Guided Inquiry with STEAM: Fostering Critical Thinking on Fluid Statics Concepts
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i6.14876Published:
2026-06-25Downloads
Abstract
Critical thinking is one of the higher levels of thinking. This study aims to determine the level of critical thinking of students using the STEAM-integrated guided inquiry learning model on static fluid material. The research method used is mixed methods that focuses on the design of embedded experimental models. The subjects in this study consisted of 11th grade high school students in Salatiga. Data from this study were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The conclusion of this study is that there is an increase before and after being taught using STEAM-integrated guided inquiry learning. This is evidenced by the results of the analysis of students' critical thinking levels which were previously in the good category of 3.12%, moderate 31.25%, poor 28.12%, and very poor 37.5% and after learning using STEAM-integrated guided inquiry learning are in the very good, good, and moderate categories. The percentages are very good 6.25%, good 53.12%, and moderate 40.62%.
Keywords:
Critical thinking Guided inquiry learning STEAMReferences
Aguilera, D., Lupiáñez, J. L., Vílchez-González, J. M., & Perales-Palacios, F. J. (2021). In Search of a Long-Awaited Consensus on Disciplinary Integration in STEM Education. Mathematics, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/math9060597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/math9060597
Arisoy, B., & Aybek, B. (2021). The Effects of Subjectbased Critical Thinking Education in Mathematics on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills and Virtues. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 99–120. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2021.92.6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2021.92.6
Belbase, S., Mainali, B. R., Kasemsukpipat, W., Tairab, H., Gochoo, M., & Jarrah, A. (2022). At the Dawn of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM) Education: Prospects, Priorities, Processes and Problems. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 53(11), 2919–2955. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2021.1922943 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2021.1922943
Bertrand, M. G., & Namukasa, I. K. (2020). STEAM Education: Student Learning and Transferable Skills. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 13(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/jrit-01-2020-0003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-01-2020-0003
Creswell, W. J., & J. Creswell, D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approach. Los Angeles, California: Sage Publications.
Dinni, H. N. (2018). HOTS (High Order Thinking Skills) and Its Relation to Mathematical Literacy Skills. PRISMA, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Matematika, 1, 170-176. Retrieved from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/prisma/article/view/19597
Ellis, F. D. (2010). The Essential Guide to Effect Sizes: Statistical Power, Meta-Analysis and the Interpretation of Research Results. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511761676
Ennis, R. H. (2011). The Nature of Critical Thinking: An Outline of Critical Thinking Dispositions and Abilities. University of Illinois
Guo, P., Saab, N., Ren, D., & Admiraal, W. (2022). The Community of Inquiry Perspective on Teachers’ Role and Students’ Evaluations of Online ProjectBased Learning. Online Learning Journal, 26(4), 259–280. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v26i4.3193 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v26i4.3193
Hake, R. R. (1998). Interactive-Engagement Versus Traditional Methods: A Six-Thousand-Student Survey of Mechanics Test Data for Introductory Physics Courses. American Journal of Physics, 66(1) 64-74. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.18809. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1119/1.18809
Haritzah, T. Z. H., Purwaningsih, E., Taqwa, M. R. A., Putri, F. D., & Kurniawan, F. (2024). Development of Electronic Independent Learning Activity Unit (E-ILAU) Using Project-Based Learning-STEM Integrated TPACK to Improve Higher-Order Thinking Skills. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia, 20(1), 105–123. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpfi.v20i1.42132 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpfi.v20i1.42132
Herlita, F., Yamtinah, S., & Wati, I. K. (2023). The Effect of the PjBL-STEM Model on Students’ Critical Thinking Ability in Science Learning. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9(2), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v9i2.57963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v9i2.57963
Husain, M. S., Kendek, Y., & Fihrin, F. (2018). Analysis of the Level of Understanding of Static Fluid Concepts and Their Application in the Surrounding Environment among Students of SMA Negeri 2 Palu. JPFT (Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Tadulako Online), 6(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.22487/j25805924.2018.v6.i1.10015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22487/j25805924.2018.v6.i1.10015
Iljannah, L. L., Parno, P., Sujito, S., & Nawi, N. D. (2025). Improving Critical Thinking Skills through a STEAM-Integrated SSCS Learning Model on Static Fluid Concepts. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Dan Teknologi, 11(1), 197–212. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v11i1.8831 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v11i1.8831
Indahwati, S. D., Rachmadiarti, F., & Hariyono, E. (2023). Integration of PJBL, STEAM, and Learning Tool Development in Improving Students’ Critical Thinking Skills. IJORER: International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 4(6), 808–818. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v4i6.434 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v4i6.434
Ismayani, R. M., Permana, A., & Sukawati, S. (2020). HOTS-Based Question Preparation Training for Indonesian Language Teachers at the Junior High School Level in Subang Regency. Jurnal IKIP Siliwangi, 3(1). Retrieved from https://journal.ikipsiliwangi.ac.id/abdimas-siliwangi/article/view/3575
Jaya, F. C., Maria, S. H. T., & Mursyid, S. (2018). Remediation of Static Fluid Misconceptions of Students of SMAN 5 Pontianak Using Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa (JPPK), 7 (10). Retrieved from https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jpdpb
Lumentut, R. S., Said, I., & Mustapa, K. (2017). The Effect of Guided Inquiry Learning Model with Mind Map on Student Learning Outcomes and Motivation on Redox Material in Class X of SMA Negeri 5 Palu. Jurnal Akademika Kimia, 6(2), 113. https://doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2017.v6.i2.9242 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2017.v6.i2.9242
Mubarokah, N. H. A. (2019). Identifikasi Pemahaman Konsep Siswa SMA Materi Fluida Statis dengan Menggunakan CRI (Certainty of Response Index). ComptoN: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika, 6(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.30738/cjipf.v6i1.4684 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30738/cjipf.v6i1.4684
Mu’minah, I. H. (2020). Implementation of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) in 21st Century Learning. BIO EDUCATIO: The Journal of Science and Biology Education, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.31949/be.v5i1.2105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31949/be.v5i1.2105
Mutakinati, L., Anwari, I., & Yoshisuke, K. (2018). Analysis of Students’ Critical Thinking Skill of Middle School Through STEM Education Projectbased Learning. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 7(1), 54–65. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v7i1.10495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v7i1.10495
Nor, H.M., & Sihes, A. J. (2021). Critical Thinking Skills in Education: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(11), 161–171. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i11/11529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i11/11529
Nurhudayah, M., & Lesmono, A. D., & Subiki. Penerapan Model Inkuiri Terbimbing (Guided Inquiry) dalam Pembelajaran Fisika SMA di Jember (Studi pada Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis). Jurnal Pembelajaran Fisika Universitas Jember, 5(1), 82-88. Retrieved from http://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JPF/article/view/3568
Oner, A., Nite, S., Capraro, R., & Capraro, M. (2016). From STEM to STEAM: Students’ Beliefs About the Use of Their Creativity. STEAM, 2(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5642/steam.20160202.06 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5642/steam.20160202.06
Paminto, J., Yulianto, A., & Linuwih, S. (2023). Development of PJBL-Based Physics Edu Media to Improve The 21st Century Learning Skills of High School Students. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia, 19(2), 180–192. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpfi.v19i2.44703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpfi.v19i2.44703
PISA. (2016). Indonesia's PISA Ranking and Achievements Have Improved. Retrieved from http://www.kemendikbud.go.id/
Prani, A. I. E., & Hidayat, A. (2017). Penelitian Eksplanatori: Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA Pada Materi Fluida Statis. In Seminar Nasional Pendidikan IPA 2017 (Vol. 2). Retrieved from https://pasca.um.ac.id/conferences/index.php/ipa2017/article/view/1047/717
Primayana, K. H. (2019). Creating Problem-Solving-Based Learning with a Character-Building Orientation to Achieve Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Goals in Elementary School Children. Jurnal Agama dan Budaya, 3(2), 8. https://doi.org/10.55115/purwadita.v3i2.367
Rafiah, D., & Taufiq, A. (2017). Analysis of High School Students' Concept Mastery in Static Fluid Material. 2, 8.
Rahayu, D. N. G., Harijanto, A., & Lesmono, A. D. (2018). The Level of Critical Thinking Ability of High School Students in Dynamic Fluid Material. Jurnal Pembelajaran Fisika, 7(2). Retrieved from https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/jpf
Rahayu, R. D. Y., Mawardi, M., & Astuti, S. (2019). Improving Critical Thinking Skills and Learning Outcomes of 4th Grade Elementary School Students Through the Discovery Learning Model. JPDI (Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Indonesia), 4(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.26737/jpdi.v4i1.927 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26737/jpdi.v4i1.927
Reta, I. K., & No, J. R. (2012). The Influence of Problem-Based Learning Model on Critical Thinking Skills Reviewed from Students' Cognitive Styles. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Ganesha, 17. Retrieved from https://ejournal-pasca.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_ipa/article/view/403/195
Rohmayanti, R. R., Kusairi, S., & Hidayat, A. (2020). Mastery of the Concept of Archimedes' Law in Grade XI and XII High School Students. JRPF (Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Fisika), 5(2), 92-98. https://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um058v5i2p92-98
Rosdiana, S. R., Sutopo, S., & Kusairi, S. (2019). Critical Thinking Skills of High School Students on Static Fluid Material. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 4(6), 731. https://doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v4i6.12484 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v4i6.12484
Sumarni, W., & Kadarwati, S. (2020). Ethno-STEM Projectbased Learning: Its Impact to Critical and Creative Thinking Skills. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 9(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v9i1.21754. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v9i1.21754
Suryani, E., Prasetyo, Z. K., Hermanto, & Purwanti, K. Y. (2025). A Comparative Study of Inquiry, STEAM, and STEAM-Based Guided Inquiry (GI-STEAM). European Journal of STEM Education, 10(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17191
Suryaningsih, S., & Nurlita, R. (2021). The Importance of Innovative Electronic Student Worksheets (E-LKPD) in the 21st Century Learning Process. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 2(07), 1256–1268. https://doi.org/10.59141/japendi.v2i07.233 DOI: https://doi.org/10.59141/japendi.v2i07.233
Susilawati, E., Agustinasari, A., Samsudin, A., & Siahaan, P. (2020). Analysis of the Level of Critical Thinking Skills of High School Students. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Teknologi, 6(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v6i1.1453 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v6i1.1453
Triandini, W., Kosim, K., & Gunada, I. W. (2021). Development of a Guided Inquiry-Based Physics Module to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills. ORBITA Jurnal Kajian Inovasi dan Aplikasi Pendidikan Fisika, 7(1), 90. https://doi.org/10.31764/orbita.v7i1.3953 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/orbita.v7i1.3953
Tuada, R. N., & Suparno, S. (2021). Increasing Student’s HOTS Using Mobile Technology and Scaffolding Approach on Sound Wave Material. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia, 17(2), 160–174. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpfi.v17i2.26949. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpfi.v17i2.26949
Wahdah, N., Nugroho, K. A., & Jumadi, J. (2023). Enhance Critical Thinking Skills in Application of PjBL-STEM on Fluids Dynamics: A Literature Study. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(6), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i6.274 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i6.2743
Yati, N., Budiarti, R. S., & Hamidah, A. (2018). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta didik dalam Memecahkan Soal pada Materi Virus di SMA Negeri 3 Kota Jambi. Retrieved from https://shorturl.at/TsyTj
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Prima Warta Santhalia, Diane Noviandini

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).






