Formulation of Nutraceutical Products Based on Multigrain and Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) as Anti-stunting Innovations
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i7.15843Published:
2026-07-25Downloads
Abstract
Stunting is a nutritional problem that requires innovation in functional food products made from natural ingredients that are nutritious and easy to consume. This study aimed to formulate an anti-stunting nutraceutical product based on multigrain ingredients and moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) in the form of a cereal-like health drink. Product evaluation was conducted through organoleptic testing, pH stability testing, proximate analysis, and hedonic testing. The organoleptic results showed that the three formulations had relatively similar color, taste, aroma, and texture characteristics and remained stable during one month of storage. The pH values were also stable, indicating good chemical stability of the product. Proximate analysis showed that the protein content of 8.14-9.13%, ash content of 1.36-1.74%, and carbohydrate content of 75.15-77.88% met the requirements of SNI 01-4270-1996. However, the moisture content of 7.56-8.01% still exceeded the maximum limit, while the fat content of 4.49-6.19% remained below the standard. The hedonic test results showed that all formulations were accepted and preferred by the panelists, with an average score exceeding 4. Formulation 3 showed superiority in the color parameter, while Formulation 2 was more preferred in terms of taste. Overall, this product has the potential to be developed as an anti-stunting nutraceutical innovation. However, further optimization of the drying process and the composition of fat-source ingredients is still required.
Keywords:
Anti-stunting Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) Multigrain NutraceuticalReferences
Agushybana, F., Ashari, A., Nuridzin, D. Z., Hakam, M. A., Siramaneerat, I., & Fitri, I. A. (2025). Multifaced Approach in Reducing Stunting in Semarang Municipality: a Policy Brief. Public Health of Indonesia, 11(3), 142–147. https://doi.org/10.36685/phi.v11i3.1034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36685/phi.v11i3.1034
Anjali, P., & Vijayaraj, P. (2020). Functional food ingredients from old age cereal grains. In Functional and Preservative Properties of Phytochemicals (pp. 47–92). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818593-3.00002-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818593-3.00002-6
Brahmi, F., Oufighou, A., Smail-Benazzouz, L., Hammiche, N., Hassaine, L., Boulekbache-Makhlouf, L., Madani, K., & Blando, F. (2024). Assessment of the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Flowers, Seeds, and Seed Cake of Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) and Their Application in Biscuits. Resources, 13(9), 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13090124 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13090124
Devanadera, M. K., Bungato, M. A., Labatos, M. J. M., Manalaysay, A. X., Abuel, Z. E., Bitao, K. M., Tan, S. M., Abion, T. J., Cantillano, T. M., Vibat, A. A., Labrador, A., & Santos, A. C. (2025). Nutraceutical and therapeutic potential assessment of lipote (Syzygium curranii) fruit juice: Effects on lipid profile and glucose lowering. Food Chemistry Advances, 8, 101100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2025.101100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2025.101100
Dewie, A., Susetyowati, S., & Hadiati, D. R. (2026). Identification and Prediction of Bioactive Peptides from Anchovy (Engraulidae) Based on Processing Methods: Sub-Fragment Analysis via LC-HRMS Proteomics. Trends in Sciences, 23(7), 12467. https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2026.12467 DOI: https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2026.12467
Dukhanin, A. S., & Chuvichkina, A. G. (2025). Pharmacological rationale for choosing a drug containing potassium and magnesium citrate. Russian Medical Inquiry, 9(9), 682–687. https://doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2025-9-9-21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2025-9-9-21
Ernawati, F., Tanumihardjo, S. A., Aji, G. K., Retiaty, F., Arifin, A. Y., Efriwati, E., Sundari, D., Nurjanah, N., Julianti, E. D., Salimar, S., Setyawati, B., Andarwulan, N., Fuada, N., Rizki, M. A. D., & Aidi, M. N. (2025). Micronutrient Deficiency and Nutritional Status Among Indonesian Children Under Five Years of Age: Evidence from National Survey Data. Nutrients, 17(24), 3926. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17243926 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17243926
Fauza, A., Rosdiana, D. S., Abidin, H., Novitasari, P., Wulan, A. N., Damayanti, S. T., & Salsabila, N. F. (2026). The Potential of Indonesian Indigenous Functional Foods as a Sustainable Strategy for Stunting Alleviation: A Systematic Review of Quasi Experimental Research. Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria, 46(1). https://doi.org/10.12873/461afauza DOI: https://doi.org/10.12873/461afauza
Fawzya, Y. N., & Irianto, H. E. (2020). Fish Protein Hydrolysates in Indonesia: Their Nutritional Values, Health Benefits, and Potential Applications. In Marine Niche: Applications in Pharmaceutical Sciences (pp. 283–297). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5017-1_16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5017-1_16
Gayatri, T. (2026). Overexpression of Forsythia intermedia pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase gene in Sesamum indicum increases secoisolariciresinol diglucoside content. Transgenic Research, 35(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-025-00479-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-025-00479-0
Gohil, D., Kokas, M., & Maheshwari, R. (2025). Moringa oleifera: A Short Review of its Health Benefits. Journal of Natural Remedies, 1501–1509. https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2025/45035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2025/45035
Hailu, B. A., Daba, C., Tsega, Y., Asaminew, A., Miheretu, B. A., & Endawkie, A. (2025). Geospatial distribution and multilevel determinants of inadequate minimum dietary diversity and its consequences for children aged 6–23 months in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLOS One, 20(5), e0321254. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321254 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321254
Kambuno, N. T., Putra, A. G. A., Louisa, M., Wuyung, P. E., Timan, I. S., Silaen, O. S. M., Sukria, H. A., & Supali, T. (2025). Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Improves Cognitive Function in Rat Offspring Born to Protein-Deficient Mothers. Biomedicines, 13(2), 346. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020346 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020346
Kawasaki, T., Zen, H., Nogami, K., Hayakawa, K., Sakai, T., & Hayakawa, Y. (2025). Direct Analysis of Solid-Phase Carbohydrate Polymers by Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation Reaction Combined with Synchrotron Radiation Infrared Microscopy and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Polymers, 17(17), 2273. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17172273 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17172273
Khoo, L. Y., & Azlan, A. (2026). A narrative review of food bar composition to address energy and protein deficits in stunted children. Food Production, Processing and Nutrition, 8(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43014-026-00366-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43014-026-00366-z
Kolarič, L., & Šimko, P. (2022). Simultaneous determination of cholesterol, stigmasterol, and β‐sitosterol contents in milk and dairy products. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 46(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16146 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16146
Ligarda-Samanez, C. A., Ccana-Buleje, T. G., Choque-Quispe, D., Palomino-Rincón, H., Taipe-Pardo, F., Moscoso-Moscoso, E., Muñoz-Melgarejo, M., Luciano-Alipio, R., Carrión, J. C., Muñoz-Saenz, J. C., Quispe-Quezada, U. R., & Jilaja-Carita, E. E. (2025). Spray-Dried Porcine Collagen Microcapsules in Tara Gum–Maltodextrin Matrices: A Sustainable Approach to By-Product Valorization for Functional and Nutraceutical Applications. Applied Sciences, 15(23), 12667. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312667 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312667
Lumley, C., Voth-Gaeddert, L., Montenegro-Bethancourt, G., Ratner, L., Sridhar, S., Venzor-Strader, A., Alajajian, S., & Rohloff, P. (2026). Modeling Growth Trajectories in Stunted Children Under 5 Years of Age: A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Data from Guatemala. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/03795721261437900 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/03795721261437900
Lybaws, L., Baliwati, Y. F., & Tanziha, I. (2025). Determinan Food Waste Rumah Tangga Wilayah Perkotaan dan Perdesaan Kabupaten Bogor. Amerta Nutrition, 9(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v9i1.2025.1-13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v9i1.2025.1-13
Mandal, S., Shankar, R., Rao, K., Kalaivanan, D., Kumar, P. C., & Dutta, S. (2025). Genetic dissection of moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) gene pool for leaf micronutrient and phytochemical qualities for bio-fortification. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 72(3), 2725–2741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02113-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02113-0
Marin, M. V., Wang, N.-Y., Turechek, W. W., & Peres, N. A. (2025). Thermotherapy via Aerated Steam is an Effective Alternative for Nonchemical Management of Cryptic Infection of Strawberry by Colletotrichum acutatum. Plant Disease, 109(8), 1745–1752. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-24-0700-RE DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-24-0700-RE
Mekuriaw, B. Y., Molla, A., Negash, M., Teferi, T., Habtamu, E., Aschale, M., & Tsega, A. (2025). Predictors of depression among caregivers of children with malnutrition in Gedeo zone public hospitals, Southern Ethiopia: case-control study. BMC Psychiatry, 25(1), 500. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06959-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06959-1
Mersha, J., Tariku, A., & Gonete, K. A. (2021). Undernutrition and Associated Factors Among School Adolescent Girls Attending Schools in Mirab-Armachiho District, Northwest Ethiopia. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 60(4), 473–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2021.1872022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2021.1872022
Muzaffar, H., & Wani, I. A. (2025). Formulation and evaluation of multigrain flatbread containing bitter gourd juice powder. Food and Humanity, 4, 100582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2025.100582 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2025.100582
Nethaji, D. K., Alagu, T., Sankar, D., & Thiyagarajan, S. (2025). Nutraceuticals potential of Zingiber officinale and Linum usitatissimum: A comprehensive analysis of macroscopic, microscopic, physico-chemical and phyto-chemical properties. Current Pharmaceutical Analysis, 21(2), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpan.2025.01.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpan.2025.01.001
Niazi, S. K., Shaikh, H. Y., Rudrappa, M., Bepari, A., Altamimi, H. N., Rudrakshi, P. N., Nayaka, S., & Agadi, S. N. (2025). Comprehensive evaluation of phytochemicals from Cleome simplicifolia stem for its In-vitro antioxidant, anticancer efficacy on HepG2 Cells, In-silico molecular docking and In-vivo hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albi. Pharmacological Research - Natural Products, 9, 100399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100399 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100399
Ogrodowczyk, A. M., Markiewicz, L., Szmatowicz, B., Koźniewski, B., & Wróblewska, B. (2025). Improved quality, sensory properties and nutraceutical potential of the fermented beverages fortified with freeze-dried berries and acacia honey. Food Chemistry, 486, 144469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144469 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144469
Panova, N., Gerasimova, A., Tumbarski, Y., Ivanov, I., Todorova, M., Dincheva, I., Gentscheva, G., Gledacheva, V., Slavchev, V., Stefanova, I., Petkova, N., Nikolova, S., & Nikolova, K. (2025). Metabolic Profile, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Contractile, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaves (India). Life, 15(4), 583. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15040583 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/life15040583
Paul, A. A., Kumar, S., Kumar, V., & Sharma, R. (2020). Milk Analog: Plant based alternatives to conventional milk, production, potential and health concerns. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 60(18), 3005–3023. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1674243 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1674243
Pérez-Herrera, A., Martínez-Gutiérrez, G. A., León-Martínez, F. M., & Sánchez-Medina, M. A. (2020). The effect of the presence of seeds on the nutraceutical, sensory and rheological properties of Physalis spp. Fruits jam: A comparative analysis. Food Chemistry, 302, 125141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125141
Qiu, Z., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Jiang, B., Zhao, J., Zhu, M., Zhou, D., Li, Q., Zhang, M., Li, T., & Shu, L. (2026). Cauliflower mushroom ( Sparassis ): a promising functional food with nutritional and medicinal properties. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 66(2), 352–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2025.2524473 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2025.2524473
Rahayu, H. K., Khotimah, S., & Fikriah, I. (2026). The effect of fish protein hydrolysate from Kryptopterus lais on nutritional status in stunting animal models. Discover Food, 6(1), 211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-026-00944-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-026-00944-7
Rahimah, S., Tallei, T. E., Savitri, M., Yamada, C., Kim, H. J., Choi, M., Park, M. N., Ophinni, Y., & Kim, B. (2026). Nutraceutical Interventions in Stunting: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects. Food Science & Nutrition, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71910 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71910
Rani, R., Kaushik, D., Oz, F., Avila-Quezada, G. D., Abd_Allah, E. F., Hashem, A., & Kumar, M. (2025). Polyphenol-rich extract from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba straw: Characterization, bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and anti-obesity potential. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 40, 104569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2025.104569 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2025.104569
Rantini, D., Najiyya, S. I., Ghani, M., Yasmirullah, S. D. P., Fahmiyah, I., Ramadan, A., Othman, F., & Alya, N. A. (2025). Understanding the Spatial Distribution of Stunting in East Java, Indonesia: A Comparison of GWR and MS-GWR Models. Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing, 15(1), 311–323. https://doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-3066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-3066
Rawat, M., Varshney, A., Gupta, A. K., Jha, A. K., Naik, B., & Kumar, V. (2024). Nutritional, techno-functional properties, and metabolite profiling of Arenga obtusifolia griff. (Tassey) flour in the formulation of functional food. Food Bioscience, 62, 105502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2024.105502 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2024.105502
Regnier, T., Tswaai, P., Augustyn, W., & Linde, J. (2025). African mushrooms as a preventative healthcare and nutrition intervention. BIO Web of Conferences, 187, 01004. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202518701004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202518701004
Sandhya, J. J., & Kanniammal, C. (2024). Development and sensory evaluation of Moringa oleifera–enriched snack bar for micronutrients deficiency in adolescents. International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases, 14(4), 425–431. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_102_24 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_102_24
Sari, A. N., Qurotu’ain, D. H., Harianto, F., & Jannah, S. Z. (2022). Regional Mapping In Bangkalan District Based On Potential Indicators Of Total Stunting Using K-Mode Cluster Algorithm. Media Gizi Indonesia, 17(1SP), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v17i1SP.76-82 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v17i1SP.76-82
Sateikaite, I., Samaei, Y., Khan, M., Carvalho, I., & Lazarte, C. E. (2026). Nutritional status of children under-five in rural mozambique: the role of phytate intake and mineral bioavailability. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 45(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-026-01247-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-026-01247-4
Taha, E. I., & Al-suwayeh, S. A. (2009). Preparation , in vitro and in vivo evaluation of solid-state self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system ( SNEDDS ) of vitamin A acetate. 17(March), 468–473. https://doi.org/10.1080/10611860903002761 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10611860903002761
Tassoult, M., Kati, D. E., Bachir-bey, M., Benouadah, A., & Rodriguez-Gutiérrez, G. (2021). Valorization of date palm biodiversity: physico‐chemical composition, phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and sensory evaluation of date pastes. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 15(3), 2601–2612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-00844-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-00844-7
Tawalbeh, D., Ahmad, F., Alu’datt, M. H., & Sarbon, N. M. (2025). Production improvement of Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) protein hydrolysates through ultrasonic pre-treatment approach: Impact on techno-functional properties and antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry Advances, 9, 101175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2025.101175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2025.101175
Thakur, A., Pandey, K. K., Borker, S. S., Rai, S., Tochhawng, L., & Kumar, R. (2026). A comprehensive review of shiitake mushroom’s cultivation, nutritional attributes, therapeutic potential, and sustainable applications. Discover Food, 6(1), 215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-026-00937-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-026-00937-6
Thi, P. A. T., Thi, T. V. T., Thi, L. P., & Thi, K. V. P. (2024). Potential use of Polyphenol-Enriched Extract from Moringa oleifera Leaves as an Active Ingredient in Sunscreen. Natural and Life Sciences Communications, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.12982/NLSC.2024.016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12982/NLSC.2024.016
Wilcaso, P., Landázuri, A. C., Castelló, M. L., & Ortolá, M. D. (2025). Comprehensive characterization of nutritional, phytochemical, optical, and electrical properties of Moringa oleifera Lam. parts from Ecuador. LWT, 228, 118108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2025.118108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2025.118108
Xu, Q., Tan, H., Zhang, T., Han, D., Wang, Y., Ma, M., & Hu, Q. (2026). Ammonium-regulated high-cell-density heterotrophic cultivation enhances cost-effective chrysolaminarin production in Poterioochromonas malhamensis. New Biotechnology, 93, 194–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2026.03.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2026.03.006
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Rochany Septiyaningsih, Ajeng Puspo Aji, Meyra Alfiah Ananda, Septiana Indratmoko

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).





