Analysis of Changes in Green Open Space and Their Influencing Factors in Surakarta City
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v11i11.12153Published:
2025-11-25Downloads
Abstract
Green Open Space (GOS) is a critical urban element, but the legally mandated minimum 30% area is often unmet. This study aims to analyze the changes in the GOS area from 2002, 2013, and 2024 and the factors influencing it. GOS area change was analyzed using the delineation method on high-resolution satellite imagery from Google Earth Pro, and the results showed that the area of GOS in Surakarta City in 2002 was 360.95 ha, in 2013 was 341.18 ha, and in 2024 was 328.76 ha. Logistic regression analysis was applied to model the influence of explanatory variables, resulting in findings that distance to the road, distance to settlements, distance to transportation facilities, and population density are significant variables influencing GOS decline. Although these variables only explained 9.1% of the change, this suggests that there could be other external factors affecting GOS that have not been analyzed in this study. The local government needs to strengthen policies, tighten building permit supervision, and ensure consistency with Regional Spatial Planning to optimize existing GOS and develop new GOS in potential locations to address the deficit of approximately 1,072.84 ha.
Keywords:
Delineation Green open space Logistic regressionReferences
Arifah, N., & Susetyo, C. (2018). Penentuan Prioritas Ruang Terbuka Hijau berdasarkan Efek Urban Heat Island di Wilayah Surabaya Timur. Jurnal Teknik ITS, 7(2), 143-148. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v7i2.32454 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v7i2.32454
Aspin, A., & Nafsi, N. (2021). Pola Sebaran permukiman kumuh (studi kasus: Kecamatan Semarang Utara Kota Semarang). Nature: National Academic Journal of Architecture, 8(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.24252/nature.v8i1a4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24252/nature.v8i1a4
Broto, B. E. (2019). Pengaruh disiplin kerja dan pengalaman kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai di kantor badan pusat statistik Kabupaten Labuhan Batu. Informatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Labuhanbatu, 7(2), 50-67. https://doi.org/10.36987/informatika.v7i2.1336 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36987/informatika.v7i2.1336
Caesarina, H. M., & Rahmani, D. R. (2019). Penyediaan ruang terbuka hijau dengan pendekatan kota hijau di Perkotaan Martapura. Jurnal Planoearth, 4(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.31764/jpe.v4i1.712 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/jpe.v4i1.712
Fajarida, D. R. (2024). Permasalahan tata ruang kota di Tangerang: analisis konflik antara kepadatan penduduk dan ruang hijau. Filosofi, 1(4), 301-308.https://doi.org/10.62383/filosofi.v1i4.443
Gunadi, S. P. (2024). Permodelan spasial prediksi perubahan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Depok. Retrieved from https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/160100
Handayani, M. N., Sasmito, B., & Wijaya, A. P. (2017). Analisis Hubungan antara Perubahan Suhu dengan Indeks Kawasan Terbangun Menggunakan Citra Landsat (Studi Kasus : Kota Surakarta). Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 6(4), 208–2018. https://doi.org/10.14710/jgundip.2017.18145
Juanda, T., Sugiarto, A., Nuraini, C., & University of Pembangunan Panca Budi. (2025). Land utilization as green open space and city park as public space in Lima Puluh District, Batu Bara Regency, North Sumatra Province. Journal of Information Technology, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering (JITCSE), 2(1), 161–168. https://doi.org/10.61306/jitcse.v2i1.184
Kusrini, Suharyadi, & Su R. H., (2011). Perubahan penggunaan lahan dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya di Kecamatan Gunungpati Kota Semarang. Majalah Geografi Indonesia, 25(1), 25-40. https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.13358
Kutner, M.H., Nachtsheim, C.J., Neter, J. & Li, W. (2005). Applied Linear Statistical Models. New York: Mc Graw Hill.
Li, W., Bai, Y., Zhou, W., Han, C., & Han, L. (2015). Land use significantly affects the distribution of urban green space: case study of Shanghai, China. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 141(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.19435444.00002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000246
Li, T., Chen, Y., Wang, Z., Liu, Z., Ding, R., IEEE Member, & Xue, S. (2019). Analysis of jobs-housing relationship and commuting characteristics around urban rail transit stations. IEEE Access, 7, 175083-175092. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.295746 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2957416
Li, J., Lin, F., & Chen, Y. (2025). Spatio-temporal patterns of the construction and development of urban open spaces in Macau from 1889–2020. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2025.2458807 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2025.2458807
Mardiansjah, F. H., Handayani, W., & Setyono, J. S. (2018). Pertumbuhan Penduduk Perkotaan dan Perkembangan Pola Distribusinya pada Kawasan Metropolitan Surakarta. Jurnal Wilayah Dan Lingkungan, 6(3), 215. https://doi.org/10.14710/jwl.6.3.215-233 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jwl.6.3.215-233
Martins, B. 2022. Where to construct new urban green spaces to be at the recommended distance from users and to complement existing ones? A study in five cities of northern Portugal. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 72, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127571 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127571
Matsuda, M., Nasrullah, N., & Sulistyantara, B. (2018). Study about factors influencing transition of green open spaces based on analysis of land use in Depok City, West Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 179, 012035. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/179/1/012035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/179/1/012035
Naufal, M., & Susetyo, C. (2020). Prediksi perubahan penutupan lahan pasca beroperasinya gerbang TOL (interchange) Pandaan di Kecamatan Pandaan Kabupaten Pasuruan menggunakan metode regresi logistik biner. Jurnal Teknik ITS, 9(1), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v9i1.48278 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v9i1.48278
Nurjanah, E. N., & Purwandari, H. (2012). Alih fungsi lahan: potensi pemicu transformasi desa - kota (studi kasus pembangunan terminal tipe A “Kertawangunan”). JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics), 6(3), 53-68. Retrieved from https://sl1nk.com/9brKS
Putra, M. R. R., & Rudiarto, I. (2018). Simulasi perubahan penggunaan lahan dengan konsep celluler automata di Kota Mataram. Jurnal Pengembangan Kota, 6(2), 174-185. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpk.6.2.174-185 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jpk.6.2.174-185
Rahman, M. D., Awaluddin, M., & Hani’ah, H. (2016). Analisis Spasial Ketersediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Terhadap Jumlah Penduduk di Kota Solo. Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 5(3), 41–51. Retrieved from http://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/geodesi/article/view/12821
Rawung, F. C. (2015). Efektivitas Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) dalam mereduksi emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) di kawasan Perkotaan Boroko. Media Matrasain, 12(2), 17-32.https://doi.org/10.35793/matrasain.v12i2.9204
Sapriyadi, M., Milantara, N., Fauzan, Putra, T. H. A., & Fakhruzy. (2024). Minat warga dalam memanfaatkan RTH saat pandemic Covid-19 (studi kasus Taman Kota Syech Kukut, Kota Solok). Journal of Forest Science Avicennia, 7(1). 48-64. https://doi.org/10.22219/avicennia.v7i1.31203
Schuch, G., Serrao-Neumann, S., Morgan, E., Choy, & D. L. (2017). Water in the city: green open spaces, land use planning and flood management – An Australian case study. Land Use Policy, 63, 539-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.01.042 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.01.042
Setiawan, B., & Piggawati, B. (2014). Penentuan prioritas ruang terbuka hijau di kecamatan serengan kota Surakarta. Jurnal Teknik PWK, 3(1), 145-153. https://doi.org/10.14710/tpwk.2014.4443
Wardani, A. K., Cahyono, A. B., & Martono, D. B. (2016). Analisis metode delineasi bidang tanah pada citra resolusi tinggi dalam pembuatan kadaster lengkap. Jurnal Teknik ITS, 5(2), 380-384. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v5i2.17173 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v5i2.17173
Wibisono, P., Miladan, N., & Utomo, R. P. (2023). Hubungan Perubahan Kerapatan Vegetasi dan Bangunan terhadap Suhu Permukaan Lahan: Studi Kasus di Aglomerasi Perkotaan Surakarta. Desa-Kota, 5(1), 148-162. https://doi.org/10.20961/desa-kota.v5i1.63639.148-162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/desa-kota.v5i1.63639.148-162
Wicaksono, R. A., & Zuharnen, Z. (2017). Pemanfaatan Citra Penginderaan Jauh Resolusi Tinggi dan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk Menentukan Lokasi Prioritas Pembangunan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) di Kota Surakarta. Jurnal Bumi Indonesia, 6(3), 1-8. Retrieved from http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/114620
Yu, P., Wei, Y., Ma, L., Wang, B., Esther H.K. Yung, & Chen, Y. (2024). Urbanization and the urban critical zone. Earth Critical Zone, 1(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecz.2024.100011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecz.2024.100011
Zahrotunisa, S., Jatmiko, R.H., & Widyatmanti, W. (2020). Analisis pengaruh suhu permukaan lahan terhadap elemen iklim mikro di Surakarta menggunakan citra penginderaan jauh multitemporal. Majalah Ilmiah Globë, 22(1), 31-40. https://doi.org/10.24895/MIG.2020.22-1.952 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24895/MIG.2020.22-1.952
Zhou, W., Wang, J., Qian, Y., Pickett, S. T. A., Li, W., & Han, L. (2018). The rapid but “invisible” changes in urban greenspace: A comparative study of nine Chinese cities. Science of the Total Environment, 627, 1572-1584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.335 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.335
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Septita Dwi Listanti, Rachmad Hermawan, Yudi Setiawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
