Correlation Among Rainfall, Humidity, and The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Phenomena in Bengkulu City During the Period from 1985-2020

Authors

Agam Wardani , Arya J Akbar , Lina Handayani , Ashar Muda Lubis

DOI:

10.29303/jppipa.v9i4.2971

Published:

2023-04-30

Issue:

Vol. 9 No. 4 (2023): April

Keywords:

El Nino, Humidity, La Nina, Rainfall

Research Articles

Downloads

How to Cite

Wardani, A., Akbar, A. J., Handayani, L., & Lubis, A. M. (2023). Correlation Among Rainfall, Humidity, and The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Phenomena in Bengkulu City During the Period from 1985-2020 . Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(4), 1664–1671. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i4.2971
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Abstract

A correlation analysis is needed to see the relations among the three variables, rainfall with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Humidity with ENSO. The instability of rainfall and the decrease in the humidity in Bengkulu City can be affected by La Nina and El Nino phenomena. This research aimed to analyze the correlations among rainfall, humidity, and ENSO with Pearson correlation analysis. The rainfall and humidity data were collected from BMKG, and the ENSO data were obtained from NOAA PSL for the 1985-2020 period. The results of the correlation analysis of rainfall and ENSO for the last 35 years generally show a moderately strong correlation. However, a strong correlation in the La Nina phase specifically occurred in 1988-1989, 1998-1999, 1999-2000, 2007-2008 and 2010-2011 with values of 58.6, 40.1, 61.4, 96, 4, and 89.2%. Meanwhile, the correlation >80% (very strong) during the El Nino phase occurred in 1987, 1991-1992, 1997, 2015. The correlation analysis results of humidity and ENSO show little correlation in the La Nina phase of >70% (1988-1989, 1998-1999, 2010-2011) and the El Nino phase of <70% (1997, 2015, 2016). The humidity correlations with ENSO do not influence the humidity change in Bengkulu City. The decrease in the humidity in Bengkulu City can be affected by other factors, such as land use change to housing due to population growth in Bengkulu City.

References

Akbar, A. J., & Lubis, A. M. (2022). Analysis of Land and Sea Temperatures Trend During 1985-2021 Period to Understand Local or Global Warming Effect in Bengkulu City. Indonesian Review of Physics, 5(1), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.12928/irip.v5i1.6073

Akoglu, H. (2018). User's guide to correlation coefficients. Turkish journal of emergency medicine, 18(3), 91-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjem.2018.08.001

Anwar, A., Sudjatmiko, S., & Barchia, M.F. (2018). Pergeseran Klasifikasi Iklim Oldeman dan Schmidth-Fergusson Sebagai Dasar Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam di Bengkulu. Jurnal Penelitian Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan, 7(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.31186/naturalis.7.1.9261

An, E. J., & Kim, H. D. (2019). Analysis of the correlation between urban high temperature phenomenon and air pollution during summer in Daegu. Journal of Environmental Science International, 28(10), 831-840. https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2019.28.10.831

Ahsanullah, M., Kibria, B.M.G., & Shakil, M. (2014). Normal and Student’s t Distributions and Their Applications (Vol. 4). Paris: Atlantis Press. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/book/10.2991/978-94-6239-061-4

Athoillah, I., Sibarani, R.M., & Doloksaribu, D.E. (2017). Analisis Spasial El Nino Kuat Tahun 2015 dan La Nina Lemah Tahun 2016 (Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kelembapan, Angin dan Curah Hujan di Indonesia). Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca, 18(1), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.29122/jstmc.v18i1.2140

Atmajayani, R.D. (2020). Hutan Kota Dalam Kajian Tingkat Kenyamanan Bagi Masyarakat (Studi Kasus Hutan Kota Blitar). Jurnal Riset dan Konseptual, 5(3), 627-635. http://dx.doi.org/10.28926/briliant. v3i4.503

Bewick, V., Cheek, L., & Ball, J. (2003). Statistics review 7: Correlation and regression. Critical care, 7(6), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc2401

BPS. (2020). Potret Sensus Penduduk 2020 Provinsi Bengkulu Menuju Satu Data Kependudukan Indonesia. BPS Provinsi Bengkulu.

Cobantoro, A.F., Setyawan, M.B., & Wibowo, M.A.B. (2019). Otomasi Greenhouse Berbasis Mikrokomputer RASPBERRY PI. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi Asia, 13(2), 115-124. https://doi.org/10.32815/jitika.v13i2.360

Fernalia., Pawiliyah., Triana, N., Colin, V., Listiana, D., Herman, A., Dwiana, D., Sasmita, F.N., Refwan., Elese, V. (2022). Pembentukan Kelompok Masyarakat Terlatih Water Rescue di Kampung Binaan Segana Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal Kreativitas Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (Pkm), 5(3), 705-710. https://doi.org/10.33024/jkpm.v5i3.6195

Fransiska, H., Sunandi, E., & Agustina, D. (2020). Peramalan Curah Hujan Provinsi Bengkulu dengan Generalized Space-Time Autoregressive. Journal of Mathematics Education, Science and Technology, 5(2), 130-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/must.v5i2.5326

Habib, E., Krajewski, W. F., & Ciach, G. J. (2001). Estimation of rainfall interstation correlation. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 2(6), 621-629. https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2001)002<0621:EORIC>2.0.CO;2

Hadi, A.I., Suwarsono., & Herliana. (2010). Analisis Karakteristik Intensitas Curah Hujan di Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal Fisika FLUX, 7(2), 119-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/flux.v7i2.3086

Hermansah. (2017). Uji Rata-Rata Satu Sampel Menggunakan R untuk Mengetahui Pengaruh Model Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mata Kuliah Analisis Vektor. Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 6(2), 161-166. https://doi.org/10.33373/pythagoras.v6i2.915

Hidayat, U., Prasetyo, S., Haryanto, Y.D., Riama, N.F. (2021). Effect of ENSO on Rainfall and Relative Humidity and Sea Surface Temperature in Sulawesi. Jurnal Buletin GAW Bariri, 2(2), 88-96. https://doi.org/10.31172/bgb.v2i2.56

Kozu, T., Reddy, K.K., Mori, S., Thurai, M., Ong, J.T., Rao, D.N., & Shimomai, T. (2006). Seasonal and Diurnal Variation of Raindrop Size Distribution in Asian Monsoon Region. Journal Of The Meteorology Society Of Japan, 84A, 195-209. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.84A.195

Kug, J. S., & Ham, Y. G. (2011). Are there two types of La Nina?. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(16). https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048237

Kurniawan, A. (2020). Evaluasi Pengukuran Curah Hujan Antara Hasil Pengukuran Permukaan (AWS, HELLMAN, OBS) dan Hasil Estimasi (Citra Satelit= GSMaP) Di Stasiun Klimatologi Mlati Tahun 2018. Jurnal Geografi, Edukasi dan Lingkungan (JGEL), 4(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.29405/jgel.v4i1.3797

Lee, H. S. (2015). General rainfall patterns in Indonesia and the potential impacts of local season rainfall intensity. Water, 7(4), 1751-1768. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7041751

Lin, Y., Oey, L. Y., & Orfila, A. (2019). Two ‘faces’ of ENSO-induced surface waves during the tropical cyclone season. Progress in oceanography, 175, 40-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.03.004

Lovell-Smith, J. W., & Pearson, H. (2005). On the concept of relative humidity. metrologia, 43(1), 129. https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/1/018

Nabilah, F., Prasetyo, Y., & Sukmono, A. (2017). Analisis Pengaruh Fenomena El Nino Dan La Nina Terhadap Curah Hujan Tahun 1998-2016 Menggunakan Indikator Oni (Oceanic Nino Index). Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 6(4), 402-412. Retrieved from https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/geodesi/article/view/18170

Naylor, R. L., Battisti, D. S., Vimont, D. J., Falcon, W. P., & Burke, M. B. (2007). Assessing risks of climate variability and climate change for Indonesian rice agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(19), 7752-7757. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.070182510

Pramudia, A., Susanti, E., & Auranda, M. (2021, July). Analysis of rainfall data to develop the classification criteria for identifying agro-climate resources on the field. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 824(1), 012065. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/824/1/012065

Sakti, B., & Ikhwan, J. (2019). Model Sistem Dinamik Ketersediaan Lahan Terbangun di Provinsi Bengkulu. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 2(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.32663/pareto.v2i2.1024

Senatore, A., Furnari, L., & Mendicino, G. (2020). Impact of high-resolution sea surface temperature representation on the forecast of small Mediterranean catchments' hydrological responses to heavy precipitation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 24(1), 269-291. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-269-2020, 2020

Siska, S., Barcia, A., & Brata, F.B. (2020). Analisis Faktor Penyebab dan Strategi Pengendalian Alih Fungsi Sawah Menjadi Perumahan dan Dampaknya Terhadap Lingkungan di Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal Penelitian Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 9(2), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.31186/naturalis.9.2.13505

Susiloningtyas, D., Lesy, A.A., & Supriatna. (2021). Dynamic System Model of Land Use Affected by Sea Level Rise in the Coastal Area of Bengkulu City, Indonesia. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences), 48(4), 119-126. Retrieved from http://www.jonuns.com/index.php/journal/article/view/54 6.

Takama, T., Setyani, P., & Aldrian, E. (2014). Climate change vulnerability to rice paddy production in Bali, Indonesia. Handbook of climate change adaptation, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40455-9_84-1

Verawati. (2019). Pergeseran Adat Bimbang Balai di Desa Jeranglah Kecamatan Manna Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan Pada Tahun 1990-2017 (Sumbangan Materi Pada Mata Kuliah Sejarah Kebudayaan) (Skripsi). Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia.

Wang, M. H. S., Wang, L. K., & Shammas, N. K. (2020). Glossary of Climate Change, GlobalWarming and Ozone Layer Protection. In HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENT AND WASTE MANAGEMENT: Acid Rain and Greenhouse Gas Pollution Control, 689-718. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811207136_0020

Author Biographies

Agam Wardani, Bengkulu University

Arya J Akbar, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bengkulu

Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bengkulu

Lina Handayani, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Research Center for Geological Disaster, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Ashar Muda Lubis, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bengkulu

Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bengkulu

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Agam Wardani, Arya J Akbar, Lina Handayani, Ashar Muda Lubis

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).