanternier, F., & d’Enfert, C. (2019). Studying fungal pathogens of humans and fungal infections: Fungal diversity and diversity of approaches. Microbes and Infection, 21(5–6), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2019.06.011
Jerez-Timaure, N., Sánchez-Hidalgo, M., Pulido, R., & Mendoza, J. (2021). Effect of Dietary Brown Seaweed (Macrocystis pyrifera) Additive on Meat Quality and Nutrient Composition of Fattening Pigs. Foods, 10(8), 1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081720
Khadem, S., Berry, D., & Al-khlifeh, E. (2024). Climate influences the gut eukaryome of wild rodents in the Great Rift Valley of Jordan. Parasites & Vectors, 17(1), 358. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06451-x
Martha, R., Candelier, K., Thévenon, M.-F., George, B., Rahayu, I. S., Darmawan, W., & Gérardin, P. (2024). Non biocide treatments for the protection of short rotation teak wood against subterranean termites. Construction and Building Materials, 450, 138638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138638
Martín, J. A., & López, R. (2023). Biological Deterioration and Natural Durability of Wood in Europe. Forests, 14(2), 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14020283
Mora, M., Fàbregas, E., Céspedes, F., Bartrolí, J., & Puy, N. (2022). Production and separation of value-added compounds from pine wood using pyrolysis and biorefinery techniques. Fuel Processing Technology, 238, 107509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107509
Net-anong, S., Prommee, N., Dechayont, B., Prajuabjinda, O., Yangthaworn, K., Chunthorng-Orn, J., Phuaklee, P., Dawson, P. W. J., & Juckmeta, T. (2023). Calamus caesius (Rattan) wood: Chemical constituents, biological activities’ relative medicinal properties from Thai medicinal scriptures, and in silico antioxidant activity. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 16(8), 104990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104990
Olaniran, S. O., Löning, S., Buschalsky, A., & Militz, H. (2022). Impregnation Properties of Nigerian-Grown Gmelina arborea Roxb. Wood. Forests, 13(12), 2036. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13122036
Pachas, A. N. A., Sakanphet, S., Midgley, S., & Dieters, M. (2019). Teak ( Tectona grandis ) silviculture and research: Applications for smallholders in Lao PDR. Australian Forestry, 82(sup1), 94–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2019.1610215
Qi, J., Li, F., Jia, L., Zhang, X., Deng, S., Luo, B., Zhou, Y., Fan, M., & Xia, Y. (2023). Fungal Selectivity and Biodegradation Effects by White and Brown Rot Fungi for Wood Biomass Pretreatment. Polymers, 15(8), 1957. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15081957
Rahman, A., Marufuzzaman, M., Street, J., Wooten, J., Gude, V. G., Buchanan, R., & Wang, H. (2024). A comprehensive review on wood chip moisture content assessment and prediction. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 189, 113843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113843
Ravetti, S., Clemente, C., Brignone, S., Hergert, L., Allemandi, D., & Palma, S. (2019). Ascorbic Acid in Skin Health. Cosmetics, 6(4), 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6040058
Rodríguez-Negrete, E. V., Morales-González, Á., Madrigal-Santillán, E. O., Sánchez-Reyes, K., Álvarez-González, I., Madrigal-Bujaidar, E., Valadez-Vega, C., Chamorro-Cevallos, G., Garcia-Melo, L. F., & Morales-González, J. A. (2024). Phytochemicals and Their Usefulness in the Maintenance of Health. Plants, 13(4), 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13040523
Rosamah, E., Ferliyanti, F., Kuspradini, H., Dungani, R., & Aditiawati, P. (2020). Chemical content in Two Teak Woods (Tectona grandis Linn.F.) that has been used for 2 years and 60 years. 3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management, 2(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2020.2.1.3
Roth, M. G., Westrick, N. M., & Baldwin, T. T. (2023). Fungal biotechnology: From yesterday to tomorrow. Frontiers in Fungal Biology, 4, 1135263. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2023.1135263
Schumacher, J. (2017). How light affects the life of Botrytis. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 106, 26–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2017.06.002
Shahidi, F., & Zhong, Y. (2015). Measurement of antioxidant activity. Journal of Functional Foods, 18, 757–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.047
Singh, C., & Vyas, D. (2022). Biodegradation by Fungi for Humans and Plants Nutrition. In Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99002
Warrier, R. R., Priya, S. M., & Kalaiselvi, R. (2021). Gmelina arborea– an indigenous timber species of India with high medicinal value: A review on its pharmacology, pharmacognosy and phytochemistry. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 267, 113593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113593
Wasana, K. G. P., Attanayake, A. P., Jayatilaka, K. A. P. W., & Weerarathna, T. P. (2021). Antidiabetic Activity of Widely Used Medicinal Plants in the Sri Lankan Traditional Healthcare System: New Insight to Medicinal Florain Sri Lanka. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6644004
Zhou, J., Tian, Q., Nie, J., Cao, P., & Tan, Z. (2024). Mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of woods under extreme environmental conditions. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 20, e03146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03146
Author Biographies
Ariyanti, Universitas Tadulako
Mutmainnah, Universitas Tadulako
Asniati, Universitas Tadulako
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ariyanti, Mutmainnah, Asniati

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).