Optimization of Essence Formulation Containing Purified Extract of Purple Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity Using DPPH Method
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i4.13517Published:
2026-04-25Downloads
Abstract
The ethanol extract of purple roselle flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is known to exhibit very strong antioxidant activity and contains flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins that contribute to free radical scavenging through hydrogen donation mechanisms. This study aimed to formulate an antioxidant essence based on purified purple roselle extract. The extract was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol and purified through liquid–liquid extraction using an aqueous–ethyl acetate solvent system. The purified extract was formulated into essence preparations at concentrations of 1% (FI), 3% (FII), and 5% (FIII), with the base formula (FIV) as a negative control and quercetin (FV) as a positive control. Evaluations included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, and freeze–thaw stability, while antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method. All formulations met the required physical quality standards, and Formulas I–IV remained stable during testing. Formula V exhibited a color change from yellow to reddish-brown, indicating the temperature sensitivity of quercetin. The IC₅₀ values of FI, FII, and FIII were 57.96 ppm (strong), 47.01 ppm (very strong), and 33.63 ppm (very strong), respectively, while FV showed an IC₅₀ of 29.86 ppm. Formula III demonstrated the best performance with very strong antioxidant activity and good physical stability.
Keywords:
Anthocyanins Antioxidant activity DPPH method Essence formulation IC₅₀ Purified extract of purple roselle StabilityReferences
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