Phytochemical and Antioxidant Screening in Zuriat Fruit to Improve Spermatozoa Quality: Skill Development in Biotechnology Practical Learning
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i5.14714Published:
2026-05-31Downloads
Abstract
Research-based practical learning is essential in biotechnology education to develop laboratory competence and apply theoretical knowledge through scientific investigation. This study aimed to integrate phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity testing, and sperm quality analysis of Hyphaene thebaica (zuriat) fruit into a biotechnology practical and evaluate its effectiveness in improving pharmacy students' learning outcomes and laboratory competence. A mixed-methods, single-group pre-experimental pre-test–post-test design was conducted involving fifth-semester Pharmacy students at the Institute of Technology and Health Bali. The practical included phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity assessment using the DPPH method, and evaluation of sperm count, motility, morphology, and viability. Quantitative data were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests, while qualitative and observational data were analyzed descriptively. Phytochemical screening identified alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, steroids, triterpenoids, and terpenoids, whereas quinones were absent. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 55.49 mg/L) and improved sperm count, motility, viability, and normal morphology compared with the control group. Students' learning outcomes increased significantly from 65 ± 3.5 to 85 ± 4.2 (p = 0.001), with laboratory skills rated good to very good across all assessed domains. These findings demonstrate that research-based biotechnology practicals using zuriat fruit effectively enhance students' cognitive achievement, laboratory competence, and understanding of herbal bioactive compounds
Keywords:
Biotechnology practical learning Phytochemical screening Skill development Spermatozoa quality Zuriat fruitReferences
Aboshora, W., Lianfu, Z., Dahir, M., Qingran, M., Qingrui, S., Jing, L., Al-Haj, N. Q. M., & Ammar, A. F. (2014). Effect of extraction method and solvent power on polyphenol and flavonoid levels in Hyphaene Thebaica L Mart (Arecaceae) (Doum) fruit, and its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(12), 2057–2063. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v13i12.16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v13i12.16
Antari, N. W. S., & Damayanti, I. A. M. (2025). Activity of Zuriat Fruit Extract (Hyphaene thebaica) on The DNA Fragmentation and Spermatozoa Quality of Male Mice (Mus musculus) Given Balinese Arak. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(8), 711–719. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.11855 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.11855
Ayad, B. M., Oyeyipo, I. P., Van der Horst, G., & Du Plessis, S. S. (2021). Cementing the relationship between conventional and advanced semen parameters. Middle East Fertility Society Journal, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43043-021-00086-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43043-021-00086-z
Byrd, J. J., Emmert, E., Maxwell, R., & Townsend, H. (2019). Guidelines for Biosafety in Teaching Laboratories Version 2.0: A Revised and Updated Manual for 2019. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 20(3), 2–4. https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v20i3.1975 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v20i3.1975
Costa, A. F., Onofre, F. B. de M., & Onofre, A. S. C. (2024). Agreement and internal quality assurance of the Neubauer hemocytometer and Makler chamber for human sperm concentration determination. Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida, 28(2), 215–223. https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20240023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20240023
Dahiru, M. M., & Nadro, M. S. (2022). Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Hyphaene thebaica Fruit. Borneo Journal of Pharmacy, 5(4), 325–333. https://doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v5i4.3632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v5i4.3632
Damayanti, I. A. M., Antari, N. W. S., & Wulansari, N. T. (2022). Antioxidant activity of doum fruit extract (hyphaene thebaica) as an alternative to antidiabetic drinks. International Journal of Chemical & Material Sciences, 5(1), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijcms.v5n1.1895 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21744/ijcms.v5n1.1895
Działo, M., Mierziak, J., Korzun, U., Preisner, M., Szopa, J., & Kulma, A. (2016). The potential of plant phenolics in prevention and therapy of skin disorders. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(2), 1–41. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17020160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17020160
Feoktistova, M., Makarov, R., Yazdi, A. S., & Panayotova-Dimitrova, D. (2021). Ripk1 and tradd regulate tnf-induced signaling and ripoptosome formation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(22), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212459 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212459
Ge, Y. M., Lu, J. C., Tang, S. S., Xu, Y. H., & Liang, Y. J. (2023). Performance evaluation of sperm concentration, motility, and morphological analysis for GSA-810 series of sperm quality analysis system. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 37(23–24), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.24986 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.24986
Godlewska, K., Pacyga, P., Szumny, A., Szymczycha-Madeja, A., Wełna, M., & Michalak, I. (2022). Methods for Rapid Screening of Biologically Active Compounds Present in Plant-Based Extracts. Molecules, 27(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207094 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207094
Kolla, M. C., Laya, A., Bayang, J. P., & Koubala, B. B. (2021). Effect of different drying methods and storage conditions on physical, nutritional, bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of doum (Hyphaene thebaica) fruits. Heliyon, 7(4), e06678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06678 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06678
Kowalczyk, A. (2022). The Role of the Natural Antioxidant Mechanism in Sperm Cells. Reproductive Sciences, 29(5), 1387–1394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-021-00795-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-021-00795-w
Kurniawan, M. F., & Wardany, H. N. K. (2021). Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanol Extract of Figs Leaves (Ficus carica L.) with SGOT & SGPT Parameters in Sprague Dawley Female Rats Induced by Paracetamol. Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal), 7(2), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2021.v7.i2.15443 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2021.v7.i2.15443
Maknun, D., Gloria, R. Y., & Muzakki, J. A. (2020). Keterampilan meneliti yang dimiliki mahasiswa prodi pendidikan biologi se-wilayah III Cirebon. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 6(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v6i1.28251 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v6i1.28251
McVay, G. J., & Cooke, D. J. (2006). WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. In Healthcare financial management : journal of the Healthcare Financial Management Association (Vol. 60, Issue 10). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240030787
Melinawati, E., Budihastuti, U. R., Pangestu, M., Prakosa, T., Ratnasari, A. A., Laqif, A., Darto, Hadi, C., Susanto, L., Sukmawati, M., Dwiyana, R. K., Tristiarti, A. M., & Jatiningtyas, A. Z. (2023). The success rate of intrauterine insemination in sperm preparation swim-up method at room temperature compared to the incubator temperature. Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi, 31(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.20473/mog.v31i12023.11-16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/mog.V31I12023.11-16
Molyneux, P. (2004). The Use of the Stable Free Radical Diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) for Estimating Antioxidant Activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 26(December 2003), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.6.2.144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.6.2.144
Munteanu, I. G., & Apetrei, C. (2021). Analytical methods used in determining antioxidant activity: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073380 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073380
Mutha, R. E., Tatiya, A. U., & Surana, S. J. (2021). Flavonoids as natural phenolic compounds and their role in therapeutics: an overview. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-020-00161-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-020-00161-8
Nowicka-Bauer, K., & Nixon, B. (2020). Molecular Changes Induced by Oxidative Stress that Impair Human Sperm Motility. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020134 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020134
Peiris, D. S. H. S., Fernando, D. T. K., Senadeera, S. P. N. N., & Ranaweera, C. B. (2023). Phytochemical Screening for Medicinal Plants: Guide for Extraction Methods. Asian Plant Research Journal, 11(4), 13–34. https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4216 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4216
Pujiastutik, H. (2017). Analisis Keterampilan Dasar Mahasiswa Calon Guru Biologi pada Mata Kuliah Pengenalan Laboratorium Biologi UNIROW Tuban Analysis of Basic Skills of Biology Teacher Candidate in Laboratory Introduction. Proceeding Biology Education Conference, 14, 1.
Santi, D., Crépieux, P., Reiter, E., Spaggiari, G., Brigante, G., Casarini, L., Rochira, V., & Simoni, M. (2020). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) action on spermatogenesis: A focus on physiological and therapeutic roles. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041014
Shi, L., Zhao, W., Yang, Z., Subbiah, V., & Suleria, H. A. R. (2022). Extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds and their potential antioxidant activities. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(54), 81112–81129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23337-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23337-6
Taha, G. A., Abdel-Farid, I. B., Elgebaly, H. A., Mahalel, U. A., Sheded, M. G., Bin-Jumah, M., & Mahmoud, A. M. (2020). Metabolomic profiling and antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities of Hyphaene thebaica. Processes, 8(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8030266 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8030266
Uyi Ewansiha, J., Ugo, C. E., Kolawole, D. I., & Orji, L. S. (2021). Antibacterial Activities of Hyphaene thebaica (Doum Palm) Fruit Extracts against Intestinal Microflora and Potential Constipation Associated Pathogens in Yola Metropolis, Nigeria. Tanzania Journal of Science, 47(1), 104–111.
Wardani, I., & Djukri, D. (2019). Teaching science process skill using guided inquiry model with starter experiment approach: an experimental study. JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia), 5(2), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v5i2.8429 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v5i2.8429
Winarti, R., Saraswati, T. R., & Tana, S. (2021). Pengaruh Serbuk Kunyit dan Kurkumin terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diberi Pakan Hiperlipid. Jurnal Akademika Biologi, 10(1), 24–31.
Xiang, X., Chen, J., Zhu, M., Gao, H., Liu, X., & Wang, Q. (2023). Multiomics Revealed the Multi-Dimensional Effects of Late Sleep on Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Children in Northwest China. Nutrients, 15(20), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204315
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Wayan Sukma Antari, Ni Komang Tri Agustini
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
