Comparative Financial Efficiency of Patchouli Farming under Intercropping and Mixed-Garden Systems: Implications for Sustainable Smallholder Land Use
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i8.15503Published:
2026-08-25Downloads
Abstract
Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) is a high-value aromatic crop that supports smallholder livelihoods in Indonesia. This study compared the financial performance of patchouli farming under intercropping and mixed-garden systems in Aceh Jaya Regency. A census of 30 eligible farmers was conducted, comprising 10 intercropping and 20 mixed-garden farmers. Farm-level performance was evaluated using production cost, revenue, income, income per hectare, revenue-cost (R/C) ratio, and break-even indicators, while differences between systems were tested using the Mann–Whitney U test. Intercropping generated mean income of IDR 58.40 million/farm and IDR 87.00 million/ha, compared with IDR 54.00 million/farm and IDR 73.56 million/ha under mixed gardens. Mean R/C ratios were 4.42 and 4.18, respectively, indicating that both systems were financially feasible. Intercropping also showed slightly lower break-even price and land requirements, but none of the principal financial or break-even indicators differed significantly between systems (p > 0.05). Thus, intercropping showed a descriptive financial advantage, but not statistically significant superiority. Farm-management strategies should prioritize crop arrangement, cost control, and productivity improvement.
Keywords:
Break-even point Economic efficiency Intercropping Mixed garden Patchouli farming R/C ratioReferences
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