Appearance of Quantitative Characters and Character Correlation in Corn Lines Resulting from Selfing under Dryland Conditions
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i2.12862Published:
2026-02-25Downloads
Abstract
This study investigates the quantitative characteristics of several generations of self-pollinated lines and the F2 population, as well as the correlation between these characteristics and leaf angle, harvest age, and yield in corn plants. The experiment was carried out in Gumantar village, North Lombok, from May to September 2024, and was designed using a Complete Randomized Block Design with treatments including the F2 population, 15 S1 lines, 15 S2 lines, 15 S3 lines, and 15 S4 lines. The study examined 14 quantitative characteristics. The experimental data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Further testing was conducted using the DMRT test at a 5% level. Correlations between traits were calculated using the Pearson correlation test. The research results demonstrate that the quantitative characteristics of several generations of selfing lines and the F2 population differ, except for ASI and cob diameter. The selfing from the first through fourth generations exhibit lower values compared to the F2 population, with the exceptions of anthesis-tasseling age, silk emergence, and harvest age. Most traits are associated with the medium harvest age category. The yield is correlated with most quantitative characters in the medium to strong category. The selection of plants to be selfed to form the S5 lines and increase yields should use plant height as a selection criterion.
Keywords:
Corn yield Medium harvest Selfing lines Strong correlation The S5 lineReferences
Adiwijaya, M. A., Agustini, R. Y., & Syafi’i, M. (2021). Keragaan Penampilan Mutan Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata) Generasi M3 Berdasarkan Karakter Fenologi di Karawang. AGROVITAL : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 6(1), 30-33. https://doi.org/10.35329/agrovital.v6i1.2002
Aichholz, C., Becker, H. C., & Horneburg, B. (2024). Effect of Full-Sib and S2-Selection on a Sweet Corn Population (Zea mays convar. saccharata). Plant Breeding, 143(3), 385–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13170
Andiman, A., & Murti, R. H. (2020). Seleksi Jagung Manis (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) Hibrida Berdasarkan Umur, Komponen Hasil, dan Kadar Gula Pasca Panen. Vegetalika, 9(3), 437. https://doi.org/10.22146/veg.44329
Amas, A. N. K., Musa, Y., & Amin, A. R. (2021). Analisis Korelasi dan Sidik Lintas Karakter Agronomik Jagung Hibrida (Zea mays L.) pada Kondisi Nitrogen Rendah. Jurnal ABDI (Sosial, Budaya dan Sains), 3(1), 43–53.
Arfan, A., Sudewi, S., Mukhlis, M., & Ningsih, M. S. (2024). The Use of Insecticides Viewed from a Technical View of Applications in Corn Crops: Case Study of Corn Farmer Behavior. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(4), 1556–1563. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i4.7158
Bahtiar, B., Salman, D., Arsyad, M., & Azrai, M. (2022). Synergy of Innovation between Hybrid Corn Seed Production and Seed Companies: A Review. Agrivita, 44(3), 604–615. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v44i3.3907
Bahtiar, B., Azrai, M., Salman, D., & Arsyad, M. (2023). Efforts to Provide National Hybrid Corn Seed for Farmers in Gold Mining Area. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 1134, 012032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1134/1/012032
Bapaimu, L. F., Djaja, I., & Sembiring, J. (2024). Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata sturt) Terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Kandang Sapi di Kabupaten Merauke. INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi, 3(3), 234–242. https://doi.org/10.55123/insologi.v3i3.3415
Cantika, D., & Sugiharto, A. N. (2022). Keragaan Beberapa Galur Jagung Ketan (Zea mays L. var. ceratina Kulesh) pada Selfing Kedua (S2). Produksi Tanaman, 010(08), 458–464. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.protan.2022.010.08.08
Cao, Y., Zhong, Z., Wang, H., & Shen, R. (2022). Leaf Angle: A Target of Genetic Improvement in Cereal Crops Tailored for High-Density Planting. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 20(3), 426–436. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13780
Cao, Y., Zhou, H., Zhou, X., & Li, F. (2020). Control of Plant Viruses by CRISPR/Cas System-Mediated Adaptive Immunity. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.593700
Chen, K. H., & Pannell, J. R. (2024). Ignoring within-Flower Self-Fertilization and Inbreeding Depression Biases Estimates of Selection on Floral Traits in a Perennial Alpine Herb. Journal of Ecology, 112(11), 2540–2551. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14378
Chen, P., Li, F., & Wu, C. (2021). Research on Intrusion Detection Method Based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient Feature Selection Algorithm. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1757(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1757/1/012054
Cyplik, A., Sobiech, A., Tomkowiak, A., & Bocianowski, J. (2022). Genetic Parameters for Selected Traits of Inbred Lines of Maize (Zea mays L.). Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 12(14), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12146961
Darmayati, I. R., & Sugiarti, T. (2023). Preferensi Petani Terhadap Pemilihan Benih Jagung Lokal Elos di Desa Maneron Kecamatan Sepulu Kabupaten Bangkalan. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis (JEPA), 7(2), 633-645. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jepa.2023.007.02.18
Dewi, I. K., Bahri, S., & Sumarmi, S. (2023). Pengaruh Tiga Macam Pembubunan Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tiga Varietas Jagung Semi (Zea mays L.). Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 10(2), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v11i1.5782
Ekawati, F., Hariadi, D., & Suliansyah, I. (2021). Inbreeding Depression Test in Phenotypic Characters of Maize Plants from Selfing and Open Pollinated. Gontor AGROTECH Science Journal, 7(2), 137. https://doi.org/10.21111/agrotech.v7i2.5167
Elmyhun, M., Liyew, C., Shita, A., & Andualem, M. (2020). Combining Ability Performance and Heterotic Grouping of Maize (Zea mays) Inbred Lines in Testcross Formation in Western Amhara, North West Ethiopia. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2020.1727625
Erawati, B.T.R., Hipi, A., Makkulawu, A. T., & Azrai, M. (2020). Evaluation of Hybrid Corn Genotype on Productivity Improvement to Support National Food Availability. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 484, 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/484/1/012026
Fang, Y., Hao, X., Xu, Z., Sun, H., Zhao, Q., Cao, R., Zhang, Z., Ma, P., Sun, Y., Qi, Z., Wei, Q., Wang, Q., & Pan, Y. (2021). Genome-Wide Detection of Runs of Homozygosity in Laiwu Pigs Revealed by Sequencing Data. Frontiers in Genetics, 12(April), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.629966
Farida, N., Ngawit, I. K., & Silawibawa, I. P. (2022). Diversity and Prediction of Corn Product Loss Due Weed Competition to Two Types of Dry Land Agroecosystem. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(SpecialIssue), 30–38.. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8iSpecialIssue.2489
Ferreira, F. M., Netto, J. A. F. V., Melchert, G. F., Benatti, T. R., Matos, J. W. D., Muniz, F. R., Brum, I. J. B., Nascimento, A. V. D., Bhering, L. L., Dias, K. O. D. G., & Tambarussi, E. V. (2025). Unraveling the Inbreeding Depression Patterns in a Self-Pollinated Eucalyptus Population. BioRxiv, 2(3), 1-43. Retrieved from http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2025/02/07/2025.02.03.636226.abstract
Foote, A. D., Hooper, R., Alexander, A., Baird, R. W., Baker, C. S., Ballance, L., Barlow, J., Brownlow, A., Collins, T., Constantine, R., Rosa, L. D., Davison, N. J., Durban, J. W., Esteban, R., Excoffier, L., Martin, S. L. F., Forney, K. A., Gerrodette, T., Gilbert, M. T. P., & Morin, P. A. (2021). Runs of Homozygosity in Killer Whale Genomes Provide a Global Record of Demographic Histories. Molecular Ecology, 30(23), 6162–6177. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16137
Helilusiatiningsih, N., Oktaviani, K., & Fitriyah, N. (2022). Growth Response and Production of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt) Perkasa F1 Variety with Application of POC and Humic Acid. Formosa Journal of Science and Technology, 1(8), 1261–1274. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v1i8.2247
Hikmah, L. M. K., Sudika, I. W., Yakop, U. M., Sutresna, I. W., & Anugrahwati, D. R. (2023). Perubahan Sifat Akibat Silang Diri pada Generasi S1 Populasi Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) di Lahan Kering. Agroteksos, 33(2), 634-644. https://doi.org/10.29303/agroteksos.v33i2.905
Humoen, M. I., Yahya, S., & Supijatno, S. (2020). Tanggap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Terhadap Waktu Tanam yang Berbeda. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy), 48(2), 127–134. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v48i2.30713
Ige, S. A., Bello, B. O., Mahamood, J., Afolabi, M., Charity, A., Abolusoro, S., & Adeniyi, A. V. (2023). Differential Response of Maize Inbreeding Depression to (Optimal and Stressed) Environments. Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, 11(4), 235–241. https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2023.11.4.235
Ismaiel, I., Towfiq, T., & Kareem, K. (2024). Response of Maize Hybrids to Irrigation Treatments at Semi-Arid Environment. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 55(3), 1127–1138. https://doi.org/10.36103/7ke06w88
Jaya, I. K. D., Suheri, H., Wangiyana, W., & Zubaidi, A. (2024). Crop Diversification Grown as Strip Intercropping Can Improve Farmers’ Return in a Dryland with Sandy Soil. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(6), 3075–3082. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i6.7730
Jian, J., Chai, X., Zhao, X., & Yang, Z. (2025). Self-Pollinated Types and Ecological Adaptations of the Desert Plant Gymnocarpos przewalskii. Plants, 14(10), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14101410
Junaidi, J. (2022). Respon Tanaman Jagung Manis ( Zea mays saccharata Sturt ) Terhadap Jumlah Benih Per Lubang dan Pemberian Pupuk Kandang Ayam. Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani, 2(6), 2827–2846. https://doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v2i6.534
Kaleri, M. H., Jatoi, W. A., Baloch, M., & Chachar, Q. (2022). Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression for Yield and Oil Traits of Sunflower Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions. Plant Science Today, 9(6), 92–104. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2199
Kerawing, A. P., Suryanti, S., & Purwanti, S. (2024). Properties of Rooting, Growth and Yield of Corn (Zea mays l) at Various Watering Intervals. Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (JUATIKA), 6(1), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.36378/juatika.v6i1.3398
Kisman, K., Sutresna, I. W., Aryana, I. G. P. M., Ujianto, L., Sudika, I. W., & Sudharmawan, A. A. K. (2020). Pengatar Ilmu Pemuliaan Tanaman. Mataram: Mataram University Press. Retrieved from https://pusdantb.inlislitentb.com/opac/detail-opac?id=1728164
Lestari, N. P., & Sukri, Z. (2020). Aplikasi Asam Humat Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.). Agropross, Proceedings: Peran Teaching Factory di Perguruan Tinggi Vokasi dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan pada Era New Normal. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 145-152. https://doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2020.46
Lestari, D. P. A., Pribadi, D. U., & Sutini, S. (2023). Pengaruh Pemberian Mulsa dan Pengaturan Jarak Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.). Wahana-Bio: Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya, 15(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.20527/wb.v15i1.14406
Mabin, D., Brunet, J., Riday, H., & Lehmann, L. (2021). Self-fertilization, Inbreeding, and Yield in Alfalfa Seed Production. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12(July). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.700708
Mackay, I. J., Cockram, J., Howell, P., & Powell, W. (2021). Understanding the Classics: The Unifying Concepts of Transgressive Segregation, Inbreeding Depression and Heterosis and Their Central Relevance for Crop Breeding. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 19(1), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13481
Magfira, M., Sulfiani, S., Syah, U. T., Nurcaya, N., & Efendi, R. (2023). Seleksi Beberapa Hasil Persilangan Genotipe Jagung (Zea mays l) Tipe Daun Tegak. Jurnal Galung Tropika, 12(2), 273 – 281. https://doi.org/10.31850/jgt.v12i2.1024
Maskumambang, D., Dipokusumo, B., & Sukardi, L. (2021). Analysis of Land Suitability Level and Efficiency of Corn Farming Business in Kempo District, Dompu. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 7(SpecialIssue), 351–358. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7iSpecialIssue.963
Merrick, L., Beavis, W., Edwards, J., Lübberstedt, T., Campbell, A., Muenchrath, D., & Fe, S.-Z. (2025). Inbreeding and Heterosis. The Genetics and Exploitation of Heterosis in Crops, 69–80. https://doi.org/10.2134/1999.geneticsandexploitation.c7
Mousavi, S. M. N., & Nagy, J. (2021). Evaluation of Plant Characteristics Related to Grain Yield of FAO410 and FAO340 Hybrids Using Regression Models. Cereal Research Communications, 49(1), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-020-00076-3
Muhanniah, M. (2024). Quality Test of Hybrid Corn Seeds Based on the Position of the Seeds on the Cob with a Comparison of the Parental Ratios that Have Been Applied with Trichoderma sp. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(SpecialIssue), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10iSpecialIssue.8057
Mulyani, P. T., & Waluyo, B. (2020). Correlation Analysis between Yield Component Traits and Yield of Watermelon Genotypes (Citrullus lanatus). AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian, 4(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.33019/agrosainstek.v4i1.86
Nabila, N., & Wahyu, Y. (2023). Phenotype Evaluation and Estimation of Genetic Parameter of Baby Corn from Two Generation Selfing and Sibbing. Gontor Agrotech Science Journal, 9(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.21111/agrotech.v9i1.9620
Nazirah, L., Zuhra, I., Satriawan, H., & Muslim, U. A. (2022). Uji Potensi Pertumbuhan Beberapa Varietas Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays) di Kabupaten Bireuen. Journal Agrotek UMMAT, 9(1), 51–64. https://doi.org/0.31764/jau.v9i1.6471.
Nugroho, B. A. (2005). Strategi Jitu Memilih Metode Statistic Penelitian dengan SPSS. Sleman: Andi Publisher.
Pangestu, D. A., Sutjahjo, S. H., & Ritonga, A. W. (2023). Genetic and Morphological Diversity of Various Corn Lines for the Determination of Waxy Corn (Zea mays var. ceratina) Parents. Biodiversitas, 24(10), 5643–5652. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d241046
Poyato-Bonilla, J., Perdomo-González, D. I., Sánchez-Guerrero, M. J., Varona, L., Molina, A., Casellas, J., & Valera, M. (2020). Genetic Inbreeding Depression Load for Morphological Traits and Defects in the Pura Raza Española Horse. Genetics Selection Evolution, 52(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-020-00582-2
Prayogo, C., Prastyaji, D., Prasetya, B., & Arfarita, N. (2021). Structure and Composition of Major Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (MA) under Different Farmer Management of Coffee and Pine Agroforestry System. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science, 1(1), 146–163. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v1i1.2639
Priyanto, S. B., Prayitno, O. D., & Efendi, R. (2023). Correlation and Path Analysis Maize Hybrid Yield. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands, 12(1), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.36706/jlso.12.1.2023.629
Priyanto, S. B., & Subechan, M. A. (2023). Eksplorasi Karakter Sekunder untuk Seleksi Tidak Langsung pada Jagung pada Kondisi Kekeringan. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan, 23(1), 25-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v23i1.2249
Rahmania, R., Zulmardi, Z., & Marganof, M. (2025). Uji Pertumbuhan Dua Calon Varietas Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Komposit di Dua Lokasi Kota Payakumbuh dan Kabupaten Agam Sumatera Barat. JAGUR Jurnal Agroteknologi, 7(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.25077/jagur.7.1.25-32.2025
Rani, A. K., Saputro, N. W., & Sayafi'I, M. (2022). Keragaan Karakter Fenologi dan Daya Hasil Beberapa Calon Hibrida Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) MS-UNSIKA di Dataran Tinggi Wanayasa Purwakarta. AGROHITA Journal, 7(1), 19-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31604/jap.v7i1.6804
Revilla, P., Anibas, C. M., & Tracy, W. F. (2021). Sweet Corn Research Around The World 2015–2020. Agronomy, 11(3), 1–49. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030534
Ruswandi, D., Supriatna, J., Suryadi, E., Indriani, N. P., Wicaksana, N., Syafii, M., & Yuwariah, Y. (2021). Evaluasi Kegenjahan dan Daya Hasil Jagung Manis Hibrida Indonesia Menggunakan Analisis GGE Biplot pada Lingkungan yang Berbeda. Jurnal Kultivasi, 20(2), 120-128. https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v20i2.32748
Ruswandi, D., Yuwariah, Y., Ariyanti, M., Syafii, M., & Nuraini, A. (2020). Stability and Adaptability of Yield Among Earliness Sweet Corn Hybrids in West Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Agronomy, 2020(6), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4341906
Scott, M. F., Mackintosh, C., & Immler, S. (2024). Gametic Selection Favours Polyandry and Selfing. PLoS Genetics, 20(2), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010660
Shojaiefar, S., Sabzalian, M. R., Mirlohi, A., & Tajdivand, A. (2021). Evidence for Self-Compatibility and Variation for Inbreeding Depression within Breeding Populations of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2021.100299
Sitorus, E., Sihombing, P., Panataria, L. R., & Saragih, M. K. (2024). The Effect of NASA Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Chicken Manure on the Growth of Sweet Corn Plants (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(8), 4551–4560. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i8.7530
Soeroso, B., Wijaya, I., Widiarti, W., Wahyudi, I., & Oktarina, O. (2021). Manajemen Nutrisi Si dalam Peningkatan Pertumbuhan dan Ketahananalami Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays) pada Berbagai Kondisi Media Tanah. Agritrop: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian (Journal of Agricultural Science), 19(2), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.32528/agritrop.v19i2.5993
Soleh, A., Batoa, H., & Mardin, M., (2024). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi Petani Terhadap Usahatani Jagung Hibdrida di Desa Laiba Kecamatan Parigi Kabupaten Muna. JIPPM (Jurnal Ilmiah Penyuluhan dan Pengembangan Masyarakat), 4(2), 181–188. https://doi.org/10.56189/jippm.v4i2.25
Steeg, E. M. S. T., Struik, P. C., Visser, R. G. F., & Lindhout, P. (2022). Crucial Factors for the Feasibility of Commercial Hybrid Breeding in Food Crops. Nature Plants, 8(5), 463–473. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01142-w
Stetsenko, R., & Roze, D. (2022). The Evolution of Recombination in Self-Fertilizing Organisms. Genetics, 222(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac114
Sudika, I. W., & Anugrahwati, D. R. (2021). Perbaikan Sudut Daun Populasi Komposit Tanaman Jagung Melalui Hibridisasi Dengan Varietas Hibrida. Jurnal Sains Teknologi & Lingkungan, 13(13), 254–266. https://doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v0i0.261
Sudika, I. W., Sutresna, I. W., & Anugrahwati, D. R. (2022). Estimation of Genetic Variance and Heritability of F2 Populations of Corn Plants in Dry Land. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(SpecialIssue), 117–123. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8ispecialissue.2481
Sukmawati, S., Adnyana, I. M., Supraptha, D. N., & Busaifi, R. (2022). Effect of MVA Indigenous Isolates and Types of Planting Media on Growth and Result of Corn Plant on Dry Land Central Lombok. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(SpecialIssue), 112–117. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8iSpecialIssue.2470
Surtinah, S. (2020). Increasing Sweet Corn Production: Fertilizing Zea Mays Saccharata, Sturt Context in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 469(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/469/1/012114
Suwarno, P. M., Qadir, A., Wijaya, A. K., & Suwarno, W. B. (2023). Agronomic Performance of IPB Maize Hybrids and Combining Ability of the Lines. Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 10(02), 144–151. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.10.02.144-151
Syahruddin, K., Azrai, M., Nur, A., Abid, M., & Wu, W. Z. (2020). A Review of Maize Production and Breeding in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 484(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/484/1/012040
Syahruddin, K., Suwardi, S., Priyanto, S. B., Efendi, R., Herawati, H., Fattah, A., Rahman, R., Hasbi, H., Aminah, A., Fatmawati, F., Santoso, S. B., Bidhari, L. A., & Abid, M. (2023). Adaptation of Several Hybrid Maize in West Nusa Tenggara Drylands Using Modified Plant Spacing for Optimal Seed and Biomass Productions. Kultivasi, 22(3), 294–302. https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v22i3.48558
Walne, C. H., Thenveettil, N., Ramamoorthy, P., Bheemanahalli, R., Reddy, K. N., & Reddy, K. R. (2024). Unveiling Drought-Tolerant Corn Hybrids for Early-Season Drought Resilience Using Morpho-Physiological Traits. Agriculture (Switzerland), 14(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14030425
Walter, J., & Kromdijk, J. (2022). Here Comes the Sun: How Optimization of Photosynthetic Light Reactions Can Boost Crop Yields. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 64(2), 564–591. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13206
Yasin, M., Noer, H., & Indrawati, H. (2025). Increasing Maize Production in Palolo District, Sigi Regency: Challenges and Opportunities toward Food Independence. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(8), 998–1009. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.12321
Yoskader, Y., Waworuntu, J., & Montolalu, I. R. (2023). The Effect of Providing Pearl NPK Fertilizer on the Growth and Production of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(11), 9910–9915. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.4857
Yustisia, Y., Ratmini, N. S., Amirrullah, J., Juwita, Y., Hutabarat, Y., & Atekan, A. (2021). Yield Components and Efficiency Index of Maize Yield: Relationship to Yields in Tidal Fields. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal: Journal of Suboptimal Lands, 10(2), 140–149. https://doi.org/10.36706/jlso.10.2.2021.522
Yuwariah, Y., Haysa, Q. N., Muhammad, D. B., Ruswandi, D., & Wicaksono, F. Y. (2023). Correlation Analysis between Agronomic Character and Yield of Padjadjaran maize Hybrids at Medium and High Population Densities. Kultivasi, 22(3), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v22i3.45210
Zhan, X., Chen, Z., Chen, R., & Shen, C. (2022). Environmental and Genetic Factors Involved in Plant Protection-Associated Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Pathways. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13(April), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.877304
Zhang, M., Liu, X., Peng, T., Wang, D., Liang, D., Li, H., Hao, M., Ning, S., Yuan, Z., Jiang, B., Chen, X., Chen, X., Huang, L., Zhang, L., & Liu, D. (2021). Identification of a Recessive Gene YrZ15-1370 Conferring Adult Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in Wheat-Triticum Boeoticum Introgression Line. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 134(9), 2891–2900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03866-3
Zhang, L., Liu, G., Yang, Y., Guo, X., Jin, S., Xie, R., Ming, B., Xue, J., Wang, K., Li, S., & Hou, P. (2023). Root Characteristics for Maize with the Highest Grain Yield Potential of 22.5 Mg ha−1 in China. Agriculture (Switzerland), 13(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13040765
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Wayan Sri Suliartini, I Wayan Sutresna, I Wayan Sudika, Novita Hidayatun Nufus, Wa Ode Nuraida
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
