Cultural Diversity, Multicultural Interactions, and their Impact on Health-Seeking Behavior and Well-being within the Bukit Bintang Urban Environment, Malaysia
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i1.13529Published:
2026-01-25Downloads
Abstract
Cultural diversity and everyday multicultural interactions strongly influence health-seeking behavior and well-being in complex urban settings. Bukit Bintang is a cosmopolitan urban district in Malaysia where culturally diverse communities interact within shared spaces. This study aims to examine how cultural diversity and everyday multicultural encounters influence health-seeking behavior and well-being among residents and visitors within the Bukit Bintang urban environment. Employing a qualitative research design, this study draws data from literature reviews, national and international journal articles, research reports, interviews, observations, and contextual documentation. The researcher served as the primary instrument, supported by interview protocols, observation guidelines, recording tools, and field documents. The analysis focused on subjective meanings, lived experiences, and participants’ interpretations of cultural and health-related practices. Findings reveal that multicultural interactions affect health-seeking behavior through varying preferences for traditional and modern healthcare, reliance on culturally familiar providers, and differing levels of trust in formal health institutions. While diversity promotes inclusivity and enriches the social fabric, challenges remain, including communication barriers, socio-economic disparities, and uneven access to health information. The study concludes that culturally responsive health strategies and inclusive community engagement are essential to improving health equity and supporting well-being within Malaysia’s multicultural urban environments.
Keywords:
Bukit Bintang Cultural Diversity Health-Seeking Behavior Multiculturalism Sustainable TourismReferences
Abubakari, A.-K., Gross, J., Boateng, S. K., & Ansong, R. (2024). Cultural competency of Nurses in a Multi-Cultural Healthcare System in Two Regions of Ghana. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 20, 100728. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2024.100728
Alkar, E. (2025). The multicultural personality and ethnocentrism tendencies of pre-service teachers in Türkiye. International Journal of Educational Development, 114, 103248. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2025.103248
Anthony, K., McCaffrey, K. D., & Arora, A. (2025). Chapter 13 - Design for mental and behavioral health: Social and psychological issues. In A. S. Devlin (Ed.), Environmental Psychology and Human Well-Being (Second Edition) (Second Edition, pp. 369–404). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-23536-8.00013-7
Anwar, M., & Sabrina, E. (2020). Design of decision support system in determining the single student tuition fee in higher education. COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education, 5(4), 185–195.
Bashir, H., Meng, F., & Saleem, S. (2025). Knowledge-hiding behavior in multicultural management: the impact of cultural values and the buffering effect of cultural intelligence. Journal of Knowledge Management, 29(6), 1786–1813. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-10-2023-0940
Butorac, I., McNaney, R., Seguin, J. P., Olivier, P., Northam, J. C., Tully, L. A., … Carter, A. (2025). Developing Digital Mental Health Tools With Culturally Diverse Parents and Young People: Qualitative User-Centered Design Study. JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting, 8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2196/65163
Cahayati, S. N., Lubis, N. H., Harahap, T. R., Sinaga, M., Ritonga, N. A., Ritonga, L. P., & Desky, A. F. (2025). Sosialisasi Keberagaman Agama dan Budaya Sebelum Bekerja di Luar Negeri. Jurnal Abdimas Indonesia, 5(3), 1256–1265.
Campo, F., Giunti, S., Mendola, M., & Tura, G. (2025). Political backlash to refugee settlement: Cultural and economic drivers. Journal of Public Economics, 250, 105467. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105467
Daoud, O. W., Ahmed, V., Alzaatreh, A., & Anane, C. (2025). The impact of socio-economic factors on recycling behavior and waste generation: Insights from a diverse university population in the UAE. Cleaner Waste Systems, 11, 100266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100266
Figueroa, M., & Hofhuis, J. (2024). Are some individuals more susceptible to intercultural education than others? Multicultural personality predicts the effects of an intercultural training on cultural intelligence. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 98, 101927. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2023.101927
Gan, D., Alkaher, I., & Getahune, S. (2025). Multiculturalism, identity, and education: Local and global perspectives on a journey to Ethiopia and its impact on Israeli students and staff citizenship. International Journal of Educational Development, 118, 103416. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2025.103416
Harvey, T. S. (2025). Cultural Issues and Linguistic Complications in Health Communication. In S. R. Quah (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Public Health (Third Edition) (Third Edition, pp. 120–126). Oxford: Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99967-0.00137-X
Hendriyani, Y., Anwar, M., Hidayat, H., Journal, E. S.-T., & 2025, undefined. (n.d.). Predicting Academic Performance Based on Students’ HOTS, Cognitive Structure, Prior Knowledge, and Trait Thinking Using ANFIS Model. Temjournal.ComY Hendriyani, M Anwar, H Hidayat, E SabrinaTEM Journal, 2025•temjournal.Com.
Ilham, I., Agus, A., Tomoliyus, T., Sugiyanto, F. X., Tirtawirya, D., Lumintuarso, R., … Jean-Berchmans, B. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Adaptations Progress in VO2max , Leg Power , and Agility among Male and Female Sports Science Students Análisis Comparativo del Progreso de las Adaptaciones en VO2max , Potencia de Piernas y Agilidad entre Estudiantes Masculinos y. Retos, 57, 245–257. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.107053
Jamwal, R., & Kamboj, S. (2025). Unravelling the nexus between spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence and psychological well-being: empirical study of Gen Z in an emerging market. British Food Journal, 127(12), 4693–4714. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-03-2025-0346
Jeon, S., & Park, J. H. (2025). The effect of grief following loss on fear of intimacy of Korean returnee cross-cultural individuals (CCIs): The moderating effects of meaning-making and cultural identity. Children and Youth Services Review, 176, 108428. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108428
Kim, R. C. (2024). Re-envisioning corporate social responsibility education from a multicultural perspective: From pyramid to hourglass. The International Journal of Management Education, 22(3), 101046. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101046
Koech, D. K., Degago, E. D., Okore, L. A., & Molnár, E. (2025). Internationalization in higher education: Motives, challenges, support options, and work study balance on WHO-5 wellbeing among international students in Hungary. Acta Psychologica, 258, 105184. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105184
Lee, H.-S. (2025). Defining core science of ‘sensory and consumer science’: Understanding human sensory perception, foods/materials interaction, and their influence on consumer behavior, health, and well-being. Food Quality and Preference, 129, 105492. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2025.105492
Lestari, R. A., & Albina, M. (2025). Adaptasi Budaya dalam Masyarakat Multikultural. Jurnal Kajian Islam Dan Sosial Keagamaan, 2(3), 496–501.
Leuwol, F. S., Jamin, N. S., & Ayu, S. K. (2023). Psikologi multikultural dalam praktik: Menghadapi tantangan kesejahteraan mental di era global dengan pemahaman dan pendekatan yang beragam. Jurnal Multidisiplin West Science, 2(08), 649–659.
Li, N., & Peters, A. (2024). A multicultural education perspective: engaging students and educators to critically exam fat ideology in teacher education and P-12 classrooms. English Teaching: Practice & Critique, 23(2), 283–297. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/ETPC-09-2023-0121
Mateo-Babiano, I., & Fong, A. (2024). Integrating multiculturalism in public space policy and place governance. Urban Governance, 4(1), 56–67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ugj.2024.01.001
Meca, A., Allison, K., Ayers, K., & Cruz, B. (2023). The role of family cultural values in adolescent health and psychosocial functioning. In B. Halpern-Felsher (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Health (First Edition) (First Edition, pp. 660–669). Oxford: Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818872-9.00068-6
Medina-Porqueres, I., Rosado Velazquez, D., Moya Torrecilla, F., Orava, S., & Cacchio, A. (2022). Translation, Linguistic Validation, and Readability of the Spanish Version of the VISA-H Scale in Elite Athletes. The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery, 10(8), 683–694. https://doi.org/10.22038/ABJS.2021.52127.2574
Meng, H., Wang, Z., Li, X., & Sun, J. (2025). Cultural security in the context of globalization: A bibliometric analysis and trend exploration. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 108, 102234. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102234
Mhadhbi, H., MacMillan, A., Draper-Rodi, J., Ménard, M., & Sposato, N. S. (2025). Advancing Equitable Osteopathic Practice: Integrating Person-Centredness & Addressing Racial Biases Through the Lens of Critical Theory. International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 55, 100752. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijosm.2025.100752
Michael, D., & Kyriakides, L. (2025). Students’ multicultural attitudes and the role of background characteristics. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 87, 101505. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2025.101505
Modanloo, S., Wazni, L., Gifford, W., Hakimi, Z., & Ali, S. S. (2025). Health Equity in Maternal-Newborn Care: A Sub-Analysis of Interventions for Birthing Women from the Middle East and North Africa. Nursing for Women’s Health. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nwh.2025.07.003
Novianti, C., Zuhriyah, N. F., Quro, U., & Asshiddieqiy, A. H. (2024). Pengaruh Konseling Lintas Budaya terhadap Penyesuaian Karyawan di Tempat Kerja Multikultural. Blantika: Multidisciplinary Journal, 2(8).
Padli, P., Prasetyo, T., Kurniawan, R., Putra, R. A., & Candra, O. (2024). The influence of environment and social interaction on the formation of athlete character: a descriptive study. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología Del Ejercicio y El Deporte, 19(4), 430–434.
Palmer, A. K., Riley, M., Jones, L., Clement, S., Evans, K. L., & Brockett, B. F. T. (2025). Exploring the role of ethnicity and culture in shaping greenspace practices: A qualitative study from Bristol, UK. Landscape and Urban Planning, 264, 105493. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105493
Pawar, S. S., & Mishra, A. A. (2025). From efficiency to immersion: understanding generational differences in avatar interactions. Computers in Human Behavior, 172, 108732. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2025.108732
Prasetyo, T., Putra, R. A., Kurniawan, R., & Nurdin, R. F. (2025). The Impact of Free Nutritional Meal Program on Students’ Physical Fitness and Mental Health: A Descriptive Study. American Journal of Medical Education, 1(3), 48–56. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mededu.20250103.13
Pratama, A., Duha, A., Sinaga, M. A., Sembiring, Y. P., & Delita, F. (2024). Strategi Interaksi Sosial dalam Membangun Harmoni Antar Etnis oleh Masyarakat Etnis Tionghoa di Komplek Asia Mega Mas Medan. Jurnal Ilmiah Dinamika Sosial, 8(1), 23–39.
Raj, M., Pande, S., & Ramesh, M. V. (2025). Cultural Dynamics and Endogeneity in Psychological Drivers of Adoption of Community-Based Water Purification Technology in Rural India. IScience, 113857. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.113857
Rinaldi, R., Argantos, A., Syahrastani, S., Zulbahri, Z., & Kurniawan, R. (2025). Evaluation of the Achievement Development Program of Swimming Athletes of the Indonesian Aquatic Federation ( IAF ) Solok City. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(3), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10373
Saadi, A., Platt, R. E., Danaher, F., & Zhen-Duan, J. (2024). Partnering With Immigrant Patients and Families to Move Beyond Cultural Competence: A Role for Clinicians and Health Care Organizations. Academic Pediatrics, 24(5, Supplement), 6–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2023.06.016
Safdar, S., Chahar Mahali, S., & Scott, C. (2023). A critical review of multiculturalism and interculturalism as integration frameworks: The case of Canada. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 93, 101756. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2023.101756
Safonov, A., Hall, C. M., & Prayag, G. (2023). Non-collaborative behaviour of accommodation businesses in the associational tourism economy. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 54, 98–107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.12.007
Sari, A. P., Bafirman, Rifki, M. S., Syafrianto, D., & Kurniawan, R. (2023). The impact of maumere gymnastics on blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients: A promising non-pharmacological intervention. Journal Sport Area, 8(3), 328–339. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2023.vol8(3).11727
Sari, A. P., Kurniawan, R., Selviani, I., Okilanda, A., Rifki, M. S., Setiawan, E., … Jimenez, G. (2024). Maumere exercise therapy and low salt diet in hypertension sufferers: an effort to lower blood pressure. Retos, 56, 1016–1025. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.106718
Sari, A. P., Rahmadhanti, R., Car, B., Pavlović, R., Ndayisenga, J., Prasetyo, T., & Kurniawan, R. (2025). Royal Jelly Potentially Reduces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation after Physical Activity : A Systematic Literarure Review. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, XXVI, 1939–1954.
Schreiber, E., Van Dijk, D., & Drory, A. (2025). The effect of cultural diversity on employees’ trust in their teammates: transformational leadership as a moderator. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 46(4), 593–611. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2024-0661
Selviani, I., Prasetyo, T., Kurniawan, R., Putra, R. A., Candra, O., & Rizal, Y. (2024). Activities and Involvement in Sports have a Significant Impact on Life: A Descriptive Analysis. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(8), 1926–1934. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.8080140
Seprianto, S., Soleha, S., Ristianti, D. H., & Harmi, H. (2023). Peran Konseling Multikultural dalam Mengatasi Stigma Gangguan Kesehatan Mental: Multicultural Counseling, Stigma, Mental Health Disorders, Jambu Rejo village. Ghaidan: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam Dan Kemasyarakatan, 7(1), 88–96.
Shonfeld, M., Shapira, N., Falah, J. F., & Friedman, D. (2025). Looking for an agreed-upon definition of teachers’ intercultural competence in a divided society. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 108, 102223. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102223
Sunarya, U., & Ruswadi, I. (2024). Sosial Budaya Dan Kesehatan: Perspektif Ilmu Dan Praktik. Penerbit Adab.
Trirezeki, A., Fitrina, F., & Ubabudin, U. (2025). Dampak Perubahan Sosial Budaya Terhadap Pendidikan. Adiba: Journal Of Education, 5(2), 221–228.
Virgona, A., Ruby, M. B., & Kashima, E. S. (2025). Flexibly navigating cultural diversity: How polycultural identity facilitates a meaningful and rich life. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 109, 102279. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102279
Wediawati, T., Sanistasya, P. A., Lukman, I., Herliah, E., Dwivayani, K. D., Mubarak, A. R., … Sutopo, T. (2025). Beragama di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara: Tantangan dan Peluang dalam Menciptakan Keharmonisan Sosial. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 5(2), 3246–3260.
West, S., Monteyne, A. J., van der Heijden, I., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T. (2023). Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete. Advances in Nutrition, 14(4), 774–795. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.012
Yao, M. (2025). The study of the effects of digital media applications in cross-cultural communication in the construction of cultural identity. Acta Psychologica, 258, 105247. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105247
Yasinta, S. D., Shakila, D. N., Ramadhan, R. M., & Habsy, B. A. (2025). Pelatihan Konseling Multibudaya dalam Pendidikan Konselor. Edukasi Elita: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan, 2(3), 160–178.
Yılmaz, İ. S., Yılmaz-Özdemir, İ., & Woodhead, C. (2025). Examining factors influencing forcibly displaced children and youth’s access to mental health support: An overview of reviews. Children and Youth Services Review, 176, 108431. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108431
Zafar, M. B., & Abu-Hussin, M. F. (2025). Faith, growth, and ethics: cross-cultural analysis of religiosity and environment protection vis-a-vis economic priorities among Muslims. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 106, 102716. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102716
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggie Noer Apriliani, Syafri Anwar, Febriandi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).






