Optimization of Water Distribution in the Manikin Irrigation Area, Kupang Regency, Using Dynamic Programming
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i6.11025Published:
2025-06-25Issue:
Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): JuneKeywords:
Agricultural productivity, Dynamic programming, Irrigation optimization, Water distributionResearch Articles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
This study aims to optimize water distribution in the Manikin Irrigation Area, Kupang Regency (200.98 ha), using deterministic dynamic programming to enhance irrigation efficiency and agricultural productivity. The cropping pattern follows a rice–rice–fallow system, wherein rice is cultivated in the first two seasons and land is left fallow in the third. Data used includes rainfall (2014–2023), irrigation discharge, crop water requirements, climatological parameters, and economic variables. The model maximizes profit as the objective function while considering three constraints: water availability, land area per season, and land area per irrigation stage. The study divides the irrigation network into eight stages and applies forward recursive and backtracking procedures to determine optimal water allocation. Before optimization, only 90 ha (44.78%) were irrigated in the first season and 170 ha (84.59%) in the second. After optimization, coverage increased to 190.23 ha (94.65%) and 200.98 ha (100%), respectively. Corresponding profits rose by 117% in the first season and 18% in the second. These results demonstrate that dynamic programming effectively improves water use efficiency and land productivity in water-limited agricultural systems.
References
Adatika, L., Suripin, S., & Darsono, S. (2021). Optimasi Operasi Waduk Dolok dengan Program Dinamik. Briliant: Jurnal Riset dan Konseptual, 6(1), 205-215. https://doi.org/10.28926/briliant.v6i1.595
Andawayanti, U., Muldianto, H., Suhartanto, E., & Soetopo, W. (2021). Analisis Biaya Pengelolaan Air Dengan Metode Sistem Dinamik Pada Waduk Jatigede. Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 12(2), 197–204. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pengairan.2021.012.02.11
Aprilia, H. D., Sayekti, R. W., & Wahyuni, S. (2022). Studi Optimasi Alokasi Air Irigasi Pada Daerah Irigasi Sarangan Kabupaten Madiun Dengan Program Dinamik. Teras Jurnal: Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 12(2), 493-506. https://doi.org/10.29103/tj.v12i2.789
Babba, E. T., Limantara, L. M., & Soetopo, W. (2021). Analisa Optimasi Irigasi Pada Daerah Irigasi Alopohu Kabupaten Gorontalo Dengan Program Dinamik Deterministik. Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 12(2), 186-196. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pengairan.2021.012.02.10
Bale, F. J., Bisri, M., & Wahyuni, S. (2023). Optimization Utilization Study Storage of Raknamo Dam Amabi Oefeto District Kupang Region. Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 14(2), 134–142. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pengairan.2023.014.02.4
Berbel, J., & Expósito, A. (2022). A decision model for stochastic optimization of seasonal irrigation-water allocation. Agricultural Water Management, 262, 107419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107419
Damayanti, I., & Santosa, B. (2022). Analisis Optimasi Pola Tata Tanam Jaringan Irigasi Daerah Irigasi Cidurian Tangerang Menggunakan Program Linier. Teras Jurnal, 12(1), 281-294. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/tj.v12i1.642
Feng, Z. K., Luo, T., Niu, W. J., Yang, T., & Wang, W. C. (2023). A LSTM-based approximate dynamic programming method for hydropower reservoir operation optimization. Journal of Hydrology, 625, 130018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130018
Ghaisani, S. F., Yasa, I. W., & Setiawan, E. (2024, July). Optimization Model of Irrigation Water Allocation in Batujai Irrigation Area Using Dynamic Program. In International Conference on Rehabilitation and Maintenance in Civil Engineering (pp. 409-417). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-2143-9_44
Gong, X., Zhang, H., Ren, C., Sun, D., & Yang, J. (2020). Optimization allocation of irrigation water resources based on crop water requirement under considering effective precipitation and uncertainty. Agricultural Water Management, 239, 106264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106264
Hariyadi, A., Bisri, M., Juwono, P. T., & Asmaranto, R. (2024). Water Resources Management as a Supporting Optimization Model for the Jatigede Reservoir. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 51(7). https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.51.5.15
Hou, Y., Liu, Y., Xu, X., Fan, Y., Ma, S., & Wang, S. (2023). Grid-scale crop dynamic layout optimization model considering stakeholders' cropping preferences and practice behaviours. Ecological Indicators, 155, 110963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110963
Indriani, Y., Limantara, L. M., & Soetopo, W. (2020). Analisis Optimasi Untuk Prioritas Pembangunan Embung Berbasis Ketersediaan Air Di Kecamatan Kedungadem Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 11(2), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pengairan.2020.011.02.03
Juwono, P. T., Limantara, L. M., Soetopo, W., & Nopebrian, A. (2018). Optimization of Irrigation Cropping Pattern (Case Study on Karang Anyar Irrigation Area, Malang Regency, Indonesia). GEOMATE Journal, 15(50), 197-204. https://doi.org/10.21660/2018.50. 92322
Kharistanto, R. T. K., Montarcih, L., & Limantara, W. S. (2022). Studi Optimasi Pemanfaatan Air Irigasi Menggunakan Program Linier Pada Daerah Irigasi Manikin Kabupaten Kupang. Jurnal Teknologi dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air, 3(1), 487-500. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2023.003.01.42
Lake, T. C. M., Sayekti, R. W., & Soetopo, W. (2021). Studi Simulasi Pemberian Air Irigasi Berdasarkan Debit Andalan di Daerah Irigasi Bena Kecamatan Amanuban Selatan Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air, 1(2), 839–849. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2021.001.02.41
Li, M., Xu, Y., Fu, Q., Singh, V. P., Liu, D., & Li, T. (2020). Efficient irrigation water allocation and its impact on agricultural sustainability and water scarcity under uncertainty. Journal of Hydrology, 586, 124888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124888
Limantara, L. M., & Soetopo, W. (2020). Manajemen air (Water management). Penerbit Andi.
Long, Q., Gao, X., Hu, Y., Hu, Y., Wang, Z., Mao, W., & Lu, X. (2024). Optimization of ecological network to improve water conservation services in the Nianchu River Basin. Journal of Environmental Management, 372, 123368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123368
Ma, T., Zhang, Y., Wang, H., & Tan, N. (2024). A multiobjective optimization model for allocating water quantity and quality in the Yangtze and Yellow River basins. Journal of Environmental Management, 371, 123166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123166
Mabrur, M. A., Wahyuni, S., & Dermawan, V. (2021). Studi Optimasi Alokasi Air Pada Daerah Irigasi Bilokka Kecamatan Panca Lautang Kabupaten Sidrap Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Menggunakan Program Linear. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air, 1(1), 170–179. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2021.001.01.15
Moslemzadeh, M., Farzin, S., Karami, H., & Ahmadianfar, I. (2023). Introducing improved atom search optimization (IASO) algorithm: Application to optimal operation of multi-reservoir systems. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 131, 103415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2023.103415
Nait, C., Bisri, M., Soetopo, W., Prayogo, T. B., Krisnayanti, D. S., & Limantara, L. M. (2022). Climate change effects on Noel Puames River area rainfall in Kupang District. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 49(8). https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.8.22
Nalurita, S., Limantara, L. M., & Prayogo, T. B. (2017). Studi Optimasi Distribusi Air Irigasi pada Daerah Irigasi Tengoro Kabupaten Banyuwangi dengan Program Dinamik Stokastik. Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 8(1), 72–78. Retrieved from https://jurnalpengairan.ub.ac.id/index.php/jtp/article/view/309
Nuf'a, H., Limantara, L. M., & Soetopo, W. (2016). Optimasi air waduk gondang dengan metode dinamik deterministik. Jurnal Teknik Pengairan, 7(1), 25-36. Retrieved from https://jurnalpengairan.ub.ac.id/index.php/jtp/article/view/281
Palupi, K. P. P., Limantara, L. M., & Wahyuni, S. (2023). Studi Optimasi Alokasi Air Irigasi pada Daerah Irigasi Sewu Kabupaten Madiun Menggunakan Program Dinamik. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air, 4(1), 312–322. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2024.004.01.026
Paramitha, A. P., Bella, R. A., Karels, D. W., & Krisnayanti, D. S. (2020). Simulasi Pola Tanam Pada Sembilan Daerah Irigasi Tersebar di Kota Kupang. Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 11(2), 104–115. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pengairan.2020.011.02.04
Pratiwi, M. A., Jayadi, R., & Kironoto, B. A. (2022). Kajian Potensi Pemanfaatan Waduk Bener Untuk Pemenuhan Air Baku dan Air Irigasi. Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 13(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pengairan.2022.013.01.02
Salimah, G. N., Limantara, L. M., & Prayogo, T. B. (2024). Studi Optimasi Pemanfaatan Air Irigasi Menggunakan Metode Program Linear Pada Daerah Irigasi Babakan Kabupaten Brebes. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air, 4(2), 1633–1646. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2024.004.02.160
Shafiya, A., Sayekti, R. W., & Prayogo, T. B. (2022). Studi improveOptimasi Alokasi Air Irigasi pada Daerah Irigasi Brangkal Bawah Kabupaten Madiun Menggunakan Program Dinamik. Jurnal Teknologi dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air, 3(1), 251-262. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2023.003.01.22
Subroto, T., Bisri, M., Limantara, L. M., & Soetopo, W. (2021). Optimization Model of the Way Rarem Reservoir Operation Pattern by Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 48(11). Retrieved from https://jonuns.com/index.php/journal/article/view/864
Triwidianto, H., Limantara, L. M., & Soetopo, W. (2022). Studi Optimasi Pemanfaatan Air Irigasi Menggunakan Program Linier pada Daerah Irigasi Pirang Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air, 3(1), 298–310. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2023.003.01.26
Wang, J., & Xue, X. (2021). Optimized allocation of water resources in the Jiulong River Watershed under cooperative game based on linear programming. Desalination and Water Treatment, 239, 94-100. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.27798
Wahab, W. A., Sayekti, R. W., & Wahyuni, S. (2025). Studi Optimasi Alokasi Air di Daerah Irigasi Pirang Kabupaten Bojonegoro Menggunakan Program Dinamik. Jurnal Teknologi dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air, 5(1), 162-172. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2025.005.01.016
Warin, X. (2023). Reservoir optimization and machine learning methods. EURO Journal on Computational Optimization, 11, 100068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejco.2023.100068
Yekti, M. I., Wijakesuma, T. G. R., & Harmayani, K. D. (2020). Evaluasi Pola Operasi Waduk Tamblang di Kabupaten Buleleng Provinsi Bali. Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 11(2), 116–127. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pengairan.2020.011.02.05
Zhang, F., Cui, N., Guo, S., Yue, Q., Jiang, S., Zhu, B., & Yu, X. (2023). Irrigation strategy optimization in irrigation districts with seasonal agricultural drought in southwest China: A copula-based stochastic multiobjective approach. Agricultural Water Management, 282, 108293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108293
Zhang, F., Guo, P., Engel, B. A., Guo, S., Zhang, C., & Tang, Y. (2019). Planning seasonal irrigation water allocation based on an interval multiobjective multi-stage stochastic programming approach. Agricultural Water Management, 223, 105692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105692
Zhang, X., Guo, P., Zhang, F., Liu, X., Yue, Q., & Wang, Y. (2021). Optimal irrigation water allocation in Hetao Irrigation District considering decision makers’ preference under uncertainties. Agricultural Water Management, 246,106670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106670
Zhou, Y. X., Li, Y. P., Huang, G. H., Zhang, Y. F., & Ma, Y. (2022). A fixed-mix stochastic fractional programming method for optimizing agricultural irrigation and hydropower generation in Central Asia. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 248, 104004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104004
Author Biographies
Robertus Tegar Kurnia Kharistanto, Universitas Brawijaya Malang
Lily Montarcih Limantara, Universitas Brawijaya Malang
Anggara Wiyono Wit Saputra, Universitas Brawijaya Malang
Mokhamad Rusdha Maulana, Universitas Brawijaya Malang
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Robertus Tegar Kurnia Kharistanto, Lily Montarcih Limantara, Anggara Wiyono Wit Saputra, Mokhamad Rusdha Maulana

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).