Effectiveness of Science Evaluation Questions on Animal Classification Material on Learning Outcomes and Problem Solving of Third Grade Elementary School Students
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i6.14535Published:
2026-06-30Downloads
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of third-grade elementary school science assessment questions on animal classification in measuring students’ learning outcomes and problem-solving skills. A quantitative approach with a pre-test–post-test design was employed involving 51 third-grade students. The assessment instrument consisted of science questions covering vertebrate and invertebrate classification, amphibian characteristics, and animal habitats. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test assessments and analyzed using descriptive and quantitative methods. The results indicated that the assessment questions effectively measured learning outcomes, with N-gain scores of 0.37 (moderate) in the first class and 0.25 (low) in the second class. Problem-solving analysis revealed that the first class performed better in planning solutions and drawing conclusions, while the second class showed stronger performance in understanding problems, with comparable achievement in implementing solutions. These findings demonstrate that assessment questions aligned with learning objectives and students’ cognitive development effectively evaluate both conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills. Therefore, the developed science assessment questions are appropriate as an effective evaluation tool for elementary school science learning
Keywords:
Animal classification Learning outcomes Problem-solving skills Science assessment questions Third-grade elementary school studentsReferences
Ahmad, S., Phil, M., & Malik, M. (2016). Play and Cognitive Development: Formal Operational Perspective of Piaget’s. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(28), 72–79. www.iiste.org
Alang, A., Hardoko, A., Masruhim, M. A., & Maasawet, E. T. (2024). Evaluasi Instrumen Penilaian Kompetensi Keterampilan Proses Mata Pelajaran IPA Biologi di SMP PGRI 1 Samboja. Jurnal Pendas Mahakam, 9(September), 174–184.
Amrin, A., Pendi, Syahrul, & Siregar, I. (2025). Implementasi dan Tantangan Evaluasi Pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah. Moral : Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Islam, 2(2), 279–287.
Andriliyani, S., Moro, H. K. E. P., & Purwanto, P. (2021). Penyusunan Booklet Hasil Penelitian Etnozoologi Di Pasar Kliwon Kalibening Banjarnegara Sebagai Sumber Belajar Biologi Kelas X Materi Keanekaragaman Hayati. Borneo Journal of Biology Education (BJBE), 3(2), 130–151. https://doi.org/10.35334/bjbe.v3i2.2428 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35334/bjbe.v3i2.2428
Destiana, D., Suchyadi, Y., & Anjaswuri, F. (2020). Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran Produktif di Sekolah Dasar [Development of Assessment Instruments to Improve the Quality of Productive Learning in Elementary Schools]. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran Guru Sekolah Dasar (JPPGuseda), 3(2), 119–123. https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/JPPGuseda/article/view/2720
Devianti Komalasari, F., & Ketut Widada, I. (2022). Kesulitan Guru dalam Melaksanakan Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Kurikulum 2013 Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Journal of Classroom Action Research, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.29303/jcar.v4i1.1388
Ernita Pasaribu, Monica Intan Reni, Nadya Tesalonika Simbolon, Niko Alriadi Sinaga, Putri Nurul Auliya, & Tetty Aprilya Rezeki Simatupang. (2024). Analisis Kognitif dan Pemahaman Siswa Mengenai Pembelajaran IPA Pada Kelas 6C SDN 101766 Bandar Setia dengan Soal Berbasis HOTS. Harmoni Pendidikan : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 2(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.62383/hardik.v2i1.974 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62383/hardik.v2i1.974
Hayati, Y., Ramdani, A., & ... (2023). Analisis Butir Soal Pada Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Guru Biologi SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022. Journal of Classroom …, 5. https://jppipa.unram.ac.id/index.php/jcar/article/view/4694%0Ahttps://jppipa.unram.ac.id/index.php/jcar/article/download/4694/3004
Hidayah, R. U., Padmarini, R. R. E. E. I. P., & Pramesti, F. A. (2025). Penggunaan Media Visual dan Sortir Kartu untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Klasifikasi Siswa SD. Basica Academica: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Sekolah Dasar, 1(2), 146–154.
Karengga, F. I., Rizko, U., & Bashith, A. (2025). Analisis Problematika Pelaksanaan Evaluasi Pembelajaran IPA dalam Mencapai Tujuan Pendidikan pada Kurikulum Merdeka SD/MI. Al-Madrasah Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 9(2), 533. https://doi.org/10.35931/am.v9i2.4401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35931/am.v9i2.4401
Muhadi, Jarir, Khairina, Rajuna, & Prasetyo, E. (2025). Evaluasi Perencanaan Desain Pembelajaran , Pelaksanaan Proses. Edu Society: Jurnal Pendidikan, Ilmu Sosial, Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 5(2) DOI: https://doi.org/10.56832/edu.v5i2.1084
Ndiung, S., & Jediut, M. (2020). Pengembangan instrumen tes hasil belajar matematika peserta didik sekolah dasar berorientasi pada berpikir tingkat tinggi. Premiere Educandum : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Dan Pembelajaran, 10(1) DOI: https://doi.org/10.25273/pe.v10i1.6274
Polya, G. (1981). Mathematical discovery on understanding, learning and teaching problem solving: Combined edition (S. University (ed.)). John Wiley & Sons.
Purnama, A. Y., Kuswanto, H., Rani, S. A., Putranta, H., & Winingsih, P. H. (2021). Simulasi Difraksi Fraunhofer Menggunakan Media Spreadsheet dan GNU Octave Sebagai Alternatif Pembelajaran dimasa Pandemi. Kappa Journal, 5(2), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.29408/kpj.v5i2.3695 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29408/kpj.v5i2.3695
Purnama, A. Y., Sulistyowati, F., Widodo, W., Khaharsyah, A., & Saputri, R. (2026). Development of a Fourier Transform-Based Gamelan Signal Processing Simulation Using Python and GNU Octave to Support Problem-Solving Skills and Independent Learning. 3(3), 192–207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58230/edutech.v3i3.85
Putri Liani, D., & Hamdian Affandi, L. (2023). Analisis Kemampuan Guru Dalam Menggunakan Media Gambar Pada Pembelajaran IPA. Journal of Classroom Action Research, 5(4). http://jppipa.unram.ac.id/index.php/jcar/index___________
Rahmat, M. (2024). Pendidikan IPA di SD. Nasmedia.
Rudini, M. (2020). Efektivitas Analisis Butir Soal Mata Pelajaran Matematika Pada Siswa Kelas IV Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Guru Di SDN Sabang. Tolis Ilmiah; Jurnal Penelitian, 2(1), 17–27. https://ojs.umada.ac.id/index.php/Tolis_Ilmiah/article/view/90
Saputri, R., Wilujeng, I., Jumadi, J., Nurohman, S., & Purnama, A. Y. (2023). Development of PBL Modul-El to Improve Problem Solving Students of Physics Education Program. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(10), 8376–8382. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i10.4092 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i10.4092
Savika, H. I., & Zuhriyah, I. A. (2024). Peran Analisis Butir Soal Terhadap Kualitas Soal, Kompetensi Guru, Dan Prestasi Belajar Peserta Didik Di Sekolah Dasar. PANDU : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Dan Pendidikan Umum, 2(2), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.59966/pandu.v2i2.856 DOI: https://doi.org/10.59966/pandu.v2i1.828
Wangsa, A. S., Dantes, N., & Suastra, I. W. (2021). Pengembangan Instrumen Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Dan Hasil Belajar Ipa. PENDASI: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Indonesia, 5(1), 139–150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jurnal_pendas.v5i1.267
Winingsih, P. H., Kuswanto, H., Saputro, H., Purwanto, J., Erlangga, S. Y., Purnama, A. Y., Sebastian, R., & Silvia, S. (2023). Analysis of understanding of physics concepts through problem solving units review in free fall motion materials. Revista Mexicana de Fisica E, 20(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.31349/RevMexFisE.20.020205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31349/RevMexFisE.20.020205
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Esti Suciati, Elyas Djufri, Didi Supriadi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
