Establishing Semantok Reservoir Operation Rules to Obtain the Highest Crop Intensity in Semantok Irrigation Area
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.11669Published:
2025-08-25Downloads
Abstract
The Indonesian government is improving food security by building water infrastructure, including 61 dams for agricultural irrigation. Semantok Dam, one of these projects, serves Daerah Irigasi (D.I.) Semantok (1906 ha). However, long‐term inflow data is still lacking and the reservoir operation rules are still under development. This research aims to develop Semantok reservoir operating rules to maximize cropping intensity. Rainfall‐runoff simulation was conducted using the F.J. Mock method. Calibration (2017–2019) and verification (2020–2023) resulted in optimal parameters with minimum volume error, which were then applied to full‐period F.J. Mock simulations (1999–2023). The resulting simulated inflows was used to calculate irrigation water requirements using the Net Field Requirements method for two cropping patterns: double cropping of rice‐secondary crops and quadruple cropping onion. The reservoir operating rules were optimized for wet, normal, and dry years (probability exceeding 35%, 50%, and 65%). This study examined cropping intensity under various hydrological conditions. Cropping Pattern (CP) I achieved 300%, 281%, and 242%, while CP II achieved 400%, 400%, and 374% in wet, normal, and dry years, respectively. Future research should optimize water allocation at the sub D.I. level to improve irrigation efficiency and agricultural profitability.
Keywords:
Cropping Intensity Irrigation Water Requirements Optimization Reservoir Water AvailabilityReferences
Adiningrum, C. (2016). Analisis Perhitungan Evapotranspirasi Aktual Terhadap Perkiraan Debit Kontinyu dengan Metode Mock. Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 13(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.24002/jts.v13i2.649
Adya Ariska, G., Lilis Handayani, Y., & Sujatmoko, B. (2020). Analisis Hidrologi Model Soil Moisture Accounting Menggunakan Program HEC-HMS (Studi Kasus : DAS Rokan AWLR Pasir Pangaraian). Jurnal Saintis, 20(01), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.25299/saintis.2020.vol20(01).4753
Anggraheni, D., Jayadi, R., & Istiarto. (2017). Evaluasi Kinerja Pola Operasi Waduk (POW) Wonogiri 2014. Teknisia, 294-306. Retrieved from https://journal.uii.ac.id/teknisia/article/view/9053
Batas, E. S., Wijayanti, Y., & Kesuma, L. M. (2023). Assessing Agricultural Water Reliability in Jetis Irrigation Area Using the F.J. Mock Hydrological Model. E3S Web of Conferences, 426. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342601023
Chandrasasi, D., Montarcih Limantara, L., & Wulan Juni, R. (2020). Analysis using the F. J. Mock Method for Calculation of Water Balance in the Upper Konto Sub-Watershed. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 437(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/437/1/012019
Crawford, N., & Linsley, R. . (1966). Digital Simulation in Hydrology: Stanford Watershed Model IV. Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford University, California.
Ebrahimian, H., Dialameh, B., Hosseini-Moghari, S. M., & Ebrahimian, A. (2020). Optimal Conjunctive Use of Aqua-Agriculture Reservoir and Irrigation Canal for Paddy Fields (Case Study: Tajan Irrigation Network, Iran). Paddy and Water Environment, 18(3), 499–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-020-00797-5
Efendi, R., Limantara, L. M., Soetopo, W., & Suhartanto, E. (2019). The Scenario of Rainfall-Discharge for Supporting the Optimization of Irrigation Reservoir Operation to Anticipate Extreme Flood. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8(4), 4428–4432. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d8387.118419
Firdaus, G., Sayekti, R. W., & Marsudi, S. (2020). Studi Perencanaan Pola Operasi Waduk Semantok untuk Kebutuhan Air Irigasi dan Air Baku Kabupaten Nganjuk Jawa Timur. [Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Brawijaya]. Retrieved from https://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/181707/
Ghaisani, S. F., Saadi, Y., Setiawan, E., I Wayan, Y., Salehudin, S., & Suroso, A. (2024). Effectiveness Analysis of Meninting Dam’s Diversion Tunnel Using HEC-RAS. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(4), 2091–2101. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i4.7207
Hartadi, V., & Hidayah, I. (2024). Modernisasi Irigasi dan Upaya Menjaga Ketahanan Pangan. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/9Bx6a
Jayanti, M., Sabar, A., Ariesyady, H. D., Marselina, M., & Qadafi, M. (2023). A Comparison of Three Water Discharge Forecasting Models for Monsoon Climate Region: A Case Study in Cimanuk-Jatigede watershed Indonesia. Water Cycle, 4(August 2022), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2023.01.002
Jian, J., Ryu, D., & Wang, Q. J. (2021). A water-level based calibration of rainfall-runoff models constrained by regionalized discharge indices. Journal of Hydrology, 603(PB), 126937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126937
Kementerian PUPR. (2013). Kriteria Perencanaan-01: Perencanaan Jaringan Irigasi. Direktorat Jenderal Sumber Daya Air. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/9Bx6a
Kementerian PUPR. (2017). Modul 08: Operasi Waduk dan Pelatihan Alokasi Air. In Pelatihan Alokasi Air. Pusat Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Sumber Daya Air dan Konstruksi. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/t8M1u
Kementerian PUPR. (2022). Sebagai Bentuk Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Pertanian, Bendungan Semantok Telah Diresmikan. Retrieved from https://sda.pu.go.id/post/detail/sebagai_bentuk_upaya_meningkatkan_hasil_pertanian_bendungan_semantok_telah_diresmikan
Kementerian PUPR. (2023). Laporan Kinerja Direktorat Jenderal Sumber Daya Air. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/l3fWi
Krisnayanti, D. S., Made Udiana, I., Chandra, C., & Welkis, D. F. B. (2021). Analisis Debit Tersedia pada DAS Temef dengan Menggunakan Metode NRECA. Media Komunikasi Teknik Sipil, 27(2), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v27i2.40505
Larasati, P. D., Sayekti, R. W., & Soetopo, W. (2021). Studi Optimasi Air Irigasi Bendungan Semantok Untuk Memaksimalkan Luas Layanan Irigasi Di Kabupaten Nganjuk. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air, 1(1), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2021.001.01.29
Lee, E., Ji, J., Lee, S., Yoon, J., Yi, S., & Yi, J. (2023). Development of an Optimal Water Allocation Model for Reservoir System Operation. Water (Switzerland), 15(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/w15203555
Maxwell, S., & Frankenberger, T. (1992). Household Food Security: Concepts, Indicators, Measurement: A technical review. In International Fund for Agricultural Development. UNICEF.
Mock, F. J. (1973). Land Capability Appraisal Indonesia: Water Availability Appraisal: Basic Study. Food and Agriculture organization of United Nations.
NRECA. (1980). Rural Electric System. NRECA, Washington D.C.
Ouédraogo, W. A. A., Raude, J. M., & Gathenya, J. M. (2018). Continuous Modeling of the Mkurumudzi River Catchment in Kenya using the HEC-HMS Conceptual Model: Calibration, Validation, Model Performance Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis. Hydrology, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology5030044
Pearson, K. (1895). Note on Regression and Inheritance in the Case of Two Parents. Proceedings of the royal society of London, 58(347-352), 240-242. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1895.0041
Permana, S., & Susetyaningsih, A. (2024). Engineering , Environment , and Technology Calibration of the Water Balance Model for the Upper Cimanuk Catchment Area for Raw Water Supply. Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology, 9(4), 519–525. https://doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2024.9.04.19420
Prasetyo, D., Efendi, M., & Hapsari, R. I. (2024). Perencanaann Sabo Dam sebagai Alternatif Bangunan Nganjuk Jawa Timur. Jurnal Online Skripsi Manajemen Rekayasa Konstruksi (JOS-MRK), 5(1), 122-129. Retrieved from http://jurnal.polinema.ac.id/index.php/jos-mrk/article/view/3796
Pratiwi, M. A., Jayadi, R., & Kironoto, B. A. (2022). Kajian Potensi Pemanfaatan Waduk Bener Untuk Pemenuhan Air Baku dan Air Irigasi. Jurnal Teknik Pengairan, 13(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pengairan.2022.013.01.02
Food Law No. 7 of 1996, Pub. L. No. 7, 62 (1996). Retrieved from https://bphn.go.id/data/documents/96uu007.pdf
Putri, A. S., Suhartanto, E., & Andawayanti, U. (2025). Validation of NRECA Parameters for Rainfall-to-Discharge Modeling in the Rejoso Watershed. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(5), 1081–1088. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i5.11107
Rasyid, I., & Afdhaliah, N. (2021). Analisis Debit Andalan Sungai Cisadane dengan Metode FJ MOCK Bulanan dan Setengah Bulanan untuk Waduk Lepas Pantai. ITB Graduate School Conference, 549–562. Retrieved from https://gcs.itb.ac.id/proceeding-igsc/igsc/article/view/48
Rediasti, F. N. K., Jayadi, R., & Triatmodjo, B. (2023). Optimizing the Use of Meninting Multipurpose Reservoir Water in West Lombok District. Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum, 9(May), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.7161
Setiadi, P. A., Wijayanti, Y., Cahyono, C., & Juliastuti. (2022). FJ.Mock Method for Hydrological model in Water Reliability Study at Jatiluhur Estate, Purwakarta. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 998(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/998/1/012003
Sodikin, W., Juwono, P. T., & Sholichin, M. (2025). Assessment of Baseflow Characteristics and Environmental Flow Allocation in the Welo Sub-Watershed , Central Java. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(4), 672–684. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i4.11049
Thornthwaite, C. W., & Mather, J. . (1955). The Water Balance. Laboratory of Climatology, Centerton, New Jersey.
Uwais, A. Q. (2020). Analisis Ketersediaan Air Menggunakan Metode F.J. Mock Di Sub Das Kali Madiun Untuk Kebutuhan Air Baku Di Kabupaten Ngawi. Jurnal Ekonomi 18(1), 41–49. Retrieved from https://dspace.uii.ac.id/handle/123456789/41496
Vu, M. T., Jardani, A., Krimissa, M., Zaoui, F., & Massei, N. (2023). Large-scale seasonal forecasts of river discharge by coupling local and global datasets with a stacked neural network: Case for the Loire River system. Science of The Total Environment, 897, 165494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165494
World Bank Group. (2024). What is Food Security. World Bank. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/ agriculture/brief/food-security-update/what-is-food-security
World Food Programme. (2025). Food security – what it means and why it matters. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/7w1nM
Zhou, R., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Linear and nonlinear ensemble deep learning models for karst spring discharge forecasting. Journal of Hydrology, 627, 130394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130394
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizky Ramadhani Anwar Santosa, Endita Prima Ari Pratiwi, Istiarto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
